Electronics Engineering Laboratory ( EC- 2095 ) Semester: 3. Autumn 2021-22 Bk KALINGA INSTITUTE OF INDUSTRIAL TECHNOLOGY (KIIT) Doomed to be University U/S 3 of tne UGC Act, 1956 Name: Chiranjivi Joshi Roll No.: 2009023 Section: M3 Experiment No.: 01 Experiment Name: Identification and Testing of different active and passive components of electronic circuit. Student Signature: EENM021 -0€-04 EXPERIMENT NO: 1. CPAI AIM OF THE EXPERTMENT : Jdentification of different active and passive components, thoy aymmbals and the color coding scheme. COMPONENTS REQUIRED ¢ The compnent s nequited tor this experiment ae: +Passive components: Resistors, capacitors, Onductrs and Tranatormers, + Active compments: Biodes , Transistors and IC:, TieoRy : The beste theory needed tr this experiment eagiven beloo: The elachonie compments which don't have sel eneeay saree ond 1 unable te amplify elecnic signal ane Knewo an passive companents. Examples: Resistry, Capacitor, Inductor> land Transformer... Electronic components thal han < energy Source and ane able to omphi eclectic signal are known ay achive campmerts. éxomple : Diade, Transistor and Te. Panstve »_Components : Resistor: The property of; Substonce 4o oppose Fins Guaend through 1% called jasistance, The material having thab ropendied ore known ad fosister. The uni! of nersiatince Ub chm (2), Resistr is of hoo types:1. Etec! Resistor U. Variable Reaistsr Example of, Prec! resistor are canben posistor and wire wand agsistr. Corben Aaristor: gt tb a commen dre of low wattage pabistor . The positive material %A~ of carbon and ele and the leads ane rade ob ttaned copper. These avatlable tn feu ohm & about 22M having dplerance. ange ot t5% to 110% Wine wound norister : Ths sesstr is conviructed enig Nickel chromium and cae wand on a cevanve care. These have Avsistance 1.0 time andl poe ratig up b 200 watts. Examples voriable pesistors al * preset and petention 5 Poteritismeter: 9F 1 2 3 terminal resister used tor Volume control , brightness contol, dene. control, and contrast contre) af radio ‘andl 10 Acciever. These are avellable fn FO D , RLKD HAKD , QVKD and 470 KSL. Qpacitor : Two parallel cxreluching plates seperated bya Insulaber fgrmds capacitor: ots’ basic purpese 1 stove a change StS unit iS fanad, UF anal ph Its used tr coup hig, b ing and Filton | Capocitsr are. namie! crab ees ockie gale cain Gb to divided Grtty to (i) fixec! capociter and (ii) vaniable capadter) fired capacitsr + Example - mica capadter, ceramic Capacitor Pied Capacitor ssVaniable capacitor: Example- bang capatitay Trimmor. \eramic_capacttor: Qn this capaciter, a ccram/e olise 14 coabeel on bothsioes with motal such as Cu or Ag. The coating acts aa ‘two platec! » Tinned wie heacls also attacked tb each plate . he ertine unit 15 coated! with plastic and morked with its capa citance. value esther ui numerical color coe , Range of capaciter are Zp! te about Lyf, Elecholytic capacitor This is @ polar capacitor The angels sph several 420 uf, June capaciters are comtnanly usecl ushorw a large anit capacitance h Epuirecs ly aniahle capacitor: Example: Gong capoutsr, Trimmer anc! | Pocleler. The electne civeull in Tpich frequency tS t be changed as Par fogutnement, such tuning, Uaariable copacitr, ane ‘used, crong capacitor ts mask corarrely eared, Gang capaciter: These eapacnst “ gr available i wall A loph > B6spt. 9b bs wseal in tl aa nadio reciever. Trimmer. 94 15 amether & variable capicitor, The Ee citer fe used rn clack oe oshon the variation copacttance 1s not + The caparitance of foo of rare men sheets soperatec! b Gheot of op to Combinakion of trimmer. [s called padder: Oncluctr: Ot tA electrorve componerts that opposes chay ok cwwent in Cireuit. The abil of Cth oF Producto duet which tt oppsses change durrort Flowing Hr- thts tnoluchnee. The unidl of tncluctince ib envy gt offers high. impedance to AC circuit bud very lowTnpedance te BC. 9E ib used fer impedance marching. Types of Inductor: Axed Ineluctr- U. Nawvable 9nduetor (. vec! Indwetrs filter choke or choke coik is an inductor nto Filter section DC supply. 9¢ blocks AC signal and! allows DC signal. Alder Chobe hove many furne A wie wound on an iron core. Cl) Variable Sneluctr: ot vA weed th tinng cirenit for % change the tndluetance ferrite cove & erphy ed Bi hergg the positive screwed. ferrite core, One t nee can Varied. Example: Oscillator coi. Transformer: 9t is the stutic device which transfers electrical energy from cirewit ty another veut withrd Changing 4 ‘frequency, Panically, It Consists roo ml havin} dba same core. Te coit/to which Vol o “ ectecl in prima wirding and coil Deve he ] icomected 4 a winding 9 wserks on Principle & mubial Onolutance. when AC is Supplied re primary , ar emf. is 14 tndaced in legend Stele, Depend upon no a aa in Secondai Mey nom oe an Primary gle, parof- fictive compments ; Diodes A suttably binsec| P-N junction dliocle is called emicenetuctr diccle. the properly of @ diode ik te conduct current in one elinection wien fended biased. 6 Hocley hove two temunals, nai anode and! cathode. dinde used as_hectitios , dotectry Vane tn _sertclung cients, if cwitehy ig Cirrits, 1 faci |——(circuit, 1P the anock i& Positive with Avspecd to 7 i ‘athoole, |diocde % forward biased and if te onde ‘6 na ‘ative bs seopect to ‘cathoclt, the dicde ts Aeverte biased, of ED! On demicencluctrre such ab ba, As, there ib a brect recombination of electors with holed. So the energy peleared when an electon Falla oe” the conduction bard te yalence band appears in the form of padietion . Such PN junction is known aa Xb. 94 hadiated Light uthon tk is trwarel biased Te color of traolixtim depends upan ‘the type A photrcensitive matersal uaed. 9b 1% ured fr frstrument play , dpital watches and calculators. Zener bigde: A properly cloped! crystal olircle whith has a sharp breakdown volt Ped Perenolde. at is alwoeys comnected| in Aeverse bioa¥d concen. Breakdown vollnge ts me reverse Nollage ab which che PA junclim breaks nd sudden zie 0 lo ts heavily olepec! , then govelce current occurs. 4$- the dics dapletion layer wlll be thin, and consequently pre breakdown oceurs at & dower feverse vole. zener diode 5 used ad Notbage Acgulador or voltage stebilizer+ Transistor + A transistor consists A two PN junction armed by sandwiching either PHype or type gemiconduetr between a pair a paste ope There are three termnald rarely emitter, bane andl collector. Transistors ane of foo types. INGEN Tanulcior DPNP Transiators. 3¢Contegrated Crceult:) ¢ The cirewt in hich vaniny active and passive components such as dransistes, Aodes, capacitors, awibtors etc ant. mounted! tn a single semiconductor chip 15 calle }; ated civeuit, -Accoreing 1 the Aeguirement different pyped of Iz ane there. example: Kmalag IC, Digital 9C, ana Microprocessor IC. d : eISLNO] NAME OF THE ComPONENT SYMBOL 1. |Carbon aoaistor Chixecl nosistor) 2 | Petertiometer CVariable neristor) B, |Wihe- wound norsiator (fixed nosistsr) AL Elecholyte copexcttor CPxed cepacitor) HR 5. Cevarie capacitor (Axed) capacitor) bj Gan Capacitor (entable capacitor) Se Timm (Neniable Gopacitsr) —TTron core Inductor : VL Cec Trducto) A 9, |Choke coil enone CVaniable Inductor) 10. Traraformor Prim any ; a] wi a stepabuon Frorofermer-| 44] PAN junction tool. Dy 12] Zener olioole a Z th 13, Aight Emitting Bivcle CES) {>| € » CNP) Wl Transistor, z LemPower “Tromaist 1b, Sntegrated! Crewit. scheme fer evaluation gf COLOR CODING: The cab colig foslstance. Value is shown belo: SL] Nome oF the Big UFicant mulbipiier | “Tolerance no, colors bands band band. [4] Black 0 10° |2| Braun 1 tot 3. Rec. 2 402 I 2. —3 —|-__103. $.|__ Nelato 4 404 6, Green 5 108 Z| Bue é 406 8|_ Niolet. t | ict 3. Gray g 108 to. white___ 9 102 Le} Galden x 0-0, tsn (| Silver x 1079.04) £107, 13.) No. colar. x x £204, fet bande“, J Sel bon * banel (brown = 1) RM baked muttiplier bond) (tplevance Land, (black =) “¢red= "xin" (gotl= 23) lg: Rest color codes: ExampleEXPERIMENT NO: 4 CPARTB) AIM OF THE EXPERIMENT ¢ Testin of oly enor active anol passive components and missuremerd of eaidtoree, curved CALE D.C and valboge CALL Bit) Yoluos wing analog 4 Aigital ourlbion EQUIPMENTS fini COMPONENTS REQUIRED: The equipmentd and componerdd neguihecl we this experiment ane: + Analog multimeter Digital multimeter, «Resistor, capacitos, bioole, Zener clacle, AED, Transistor CNN, PNP). THEORY : The banic ‘theory noecled to understand Huis experim- ent is quer belno? ) digital Multimeter; BH olisplays the AC. or DC. voltage being measurech ab deccrete numenical fn oleci system. Main parbs of agital Multi-meter ane: i) Digital obisploy x 9b cisplay measured quantity ?n agit. ‘i nput termina, There 222 ‘three sockets, one ok tem commen, +o which Black eaol is mserted. The hoo dther~ gockels te which fred Lead is emnected are: DVO WA mA He + 9b 1S ured Gr measurement oF DC and A.C. yolbage , resistance and measurement of pee MA, LA range. b) ‘Al is wed Aer menourement_of, Ac and Buc current in | 1Cae 71 ee fuse) CAT 6o0v + mg°C’F a CE y Ty 4 ery r V pA Fig: Digital Multimeterampere Tange. Mode switch: Tus Switch i ubed te select Moole, TRS Range susitch: This push bubton is used te select the: verge & quantity (2 be meanurecl. BY ANALOG MULTIMETER Sn tus mulbimeter the heading 1 taken accorcling to the position of pointer tn tho calibrated Scale. There are movirly too scales tpt rreasuri voltage, currertt and rusifonce. The upper mast scale is “Leganithemic Scale ie. the ctivisions ant not e9 divided, The dower Seale is Linear scale ie. The Bvisire ane a enmat x ww ured posistance measure in wl rid mes 2 ub oe stole ane) minimum Range bin 9, ile Lower St wy used er volbaye and current measwemert .Herw the maximum ange | in the gide and nuimum 1d In the Loft side. “an Hels meter, the nadlcling % boss accurate than the digital cultimeter. A Knob present: tn Loft siole 4, meter “is called On adjustmerd knob. Proceclure: The procecluve 10 analyse » erieelnot * 4. Whole mearurini by analog mubbimeter Pret tocheck uthethyr the pomber th on ‘ces position ar not. 2 94 nob, it must be Kept in zero position, by adjustin untment knol Cshort the foo leada). Alva iy the ide prove is beated ad noative and xed arte. Bub in cane sf sorniconductsr, Black ts +ve and ted! is -ve, the equipmerds and componentsFig: Analog MultimeterCONCLUSION +, Gom above enpehiment we get 4 clean view on the concep AF achive and Pparsive components ean their applicabions, We olvo gah tre view about ye ok, bififpunt componerdis ard their colar coding nee Beride thes we lead to find ob pasistanees Cren P | Voltage vong the devices Qik digitel and onaleg mel