B.Sc.

Part I BOTANY (HONOURS)

There shall be two theoretical (Paper-I and Paper-II). Each carrying 75 marks and one pract ical
paper carrying 50 marks in 1 st year examination of Three year Integrated Degree Course

Time: 3 Hours] Instructions for Paper-I and Paper-II [Full Marks: 75

1. Question no. I will be compulsory consisting of 15 items of objective type Questions

covering both Group A and Group B parts of the syllabus. The objective type question will
have a statement and four possible responses marked a, b, c and d, out of which only one will
be the correct answer. 15 Marks
2. Each Group (A and B) will have both short answer type questions and Long answer type
questions. Candidates are required to answer both types of questions in each group.
3. Short answer type questions will have 8 items, out of which 5 items are to be answered
preferable in four/five sentences. 30 Marks
4. Long answer type questions will be conventional type and one question has to be answered
out of 3 options provided. 30 Marks
PAPER – I
GROUP - A: CRYPTOGAMS
Algae: (1) General characteristics & classification of algae, (2) General characteristics of
Cyanophyceae with reference to Oscillatoria and Rivularia, Nostoc, Anabaena, (3) Structure and life
history of the following genera with reference to alternation of generation: Volvox, Oedogolnium,
Coleochaete, Chara, Ectocarpus, Fucus, Batrachospermum and Polysiphonia. (4) Study of
Economics importance of Algae.
Fungi: (1) General Characters classification and Economic importance of Fungi, (2) Structures and
life history of the following genera : Synchytrium, Albugo, Erysiphe, Peziza, Ustilago, Puccinia,
Alternaria, & Cercospora.
Lichen: General Account.
GROUP – B
Bryophytes : (1) General characteristics, classification and Economic importance of Bryophytes. (2)
Structures and life history of the following genera with reference to comparative studies of
gametophytes and sporophytes : Marchantia, Pellia, Anthoceros, Sphagnum and Polytrichum.
Pteridophytes : (1) General characters and classification. (2) Stelar evolution. (3) Structures and life
history of the following: Psilotum, Lycopodium, Selaginella, Equisetum, Marselia and Azolla.
Fossils : Study of Rhynia, Lepidodendron and Calamites.
Paper-II
MICROBIOLOGY AND PLANT PATHOLOGY
Time: 3 Hours] [Full Marks: 75
Ten questions to be set, six from Group-A and four from Group-B, five to be answered, three from
Group-A and two from Group-B.
GROUP-A
1. Historical background of Microbiology.
2. Techniques of isolation for micro-organisms and culture media preparation.
3. Modern concepts about bacterial cell.
4. Structure and nature of TMV and Bacteriophage.
5. Role of microbes in nitrogen fixation.
6. Industrial Importance of bacteria and fungi.
7. Microbial degradation of agricultural produce in storage.
GROUP-B
8. Role of Toxins and Enzymes in Plant Diseases.
9. Important plant diseases of Bihar, Etiology, symptoms and control of the following diseases:
(a) Late blight of potato (b) Loose smut of wheat
(c) Rust of linsead (d) Red rot of sugarcane
 (e) Citrus canker (f) Tobacco mosaic virus
(g) Tundu disease of wheat (h) Little leaf of brinjal.
10. Transmission of Plant viruses and control measures.
PRACTICAL PAPER
Time: 4 Hours] Cryptogams + Microbiology [Full Marks: 50
1. Morphology and structural details of the forms prescribed in the syllabus and their temporary
stained microscopic slide preparations.
Pteridophyte 7
Algae 5 20
Bryophyte 5
Lichen/Fungi 3
2. Study of bacterial and viral diseases and staining technique of Gram (+) and Gram (-)
bacteria. Or
Preparation of a solid culture medium. Or
Technique of isolation and inoculation of fungi.
3. Study of local fungal diseases.
4. Comment upon sports (5) from the syllabus
5. Class Record.
6. Viva-voce

B. Sc. Part – I BOTANY (GENERAL COURSE)

Each Year: There shall be one paper consist ing of t heory of 75 marks and pract ica l
carrying 25 marks, each of t hree hours durat ion.
1st Year Paper- I-(Group-l-Cr ypt ogams) (Group -II-Phanerogams)
The examinat ion are to be set five quest ions fro m each o f t he t wo group s out of which
t he candidat es will be required to answer five quest ion at t empt ing at least two
quest ions fro m each group.
GROUP-I : CRYPTOGAMS
Struct ure reproduct ion diagnost ic feat ures and economic import ance of alg ae, fung i
and lichens based on t he t ype s when ever ment ioned.
1. Algae: Nostoc, Oedogonium, Chara, Vaucheria, Sargassum and
Batrachospcrmum.
2. Fungi: Albugo, Peziza, Puccinia.
3. Lichens: General account and Economic import ance.
4. Bryophytes: St ructure and life hist ory of t he fo llowi ng t ypes: Marchantia,
Anthoceros and Spha gnum.
5. Pteriopophytes: Selaginella, Equisetum and Marselia.
GROUP-II: PHANEROGAMS
1. Gymnosperm: P inus: (Morphology, anat omy & reproduct ion).
2. Taxonomy of Angiosperms.
(i) Classificat ion of angio sper m wit h reference t o t he syst em of Bent ha m
and Hooker, Hut chinson.
(ii) Import ant rule of plant nomenclat ure.
(iii) An account of t he diagnost ic, feat ures and economic import ance of t he
families-Ranunculaceae, Euphorbiaceae, Cucurbit aceae, Apocyanaceae,
Acant haceae, Laminaceae, Ama rant haceae, Cyperaceae and Poac ae.
3. Anatomy:
(i) Mer ist ems
(ii) Init iat ion act ivit y and funct ion of cambium
(iii) Ano malous secondar y growt h in Boerhaavia, Tinospora and Dracaena
(iv) Root St em Transit io n.
4. Emoryology:
 (i) Development of ant her, pollen, embr yo sac, fert ilizat ion, endosper m and
embr yo.
(ii) An idea about exper iment al embr yo logy.

PRACTICAL
Time: 3 Hours] [Full Marks: 50
GROUP: Cryptogams and Phanerogams
1. Morphology and struct ural det ails of Algae, Fungi, Br yophyt a,
Pt eriodophyt a, Gymnosper ms included in t he S yllabus and t heir
t emporary/per manent slides preparat ion.
2. Descr ipt ion of Angiosper mic plant belonging to t he fa mily prescr ibed in
t he syllabus. Ident ificat ion up t he family level.
3. St udy of t he primar y and secondar y (bot h normal and abnormal)
st ruct ures of root s and st ems of angio spermic plant s.
4. To ident ify and comment upon forms included in paper -I & II (Six spot s).
5. Pract ical record.

BOTANY (SUBSIDIARY COURSE)

Time: 3 Hours] [Full Marks: 75
Paper-I (Theory)
Microbio logy, Thallophyt a, Bryophyt a, Pt eridophyt a, Gymno sper ms, Cy t ology,
Genet ics and Economic Bot any.
A tot al of t en quest ions to be set out of which candidat es are required to answer five
quest ions.
1. A general account of bact eria, viruses and t heir economic import ance. Role o f
microbe of in fer ment at ion and nit rogen fixat ion.
2. Struct ure funct ional diagnost ic feat ures of Algae , Fungi and lichens based on
t he t ypes wherever ment ioned. The development al cycles on comparat ive bases
should reflect Evolut ional sequence. The st udent s should be acquained wit h
economic import ance of t hese groups.
Thallophyt a: Algae (Nostoc, Oedogonium, Chara, Vaucheria, Fucus and
Batrachospermum,
Fungi: Albugo, Peziza, Puccinia.)
3. Lichens: General account and e conomic import ance.
4. Struct ure and life hist ory of fo llowing t ypes:
Br yophyt a: Marchantia, Anthoceros and Sphagnum.
Pt eridophyt a: Selaginella, Equisetum and Marselia
Gymnosper ms: Pinus.
5. Cyt ology, Genet ics and plant breeding.
(a) Struct ure of t he cell as seen under E lect ron Microscope.
(b) Mit osis and meiosis.
(c) Struct ure of chro mosome, crossing over and mu t at ion.
(d) Nat ure, St ruct ure and replicat ion of genet ic mat erial (DNA).
6. Economic Bot any: Bot any of under not ed plant s belo nging to t he fo llowing
groups.
(a) Cereals: Wheat , Maize and Rice .
(b) Oils: Must ard, Groundnut , Linseed
(c) Sugars: Sugarcane.
(d) Spices: Coriander , Chili, Tur mer ic.
(e) Beverages: Tea.
(f) Drugs: Rauwolfia.
 (g) Fibers: Cotton and Jut e.

PRACTICAL
Time: 3 Hours] [Full Marks: 25
(Subsidiary Course)
1. Morphological and Struct ural det ails of Algae, Fungi and Br yophyt es included
in t he S yllabus and t heir t emporary st ained Microscopic slide preparat ion.
2. Morphological and Anat omical st udy of Pt eridophyt es/ G ymnosper ms included
in t he S yllabus and t heir microscopic preparat ion (Temporary/ Per manent ).
3. To Ident it y and Comment upon spot s.
4. Class record.
B.Sc. Botany Hons Part II
Paper-III and Paper-IV (Phanerogams)
Time: 3 Hours] [Full Marks: 75
l. Quest ions No. l will be co mpulsor y consist ing of 15 it ems of ob ject ive t ype s
quest ions bot h co ver ing bot h Group A and Group B part s of t he syllabus. The
object ive t ype quest ion will have a st atement and four plausible responses
marked a, b, c and d out of which only one will be t he correct answer.
15 marks
2. Each group (A and B) will have bot h Short answer t ype quest ions and Long
answer t ype quest ions. Candidat es are required to answer bot h t ype of quest ions
in each group.
3. Short answer t ype quest ions will have 8 it ems, out of which 5 it ems are to be
answered preferably in four/five sent ences. 15 x 2 = 30 Marks
4. Long answer t ype quest ions will be of convent ional t ype and one quest ion has
to be answered out of a opt ions provided. 15 x 2 = 30 Marks
Paper-III
Group-A: Gymnosperms
1. Comparat ives st udy of t he morphological, anat omical and embr yo logica l
feat ures of t he fo llowing t exa -Pinus, Taxus, Gnetum.
2. Fossils-Definit ion and scope, cond it ions for fossillizat ion and mo de o f
preservat ion, uses of fossils.
3. Type st udy of Lyginopteris and Cycadeoides.
4. A br ief idea of t he plant fossils o f Bihar.
Group-B: Angiosperm Taxonomy
1. Principles of P lant classificat ion wit h emphasis on mode rn t rends in t axonomy.
2. A knowledge of syst em o f classificat ion of plant proposed by Bent ham and
Hooker, Hut chinson and Cronquist .
3. Rules of Bot anical No menclat ure
4. A comparat ive account of t he diagnost ic fe at ures, relat ionship and economic
import ance of t he fo llowing families :
Ranunculaceae, Cappar idaceae, Car yophyllaceae, Cucur bit aceae, Oxalidaceae,
Rubiaceae, Apocynaceae, Verbenaceae, Acant haceae, La miaceae,
Convo lvulaceae, Scrophular aceae, Amarant haceae, Nyct aginaceae,
Euphorbiaceae, Commelinaceae , Cyperaceae and Poaceae.
Paper-IV
Time: 3 Hours] [Full Marks: 75
 Group-A: Anatomy
1. Meristematic tissue - their structure, distribution and function.
2. Mechanical tissue -their structure, distribution & function.
3. Organization of tissue in relation to environment, (Ecological and Anatomy).
4. Anomalous secondary growth in-Bignonia, Nyctanthes, Achyranthes, Boerhaavia , Tecoma,
Dracaena .
5. Root-stem transition.
Embryology
1. Various development processes in Microsporogenesis, male gametophyte megasporogenesis in
female gametophyte, Endosperm, Embryogenesis.
2. Importance of anther and embryo culture.
Group-B: Applied Botany
1. Use of plants in medicine and idea about important drug yielding plants.
2. Agricultural and horticultural products of Bihar with special reference to oil seeds pulses,
cereals, fruits, fibres and timber especially found in Bihar.
3. Idea of tissue culture with special reference to plant propagation.
4. Utilization of wastes and Biogas resources.

Paper-Ill & IV (Practical)

Time: 4 Hours] [Full Marks: 50
(Phanerograms & Applied Botany)
1. Study of the living and fossil Gymnosperms (Vegetative and reproductive parts).
2. Description and identifications of an angiospermic plant up to genus only from the families
prescribed in the course.
3. Test of carbohydrates, lipids and proteins in oil seeds, pulses, fruits and vegetables.
4. Internal anatomy of primary and secondary (Both normal and abnormal) of angiospermic plant.
5. Comment upon spots (4) from the syllabus.
6. Class Record.
7. Viva-voce .

B. Sc. Part – II BOTANY (GENERAL COURSE)

The examiners are t o set five quest ions fr om each of t he t wo groups out of which t he
candidat es are required t o answer five quest ions att empt ing at least t wo quest ions
fro m each group.
GROUP-A
Plant Physiology and Biochemistry
1. Physio logy o f wat er and mineral absorpt ion.
2. Transpirat ion stomat a movement .
3. Mineral nut r it ion of t he plant s -role of macro nutrient s.
4. Enzymes-Nat ures, mode of act ion fact ors affect ing enzyme act ivit y.
5. Photosynt hesis- Mechanism and Fact ors.
6. Respirat ion aerobic and anaerobic (Glyco lysis. Kreb's cycle a nd elect ron
transport ).
7. Nit rogen met abolism-Nit rat e reduct ion amino acids, Prot ein St ruct ure and t ypes.
S ymbiot ic and assymbiot ic - nit rogen fixat ion.
8. Phyt oho rmones: Auxins and Gibber llin (discover y st ruct ure and role)
9. Growt h-Measurement s, factor s affect ing growt h rule of light , t emperat ure and
humidit y.
10. Movement s-General account .
GROUP-B
MICROBIOLOGY
1. A general account of bact eria, viruses and t heir economic import ance.
2. Role of microbes in agr icult ure and indust r y.
3. lmport ant plant diseases of Bihar. Et iology Sympt oms and cont rol of t he
fo llowing:
(i) Lat e blight of pot ato, (ii) Rust of wheat ,
(iii) Red root of sugarcane, (iv) Tobacco mosaic virus.
PAPER-II (Practical)
Time: 3 Hours] [Full Marks: 25
1. Exper iment s in P lant physio logy and Biochemist r y.
(a) Test for carbohydrat e, prot ein, amino acids and st arch seed.
(b) Compare t ranspirat ion, mesophyt ic and xerophyt ic leaves.
(c) O 2 is evo lved dur ing photosynt hesis.
(d) Compare t he rat e of imbit ion of fat t y and st arch y seed s.
(e) Compare t he rat e of absorpt ion and t ranspirat ion.
(f) Moll’s exper iment .
2. S ymptoms and morbid anat omy o f t he diseases prescr ibed in t he course.
3. Comment upon t he spot s cover ing t he courses of Paper -II.
4. Class record.
Time: 3 Hours] [Full Marks: 75
BOTANY (SUBSIDIARY COURSE)
Paper-II (Theory)
(Angiosperm, Plant Physiology and Environmental Biology)
Ten quest ions are to be set four from Gr oup A & B and t wo from Group C. Out of
which t wo quest ions fro m each A & B Groups and one from Group C are to be
answered.
GROUP-A
1. Angiosperms: (A) Morphology and Taxonomy.
(i) Import ance c lassificat ion of angiosper ms wit h reference syst em of Bent ham &
Hooker and Hut chinson.
(ii) Naming of genus and Species.
(iii) Diagnest ic feat ures affinit ies and economic import ance of t he fo llowing
families-(1) Ranunculaceae (2) Cucurbit aceae (3) Euphor biaceae (4)
Amarant haceae (5) Acant haceae (6) Lamiaceae (7) Apocynaceae (8) Poaceae (9)
Cyperaceae.
2. Anatomy:
(i) Cell st ruct ure and t issue syst ems. (ii) Merist ems. (iii)Root st em t ransit ion.
(iv) Init iat ion and act ivit y of cambium including abnormal behaviour,
Primar y and Secondar y growt h in root s and st ems.
3. Emb ryology: (i) Life cycle of a t ypical flower ing plant based on major event s
in t he development of ant her, Microspore ovule. E mbr yosac fert ilizat ion,
Endosperm, E mbr yo and seed.
GROUP-B
4. Plant Physiology:
i. Wat er relat ion, Absorpt ion of wat er and Salt s
ii. Transpirat ion.
iii. Mineral nut r it ion- Role of major and mino r element .
iv. Enzymes-Nat ure, propert ies & Classificat ion
v. Photosynt hesis- Photophosphorylat ion calvin cycles and fact ors affect ing
Photo-synt hesis.
vi. Translocat ion of Organic subst ances.
vii. Respirt ion- Gyco lysis, Kreb's Cycle and Factors affect ing respirat ion.
viii. Nit rogen met abo lism-Nit rogen fixat ion and Prot ein synt hesis.
GROUP-C
5. Environmental Bi ology:
i. Pollut ion. ii. Soil-T ypes, wat er holding capacit y, reclamat ion.
 iii. P lant communit ies and ecosyst em. iv. Successio n (Hydrosere and Xerosere).

BOTANY PRACTICAL (Sub. Course)

PAPER-II (Practical)
Time: 3 Hours] [Full Marks: 25
1. To comment upon plant Physio logy exper iment ; set up among exper iment
included in t he S yllabus: (a) T/A rat io. (b) Ganong’s P hotomet er - Rat e of
transpir at ion. (c) Farmer's Photomet er - Rat e of t ranspirat ion. (d) Unequa l
tranpirat ion by CaCI 2 , met hod. (e) Oxygen evo lut ion during photosynt hesis.
(f) Rat e of Photosynt hesis by Wilmot t 's bubb ler. (g) Moll’s Exper iment .
(h)Anaerobic respirat ion.
2. Descr ipt ion & Ident ificat ion of t he Plant s out of t he families included in t he
S yllabi:
3. Microsco pic preparat ions of anat omical specimens.
4. To ident ify and comment upon spot s covering t he courses in Paper III.
5. Pract ical record based on class work field st ud ies conduct ed t hrough organized
Bot anical excursio ns will carr y.
B.Sc. Botany Hons Part III
Part III will consist of four papers -Three papers, viz., Paper V, Paper VI and Paper
VII, and one pract ical paper -Paper VIII, each carr ying 100 marks. Each of t he t heory
papers will be of t hree hours durat ion and t he pract ical paper will be of six hours
durat ion.
lnst ructions for each theory paper:
1. The examinees will be required to answer 5 quest ions out of 9 quest ions consist ing
o f one compulsor y object ive t ype quest ion, four quest ions of long answer t ype
fro m Group A and four quest ions of long answer t ype from Group B.
2. The compulsory object ive t ype quest ion (numbered quest ion no. 1) will consist of
20 it ems from bot h part (Group A & Group B) of t he syllabus, and will have a
st at ement and four plausible responses marked a, b, c and d, out of which onl y
one will be t he correct answer.
3. The quest ions asked fro m Group A and Group B separat ely will be of convent ional
lo ng answer t ype and t he examinees will be required to answer t wo quest ions
fro m each group.
PAPER-V
PLANT PHYSIOLOGY & BIOCHEMISTRY
GROUP –A (PLANT PHYSIOLOGY)
1. St ruct ure and composit ion of plasma membr ane, br ief account of ear li er models,
t he fluid mosaic lipoprot ein model.
2. Wat er pot ent ial in t he P lant -diffusio n, Osmosis, Osmot ic relat ions of plant cell,
det erminat ion of wat er pot ent ial.
3. Stomat al regulat ion of t ranspirat ion, Hormonal and Energy dependent hypot hesis.
4. Act ive upt ake of mineral salt s -Ro le of ATPase as a carr ie r and relat ed hypot hesis.
5. Translocat ion of so lut es -pat h, subst ances translocat ed and mechanism
6. Photosynt hesis-Charact er izat ion of Photosyst em I and II; elect ron flow t hrough
Cyclic and Non-cyclic photophosphorylat ions. Calvin Cycle: Hat ch and S lack
Pat hway.
7. Respirat ion- Glyco lysis, Krebs Cycle, Oxidat ive phosphor ylat ion.
8. Phyt ochormones- St ruct ure, mode of act ion and physio logical responses of Auxins,
Gibberellins and Cyt okinins.
9. Physio logy of Flower ing -Photo -periodism, Ro le of phyt ochro mes and Flor igen.
10. Physio logy of t ropic movement s in plant s .

GROUP –B (BIOCHEMISTRY)
1. Physico - Chemical organisat ion and role of Mit ochondria, Chloroplast s,
Ribosomes and Glyo xiso mes in met abo lic pat hways in plant s.
2. Carbohydrates - Struct ure and classificatio n.
3. Lipids - Classificat ion, Biosynt hesis o f lipids, β-oxidat ion of fat t y acids.
4. Proteins - Biosynt hesis of amino acids and prot eins.
5. Enzymes- Nomenclat ure, Classificat io n, Cat alyt ic propert ies, mode of act ion.
6. Out line of t he secondar y plant met abo lit es and t heir role.
PAPER -VI
CYTOGENETICS MOLECULAR BIOLOGY & PLANT BREEDING
GROUP -A: (Cytogenetics)
1. Struct ure and Physico -chemical organizat ion of Eukaryot ic chro mosome wit h
Nucleosome-So leno id Concept ; Polyt ene Chro mo -some and Lampbrush Chromoso me.
2. Different st ages of meiosis and it s significance. 3. Linkage and Crossing Over.
4. Sex Det erminat ion. 5. Cyt oplasmic Inher it ance 6. Chromosomal Aberrat ions
7. Euplo idy and Aneuplo idy, Ro le of Polyplo idy in Evo lut ion and P lant Breeding
8. Mut at ion Molecular Basis, Induct ion and Role in P lant Improvement .

GROUP - B : (Molecular Biology & Plant Breeding)

1. Struct ure, replicat ion and funct ions of DNA and RNA.
2. Genet ic Code. 3. Gene fine st ruct ure and Gene regulat ion.
4. Genet ic Counseling, Genet ics and Cancer, Art ificial synt hesis o f Genes and
Genet ic Engineer ing . 5. Conservat ion of Ger mplasm.
6. Plant Breeding - Object ives o f plant breeding, breeding met hods in self -po llinat ed
and cross-pollinat ed plant s 7. Breeding work done on Rice and Wheat in I ndia.
8. Import ance and scope of st at ist ical met hods in exper iment at ion, St andard Error,
St andard Deviat ion and Chi-Square. Test.
PAPER –VII (Environmental Biology)
GROUP A
1. Ecosyst em and it s concept wit h reference to grassland, freshwat er and forest
ecosyst ems. Product ivit y and Energy Flow - Concept s, met hods of product ivit y
measurement s and energy flow models, Biogeochemical Cycling (Wat er, carbon
and nit rogen Cycles) Ecological P yramids.
2. Populat ion Ecology-Populat ion At tribut es, Populat ion Regulat ion ( r and k
select ion).
3. Qualit at ive and Quant it a t ive Charact erist ics of P lant Communit y.
4. Ecological Successio n, Changes dur ing successio n, t ypes, charact erist ics o f
P ioneer and climax species, Climax concept and st abilit y.
5. Ecological Adapt at ions in Hydrophyt es, Xerophyt es a nd Halophyt es.
6. Ecological Adapt at ions in C 3 , C 4 and CAM Plant s.
GROUP -B
1. Environment al Pollut ion--t ypes (air, water and so il), effect s on plant s, contro l
wit h emphasis on bio logical met hods, cumulat ive effect s on globa l
environment -green house effect , deplet ion of ozone layer.
2. Veget at ional t ypes and Flor ist ic regions of India. 3. Phyt o -geographical Regio ns.
4. Soil Develop ment, soil pr of ile, phys ical, chemical and biological char acter istics of soil.
5. Nat ural Resources-t ypes, Bio mass as a source of energy, non -convent iona l
sources of energy. 6. Principles of conservat ion.
7. Bio logical diversit y and eco lo gical st abilit y, conser vat ion of bio logical diversit y.
8. Br ief account of t he following: - MAB Programme, Biosphere reserves,
Aquacult ure, Wild life management , social forest ry.

PAPER - VIII (PRACTICAL)

PHYSIOLOGY, BIOCHEMISTRY, ENVIRONMENTAL BIOLOGY, CYTOGENETICS
1. Det ect ion of Alkalo ids, st eroids, flavono ids and t annin s. 10 marks
2. Exper iment s on
(i) Osmosis, Diffusio n, Transpirat ion, Photo synt hesis and Respir at ion.
(ii) Separat ion of chloroplast pigment s by paper chromat ography or by solvent s.
20 marks
3. (i) Det erminat ion of minimum size of t he quadrat e by species area curve
met hods- 20 marks.
(ii) Det erminat ion of t he wat er holding capacit y of t he so il. ( iii) Det er minat io n
of frequency and densit y in local flora.
4. (i) St udy o f chromoso mes at different st ages of mit osis/ meiosis by smear and
or squash t echnique- 20 marks.
(ii) Exper iment s on modificat ion of M endelian rat ios wit h t he help of coloured
seeds.
(iii) E masculat ion and po llinat ion t echnique.
5. Viva- voce- 10 marks
6. Class record- 10 marks.
B. Sc. Part – III BOTANY (GENERAL COURSE)
PAPER-I (Theory)
Time: 3 Hours] [Full Marks: 75
The examiners are to set four quest ions from group I and t hree quest ions wit h eac h
fro m group II out of which candidat es are required to answer five quest ions
att empt ing at least one quest ion from each group.
GROUP - I: CYTOGENETICS AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY
1. St ruct ure of t he cell and cell organalles. 2. Mit osis and Meio sis. 3. St ruct ure of
chro mosome (Physical & Chemical). 4. Mendelian laws of inher it ance. 5. Physical
basis of heredit y. 6. St ruct ure, replicatio n and funct ion of DNA and RNA, 7.
Mut at ion.
GROUP - II: ENVIRONMENTAL BIOLOGY
1. Plant communit ies and ecosyst em. 2. Succession (Hydrosere and Xerosere). 3.
Fact ors affect ing veget at ion. 4. Major veget at ional belt of India. 5. Pollut ion.
GROUP -Ill: ECONOMIC BOTANY
1. Forest wealt h of Bihar wit h reference to t imber yielding plant s. 2. Import ant
agr icult ural and hort icult ural product s of Bihar wit h reference to pulse s, oil seeds,
fruit s, sugar cane and veget ables. 3. Uses of plant s in medicine and idea •about
import ant drug yielding plant s of Bihar.
B.sc. Botany General Course
PAPER-II (Practical)
Time: 3 Hours] [Full Marks: 25
1. Ecological adapt at ions in Hydrophyt es xerophyt es, Mesophyt es, Parasit es and
Epiphyt es. 2. St udy of pH of different types of soil wit h t he help of pH met er. 3.
St udy of different st ages of mit osis and meiosis. 4. Comment upon t he sport s (5). 5.
Pract ical records