tgpect of Vovious Sctovs on fatfgue strength % efpect_of Strens concentration > Sotfgye stvergin is reduced by introduction F eves VoVseHS (hot ch/hele) StavPace, YoUghness, povosity, > for anotched specimen; (a) Thute 7s a increased concentration of atvess eset (2) The stress ee is setup from ‘root to center. (3) The trixial stake of Strens > Ky the vatfo maximum (Fzq)t0 nominal (rom). U5 (grress conc. Factor) Ky rin /or oe > the effect of notch on the fatigue strength i determined by plotiing wa SN Cwtve. Bor notched % uniotched SHHPace specimen. —> The egecttunen s of notch fn decreasing fatigue strength /timit ] Sn expressed by : Fattqe e-ghvengthn Reduction factor / Sail 5 ! ) seo Wy = Fatigue mit of unnotched gpecitst\. fatigue Limit of notched speci. aa \__, @notenaype — @ stress sul. @ motutiok @ nading condition. —> Wey Notch- senbiffvitey factor @) Fattque strength q = Ment Y=0 (wo reduction Met 7228 CC Sige yn 9+ (eenpumence: “my yr = ——~ pnneated 4 v —— Ajurmintum aloy Y (notch vadius) * Size etfect > From. the Experiments , tf wats Wnown thot vouge spins have tow fatigue limit than bmatl. > changing the ize of fatigue ppecinun ,susutt-s in vasfatfon of kes factovs ; (D Se D, ice $A, the change in amount. Surface ub oH anignificance , since fatigue failure Starts from Surface. (2) Ploin /Wotched specimen unde Loading, ah DI, Stress qvodient ++ and fncreates volume f mokeiag which “ts Stregsed, ~ From Expeatment, the specfmun usin notch har o Effect of Fatfgue whn D is Por bb. (atress qyadéens) > The Approsch to Size emfect har been made 4 Weibull statistics. * Surface effects % Fatigue L> Suvface Roughnibs — Different Surface ftnishe> produced by digget uasnwon Process Can affect Patgue (mit. © ~> Smooth polished specimen produce high fatfoue limit. —> the Cove fauli, produced polished ppecimen sed for Besing ave Par baystte properties , change in SuY atfgue p x har ds % stronger Pawouvable /ic fati> small grain size, improuy fatigue Mb'8tonye Create move GB, which act oh barrier to Crack propagatvon. “> whi crack encounter GB, FF can be daftected op Lunted, thud retording TF growth, i 0 2 ‘es ‘es f Le Bome orientation ¢ grain usithin Polycns i ne matutfal be prone to crac initiasfon & prefageton zs “t mmotwfats comntst mattiple phave>, Such ar & ‘and p phabes. in Htantum alloy, Le pietrvibution of thuse. phaped can agect the fa yung tance. % a ~ >A unfgcr ditefbiion may promote crack dlc and incyease Fedigue. Life. — inclubfon 2 Deects L> Prevence of fnolutfons, void or offer an ot ah Stebs concentyators , hoding to localized styens concentration and iniffation AH Fatigue Crack, —> Phane trans b>Some matuufas undat phabe tyontformation Y p which can inguive fatig ue. +> Shape palloy® exthibit unique fakique vebporve due osc stuc a cigargorsion fatigue Le matetial Ela afee both Cyclic eel corrosion acts gimuHancount Lo aerladn vo osbeey + cbt il ab compared to fatigue ov Goyrosion alone. L> Mechantam ~ Ly wun cydl ic sending {initiated the pits produced ve acls ab U atyers concentrator, thub, Crack atch napidiy. i nation slyws and corrosion di feadn to ovechavatedl crack propagation. tors Affec i e b covrostus, enulronment & laa < corrosiut envivonmmnt —yaome factors PH, hui ee te auch. of mricrostractent % neice ene mero reputed UT, a set givens Juul accelarass the iniHfasfon by doadking, Srequmneyys se ae Ly Detectfon + Prevention > (orcosion fasigus 49 Kautt to dutect, ab it occurs bentath tne material Surface. —Thub, NDT method may be woe. — for prevention , he ee +o reduce stvebs Cone: protective cooting- eS ae Coryosten yeststant matetfal.PaNbion ‘an sumour matufat ieyoscopic piftemp Axpormaton hibit unique dip be hausou sxoom temp! pymation produce urformty bpace rmation confinuth tee yy Lt temptMechanism of Creep deformation. % Dislocation Glide Ss dislocations mouth the wslip plane and owsicoming the bavviest Peete tinue Sy Creep mate “Uda. functfon of renistance ofsoud to diblocation => At elurvated tempt, dislocation aide can be aidsd by atomic Aigpuston. 3 dibtocafion mow » HE Creakeh vacantien Tn thu. Crystal Jatifee bet tam > tne canbe | fiad by nufgbbouting atome that mous iguson, S> The. mowment diplocatfon allows th matutfal cto contfnuquals| adjont Tn ohade to accomodale “® fo Fu applied stems, Ol % Dislocation Creep = onus by Aiblocatfon glide ansisted vacancy, diffusion. => Be & According 40 the i orowan + 4 mee ea Supreneats a bakarice between 4) ast dint h= Ye) the raters mal esting Con at 2 To have. aad eeu vate 5 ae slow. ee Cae) a oe /2e) Ze At chunked dimpt., tf gliding dr huld upby the obstacle, a dbmath amount clim Sutmount 2 the gute sbiep produces almost all the train, wheuar climb dteps Juduces velocity. obstacle.dilocation dimb Ssuqui o oie de atomfe Atffupton re atomic. digqusion, the Contralng Zs thin moc! giur the poweH Jaw. relatfon, q xg viggusfon Crap ze beconun comtrotling mechanlsm ak igh Tempt. and Jou stress, Z> Nabarro-Herving Cveep Le Creep process UO Controlled a atrena divected atomic diggusion. Ly undist strenses, TUL dip an ana 4 from grain ee which is 1 to ae to ge which Ws, Ai- y ; Ses divectfon. Le HOU, x Burs late diggusion corysiefent ees, gpeain fart tox. “Zs tble Creep beak low mrt. qd A fuusion predominaséis. sn é. * a Ze qe aiqquoton cong tent. Coble Creep —> low +tempevatuve. => fine grain — dtyurfon Fovough grain.L> shea, procwss which occurs in the diveckfon Fab, Ls yetatfu. mourment 4 indiufdsad graing atone their fntstface bounct ay. Le At elated ctimpt., 4 und constant 6 hres, qb con begin to slide part eachother. Ly thi uplifting supiuts from the dlygunton of atoms eto athe gyvain 9 bound ation , uokich allows try grainte ¢ change thity velatfue motion. to ge “ —— $ Aten Seyerenatt on. * Gyatn peer yee ah Fracture at Clevated Temperahive * Rosenhain & Swen » metals und tonsition from ‘tvangvanulon failure to Intergranular Reituve ob the temperakuu i enereaned. 4% Tronngronyhan Proctitt —=-0k dow dsmmpt. => Fractone path propagases tHoUgh the individual grains ep matutios, > The Siip plorup ae. Weaker than the grain boundert oe Intergvonulon Froctone 2, os pe gh tempt —> Fractusie path propagates thvough ‘ne boundary of yom’. —> Groin boundaries ave weater than slip planed.ey Gute cohniue Temp: (ec), by Tinta. Ly The dimperatwu at whfoh Grain 4 grain ‘boundavfes haw. equal Sache > Eve, Cerys, Imeveand the Fatoxpranuton factue, > abou. eer; rmatsifal with f} ee Soe iin huttatfor ee ie Inv tim thd stoge of creep, tne mucteation # growth of grain. boundavy voids and Cracks ocuvs af an Heees vate. Z Tao iyper 4 intergvanutos Crack occuvs; > wedge shaped Cel-tyre? Sei i aes. for May, shat. ae bY They initfal buy grin boundony stieing ee > Bound /eltiptfeal_cautttie Cv-type) Ls Inffaded fh the in bound ay Ahad ant alfred| | , Prannition (tig) util > Wigio erasins _,low energy cbsorbed _—_dbacroh & ——— ie J ' mt . A Vitle ov no plantic Syphon pia tic e dijormation Ayformation eae, chotpy fmpatt Aut dn uned do study abou. phinorna ° — Impact ene = Ener ish eines duvin Impact ue Ss oge freee nergy (2) = gh ~mgh¢ O2%C EEA 100 R00 (%c)T Ductle to Byitle Tronsition Ternpr (Ther) o siveng FCT) a eee Y 5 ava beyore \ Plasite de AeA RCE te Mee tN eee Shon function of Cpuctfle) Tost le \anpition kumpt. 2s toeven M0 Duct — >in rears Brittenns ne. transition tempttyoin Fryackune ‘tou gh rth Meapunemen! STM - 2399 Cmetattfe maluttalh) Proctuve toughnins undut predominan ty \ntan-elan tie ffon 4= qu ee at each potnt should dower than fy 7 x load at each point highut than the Ro Pe re Type e+ il 4 gyi tal store 7 0 A 2» alope 4 elontic \ine. Of, ’s 2» secant line (45% of 9A) > Pd cusute db smooth and duuiats befor. steachleg to maximum fee => Rafe spitfad blot po =z asmatl amount of unstable Crack rash ero 2 Py = Pop-t p-in load. (%>R) Ato\ SIRE”Ne ea) Proufafonal rach toughniss Be io Ma. she > US < %, < 0.55 = Ba z ea Yay —>Fmax S 4.1 Pe “7 4F obour criteria. dn not vated , thickrubs hando be intreancd. stress _fuphuve Test > hres re db carried oar an osteo the Creep test. at 0 streps Awl, untif the wpecimin fails and the time otal mond. os > Fuptwu vivengte and faftwu time ant noted 4 plotted. changing blope, india. btructwial in materfat ; $ fis xi > inlevgranulon gvackwu. be oxidatfon Ly Recrystalltsatfon we grain grouth.Creep tet HHS Ruphwu. ten | load tow loa hight stress (veep Yate minimum Creep Yate hight Creep rate, Tent pevfod 2000 — 10000 hy s000hy Toial strain 0.5% so% 2 Structustal changes 1) Deformation a blip “> move 4lip sypotem activates at highey tempt Ls aifp bandh ane Coavse4 slr Spaced ‘ 2% Subg natn formation L> beep 8yox mation producer Tmhomogent avaund ge > cd diblocation fo osstange “thimbetuts ‘nto low angle OB. . 3) G@rafn_Boundavy slfdi : 6ax Wgn. Lytle fotlgut S> Strain 25 glasife Dee Sy Stress low% tow Cycle fertigue - 2s Strafn —zs €p > shreas_ hh D> Wee Coffin- Manson Eq Pat ig (28) = ECO “a> Bale effent of mean steers on fablgue_ hc OR< | Nie NL Ns | J WenNs Ng Ry < Ra < Ra SRy Ny surface conaition Ste 25 Wee | ac Meat eet Zs He 7 | Ke -4 amc co %. 4 el ‘ 7 =0