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3.1 Newton's Laws of Motion

Question Paper
Course CIE AS Physics

Section 3. Dynamics
Topic 3.1 Newton's Laws of Motion
Difficulty Medium
Time allowed: 90
Score: /71
Percentage: /100
Page 1 of 14
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Question 1a
Fig. 1.1 shows a stone block being pulled up a slope at a constant speed by a cable attached to an electric motor.
Fig. 1.1
The slope is inclined at an angle of 17° with the horizontal. The mass of the block is 250 kg and the tension T in the cable of 1.2
kN.
On Fig. 1.1, draw and label the forces acting on the block.
[4 marks]
Question 1b
With reference to the motion of the block, discuss whether the block is in equilibrium.
[2 marks]
Question 1c
The total resistive force R acting on the box is constant throughout its motion on the slope.
Calculate the magnitude of the resistive force R.
Page 2 of 14
[4 marks]
Question 1d
The cable connecting the block to the electric motor abruptly breaks.
Calculate the acceleration of the block.
[3 marks]
Question 2a
A man with a mass of 65 kg stands in an elevator. The elevator initially accelerates uniformly for 1.8 s followed by a period of a
constant velocity of 2.5 m s–1 and then a final uniform deceleration for 1.8 s.
Calculate the magnitude of the reaction force on the man from the elevator floor during the time it takes the elevator to come
to rest.
[4 marks]
Page 3 of 14
Question 2b
The man uses the elevator again to travel to a lower floor. The elevator descends at the same speed and comes to rest in the
same time as in (a).
Calculate the reaction force on the man from the elevator floor during the time it takes to come to rest on the floor below.
[3 marks]
Question 2c
Suggest and explain during the deceleration period, which direction of elevator travel would make the man feel
(i)
lighter
[2]
(ii)
heavier
[2]
[4 marks]
Page 4 of 14
Question 2d
In a stroke of bad luck, the elevator cable snaps and it falls freely under gravity. During the fall, the man experiences a sense of
weightlessness.
Explain, using appropriate laws of motion, why the man feels a sense of weightlessness in this situation.
[3 marks]
Question 3a
Newton’s third law refers to pairs of forces.
For a pair of forces that obey Newton's third law, describe:
(i)
one similarity between them
[1]
(ii)
one difference between them.
[1]
[2 marks]
Page 5 of 14
Question 3b
Two blocks A and B are joined by a string and rest on a frictionless horizontal table as shown in Fig. 1.1. A force of 200 N is
applied horizontally on block B.
Fig. 1.1
Block A has a mass of 3.0 kg and block B has a mass of 7.0 kg.
(i)
Using Fig. 1.1, identify all Newton's third law force pairs acting on box B.
[4]
(ii)
Calculate the acceleration of the blocks.
[3]
[7 marks]
Page 6 of 14
Question 3c
The string is removed from the blocks. Block A slides along the horizontal frictionless surface towards block B, which is
stationary, as illustrated in Fig. 1.2.
There are no resistive forces acting on block A as it moves towards block B. At time t = 0, block A has a velocity of 0.20 m s−1.
A short time later, the blocks collide and then separate.
The variation with time t of the momentum of block B is shown in Fig. 1.3.
Use Fig. 1.3 to describe, without calculation, the magnitude of the acceleration of block B from:
(i)
time t = 80 to 100 ms
[1]
(ii)
time t = 100 to 120 ms.
[1]
[2 marks]
Page 7 of 14
Question 3d
Use Fig. 1.3 to determine
(i)
the time interval over which the blocks are in contact with each other
[1]
(ii)
the magnitude of the force exerted by block A on block B
[2]
(iii)
the speed of A after the collision.
[3]
[6 marks]
Page 8 of 14
Question 4a
A student uses a motion sensor connected to a laptop to investigate the motion of a hollow ball of mass 1.5 × 10–2 kg falling
through the air.
The ball is dropped from rest. It reaches terminal velocity before it reaches the ground.
The upthrust on the ball is negligible.
Explain briefly why the acceleration of the ball
(i)
decreases with time
[2]
(ii)
is 9.8 m s–2 initially.
[1]
[3 marks]
Page 9 of 14
Question 4b
The variation with time t of the velocity v of the ball as it falls towards the ground is shown in Fig. 1.1.
(i)
Use Fig. 1.1 to determine the magnitude of the acceleration of the ball at time t = 0.25 s.
[3]
(ii)
Calculate the resultant force acting on the ball at time t = 0.25 s.
[2]
[5 marks]
Page 10 of 14
Question 4c
Use your answers in (b) to determine the drag on the ball at time t = 0.25 s.
[3 marks]
Question 4d
The student adds a small amount of sand inside the hollow ball and repeats the experiment. The ball is dropped from rest and
reaches terminal velocity before it reaches the ground.
(i)
Describe how the forces acting on the ball filled with sand at v = 0.50 m s–1 compare with the forces acting on the hollow ball
at this speed.
[2]
(ii)
State and explain how the terminal velocity of the ball filled with sand will differ from the terminal velocity of the hollow ball.
[3]
[5 marks]
Page 11 of 14
Question 5a
A cyclist carries out tests on the braking system of their bicycle.
At time t = 0 the cyclist is travelling at an initial speed of u as they apply the brakes and come to a stop at time t = 2.0 s.
Fig. 1.1 shows the variation of the braking force F on the bicycle with time t.
Use Newton’s second law of motion to explain the physical quantity represented by the area under the graph shown in Fig.
1.1.
[2 marks]
Question 5b
The total mass of the cyclist and bicycle is 82 kg.
Use Fig. 1.1 to calculate the initial speed u.
[3 marks]
Page 12 of 14
Question 5c
Complete Fig. 1.2 to show the variation of the speed of the bicycle from t = 0 to t = 2.0 s.
Fig. 1.2
[2 marks]
Page 13 of 14
Question 5d
Brakes testing is a crucial part of the manufacturing process of any vehicle.
A train manufacturer wants to determine the effect of a rapid deceleration on passengers riding their new model of train.
Four crash test dummies are placed on different seats on the train as shown in Fig. 1.3. During the test, the train travels at a
high speed in the direction shown and after a time, the brakes are applied. Seat belts are not used on trains.
With reference to at least one of Newton’s laws of motion, discuss which seat, A−D, is the safest for a passenger to be sitting
on in the event of a rapid deceleration.
You may assume that the seats all remain fixed firmly to the floor and do not break.
[4 marks]
Page 14 of 14

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3.1 Newton's Laws of Motion

Course CIE AS Physics

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