Roll-to-Roll Manufacturing - 2018 - Greener - Index

10.1002/9781119163824.index, Downloaded from https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/9781119163824.index by CAPES, Wiley Online Library on [05/02/2023]. See the Terms and Conditions (https://onlinelibrary.wiley.
com/terms-and-conditions) on Wiley Online Library for rules of use; OA articles are governed by the applicable Creative Commons License
397
Index
a b
Abbe refractometer 97, 98 backup roll repeaters 38
active matrix liquid crystal displays baggy web 157
(AMLCDs) 286 BaTiO3 orientation particles in
active matrix organic light‐emitting electric field
diode (AMOLED) 287, 318 aligned composite 378
18″ AMOLED FPD 311–312 concentration effect on alignment
barrier layer structure and 374–375
performance testing 306 DC voltages 372–373
bending reliability 308–309 dielectric constant 377
functionality 305–307 dielectric loss 377
G Flex smartphone 310–311 dielectrophoretic force 372
market outlook 305 electrode polarization 379
OLED lighting panels 309–310 electrophoretic deposition 372
OLED material patterning 308 ITO‐coated PET belt 371
separating TFTs from a carrier order parameter 375
substrate 308 orientation factor 375
air bar 56 Z‐direction properties 376
airfoils 55 bendable aerogels 271–273
aliphatic polyesters 177 bending recovery (BR) see core‐set curl
AMOLED see active matrix organic Bernoulli nozzle 56
light‐emitting diode (AMOLED) Bernoulli’s equation 55
18″ AMOLED FPD 311–312 biaxially oriented PET (BOPET) 113
amorphous silicon solar cells 325–326 biaxially oriented polypropylene
ancillary layers 2, 13, 15 (BOPP) 113
anisotropic optical transmittance of Ni/ “bimetal” effect 248
PS film 384 blocking 8, 13, 43
antistatic layer 2, 14 Boogie Board 318
atomic layer deposition (ALD) 116, Boogie Board eWriter 296–297
130–133 bubble jet system 333–334
Roll-to-Roll Manufacturing: Process Elements and Recent Advances, First Edition.

Edited by Jehuda Greener, Glen Pearson, and Miko Cakmak.
© 2018 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Published 2018 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
10.1002/9781119163824.index, Downloaded from https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/9781119163824.index by CAPES, Wiley Online Library on [05/02/2023]. See the Terms and Conditions (https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/terms-and-conditions) on Wiley Online Library for rules of use; OA articles are governed by the applicable Creative Commons License
398 Index
c distribution 22
cantilevered roller mounting styles 150 wetting 20–21
cascade defect 29 hardware
CdTe solar cells 326 pre‐metered coating 24–27
cellulose acetate (CA) 230 self‐metered coating (see
cellulose nitrate film 4 self‐metered coating)
charge transfer complexes (CTC) 211 methods 19–20
ChCLD see cholesteric liquid crystal selection of
displays (ChCLD) attributes of 39–41
chemical vapor deposition (CVD) cockle 42
process 116 open porous materials 39
Chilton–Colburn analogy 45, 46 procedure 42–43
cholesteric liquid crystal displays vacuum deposition, growth markets
(ChCLD) 318 133–136
Industrial Technology Research coefficient of thermal expansion
Institute of Taiwan 294–296 (CTE) 172
Kent Displays, Inc. cold zone annealing (CZA) 390
alternative color films 301–305 constant transfer efficiency 38
flexible eWriter liquid crystal continuous inkjet systems 333
film 296 converting step 5, 6, 7, 10, 259
fundamental science 297–300 conveyance roller 5, 225
roll‐to‐roll manufacturing 300–301 core damage 8, 13
pitch 294 core‐set curl 8
wavelength bandwidth 294 cellulose acetate 230
clamshell construction 26 core‐set recovery of CA film 230–231
clay particles orientation in electric field core‐set recovery of PET film 230, 232
dielectric permittivity and dielectric effective compressive–tensile shift
loss 370 factor 228
electric field setup 367–368 effect of core diameter 243, 245
electrode polarization 371 effect of storage temperature 243, 246
electron microscopy 369 effect of temperature 233–234
flexible‐oriented clay nanocomposite effect of winding mode 243, 245
film 368–369 effect of winding time 233–234
ITO‐coated PET film 367 hydrophilic and hygroscopic
nanocomposites 371 materials 235
roll‐to‐roll processing equipment instantaneous core‐set curl vs. winding
367–368 time 230
surface energy 368 localized schematic strain history 238
WAXS patterns 369 normal and reverse rewinding 239
clean‐on‐demand film 114 normalized relaxation modulus of
Cloisite 30B organoclay 99 unaged PET film 241
Coanda effect 56 Poisson’s ratio 228
coat hanger cavities 26 polyethylene terephthalate 230
coatings qualitative stress and strain histories
fundamentals 227–228
coating window 22–24 radial position function 240
Index 399
rewinding modes 239 qualitative stress and strain histories

rolled storage times 246 227–228
schematic multistep R2R process radial position function 240
flow 240 rewinding modes 239
strain distribution 227 rolled storage times 246
strain function 227 schematic multistep R2R process
tensile and compressive relaxation flow 240
moduli 228 strain distribution 227
tensile–compressive shift factor 229 strain function 227
tensile relaxation moduli 229 tensile and compressive relaxation
time‐dependent modulus 242 moduli 228
time‐temperature shift factor 247 tensile–compressive shift
viscoelastic parameters for PET film factor 229
241–242 tensile relaxation moduli 229
viscoelastic properties 226 time‐dependent modulus 242
Volterra integral equation 229 time‐temperature shift factor 247
winding conditions for sensitivity viscoelastic parameters for PET
analysis 241–242 film 241–242
winding direction 226 viscoelastic properties 226
winding event 243–244 Volterra integral equation 229
curl effects winding conditions for sensitivity
core‐set curl analysis 241–242
cellulose acetate 230 winding direction 226
core‐set recovery of CA film winding event 243–244
230–231 curl mechanisms and curl mitigation
core‐set recovery of PET film strategies 247–249
230, 232 edge lift 226
effective compressive–tensile shift microelectronics and display
factor 228 components 225
effect of core diameter 243, 245 physical aging effects
effect of storage temperature characteristic time‐aging time shift
243, 246 factor 235
effect of temperature 233–234 effective relaxation time 235
effect of winding mode 243, 245 instantaneous core‐set curl for PET
effect of winding time 233–234 film vs. pre‐aging time 236
hydrophilic and hygroscopic instantaneous core‐set curl for PET
materials 235 film vs. winding time 235–236
instantaneous core‐set curl vs. instantaneous core‐set curl vs.
winding time 230 pre‐aging time 237
localized schematic strain “rolled” annealing 237
history 238 Poisson effect 226
normal and reverse rewinding 239 transverse direction 226
normalized relaxation modulus of curtain coating 21
unaged PET film 241 cutting 7, 8, 13, 159, 161, 163, 166, 172,
Poisson’s ratio 228 293, 301, 313
polyethylene terephthalate 230 cyclopentanone (CP) 88–90
400 Index
d drying curve 50–52

dancer control 153, 154 E‐beam curing 49
dead shaft mounting styles 150, 151 infrared drying 48
defect management solidification method 43–44
characterize defects 58 UV curing 48–49
defect naming 58 drying process of polymer solutions
online defect characterization systems concentration and temperature
58–59 profiles 77–78
troubleshooting concentration profiles of the solvent
contamination 59 74, 75
deterioration of coating line diffusion‐limited stages 68–71
equipment 60 evaporation‐limited stage 68, 70–71
drying‐induced defects 60 Ludwig–Soret effect 75
inadequate design of coating line mass and heat diffusion 75, 78
equipment 60 non‐isothermal mass diffusion 80
inadequate operating procedures one‐dimensional diffusion problem
and training 61 68, 69, 71–72
key variables 61 real‐time tracking
liquid coating quality 60 measurement system 80–84
substrate deficiencies 40–41, 59–60 optical gradient during evaporation
unsuitable coating method 60 of solvent 97–99
web handling system 61 organoclay and graphene oxide, PAI/
design for manufacturability (DFM) 149 DMAc solution 99–103
diagramming losses 13 PMDA‐ODA/NMP solution 91–97
die bolts 26 polyetherimide/NMP 102–105
die cavities 26 polyimide/DMF solution 84–91
dielectrophoresis 366–367 Roehner’s model 67, 68
differential offset gravure 37, 38 solvent–solvent–polymer systems 78
differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) solvent weight fraction 73
174, 175 ternary polymer solutions 79
direct gravure 37 thermodynamic variables 76
displacement guide 158 Vrentas–Duda free volume theory
doctor blades 33 74, 79
doctored coating method 22, 31 drying stress 248, 249
DoD inkjet system 333–334 Dunouy ring 20
draw/speed control 152–153 duplex winder 165, 166
driven rollers 150 dynamic nip impression techniques
drying and curing 155, 156
hardware dynamic wetting 20–21
conduction 52, 53 dyne pens 20
convection 52, 54–56
IR drying 56 e
principles edge effects 13, 82
coupled mass and energy transfer electromagnetic processing line
44–48 364–365
dielectric drying 49 electrophoresis 366
Index 401
electrophoretic displays challenges in migrating to

function 312–313 roll‐to‐roll 287–292
manufacturing 314–315 thinner display architectures
structure 313–314 286–287
electrospinning/solution casting hybrid flexible flat panel displays (FDPs) 318
machine 262–263 application of electrode 293
extrusion coating 25–27 cover layer/encapsulation 293
extrusion film casting 173 electro‐optic layer 293
flexible substrate 292–293
f integration and test 293
FDPs see flexible flat panel displays singulation 293
(FDPs) flexible glass 114, 251
festoon dryers 54 flexible hydrogels
field‐assisted self‐assembly of fiber effect 276, 278
nanocomposite films fiber embedding efficiency 276
electric field alignment 365 mechanical properties 274
dielectrophoresis 366–367 morphology of reinforced PVA
electrophoresis 366 films 274–275
orienting BaTiO3 particles in electric nanofiberreinforced PVA thin
field 371–379 films 279
orienting clay particles in electric physical crosslinking 274
field 367–371 polyvinyl alcohol 273
magnetic field alignment 379–386 schematic of the experimental
multiphase composite procedure 276–277
connectivity 363 soft polyurethane nanofiber
process overview 364–365 network 274
thermal gradient 386–392 soft skeleton 274
film base 3 surface morphology 276–279
film casting 173 flexible substrate industry
first‐generation PV cells 325 moisture and gases and planarization
flat panel displays (FPDs) 285–286 requirements 214–219
flexible displays thermal properties 211–214
application of electrode 293 transparency 211
cover layer/encapsulation 293 flexible substrates 171
electro‐optic layer 293 flexographic printing 330–331
flexible substrate 292–293 flexography 2
integration and test 293 Flory–Huggins interaction parameter 74
roll‐to‐roll display technologies footprints repeater 38
active matrix organic light‐emitting 70 ft roll‐to‐roll (R2R) processing line 364
diode displays 305–312 functional layer 1–3, 7, 8, 13, 172,
cholesteric liquid crystal displays 218, 219, 248, 285, 334–336,
294–305 343–346, 349
electrophoretic displays 312–315
microfluidic displays 315–317 g
singulation 293 gap winder 165
thin and flexible substrates 285–286 γ‐butyrolactone (GBL) 88, 89
402 Index
G Flex smartphone 310–311 hybrid composite films

glass R2R process bendable aerogels 271–273
dimensional stability/stiffness electrospinning/solution casting
252, 253 hybrid machine 262–263
handling considerations 258 flexible hydrogels
hermeticity 253, 254 fiber effect 276, 278
history of rolled glass, Corning fiber embedding efficiency 276
251–252 mechanical properties 274
impact 254–256 morphology of reinforced PVA
line speed 256 films 274–275
optical transmission 252, 253 nanofiberreinforced PVA thin
packaging and shipping considerations films 279
258–259 physical crosslinking 274
process isolation and web conveyance polyvinyl alcohol 273
256–257 schematic of the experimental
spooling requirements 257 procedure 276–277
stress and web path geometry 257 soft polyurethane nanofiber
surface roughness 253, 254 network 274
thermal stability 253 soft skeleton 274
graphene oxide (GO) loading surface morphology 276–279
99–103 manufacturing line 262–263
gravure coaters modes of operation 264
bands 34, 35 solution coating process 261
configurations of 32 transparent electrically conductive
direct and differential 37 films 265–271
doctor blade chatter 34, 35 hybrid IR/Coanda bar nozzle 56, 57
doctor blade configurations 33, 35
doctored coating method 31 i
engraved cell patterns 36, 37 impingement nozzles 54
film splitting defects 38 indium tin oxide (ITO) 113
hybrid coating method 32 Industrial Technology Research Institute
laser‐engraved ceramics 36 of Taiwan 294–296
nomenclature 32, 33 inkjet printing 2, 333–334
open pan 32–34 free‐form organic solar cells 346
pickout model 38 OPV modules 345
pressurized gravure 33 in‐line vacuum deposition see vacuum
prototypical defect 38 deposition
ratio 37 in situ electrospun nanofiber‐reinforced
RotoFlow patterns 36 aerogel/xerogel film 272
transfer efficiency model 38 IOne process 344
gravure printing 331
k
h Kent Displays, Inc.
hole nozzles 54 alternative color films 301–305
hybrid coating method 32 flexible eWriter liquid crystal film 296
Index 403
fundamental science 297–300 n

roll‐to‐roll manufacturing nanocomposite films, field‐assisted
300–301 self‐assembly of
Kevlar® polyaramide 27 electric field alignment 365
kiss gravure 38 dielectrophoresis 366–367
knife over roll coating technique 330 electrophoresis 366
orienting BaTiO3 particles in electric
l field 371–379
laminar flow 52, 54
orienting clay particles in electric
LCD Fab Production Rate 288–289
field 367–371
LCD/semiconductor photolithography
magnetic field alignment 379–386
patterning process 287–288
multiphase composite
line speed 6, 7, 9–11, 14, 15, 23,
connectivity 363
26, 31, 32, 38, 111, 124, 137,
process overview 364–365
165, 237, 249, 256, 329,
thermal gradient 386–392
338, 345
nano‐patterning method 2
live shaft mounting styles 150, 151
Ni/PS composite film, resistivity of 383
load cell control 154
N‐methyl‐2‐pyrrolidone (NMP) 88, 89,
loose defects 163
102–105
low explosion limit (LEL) 14
N,N‐dimethylformamide (DMF)
low speed reverse roll coating 29
solutions 84–89, 91
Ludwig–Soret effect 75
m o
Marangoni instability 66 one‐sided air floatation nozzle 55
Martin correlation 46, 47 Onsager matrix 80
Mayer rod coating 29–31 open‐loop torque control 153
mechano‐optical techniques 174 open pan coating 32, 34
melt‐cast polymer substrates optical films 1, 257
polyesters 174–176 organic light‐emitting diodes
polyethylene 176, 177 (OLED) 253
polyolefins 176 organic photovoltaics (OPV)
polypropylene 176, 177 advantages of 326
PVDF 176 device architecture of organic solar
uni/biaxial stretching 174 cells 334, 335
metal foils 172 objectives 334
Microcup® imaging film manufacturing R2R manufacturing
314–315 electrode materials, printing and
microfluidic displays coating of 339–341
function 315–316 environmental impact 347
structure 316 geometrical fill factor 341, 342
technology 316–317 laser patterning 341–342
microgravure coating 32 OPV modules 341–342
micro‐patterning method 2, 6 technology assessment 336–339
microwave drying 49 organoclay loading 99–103
404 Index
orientation‐induced crystallization 176 biaxial stretching 178

original equipment manufacturers laboratory‐scale uniaxial 178
(OEMs) 161 multiaxial film processing 178, 179
PET 178
p process–structure–property
pan‐fed reverse roll coaters 27, 28 relationships
parallel turbulent flow 54 PEI 190–196
patterned functional layers 2 PEN 196–206
peelable‐clean‐surface film 114 PET (see polyethylene terephthalate
PEN see polyethylene naphthalate (PEN) (PET))
perovskite solar cells (PSCs) 326 semicrystalline polymers 179
certified record efficiency of 348 polyetherimide (PEI)/NMP solution
device architectures 347, 348 102–104
electrode sheet resistance 349 polyethylene naphthalate (PEN) 112
fabrication challenges 351–352 birefringence study 200, 201
low‐cost potential of 349 chemical structure of 178
scalable processing techniques dynamic phase diagram for 205, 207
350–351 model structure development 200, 201
tin‐and lead‐based, environmental molecular‐level dispersion of 199
impacts of 352 nanoplatelets and naphthalene
ultrasonic spray coating 350 204, 205
PET see polyethylene terephthalate (PET) naphthalene planes 198
photovoltaic (PV) technologies 325–326 PEN‐rich ternary blends 202, 203
physical aging effects 248 ternary blend compositions 202
characteristic time‐aging time shift thermal properties of 199, 200
factor 235 true stress–true strain 205, 206
effective relaxation time 235 uneven thickness distribution
instantaneous core‐set curl for PET 198, 199
film vs. pre‐aging time 236 WAXD patterns 196, 197, 200, 201
instantaneous core‐set curl for PET yield stress and the draw stress
film vs. winding time 235–236 200, 201
instantaneous core‐set curl vs. polyethylene terephthalate (PET)
pre‐aging time 237 113, 230
“rolled” annealing 237 biaxially oriented films 187
physical vapor deposition (PVD) chemical structure of 178
128–129 creep strain 189, 190
pinhole/pin window 117 deformation types 186, 187
plasma‐enhanced CVD (PECVD) high deformation samples 185, 186
process 116 intermediate deformation levels
plastic films 172 184, 185
poly(etherimide) (PEI) 190–196 long‐term creep strains 189
poly(amide‐imide) (PAI)/DMAc low orientation and crystallinity
solution 97 184, 185
polyester films mechano‐optical behavior of LPET
aliphatic polyesters 177 186, 188
Index 405
rubbery state stretching roll‐to‐roll (R2R) processing

temperatures 182 benefits of 327
simultaneous biaxially stretched description 326
films 181 solution‐based, benefits of 329
stress optical behavior of 180, 181 substrates for
WAXD patterns 182, 183 metal foil 327–328
polyimide/CP solution 90, 91 PEN and PET 328–329
polyimide/DMAc solutions 90 plastic substrates 328–329
polyimide/N,N‐dimethylformamide polymer foil 328
solutions 84–91 selection of 327
polyimides 207–210 stainless steel 328
polymer‐dispersed liquid crystal roll‐to‐roll production line 1, 2, 5
(PDLC) 289 RotoFlow patterns 36
polymer substrates 112–114 R2R manufacturing technology 3, 4
pre‐metered coating 22, 24 R2R operation
extrusion 25–27 blocking 8
slot die 25 converting steps 5, 6
pressurized gravure 33 core damage 8
primer 2, 27 core‐set curl effect 8
printing techniques 2 environmental challenges 13–14
process capability index 12 functional layers 1
process economics 9–13 health, safety and environmental
ProcessOne 343 considerations 13–14
process rollers 150 line speeds in 7
process window 10, 11 micro‐and nano‐patterning
PSCs see perovskite solar cells methods 2
(PSCs) printing methods 2
process window 10, 11
r rate‐determining step 6
radio‐frequency drying 49 substrate and deposited layers 5
razor slitting 159 “tension” rollers 5, 7
reel winder 165
Reichenbach’s patent 4 s
resistivity anisotropy ratio 383 Saad correlation 46, 47
reverse roll coating 27–29 salvage rewinders 161
ribbing 22 score cutting 159
rivulets 22 screen printing 2, 332–333
roll‐set curl see core‐set curl second‐generation PV cells 325–326
roll‐to‐roll display technologies self‐metered coating 22
active matrix organic light‐emitting gravure coaters
diode displays 305–312 bands 34, 35
cholesteric liquid crystal displays configurations of 32
294–305 direct and differential 37
electrophoretic displays 312–315 doctor blade chatter 34, 35
microfluidic displays 315–317 doctor blade configurations 33, 35
406 Index
self‐metered coating (cont’d) flexible substrates 292–293, 297, 310

doctored coating method 31 functional layers 2
engraved cell patterns 36, 37 glass 82–85, 91, 388
film splitting defects 38 gravure coating 32
hybrid coating method 32 inert and flexible 1
laser‐engraved ceramics 36 managing heat load 123
nomenclature 32, 33 melt-cast polymer 173
open pan 32–34 metal foils 115
pickout model 38 optical properties 3
pressurized gravure 33 paper 116–117
prototypical defect 38 PET and PEN 177, 178
ratio 37 plastic 172, 173, 211, 217, 218, 305,
RotoFlow patterns 36 338, 349
transfer efficiency model 38 polyester 215
Mayer rod coater 29–31 polyester film 265, 266
reverse roll coating 27–29 polyimide 311
shear slitting method 159–161 polymer 113–114, 118, 120,
skin formation 66 121, 173
slitter rewinders 161 polymer film 263
slot die coating process 25, 329–330, 343 polymeric/paper-based 3
slot nozzles 54 reverse roll 27
solar cells see also perovskite solar cells R2R manufacturing of electronic
(PSCs) devices 218
monocrystalline and multicrystalline R2R materials 252
silicon solar cells 325 R2R operation 4, 5–8, 15
thin‐film 325–326 R2R processing 326, 327–329
spin‐on‐glass (SOG) planarization surface energy 368
layer 172 thin and flexible substrates 285–286
spray coating 334 challenges in migrating to
static nip impression techniques 155, 156 roll-to-roll 287–292
Stefan–Boltzmann constant 46 thinner display architectures
stick dryers 54 286–287
stress development 66 substrate layer 2, 3
stripe coating technique 341, 342 surface roughening 66
subbing layer 2
substrate t
aluminum 70 taper or roll structure defects 163
carrier 308 T‐bar dies 26
deficiencies 59–60 tension roller 5, 7
dynamic wetting 23 thermal alignment zone 364
electrostatic assist 21 thermal gradient, nanocomposite films
fibers, fabrics, nonwovens, and foams 386–387
115–116 block copolymer oriented with
flexible 313, 318, 364, 390 389–391
flexible glass 114 directional crystal growth 387–389
Index 407
The Ultimate Web and Roll Defect u

Troubleshooting 161 ultrathin glass 172
thin and flexible substrates unit manufacturing cost 9, 11
285–286 unwinder 5, 154, 158
challenges in migrating to
roll‐to‐roll 287–292 v
thinner display architectures vacuum deposition
286–287 air‐to‐air systems 127–128
thin‐film PVs ALD 130–133
deposition methods batch systems 126
flexographic printing 330–331 for growth markets
gravure printing 331 antimicrobial coating 136
inkjet printing 333–334 barrier coatings 134
knife over roll coating batteries and supercapacitors 134
technique 330 flexible displays 134
screen printing 332–333 flexible photovoltaic devices 136
slot die coating process 329–330 photovoltaic films 134
low manufacturing cost 342 TCCs 134
thin‐film solar cells 325–326 undercoat and overcoat 134, 135
thin‐film transistors (TFTs) 172 managing defects 112
thinner display architectures airborne particles 118, 119
286–287 compact air cleaning head
third‐generation PV cells 326 119, 120
tight defects 163 gas cleaning system 119
total light transmission (TLT) 172 gross contaminants 117, 118
traditional web industry sector 147 migration process 121
transparent conductive coatings oligomer content 120
(TCCs) 134 oligomer/debris 122
transparent electrically conductive films plasma treatment 122
change in resistance 266 polymer substrates 118
coating on flexible substrates 265 surface contaminants 117
crack development 269 tacky roll cleaning process
hybrid functional films 269–270 120, 121
indium tin oxide 265 web cleaning technique 120
polymer dispersed liquid crystal managing heat load 112, 123–125
270–271 PVD 128–129
structure of the transparent conductive substrates
films 266–267 fabric/fibers 116
UV‐Vis spectra of PMMA conductive flexible glass 114
films 267–268 materials 112
transport rollers 150 metal foils 115
turbulent flow 52 nonwoven and woven fabrics 115
turret winder 165 paper 116–117
two‐drum winder 165, 166 polymer 112–114
two‐sided air floatation nozzles 56 van der Waals forces 117
408 Index
vertically oriented BCP thin films rollers 149–151

390–391 slitting and trim removal
Vrentas–Duda free volume theory 159–161
74, 79 temperature, speed, and gravity
155–157
w tension control 152–154
web traditional manufacturing 147
air-to-air systems 127 waste, delay, and customer
ALD 130–133 complaints 148
cleaning technique 120 web path control, guiding, and
coating head 19, 21 oscillators 157–158
conveyance 256–257 winding (see winding method)
delicate and extensible 55 wrinkling 167–169
glass 251, 252, 254 Wilhelmy plate 20
gravure cylinder 32, 37, 38 Willow® Glass 251
handling (see web handling) winder 5–7, 12, 149, 154, 155, 158,
inert and flexible substrate 1 161–167, 257
IR heating 57 winding method
managing heat load 123, 124 arrangements 165
Mayer rod coater 29, 31 defects 163
micro and nano-patterning motivation for slipped core
methods 2 winding 166
path geometry 257 roll tightness 162
pre-metered coating 24 taper tension 162
primers 27 telescoping 161–162
process economics 9–13 winder‐specific training 162
psychrometric model 46 winder types 164
reverse roll coating 27 wrinkling 167–169
R2R operation 5–8
sine wave 56 x
slot die coating 25 xerogel see bendable aerogels
viscoelastic 244
web converting processes 147 z
web handling zeta potential 366
converting operations 147 zone melting 386
DFM 149 zone solidification see thermal gradient,
nip control 154–156 nanocomposite films

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10.1002/9781119163824.index, Downloaded from https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/9781119163824.index by CAPES, Wiley Online Library on [05/02/2023]. See the Terms and Conditions (https://onlinelibrary.wiley.

Roll-to-Roll Manufacturing: Process Elements and Recent Advances, First Edition.

rewinding modes 239 qualitative stress and strain histories

d drying curve 50–52

electrophoretic displays challenges in migrating to

G Flex smartphone 310–311 hybrid composite films

fundamental science 297–300 n

orientation‐induced crystallization 176 biaxial stretching 178

rubbery state stretching roll‐to‐roll (R2R) processing

self‐metered coating (cont’d) flexible substrates 292–293, 297, 310

The Ultimate Web and Roll Defect u

vertically oriented BCP thin films rollers 149–151

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