PROCEEDINGS PEKAN ILMIAH TAHUNAN IAGI 2018

Hotel Pangeran, Pekanbaru, October 28th – November 1st, 2018

Analysis of Groundwater Quality in Terms of Distance by Marine Area and the Potential Impact of
Water Use for Environment and Public Health Based on Study Case : In Bonang Regency, Demak

Nurjayanti 1, Riana Hidayatunnisa 2, Resa Komala 3, Sari Fitria Ramadhani 4

Jl. Prof. H. Soedarto, S.H. Tembalang, Semarang City, Central java
e-mail: nurjayantvip@gmail.com

Water is one of the basic human needs. There are various ways to get water for humans such as rain water, surface
water and ground water. Surface water is not owned by all regions only in certain areas which have rivers or lakes while
groundwater although not all ground water can be taken because of limited technology but groundwater is the best storage of its
spread even though uneven caused by its physical environment so that distant of surface water will depend on groundwater.
Bonang subdistrict is one of the districts located in Demak regency. The location of Bonang Subdistrict is in the coastal areas,
where in the coastal areas the condition of the groundwater is interpreted to have experienced intrusion influences by sea water,
so the water quality in the area is not good enough. Therefore, a hydrogeological mapping is conducted in Bonang Subdistrict to
know water quality, distribution and type of aquifer, groundwater depth, geological and geomorphological conditions. In
addition, an aquifer geometry analysis with geoelectric method was also conducted. Based on pH data and DHL from each well is
in Bonang subdistrict, It can be classified that the higher the pH of water the deeper the depth of the well, then the lower the
depth of the well the higher the value of electrical conductivity in the water, based on research the average data of pH is 7.75 and
DHL is 2.79, based on the this condition of water could be consumed by public (Hadipurwo, 2006). From this paper, could tell
the difference of salinity levels and the quality from groundwater in coastal and deep well groundwater that is located far from
the marine area, as well as their impact on the environment and public health.

Keywords : Groundwater, hydrogeological mapping, society impact

southern part of Demak Regency is an area of

INTRODUCTION
Hydrogeology is one branch of science that
discusses the condition of water either on the surface
or below the surface. Water is one of the most
important basic needs in daily life. However, not all
water has good quality for consumption or other
needs such as agriculture. In addition, not all places
have potential available under the surface. For that
we need a variety of analyzes to determine the quality
of water that exist in the subsurface.
Demak Regency is one of the regencies
located in Central Java Province. Based on regional
geological conditions included in the Alluvial Plain
of Java North Bagin and Anticlinorium Bogor-Serayu
North-Kendeng (Bemmelen, 1949), where in the
"Structural Hills", while in the North of Demak
Regency is " Alluvial Plain "with a potential mixing
of saltwater with fresh water in groundwater
contained in a free aquifer in a well dug in
accordance with Hezberg's law (Sosrodarsono and
Taheda, 1987). The location of the mapping is in
Betahwalang Village, Serangan, Jatirogo,
Morodemak, Purworejo, Morgolinduk, Tridonorejo,
Bonang Subdistrict, Demak District, Central Java.
The area is close to the north coast. Bonang District
is included into the region A, the topographic
conditions with a 0 - 3 meters elevation. Based on
regional geology this area goes into the Qa formation
which is the alluvium quarter deposits. This
formation consists of gravel, sand, clay, silt, plant
residue, and lumps of volcanic rock. The texture of
soil at this mapping site shows a clay soil texture
 PROCEEDINGS PEKAN ILMIAH TAHUNAN IAGI 2018
Hotel Pangeran, Pekanbaru, October 28th – November 1st, 2018

(smooth). Therefore, the mapping of hydrogeology in

Bonang District to know the water quality, its
distribution and water flow system, the water depth,
and the geological and geomorphological conditions
that exist in Bonang District.

DATA AND METHOD

Geoelectric data was collected in Bonang sub-

Figure 1. Lithostratigraphy of Bonang
district, Demak District. In this geoelectric data
retrieval is done by using Schlumberger method District
using Nanniura tool. The method used to determine
the conditions under the surface, as well as data that RESULT AND DISCUSSION
can be processed by using matching curves, software
advances, and rockwork. Results Measurement of ground water level
Data processing begins by using a matching in Bonang sub-district, Demak regency can be
curve, which aims to determine the value of depth divided into 3 different zones according to the result
and resistivity, which will then be input using of water sampling by the nature of water obtained.
software progress, from the data processing in the The 3 Zones are Zones A, B, and C. In Zone A of the
software progress obtained results from log geolistrik northernmost regions (A) ie Betahwalang and
containing data resistivity value and thickness of rock Morodemak regions have medium productive aquifer
layers on each layer. After that done interpretation by regions. It means having a shallow, unstable aquifer
using the classification of resistivity value. with low to high eruption, the discharge of wells of
At this stage the first done is a recon that aims less than 5 l / sec is indicated by the unavailability of
to know the location of the lot, as well as the dug wells in the area. Then Zone B contains a
boundaries of the lot. After that mapping is done wellbore and a well with a brackish water condition
where the mapping is done looking for water and Zone C located farthest from the coast has
conditions in the area (looking for wells in the area) drilled wells and dug wells with fresh water
to get the value of MAT and field data acquisition to conditions.
know the general state in the area.
From the results obtained resistivity value of
the lithology under the surface, at a depth of 3 meters
down there is allvium, at a depth of between 3 to 15
meters there is groundwater, at a depth of 30 - 135
meters obtained sandstone lithology and the bottom
layer is a layer of clay located at a depth of 135 - 210
meters. (Telford, 1990).
After taking data in the field, then do the data
analysis that has been taken when in the field, the
analysis is done in the form of analysis: MAT data
processing, geolistrik, and other geological data.
From the analysis then done interpretation and map
making.
Figure 2. Results of PH and DHL analysis dug wells
B and C zones
 PROCEEDINGS PEKAN ILMIAH TAHUNAN IAGI 2018
Hotel Pangeran, Pekanbaru, October 28th – November 1st, 2018
The picture above is the result of the
research of dug well water samples located in Zone B
and Zone C obtained by PH data plotting with the
appearance of interpolation of green contour on map
(picture). The contour interpolation results show the
PH distribution pattern of groundwater aquifers fairly
uniformly where the PH value is relatively uniform.
It can be interpreted that the pH contained in
groundwater is uniformly derived from the same
groundwater basin so that the characteristics are
relatively more similar between one well with the
other well. From the result of data loading DHL
dipeta obtained the distribution and interpolation of
data DHL is almost uniform about the value of 1- 5
ms / second. However, at a point of sampling the
DHL value is quite striking is 9 ms / sekon with the
location of the point is located in the farther part of
the sea. In this case based on the theory, DHL from
seawater is higher than the average groundwater
DHL. On the map, DHL contours are shown the
smaller value condition toward the sea with two
contour spots indicating anomalous value greater
than the surrounding area. So it can be interpreted
that in the area where the anomaly is located there is
a contamination of sea water intrusion that is higher
than the surrounding area.
Figure 3. Results of PH and DHL analysis of drill wells of
zones A, B and C
In the wellbore samples based on the results
obtained that the results obtained from PH data
plotting results show the results of interpolation of
green contours on the map above. The results of
contour interpolation show the distribution pattern of
PH from groundwater aquifer is suppressed fairly
evenly where the PH value is relatively uniform. It
can be interpreted that the pH contained in this
uniform groundwater is derived from the same
groundwater basin so that the characteristics are
relatively more equal between one well with the other
well. Then on the DHL data plotting map it is found
that the distribution and interpolation of DHL data is
almost uniform around the value 2- 5 ms / second.
From the data it is interpreted if the groundwater is
still pure and unaffected by the presence of a
prominent sea air intrusion. The contoured map
displayed is very tight and like anomaly due to very
limited data so that the interpolation of the contour
result is not too maximal.
A suitable type of aquifer based on mapping results
in zone A, zone B and Zone C in Bonang Sub-district is
distressed aquifer. Determination of ground water quality
for drinking water consumption has been listed legally and
officially in Minister of Health Regulation No.492 /
MENKES / PER / IV / 2010 for Indonesia and World
Health Organization (WHO) standard in 2011 for
international standard. Determination of groundwater
quality for drinking water was determined by water quality
index (WQI). WQI is an index that describes the overall
quality of water at a location based on water quality
parameters.
Here are the results of determining the quality
of ground water for drinking water from 2 free
aquifer samples taken at the site of Hidrogeologi
Mapping Kecamatan Bonang and Wedhung, Demak.
1. Sample 1
 PROCEEDINGS PEKAN ILMIAH TAHUNAN IAGI 2018
Hotel Pangeran, Pekanbaru, October 28th – November 1st, 2018
2. Sample 2
3. Sample 3
4. Sample 4
From WQI analysis of groundwater samples 1,
2, 3 and 4 taken from dug wells in Demro Regency
Hydrogeology mapping, the values were 7.41, 33.79,
26.85 and 89.50. This value is similar to that based
on WQI analysis according to permenkes and WHO.
This analysis can only be done on 3 parameters that
is chloride content, hardness and sulfate content due
to limitations of existing data. From that value it can
be concluded if ground water in samples 1, 2 and 3
classified as having excellent quality to serve as
drinking water because it has WQI <50. While
groundwater in sample 4 is classified as having good
quality to be drinking water because it has value of
WQI 50 - 100.
CONCLUSIONS
From the data obtained, the quality of
groundwater in the area is obtained from the values
of water parameters from the quality of groundwater
itself. The groundwater is good for consumption and
is also used for irrigation. then, groundwater flow
leads to the northwest, with widespread spread. the
area on the right side plots hydrogelogical conditions
with shallow fresh groundwater above the brackish
water that is saline.
in the middle of the plots is an area of salting
groundwater from the surface due to sea infiltration
or salting in inland areas.
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geoelectrical and hydrogeological studies
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Ahzegbobor P. Aizebeokhai dkk. 2018 Data Article
Geoelectrical resistivity data set for
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aquifers in Basiri, Ado-Ekiti, southwestern
Nigeria.
A.M.S.Abd El-Gawad dkk. 2017. Geoelectrical
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
Acknowledgments We extend to
Dr.rer.nat.Thomas Triadi Putranto ST, M.Eng. as
Supervisor for the knowledge that has been given and
 PROCEEDINGS PEKAN ILMIAH TAHUNAN IAGI 2018
Hotel Pangeran, Pekanbaru, October 28th – November 1st, 2018

correction in making this paper. We do not forget to

thank the people of the Bonang area, Demak who
have allowed us to conduct research on the
hydrological conditions of the area and provide
information about things that happened in the
surrounding environment so as to provide ideas in the
discussion of this paper and thank you friends
Geology of Diponegoro University for correction and
suggestions in making this paper.