Ideas fro the Maturaarbeit: Thesis questions.

"Exploring the Role of Category Theory in Quantum Mechanics"

"The Intersection of Algebraic Geometry and Number Theory: A Study of Diophantine Equations"

"Investigating the Interplay between Representation Theory and Number Theory"

"Exploring the Use of Homotopy Type Theory in Theoretical Computer Science"

"The Intersection of Differential Geometry and General Relativity: A Study of Black Hole Solutions"

"Investigating the Role of Non-Commutative Algebra in Quantum Field Theory"

"Exploring the Intersection of Algebraic Topology and Quantum Field Theory"

"The Role of Geometric Analysis in General Relativity and Cosmology"

"Investigating the Interplay between Knot Theory and Quantum Field Theory"

"Exploring the Use of Algebraic Methods in Differential Equations and Dynamical Systems"

 Please note that some of theses thesis questions are involved in both physics and math.

In addition, the hilbert problems remains an option. Even though many of them have been solved,
four out of 23 problems1 remains unsolved.

In 1900, mathematician David Hilbert presented a list of 23 open problems in mathematics, which he
believed were important for the development of the field. These problems covered a wide range of
mathematical topics, from number theory and algebra to geometry and analysis. The Hilbert
problems were a call to action for the mathematical community, challenging them to solve some of
the most difficult and important problems of the day.

Year
Proble
Brief explanation Status Solve
m
d

1st The continuum hypothesis (that is, there Proven to be impossible to 1940,
is no set whose cardinality is strictly prove or disprove 1963
between that of the integersand that of within Zermelo–Fraenkel
the real numbers) set theory with or without
the Axiom of
Choice (provided Zermelo
–Fraenkel set
theory is consistent, i.e., it
does not contain a
contradiction). There is no
consensus on whether

1
en.Wikipedia. Hilbert problems. last revised 29.01.2023
 Year
Proble
Brief explanation Status Solve
m
d

this is a solution to the

problem.

There is no consensus on
whether results
of Gödel and Gentzen giv
e a solution to the problem
as stated by Hilbert.
Gödel's second
incompleteness theorem,
proved in 1931, shows
Prove that 1931,
2nd that no proof of its
the axioms of arithmetic are consistent. 1936
consistency can be
carried out within
arithmetic itself. Gentzen
proved in 1936 that the
consistency of arithmetic
follows from the well-
foundedness of
the ordinal ε0.

Given any two polyhedra of equal

volume, is it always possible to cut the Resolved. Result: No,
3rd first into finitely many polyhedral pieces proved using Dehn 1900
that can be reassembled to yield the invariants.
second?

Construct all metrics where lines Too vague to be stated resolved or

4th —
are geodesics. not.[h]

Resolved by Andrew
Gleason, assuming one
interpretation of the
Are original statement. If,
5th continuous groups automatically different however, it is understood 1953?
ial groups? as an equivalent of
the Hilbert–Smith
conjecture, it is still
unsolved.

6th Mathematical treatment of Partially resolved 1933–

the axiomsof physics depending on how the 2002?
original statement is
 Year
Proble
Brief explanation Status Solve
m
d

interpreted.[14]Items (a) and

(b) were two specific
(a) axiomatic treatment of probability with problems given by Hilbert
limit theorems for foundation of statistical in a later explanation.
physics [1]
Kolmogorov's
axiomatics(1933) is now
(b) the rigorous theory of limiting accepted as standard.
processes "which lead from the atomistic There is some success on
view to the laws of motion of continua" the way from the
"atomistic view to the laws
of motion of continua."[15]

Resolved. Result: Yes,

Is ab transcendental, for algebraic a ≠ 0,1 illustrated by Gelfond's
7th 1934
and irrational algebraic b ? theorem or the Gelfond–
Schneider theorem.

The Riemann hypothesis

("the real part of any non-trivial zero of
the Riemann zeta function is 1⁄2")
8th Unresolved. —
and other prime number problems,
among them Goldbach's conjectureand
the twin prime conjecture

Find the most general law of

9th the reciprocity theorem in Partially resolved.[i] —
any algebraicnumber field.

Find an algorithm to determine whether a Resolved. Result:

given polynomial Diophantine Impossible; Matiyasevich'
10th 1970
equation with integer coefficients has an s theorem implies that
integer solution. there is no such algorithm.

Solving quadratic forms with algebraic

11th Partially resolved.[16] —
numerical coefficients.

Extend the Kronecker–Weber theoremon

12th Abelian extensions of the rational Partially resolved.[17] —
numbers to any base number field.
 Year
Proble
Brief explanation Status Solve
m
d

Unresolved. The
continuous variant of this
problem was solved
Solve 7th degree equation using
by Vladimir Arnold in 1957
13th algebraic (variant: —
based on work by Andrei
continuous) functions of two parameters.
Kolmogorov, but the
algebraic variant is
unresolved.[j]

Resolved. Result: No, a

Is the ring of invariants of an algebraic
counterexample was
14th group acting on a polynomial 1959
constructed by Masayoshi
ringalways finitely generated?
Nagata.

Rigorous foundation of Schubert's

15th Partially resolved.[citation needed] —
enumerative calculus.

Describe relative positions of ovals

Unresolved, even for
originating from a real algebraic
16th algebraic curves of degree —
curveand as limit cycles of a
8.
polynomial vector field on the plane.

Resolved. Result: Yes,

due to Emil Artin.
Express a nonnegative rational Moreover, an upper limit
17th 1927
function as quotient of sums of squares. was established for the
number of square terms
necessary.

18th (a) Are there only finitely many
essentially different space groups in n-
dimensional Euclidean space?
(b) Is there a polyhedron that admits only
an anisohedral tiling in three
dimensions?
(c) What is the densest sphere packing?
(a) Resolved. Result: Yes (a) 1910
(by Ludwig Bieberbach)
(b) 1928
(b) Resolved. Result: Yes
(by Karl Reinhardt). (c) 1998
(c) Widely believed to be
resolved, by computer-
assisted proof (by Thomas
Callister Hales). Result:
Highest density achieved
by close packings, each
with density approximately
 Year
Proble
Brief explanation Status Solve
m
d

74%, such as face-

centered cubic close
packing and hexagonal
close packing.[k]

Resolved. Result: Yes,

proven by Ennio de
Are the solutions of regular problems in
Giorgi and, independently
19th the calculus of variations always 1957
and using different
necessarily analytic?
methods, by John Forbes
Nash.

Resolved. A significant
topic of research
Do all variational problems with
throughout the 20th
20th certain boundary conditions have ?
century, culminating in
solutions?
solutions for the non-linear
case.

Partially resolved. Result:

Proof of the existence of linear Yes/No/Open depending
21st differential equations having a on more exact ?
prescribed monodromic group formulations of the
problem.

Partially
Uniformization of analytic relations by
22nd resolved. Uniformization ?
means of automorphic functions
theorem

Further development of the calculus of

23rd Too vague to be stated res
variations