CN TAE

Data Link Protocols

(SLIP)
(PPP)
(LCP)
PRATHMESH VAIDYA
IV SEM CSE B - 40
 Table of contents

• Introduction to Data Link Protocols

• Serial Line Interface Protocol (SLIP)
• Point-to-Point Protocol (PPP)
• Link Control Protocol (LCP)
• Conclusion
Introduction to Data Link Protocols

A data link protocol is a set of rules and

procedures that govern the communication
between two devices over a physical
communication channel.

The main purpose of data link protocols is to

provide reliable, error-free transmission of
data across the communication channel.
Serial Line Interface Protocol (SLIP)
Serial Line Interface Protocol (SLIP) is a lightweight and simple protocol used for
communication between devices over serial connections. It was developed in the
early days of networking when low-speed serial connections were common. SLIP
operates at the data link layer of the OSI model and provides a way to encapsulate
IP packets for transmission over serial connections. It is widely used in embedded
systems, microcontrollers, and other devices with limited resources.

The SLIP protocol uses a simple framing technique to transmit packets. Each
packet begins with a special delimiter byte and ends with another delimiter byte.
The packet data is sent between the delimiters, and if the delimiter byte appears in
the packet data, it is escaped with another byte to prevent it from being interpreted
as a delimiter. SLIP is a very basic protocol and does not provide any error
detection or correction mechanisms. This means that it is up to the application
layer to handle any errors that may occur. Despite its limitations, SLIP is still used in
some applications where its simplicity and low overhead are desirable.
Point-to-Point Protocol (PPP)
Point-to-Point Protocol (PPP) is a protocol used for establishing a direct connection
between two nodes over a serial link. It provides a means of transmitting IP packets
over serial connections such as dial-up telephone lines or leased lines. PPP is a
successor to SLIP and provides several improvements over its predecessor,
including error detection and correction mechanisms, authentication, and support
for multiple network protocols.

PPP uses a three-stage process for establishing a connection: Link Establishment,

Authentication, and Network Protocol Negotiation. The Link Establishment phase is
responsible for establishing and configuring the data link layer of the connection.
The Authentication phase provides a way for each endpoint to authenticate the
other endpoint before allowing the connection to proceed. The Network Protocol
Negotiation phase is responsible for negotiating the network layer protocol to be
used over the connection, such as IP or IPX. PPP is a widely used protocol in many
applications, including dial-up internet connections and Virtual Private Networks
(VPNs).
Link Control Protocol (LCP)
Link Control Protocol (LCP) is a protocol used in conjunction with Point-to-Point
Protocol (PPP) to establish and configure the data link layer of a connection between
two nodes over a serial link. LCP is responsible for negotiating the parameters of
the data link layer, including the type of authentication to be used, the maximum
frame size, and the compression method. LCP packets are exchanged between the
two endpoints to establish and configure the link.

LCP provides a way to dynamically configure the data link layer of the connection
based on the capabilities of the endpoints. For example, LCP can negotiate the use
of different authentication methods based on the capabilities of each endpoint. LCP
also provides a way to monitor the quality of the link and terminate the connection if
the link quality degrades below a certain threshold. Overall, LCP is an essential part
of PPP and is used to establish and configure reliable connections over serial links.
Applications
SLIP:
Remote monitoring and control systems
Communication between microcontrollers.

PPP:
Dial-up internet connections
Virtual Private Networks (VPNs).

LCP:
Establishing and configuring connections between ISPs and customers
Establishing and configuring the data link layer for VPNs.
Conclusion
Data link protocols are an essential component of modern communication systems,
providing reliable and efficient transmission of data across physical communication
channels.Understanding the different types of data link protocols, such as SLIP, PPP,
and LCP, is crucial for designing and implementing effective communication
networks.