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W25531

Student Appendix

THE INDIAN PREMIER LEAGUE: GAUGING PLAYER PERFORMANCE

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Soumya Roy, Soumyadeep Kundu, and Dipayan Roy wrote this student appendix as an aid to students in the classroom use of the
case The Indian Premier League: Gauging Player Performance, No. W25528. This appendix should not be used in any way that would
prejudice the future use of the case.

This publication may not be transmitted, photocopied, digitized, or otherwise reproduced in any form or by any means without the
permission of the copyright holder. Reproduction of this material is not covered under authorization by any reproduction rights

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organization. To order copies or request permission to reproduce materials, contact Ivey Publishing, Ivey Business School, Western
University, London, Ontario, Canada, N6G 0N1; (t) 519.661.3208; (e) cases@ivey.ca; www.iveycases.com. Our goal is to publish
materials of the highest quality; submit any errata to publishcases@ivey.ca. i1v2e5y5pubs

Copyright © 2022, Ivey Business School Foundation Version: 2022-01-31

# Read Data Set

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d=read.csv("C:/Users/Soumya‐Roy/Desktop/Cases/IPL/IPL_US.csv",header=T)

# Names of Variables
names(d)

## [1] "Sl_No" "Player" "Team" "Runs" "Avg" "SR"

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## [7] "Hundreds" "Fifties" "Fours" "Sixes" "Salary"

# Player Names
players=d[,2]
players

## [1] "AB de Villiers" "Ajinkya Rahane" "Akshdeep Nath"

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## [4] "Ambati Rayudu" "Andre Russell" "Axar Patel"

## [7] "Ben Stokes" "Bhuvneshwar Kumar" "Chris Gayle"
## [10] "Chris Lynn" "Chris Morris" "Colin Ingram"
## [13] "David Warner" "David Miller" "Deepak Hooda"
## [16] "Dinesh Karthik" "Dwayne Bravo" "Faf du Plessis"
## [19] "Hardik Pandya" "Ishan Kishan" "Jofra Archer"
## [22] "Jonny Bairstow" "Jos Buttler" "Kane Williamson"
## [25] "Kedar Jadhav" "Keemo Paul" "Kieron Pollard"
## [28] "KL Rahul" "Krunal Pandya" "Mandeep Singh"
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## [31] "Manish Pandey" "Marcus Stoinis" "Mayank Agarwal"

## [34] "Moeen Ali" "Mohammad Nabi" "MS Dhoni"
## [37] "Nicholas Pooran" "Nitish Rana" "Parthiv Patel"
## [40] "Piyush Chawla" "Prithvi Shaw" "Quinton de Kock"
## [43] "Rahul Tripathi" "Rashid Khan" "Ravichandran Ashwin"
## [46] "Ravindra Jadeja" "Rishabh Pant" "Riyan Parag"

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## [49] "Robin Uthappa" "Rohit Sharma" "Sam Curran"

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## [52] "Sanju Samson" "Sarfaraz Khan" "Shane Watson"
## [55] "Sherfane Rutherford" "Shikhar Dhawan" "Shimron Hetmyer"
## [58] "Shreyas Gopal" "Shreyas Iyer" "Shubman Gill"
## [61] "Steve Smith" "Stuart Binny" "Sunil Narine"
## [64] "Suresh Raina" "Suryakumar Yadav" "Umesh Yadav"

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## [67] "Vijay Shankar" "Virat Kohli" "Wriddhiman Saha"
## [70] "Yusuf Pathan"

# Attach the dataset

attach(d)

# Structure of Data Set

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str(d)

## 'data.frame': 70 obs. of 11 variables:

## $ Sl_No : int 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 ...
## $ Player : chr "AB de Villiers" "Ajinkya Rahane" "Akshdeep Nath" "Ambat
i Rayudu" ...
## $ Team : chr "Royal Challengers Bangalore" "Rajasthan Royals" "Royal
Challengers Bangalore" "Chennai Super Kings" ...
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## $ Runs : int 442 393 61 282 510 110 123 12 490 405 ...
## $ Avg : num 44.2 32.8 12.2 23.5 56.7 ...
## $ SR : num 154 137.9 107 93.1 204.8 ...
## $ Hundreds: int 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 ...
## $ Fifties : int 5 1 0 1 4 0 0 0 4 4 ...
## $ Fours : int 31 45 5 20 31 10 8 1 45 41 ...
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## $ Sixes : int 26 9 2 7 52 3 4 0 34 22 ...

## $ Salary : num 1.719 0.625 0.514 0.344 1.328 ...

# Summary Statistics
summary(d)

## Sl_No Player Team Runs

## Min. : 1.00 Length:70 Length:70 Min. : 12.0
No

## 1st Qu.:18.25 Class :character Class :character 1st Qu.: 96.5

## Median :35.50 Mode :character Mode :character Median :216.5
## Mean :37.43 Mean :249.3
## 3rd Qu.:54.25 3rd Qu.:395.2
## Max. :92.00 Max. :692.0
## Avg SR Hundreds Fifties
## Min. : 3.60 Min. : 63.15 Min. :0.00000 Min. :0.000
## 1st Qu.:18.00 1st Qu.:120.64 1st Qu.:0.00000 1st Qu.:0.000
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## Median :27.07 Median :133.31 Median :0.00000 Median :1.000

## Mean :28.58 Mean :133.12 Mean :0.08571 Mean :1.486
## 3rd Qu.:35.16 3rd Qu.:148.47 3rd Qu.:0.00000 3rd Qu.:3.000
## Max. :83.20 Max. :204.81 Max. :1.00000 Max. :8.000
## Fours Sixes Salary
## Min. : 1.00 Min. : 0.00 Min. :0.0286

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## 1st Qu.: 8.00 1st Qu.: 4.00 1st Qu.:0.3217

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## Median :19.00 Median : 8.00 Median :0.7009
## Mean :22.40 Mean :10.51 Mean :0.9120
## 3rd Qu.:36.75 3rd Qu.:14.00 3rd Qu.:1.3281
## Max. :64.00 Max. :52.00 Max. :2.6562

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# Boxplot
boxplot(Salary,col="red",lwd=2)

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# Players Earning More than US$2 million

Player[Salary>2]
No

## [1] "MS Dhoni" "Rishabh Pant" "Rohit Sharma" "Virat Kohli"

# Inter‐Quartile Range
quantile(Salary,probs=0.75)‐quantile(Salary,probs=0.25)

## 75%
## 1.006468

# Correlation Matrix
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cor(d[,4:11])

## Runs Avg SR Hundreds Fifties Fours S

ixes
## Runs 1.0000000 0.7348088 0.3552689 0.4366210 0.8701533 0.9269084 0.769
8171

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## Avg 0.7348088 1.0000000 0.4587212 0.3704745 0.6568595 0.5707617 0.659

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## SR 0.3552689 0.4587212 1.0000000 0.1343445 0.2477918 0.2657353 0.579
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## Hundreds 0.4366210 0.3704745 0.1343445 1.0000000 0.2989482 0.4229155 0.192
8595

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## Fifties 0.8701533 0.6568595 0.2477918 0.2989482 1.0000000 0.7985036 0.675
4056
## Fours 0.9269084 0.5707617 0.2657353 0.4229155 0.7985036 1.0000000 0.565
4438
## Sixes 0.7698171 0.6594927 0.5790312 0.1928595 0.6754056 0.5654438 1.000
0000
## Salary 0.3234302 0.2919955 0.1055668 0.2331481 0.2900521 0.2550323 0.246

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## Salary
## Runs 0.3234302
## Avg 0.2919955
## SR 0.1055668
## Hundreds 0.2331481
## Fifties 0.2900521
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## Fours 0.2550323
## Sixes 0.2468059
## Salary 1.0000000

# Defining New Variable: Fifty_New

d$Fifty_New=2*Hundreds+Fifties
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# Attach the Data Set Again

attach(d)

## The following objects are masked from d (pos = 3):

##
## Avg, Fifties, Fours, Hundreds, Player, Runs, Salary, Sixes, Sl_No,
## SR, Team
No

# Boxplot of Batting Average and Strike Rate

par(mfrow=c(1,2))
boxplot(Avg,main="Batting Average",col="red",lwd=2)
boxplot(SR,main="Strike Rate",col="blue",lwd=2)
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# Outstanding Players w.r.t. Batting Average and Strike Rate
boxplot(Avg)$out

## [1] 69.2 83.2

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Player[which(Avg==69.2)]

## [1] "David Warner"

Player[which(Avg==83.2)]

## [1] "MS Dhoni"

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boxplot(SR)$out

## [1] 204.81 63.15 191.42 75.00

Player[which(SR==204.81)]

## [1] "Andre Russell"

Player[which(SR==191.42)]
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## [1] "Hardik Pandya"

# Principal Component Analysis (PCA)

# Variables for PCA
d.new=cbind(Runs,Avg,SR,Fours,Sixes,Fifty_New)
row.names(d.new)<‐players

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# Principal Components
# scale=T for standardizing the variables
pr.out=prcomp(d.new,scale=T)
names(pr.out)

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## [1] "sdev" "rotation" "center" "scale" "x"

# Interpretation
pr.out$rotation=‐pr.out$rotation
pr.out$x=‐pr.out$x

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# Summary
summary(pr.out)

## Importance of components:
## PC1 PC2 PC3 PC4 PC5 PC6
## Standard deviation 2.0373 0.9884 0.62587 0.55014 0.39928 0.13728
## Proportion of Variance 0.6917 0.1628 0.06529 0.05044 0.02657 0.00314
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## Cumulative Proportion 0.6917 0.8546 0.91985 0.97029 0.99686 1.00000

# Ranking
dim(pr.out$x)

## [1] 70 6
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pr.1.score=pr.out$x[,1]

# Rank
p=sort(pr.1.score,decreasing=T)
M=cbind(p,1:70)
colnames(M)=c("Score","Rank")
No

## Cluster Analysis

# Load Libraries
library(cluster)
library(factoextra)

## Loading required package: ggplot2

## Welcome! Want to learn more? See two factoextra‐related books at https://g

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oo.gl/ve3WBa

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# Scale the variables
d.new.s=scale(d.new)

# Number of Clusters
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gap=clusGap(d.new.s,FUN=kmeans,nstart=20,K.max=10,B=100)

# Plot the result

fviz_gap_stat(gap)
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# K‐means Clustering for K=4
km.out=kmeans(d.new.s,4,nstart=20)

# Cluster Identification
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km.clus=km.out$cluster
Player[km.clus==1]

## [1] "AB de Villiers" "Andre Russell" "Chris Gayle" "David Warner"

## [5] "Hardik Pandya" "Jonny Bairstow" "KL Rahul" "MS Dhoni"
## [9] "Quinton de Kock" "Rishabh Pant"
No

#Cluster Size
table(km.clus)

## km.clus
## 1 2 3 4
## 10 27 21 12

# Visualize cluster
fviz_cluster(km.out,d.new.s)
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# Silhouette Statistic
sil=silhouette(km.out$cluster, dist(d.new.s))
rownames(sil)=rownames(d.new)
fviz_silhouette(sil)
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## cluster size ave.sil.width

## 1 1 10 0.06
## 2 2 27 0.21
## 3 3 21 0.44
## 4 4 12 0.46
No
Do

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# Negative Silhouette Statistic used for identifying the states which should
belong to different clusters
neg_sil_index=which(sil[, "sil_width"] < 0)
sil[neg_sil_index, , drop = FALSE]
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## cluster neighbor sil_width

## Jonny Bairstow 1 3 ‐0.053465386
## Kieron Pollard 2 3 ‐0.005541784
## Quinton de Kock 1 3 ‐0.218668307
## Rishabh Pant 1 3 ‐0.045206679
## Shimron Hetmyer 2 4 ‐0.005421673
No

# Cluster Statistics by Variables

A=aggregate(d.new,list(km.clus),mean)

# Overall Average
A_M=apply(d.new,2,mean)

# Player Distribution across Different Clusters for Each Team

T_P=table(Team,km.clus)
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prop.table(T_P,margin=1)

## km.clus
## Team 1 2 3 4
## Chennai Super Kings 0.12500000 0.12500000 0.37500000 0.37500000
## Delhi Capitals 0.14285714 0.28571429 0.42857143 0.14285714
## Kings XI Punjab 0.22222222 0.66666667 0.11111111 0.00000000

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## Kolkata Knight Riders 0.11111111 0.11111111 0.55555556 0.22222222

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## Mumbai Indians 0.28571429 0.28571429 0.28571429 0.14285714
## Rajasthan Royals 0.00000000 0.54545455 0.36363636 0.09090909
## Royal Challengers Bangalore 0.12500000 0.50000000 0.25000000 0.12500000
## Sunrisers Hyderabad 0.18181818 0.45454545 0.09090909 0.27272727

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# Cluster and Salary
d$Cluster=km.clus
tapply(d$Salary,d$Cluster,mean)

## 1 2 3 4
## 1.4189310 0.7038378 1.0148814 0.7779758

mean(d$Salary)

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## [1] 0.9120164 op
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No
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