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EN 571-1 en
EN 571-1 en
NORME EUROPEÂENNE
EUROPAÈISCHE NORM January 1997
ICS 19.100
Descriptors: Non-destructive tests, liquid penetrant tests, inspection methods, safety measures, procedure, characteristics, classification s,
designation, macroscopic analysis
English version
This European Standard was approved by CEN on 1995-01-14. CEN members are
bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the
conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard
without any alteration.
Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards
may be obtained on application to the Central Secretariat or to any CEN member.
This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German).
A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a
CEN member into its own language and notified to the Central Secretariat has the
same status as the official versions.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Denmark,
Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Iceland, Ireland, Italy Luxembourg, Netherlands,
Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.
CEN
European Committee for Standardization
Comite EuropeÂen de Normalisation
EuropaÈisches Komitee fuÈr Normung
Foreword Contents
This European Standard has been prepared by
Technical Committee CEN/TC 138, Non-destructive Page
testing, the secretariat of which is held by AFNOR. Foreword 2
This European Standard shall be given the status of a 1 Scope 3
national standard, either by publication of an identical
text or by endorsement, at the latest by July 1997, and 2 Normative references 3
conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at 3 Definitions 3
the latest by July 1997. 4 Safety precautions 3
In the framework of its scope, Technical Committee 5 General principles 3
CEN/TC 138 entrusted CEN/TC 138/WG 4, Liquid
penetrant testing, to prepare this European Standard. 6 Products, sensitivity and designation 4
EN 571 comprises a series of European Standards on 7 Compatibility of testing materials with
penetrant testing which is made of the following: the part(s) to be tested 5
8 Test procedure 5
EN 571-1 Non-destructive testing Ð Penetrant
9 Test report 8
testing Ð
Part 1: General principles Annexes
EN 571-2 Non-destructive testing Ð Penetrant A (normative) Main stages of the
testing Ð penetrant examination 9
Part 2: Testing of penetrant materials B (informative) Example of a test report 10
EN 571-3 Non-destructive testing Ð Penetrant
testing Ð
Part 3: Reference test blocks
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1 Scope 3 Definitions
This standard defines a method of penetrant testing For the purposes of this standard the definitions of
used to detect discontinuities, e.g. cracks, laps, folds, prEN 1330-6 apply.
porosity and lack of fusion, which are open to the
surface of the material to be tested. It is mainly applied
to metallic materials, but can also be performed on 4 Safety precautions
other materials, provided that they are inert to the test As penetrant inspection techniques often require the
media and they are not excessively porous, examples use of harmful, flammable and/or volatile materials,
of which are castings, forgings, welds, ceramics, etc. certain precautions shall be taken.
This standard is not intended to be used for Prolonged or repeated contact of these materials with
acceptance criteria and gives no information relating to the skin or any mucous membrane should be avoided.
the suitability of individual test systems for specific Working areas shall be adequately ventilated and sited
applications nor requirements for test equipment. away from sources of heat, sparks and naked flames in
The term `discontinuity' is used here in the sense that accordance with local regulations.
no evaluation concerning acceptability or The penetrant testing products and equipment shall be
non-acceptability is included. used with care and always in compliance with the
Methods for determining and monitoring the essential instructions supplied by the manufacturer.
properties of penetrant testing products to be used are When using UV-A sources, care shall be taken to
specified in EN 571-2 and EN 571-3. ensure that unfiltered radiation from the UV-A source
does not directly reach the eyes of the operators.
2 Normative references Whether it forms an integral part of the lamp or is a
separate component, the UV-A filter shall always be
This European Standard incorporates by dated or maintained in good condition.
undated reference, provisions from other publications.
These normative references are cited at the There is legislation and regulations regarding health,
appropriate places in the text and the publications are safety, pollution and storage, etc.
listed hereafter. For dated references, subsequent
amendments to or revisions of any of these 5 General principles
publications apply to this European Standard only
when incorporated in it by amendment or revision. For 5.1 Personnel
undated references the latest edition of the publication The examination shall be carried out or supervised by
referred to applies. competent personnel and, if required, qualified and
certified according to EN 473 or to a system agreed
EN 473 Qualification and certification of NDT upon by the contracting parties.
personnel Ð General principles
5.2 Description of the method
prEN 571-2 Non-destructive testing Ð Penetrant Prior to penetrant testing the surface to be inspected
testing Ð shall be cleaned and dried. Then suitable penetrants
Part 2: Testing of penetrant materials1) are applied to the test area and enter into
prEN 571-3 Non-destructive testing Ð Penetrant discontinuities open to the surface. After the
testing Ð appropriate penetration time has elapsed the excess
Part 3: Reference test blocks1) penetrant is removed from the surface and the
prEN 956 Non-destructive testing Ð Penetrant developer applied. This absorbs the penetrant that has
testing Ð Equipment entered and remains in the discontinuities and may
give a clearly visible enhanced indication of the
prEN 1330-6 Non-destructive testing Ð discontinuity.
Terminology Ð
Part 6: Terms used in penetrant Should complementary non-destructive testing be
systems 1) required, the penetrant inspection shall be performed
first unless agreed upon between the contracting
prEN1956 Non-destructive testing Ð Penetrant parties so as not to introduce contaminants into open
testing and magnetic particle testing Ð discontinuities. If penetrant inspection is used
Viewing conditions1) following another non-destructive testing technique, the
surface shall be cleaned carefully to remove
contaminants before application.
1) In preparation.
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8.3.3 Penetration time This time shall be sufficient to allow only the excess
The appropriate penetration time depends on the penetrant to be removed from the test surface during
properties of the penetrant, the application the subsequent water wash. The emulsifying time shall
temperature, the material of the part to be tested and not be exceeded. Immediately after emulsification, a
the discontinuities to be detected. water wash shall be carried out as described in 8.4.2.
The penetration time can vary from 5 min to 60 min. 8.4.5 Water and solvent
The penetration time should be at least as long as the First the excess water-washable penetrant shall be
time used for the determination of sensitivity (see 6.3). removed with water (see 8.4.2). Subsequent cleaning
If not, the actual penetration time shall be recorded in with a clean lint-free cloth, lightly moistened with
the written test procedure. In no case shall the solvent, shall be then carried out.
penetrant be allowed to dry during the penetration
time. 8.4.6 Excess penetrant removal check
8.4 Excess penetrant removal During excess penetrant removal the test surface shall
be visually checked for penetrant residues. For
8.4.1 General fluorescent penetrants, this shall be carried out under a
The application of the remover medium shall be such UV-A source. The minimum UV-A irradiance at the test
that no penetrant is removed from the discontinuities. surface shall not be less than 3 W/m2 (300 mW/cm2).
When faced with excessive background on parts after
8.4.2 Water excess penetrant removal has been carried out, the
The excess penetrant shall be removed using a suitable decision on future action shall be taken by a suitably
rinsing technique. Examples: spray rinsing or wiping qualified person.
with a damp cloth. Care shall be taken to minimize the
effect of mechanical action caused by the rinsing 8.4.7 Drying
method. The temperature of the water shall not In order to facilitate rapid drying of excess water, any
exceed 50 ÊC. droplets and puddles of water shall be removed from
the part.
8.4.3 Solvents
Except when using water-based developer the test
Generally, the excess penetrant shall be removed first surface shall be dried as quickly as possible after
by using a clean lint-free cloth. Subsequent cleaning excess penetrant removal, using one of the following
with a clean lint-free cloth lightly moistened with methods:
solvent shall then be carried out. Any other removal
technique shall be approved by the contracting parties, a) wiping with a clean, dry, lint-free cloth;
particularly when solvent remover is sprayed directly b) evaporation at ambient temperature after hot
on to the part to be tested. water dip;
8.4.4 Emulsifier c) evaporation at elevated temperature;
d) forced air circulation;
8.4.4.1 Hydrophilic (water-dilutable)
e) a combination of the methods listed under a)
To allow the post-emulsifiable penetrant to be removed to d).
from the test surface, it shall be rendered
water-rinsable by application of an emulsifier. Before If compressed air is used, particular care shall be taken
the application of the emulsifier, a water wash should to ensure that it is water- and oil-free and impinging
be performed in order to remove the bulk of the pressure on the surface of the part is kept as low as
excess penetrant from the test surface and to facilitate possible.
a uniform action of the hydrophilic emulsifier which The method of drying the part to be tested shall be
will be applied subsequently. carried out in a way ensuring that the penetrant
The emulsifier shall be applied by immersion or by entrapped in the discontinuities does not dry.
foam equipment. The concentration and the contact The surface temperature shall not exceed 50 ÊC during
time of the emulsifier shall be evaluated by the user drying unless otherwise approved.
through pre-tests according to the manufacturer's
8.5 Application of developer
instructions. The predetermined emulsifier contact time
shall not be exceeded. After emulsification, a final 8.5.1 General
wash shall be carried out as described in 8.4.2. The developer shall be maintained in a uniform
8.4.4.2 Lipophilic (oil-based) condition during use and shall be evenly applied to the
test surface.
To allow the post emulsifiable penetrant to be removed
from the test surface, it shall be rendered The application of the developer shall be carried out as
water-rinsable by application of an emulsifier. This can soon as possible after the removal of excess penetrant.
only be done by immersion. The emulsifier contact
time shall be evaluated by the user through pre-tests
according to the manufacturer's instructions.
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Annex A (normative)
Main stages of the penetrant examination
Dry
Apply solvent
Water and solvent Water wash remover
Apply lipophilic
Water spray emulsifier and
rinse allow contact
time
Excess penetrant
remover check
Dry
Dry
Apply water Apply water
soluble suspendable
developer developer
Development time
Inspect
Clean
Protect if
required
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Annex B (informative)
Example of a test report
Test report
Company name: Reference no.:
Departments: Subreference no.:
Penetrant Testing
Test report no.: ±±±±±±±± Sheet ±±±±±±±± of ±±±±±±±± sheets
Project: Parts:
Commissioned by: Manufacturing no.:
Commission order no.: Drawing no.:
Part to be tested: further details, e.g.:
Weld plan no.: Test follow-up plan no.:
Dimensions: Weld no.: Sheet no.:
Unit no.: Part no.:
Material: Cast no.: Model no.:
Surface condition:
Heat treatment condition:
Pretreatment:
Test instruction: (e.g. specification, test direction, delivery condition)
Scope of testing:
Penetrant system
Designation: (further details, e.g. free from corrosive constituents, in accordance with
prEN 571-2)
Manufacturer:
Product designation
Penetrant: Batch no.:
Excess penetrant remover: Batch no.:
Developer: Batch no.:
Procedure
Test temperature: Excess penetrant removal (further details, e.g. anticorrosive agents):
Precleaning: Emulsifying time:
Drying: Drying:
Penetration time: Development time:
Postcleaning:
Deviations from the test instructions:
Deviations from EN 571-1:
Test results: (e.g. for discontinuities: details of location, types, distributions, sizes and
number; sketch)
Test location: Test date: Operator's name:
Evaluation acceptable: unacceptable:
(in accordance with test instructions):
Remarks:
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