M 3 _ a 3 3 4 = So a o =THORISON fONEW EDITIONS| HEINLE English Language Teaching Grammar Booster 1 Megan Roderick Copyright © 2002 Thomson Heinle, @ part of ‘The Thomson Corporation. Thomson, the Star logo. and Heinle arc trademarks used herein under license For permission to use material from this text cor product, submit a request online at btip:/iwww.thomsonrights.com All rights reserved. No part of this work covered by the copyright hereon may be reproduced or used in ‘any form or by any means~ graphic, electronic, oF mechanical, including photocopying, recording, taping, Any additional questions about permissions can be submitted by email to thomson- rights@thomson.com Web distribution or information storage and retrieval systems —without the written permission of the publisher. ISBN-13: 978-960-403-098-9 Printed in Gi ISBN-10: 960-403-098-1 2345678910 11 10 09 08 07 For more information contact Thomson Heinle, High Holborn House, 50/51 Bedford Row, London WCIR 4LR United Kingdom, ‘or you can visit our Internet site at elt.homson.com Acknowledgments Special thanks to Sarah Bideleux for preparing the grammar theory. Illustrated by Panagiotis Angeletakis+, és phe eee eee Contents fH] _ Subject Pronouns & Present Simple: To Be page 4 Articles, Regular & Irregular Plurals page & El Prepositions of Place & There Is / There Are page 12 BB Have Gor page 16 REVIEW I page 20 EB] Possessive Adjectives & Pronouns, ’s, Demonstratives & Who's/Whose? page 24 Tl Present Simple, Adverbs of Frequency & Prepositions of Time page 28 Adverbs, Too & Enough page 34 [Present Continuous page 38 REVIEW 2 page 42 Present Simple & Present Continuous page 46 HD Can & Must page 50 TH] _mperative, Let's & Object Pronouns page 54 [Past Simple: To Be page 58 REVIEW 3 page 62 fH Past Simple Affirmative: Regular & Irregular Verbs page 66 Past Simple Negative & Question page 70 Some, Any, No, Every page 74 FS Countable & Uncountable Nouns & Quantifiers poge 78 REVIEW 4 page 84 Comparison of Adjectives page 88 Be Going To & Future Simple page 92 Question Words page 96 EJ Present Perfect Simple: Regular and Irregular Verbs page 100 REVIEW 5 page 104 IRREGULAR VERBS, page 108 NOTES page 109IN ; a | { { Arm T big and strong, Tonic? Good morning, Jim, Subject Pronouns Singular Plural 1 we you you he they she it Subject pronouns show who or what something does or is. 1am happy today. We use it for things or animals. But if the animal is our pet, we often use he or she. Look at the dog. It's very big. I love my dog. He's wonderful We use you for the singular and the plural. You are a good friend, David. You are good friends, John and Sarah, Wee use they for a lot of people, animals or things. Where are the boys? They're in the park. Are dogs clever? Yes, they are. Where are the pens? They're on the table, bject Pronoun esent Simple 4M He isn't very clever, but he’s my Write the Subject Pronouns. Uncle John snl Jim the cat Lucy my mother ee Mum and Dad my friend and 1 the television the booksPresent Simple: To Be Affirmative Negative Question Jam (I'm) Fam not (I'm not) Am? you are (you're) you are not (you aren't) Are you? he is (he's) he is not (he isn't) Is he? she is (she' she is not (she isn't) Is she? icis (it’s) itis not (ic isn't) Is ie? we are (we're) we are not (we aren't) ‘Are we? you are (you're) you are not (you aren't) Are you? they are (they're) they are not (they aren't) Are they? Short answers Yes, lam. No, I'm not. Yes, you are. No, you aren't Yes, he i No, he isn’t Yes, she is. No, she isn't Yes. it is. No, it isn't. Yes, we are. No, we aren't. Yes, you are. No, you aren't. Yes, they are. No, they aren't. We use to be to talk about someone's job, nationality, relationship or his or her name. He is a doctor, ‘She is my sister. We are Italian. Tam Helen. We also use to be to describe people and things. The sea is blue. We are happy. In everyday English, we use the short form. Hi. Fm Susan, GoTo eh We use to be with subject pronouns (I, you, he, etc) Inara nefits and other words. Cece inne) He is sad. cl The ball is green and red. Complete the sentences with the Present Simple of to be. Choose the correct answer. 1 very thirsty. Eg Are she / Chey happy? He coin happy today. X 1/We am a good student. You. wa good friend. 7 Is you /he clever? H soe hungry. X We / She are tired. The flowers in the garden very pretty. ¥ He /is at school. The television ..... in the sitting room. X They / She are English. evousuene The sea . near our house. 7 Is she / they in the bedroom? The books ..... on the chair. X We / He aren't in the garden. Jim and Tonic friends. 7 She / isn't in the kitchen.‘Complete the questions with am, are or is and write answers. THINK TCT sh Eg cand uit Monday today? Pyineiterios Ciao you at home now! / 5 suns Breakfast ready? X 2 .» the clothes on the bed? X 6 sammnnsnn She Outside the door? / the computer on the desk? YT emomnnus WE at the right house? clever? ¥ a x the cats in the basket? x Present Simple: To Be, a negative questions Complete the questions with aren't or isn't. UNS Clore PoiNegative que: asset Fg alae it nice day today! eee freee 1 clever? econ | Isn't she? 2 he ready? | Iso ie? 3 he at work today? Aren't wet 4 the puppies in the basket? — Hel 5 ... they angry about the broken window? 6 the chocolate cake good? 7 you tired after your walk? 8 the teacher happy with your work? We use negative questions when we expect the answer: 'Yes! Isn't it hot today? 5 Yes, itis. I's very hot. Rewrite the sentences with Subject Pronouns. Eg Are the children in the garden? ire they iut the garden? | The restaurant is next to the sea. 2 Peter isn't on the bus. 3. Isn't the actress good? 4 My family and | are very happy to see you. 5 _ Is the doctor on the phone? 6 Mum and Dad aren't in the kitchen.Write sentences or questions with to be Eg he / be / very strong He is very strong. | you / be / tired / today / 2 2 the sea/ be I very warm 3° I) not be / tall 4 the books / be / on her desk Complete the text with is, isn't, are or aren't. Eo) eave. day. The sky (3) He (6) hungry! Tonic (8) (10)... Work with a partner. Take turns to ask and answer the following questions: © Is it sunny today? ® Are you at school now? Is your mum at home now? ™ Are your books heavy? Is your best friend with you now? Write in your diary. Think about: © where you are now. © what the weather is like. © where the other members of your family are. www Jim happy today? Yes, he (1) wn svn He (2) .- cloudy. It (4) in the park giving bread to the ducks. The ducks (7) ... » with Jim. He (9) tthe park. They (11) .. 5 our friends / not be / at home at the moment 6 you! be / ready / for lunch /? 7 Tonic! be / anice dog 8 she / be / at the gym now vn 8 beautiful blue. Jim (5) . we at work. at home. Jim's friends .. at work! © Are you hungry? © Are you thirsty? Is it hot outside? Is ic lunchtime? Is this book easy? LEEELLLLL EL ELLE LEeM Regular & Irregular Plura The Indefinite Article / 7 Articles, S Do you want this This is fun! bone, Tonic? a an a book an ant a girl an egg a house an island a garden an owl a bone an umbrella a uniform an hour a yellow ball an interesting lesson a green apple an adventure story a horrible day an orange bag We use the indefinite articles a and an with singular nouns. a girl on egg We use a before a consonant (b, 6 d. fg A jk, m,n, P, qt, 8.t, %, % y, Z) and an before a vowel (a, €, | 0, u). can opple «flim Sometimes there is an adjective before the noun. When the adjective begins with a consonant, we use a, When it begins with a vowel, we use an. a green apple an interesting film We use a of an to talk about one person, animal or thing in general. (We don't use @ or an to talk about someone or something specific) A bag is on the table. There's @ man outside. Notes Be careful! Some words begin with h or u. When the word begins with a consonant sound, we use a. When the word begins with a vowel sound, we use an ‘an hour, an umbrella, an uncle a hat, a hospital, a hotel, @ unit, @ university, @ uniformWrite a or an, Write a or an. Fg onion apple Fg nnnthann Clever boy I island I «nice girl 2 700 2 . exciting film 3 clock 3 interesting book 4 1» Octopus 4 happy child 5 kite 5 yellow T-shirt 6 doctor 6 . red umbrella 7 Indian 7 awtul day 8 .» hotel 8 . big house 9 hour 9 orange notebook 10 elephant 10 useful lesson The Definite Article the The moon is white. The Atlantic Ocean is very big. The green books are on the table. We use the definite article the: ™ to talk about specific people, things or animals (singular or plural). The boy in the red T-shirt is outside. The blue trousers are on the bed. to talk about something that is unique. Look at the sky. I's so blue! ™ with the names of mountain ranges (the Himalayas), oceans (the Pacific Ocean} and seas (the Black Seq), rivers (the Thames) and deserts (the Sahara Desert) ™ with musical instruments. He plays the guitar. Complete the sentences with a, an or the. Eg There's. i tree in 1 There's... book on the rable. 2 There is .. table in my room, On. There 1S sensor: APPIE IM eens BOW 3 London is . very big city. In z people of London are great! 4 Look! There's. .». umbrella is red and white. w-. man in {lke garden ond there is street. .. We don't use the: | with people's names. Poul and David are best friends. with the names of countries. (But we say: the United States, the Netherlands, etc.) China is an interesting country. with subjects, games or sports. History is my favourite subject. Cluedo is @ great game! She plays basketball. | when the noun is plural and we are talking about people, animals or things in general. Vike films. Elephants are very large animals . ball under tree, v=. book is interesting. table, there is .. bowl, . city there are millions of people. man has got umbrellaComplete the sentences with the or - Eg ZI. Nile is in Africa 1 My cousins are on a skiing holiday in Alps. 2 Dike ..ssserneee history. 3 She lives in USA. 4 My cousin plays ... drums. Regular Plurals ‘Singular Plural pencil pencils bus buses dress dresses brush brushes watch watches fox foxes photo photos tomato tomatoes wife wives leaf leaves party parties boy boys We usually make a noun plural by adding -s. chor > : table > chairs tables We add -es to words that end in -, ss, -sh, ch and -x. dress > dresses fox > foxes When a word ends in a consonant and -y, we take off the -y and add ‘es. baby > babies When a word ends in a vowel and -y, we just add -s. key keys birthday > birthdays .» Nile is a long river. 6 . sun is very hot today. 7 Alot of tourists go to Paris to see the Eiffel Tower, 8 Big Ben is in. London Irregular Plurals ‘Singular Plural child children man men woman women person people foot feet ‘tooth teeth mouse mice sheep sheep deer deer goose geese ox oxen We usually add -s to words that end in -o, Sometimes we add -es. piano > pianos photo > photos tomato “> tomatoes pototo > potatoes When a word ends in -for -fe, we usually take off the for -f¢ and add -ves. But we just add -s to the words giraffe and roof. wie oP whe half halves giroffe > girafes roof > roofs Irregular plurals do not follow any rules, You must learn them.Eg day Write the plurals. ABOUT ITI (eerie knife when we are counting, piano table tomato sandwich .. f 2 3 4 5 6 country 7 8 9 0 box dish address plane Find ten plural words Write the plurals. ox sheep mouse tooth goose person child foot woman deer Three . “ ‘Complete the sentences with the plural [slo E of the words in brackets. B S R P Eg He's got two hundred ......220KS__.1 (book) U T I Six somone aF@ in the field, (sheep) s ° 2 Ten nn .-are on the bus. HUW R (person) ely] x Two «. are in the street. (man) s[ul D sit] w . are playing computer games. (boy) 5 Alotof are in the playground, (child) He's got big nnn (foot) Writing Her... .. are very white. L) (tooth) your room, The smnun are ready now. (pizza) There are four on the table. (glass) 10 We've got two .. nem for the weekend. (video) : \_) aa =" Work with a partner. Draw five things from this unit. Then show them to your partner. Say what each thing is and if you like them or not, Then listen to your partner ELELELLE SEE AELEL EERE ELLE Write a list of the things inPrepositions of Place ? & There Is / There Are Yes, there is, Jim. There are some birds, too. Now go back to sleep at in ext to behind in front of on between near under ‘We use prepositions of place to show where something or someone is located. The most common prepositions of place are: Bat near; i She is at her house in the country. We live near the hospital {i ® behind; 7 i next to; They've behind the schoo The bed is next to the window. © between; i The bank is between the post office and ™ on; the supermarket. The cat is on the chair, | | i under; | | The present is in the bag. The umbrella is under the chair. t © in front of, The blackboard is in front of the students.‘Complete the sentences with the word: in front of near on next to under The bone 15 nll the bow The Bone 1S vnan vw the bowl The bone is - the plate. The bone is the bowl. The bone is. . the bowl. The bone is .. the bowl. The bone is . . two bowls The bone is . the bowl. 1 Find the mistakes and write the sentences correctly Eg There are some useful phrases with prepositions of place. 1 on on the plane/troin/bus on the left/right (on the wall | | in | in bed | | in hospital | ina.cor | in the middle | | non armchair | | | at at school cat work at home ‘ot the top ‘at the bottom LL Herero a Dad isn't in work today. Dad jis There is a painting in the wall. They are in home today. There are five people at the car. The house at is the right. The children are at their bikes now. The table is on the middle of the sitting room. There are strange animals in the bottom of the seaa > g oO a = 4 > Q 3 2 a there is (there's) there is not (there isn’t) | there are there are not (there aren't) » ss Short answers cs Yes, there is. No, there isn’t Yes, there are. No, there aren't, We use there is and there are to talk or L ask about what exists when we are + describing something in the present. i There is 0 baby in the garden. There are two people in the car. There aren't any big houses here. Are there two people in the photograph? 5S" Choose the correct answer. Eg There is ‘There ar®two pencils on the desk. 1 2 3 4a 5 6 7 8 There is / There are hundreds of cars on the roads. There is / There are a post office in the village. There is / There are two books on the chair. There is / There are elephants at the 200. There is / There are a baby in the family. There is / There are a bike in front of the house. There is / There are a dog near the school. There is / There are three children in the classroom. Eg ‘Questicn| Is there Are there ..2 Write answers, L——— Is there a ball on the chair? 7 Les. Is there a Book on the desk? X Are there sweets in the bowl? ¥ Are there people in the school? X Is there ice cream in the freezer? 7 Is there a telephone in the hall? X Is there a computer on the table? / Are there flowers in the garden? Is there a bone in the garden? xSe : Look at the picture on page 12. Write sentences | h There is or There are and Prepositions of Place. | Eg bag /on / desk? ——= are trees int the Is there 4 baw on the desk? alert Eg (trees) ere Tey es 1 pencil /in / pencil case? 2 (flowers) 2 cat/ next to / window? 3 (birds 3 cafés / near / sea? 4 (book) 4 flowers / in / vase? 5 (plans) 6 (umbrella) ..... 5 playground / in front of / school? —________ Complete the text with the words in the box. | behind between in” is middie next on there (2) Work with a partner. Take turns to ask and answer about your bedroom or office, Jim’s bedroom (Eg) nniellbennnnn —fim's bedroom (I). svmeune are lots of things. In the Write a letter toa OFF the room there friend. Describe your 8 souew a big bed. (4) bedroom using there is and there are and as many different the wall (5). wu is a poster of prepostdons'as you ‘cal Superman, Near the window, there is a table r and a chair, (6) nevmnseunnuennm to the table is a BOOKCASE. (7) een the bookcase Dear. : and the door there is a big cupboard with Jim's clothes. Jim's umbrella is (8) . the door, What's your bedroom like? 6T've got my key ina special hiding place. Here you are, Jim! ‘Oh dear, I haven't got my key, Well done, Tonic! Tonic, Have you got a key? You're brilliant! Have got Affirmative Negative Question Ihave (I've) got Ihave not (haven't) got Have | got? you have (you've) got you have not (haven't) got Haye you got? he has (he's) got he has not (hasn't) got Has he got? she has (she's) got she has not (hasn't) got Has she got? it has (it's) gor it has not (hasn't) got Has it got? ‘we have (we've) got we have not (haven't) got Have we got? you have (you've) got you have not (haven't) got Have you got? they have (they've) got they have not (haven't) got Have they got? Short answers Yes, | have. No, | haven't, oN Yes, you have. No, you haven't Yes, he has. No, he hasn't. Yes, she has No, she hasn't Yes, it has. No, it hasn't, Yes, we have. No, we haven'. > Yes, you have. No, you haven't. ‘ Yes, they have No, they haven't We use have got: ® to show that something belongs to someone. © to talk about a health They've got a new camera problem. Tve got toothache. to describe a person, thing or animal. She hasn't got brown hair. The house has got a blue door.Complete the sentences with the short form of have got. Complete the sentences with the negative form of have got hawvestt gol They onntitver't gor Fg «a big dog. Eg . 0 big flat. 1 lots of rings on your fingers. H a pet. 2 a house in che country. 2 a big balcony. 3 a good job. 3 w+ black and yellow pen. 4 sw. two brothers. 4 a house by the sea. 5 bad toothache. 5 a car. 6 two goldfish. 6 time for this. 7 They a small garden, 7 She mem w» blue eyes; she's got 8 My bedroom... .a large window. green eyes. et .. long hair. Complete the questions with have got and the words in brackets ce Wil. Have you got any CDs? Mel INK | (the baby) dark hair? 2 (you) good friends at school? 3. zi 1a dirty face? 4 (Martha) a headache? 5 (he) a motorbike? 6 (they) tickets for the concert? 7 (the dog) bone? 8 (village) anon a post office? Answer the questions. Give extra information if you can. Eg Have you got brown eyes? No. { haven't. I've got green eyes I Have you got a CD player? 2 Have you got short hair? 3 Have you got a headache? 4 Have you got brothers and sisters? 5 Have you got a bike? 6 Have you got a good job?ablackrése —anicetiouse red coat big muscles fair hair four legs, ten bones white fur Jim's got ... F z a 3. Tonic / ten bones? 4 jim [ Grammarman clothes? Write the words in the correct order. Eg got/hair / you / have / dark /? Have vou wot dark hair? 1 has/ cat / she /a/ white / got 2 hasn't / red / he / jacket / got a 3 apiece of cake / got / have J you /? 18 Put the words and phrases in the correct part of the chart, THINK® Then write questions and answers about Jim and Tonic. Grammarman clothes Tonic’s got ... a black nose Ae (fesenacs i eae Cerone) Sua Tonic / fair hair? Tonic /a tail? Jim {a black nose? Tonic / a red coat? four / they / got / children / haven't Jim / white got / has I Porsche /a/? I sore finger / got / a / haveRewrite the sentences using the full form. Eg It's a hot doy. itis a hot " 1 Tonic’s a clever dog. 2 Tonic’s got a lot of bones. 3 The boy's in the classroom. 4 There's a strange person outside. Complete the text with have got. | My name's Sandra. | (Eg) and my sister is only seven. | (I) . @ ‘a computer but he (4) J CD player but I (6) . a big car and a small house by the sea. We (8) .. THINK) Ate git! road = Gros aaa ‘Ses gor a toll ssters = She has pot tll 5 Look at the cake! It’s got cherries on it! 6 She's got a headache. 7 He's my best friend, 8 Mary's got two brothers and a sister. (V) a brother and a sister. My brother is fifteen www (V) lots of books and some CDs. My sister .- (¢) five dolls and lots of games. My brother (3) ” ~. (X) a personal stereo. | (5) Va ~ (X) a camera. My mum and dad (7) ” -(V) a white cat, too. Pairwork J) Work with a partner. Tell your partner what you have or haven't got. Then tell him/her what the members of your family have or haven't got. Writing © what you have got. 1 what you haven't got. ‘Write a paragraph about yourself. Think about:Review 1 (Units 1-4) ——E_Complete the sentences with the Present Simple of to be. Eg He very hungry. Po The light onnssnnnne Of NOW. ¥ 5 2 The river .. near our house. X ‘ 3. The pens... ‘on the desk. X 7 4° James and Margaret .. friends. 4 8 EE Complete the questions with am, are or is and write answers cH - it cold today? 7 1 . dinner ready? 7 5 you at work now? 7 2 «the postman at the door? ¥ 6 emma the shoes under the bed? X 3 remun We nearly home? X 7 the telephone next to the bed? / 4 «the dogs in the garden? XB vwnn YOu happy? Choose the correct answe Eg Isthe)/ they happy? 1 They / She is English. 2. Are she/ they in the car? 3. We/ He aren't in the house. 4 He! lisn’t in the garden. a Write sentences or questions with to be SESE ea eee eee Eg he /not be / very tired 1 our friends / be / at the cinema now 5 2 the little girl / be / ready for school / 2 6 3. jim be / very kind 7 4 Mrs Brown / not be /at the office now 8 20 eon he / not be / very strong very lucky today. X a good friend. » thirsty now. X the garden 1 She am a teacher. Are you he tired? We / I are hungry. He / is at the gym. you / be / sad today /? the sea / be / very cold the keys / be / in her bag ae4 Put the words in the correct part of the chart. ant apple bag banana cat elephant funny story happy girl hour house insect interesting day orange jacket unhappy boy wet dog _yellow chair 1 m a Write the plurals. a Complete the sentences with there is or there are. L Seuber Plc Eg . two pencils on the desk. ae _ Wo cats in our house. .a car in the street. ..a supermarket near the school. ‘twenty students in our class. ..a nice restaurant in this street. . hundreds of apples on the tree. . five CDs in the bag. ..a bird on my balcony, eNVaneune we aia SNe 2 brush 9 woman | 10 boy IL person 12 child 13. mouse 14 foot 15 party= Write questions and answers with there is or there are, Eg a bag /on/ the desk /? 7 Istherea. roses / in// the vase /? 7 5 pens / in the drawer | ? X 2 two oranges / on / the table /? X 6 a blackboard / in / the classroom /? 7 a big park / opposite / your school / ? X 7 assmall dog fin / his garden /? 7 4 ablack cat/ under / the chair /? 7 8 nice restaurants / near / the sea /? / —_8 Find the mistakes and write the sentences correctly. Eg Dad isn't in work todoy. Dad isn't at wor | There are ewo dogs on the middle of the road. 2 The students are not in school today. 3 There are five people in the bus stop. 4 It’s the third house at the right. alee 5 Grandma sits on her armchair every day. 6 The picture is on the top of the page. 7 Mum is in-home. My sister's room is in my room and the bathroom.~ FE Complete the sentences with Prepositions of Place, |) Eg The ball is. the chair, 1 The ball is the chai 4 The ball is... the two chairs. 2 The ballis the chair 5 The ball is... the chair. 3° The ball is the chair. ‘Complete the sentences with have got. Use the short form. — Pee a ree ee Oe ease VEIL noun anew bike, A wo @ headache, 7 .a house by the sea. X a beautiful garden. 7 a new dictionary. X good marks. 7 . any brothers or sisters. X a big car. X two kittens. 7 > ———™ Complete the questions with have got and the words in brackets. fg TAYE YOU £0L... a pet? (you) ‘a new car? (Mr Evans) ... tickets for the cinema? (they) a CD player? (you) .a headache? (Susan) fair hair? (the baby) cousins in Australia? (you) paint on my face? (I) wa sore throat? (the boy) eV auawnP . ‘ t Possessive Adjectives & Pronouns, 's, | Demonstratives & Who's/Whose? 4 | 1 Whose is that Come back, Tonic! house, Tonic? That's her cat! I don't know, No, it isn't. Grammarman. It's mine now! Possessive Adjectives Subject Pronouns Possessive Adjectives 1 my Complete the sentences with Possessive you your Adjectives. | he his she her Eg nl... book is next to the bed. (!) it its we our milk is in the bow. (it) va bad bag is here. (you) | house is next to the café, (they) car is blue. (we) 1 3 sister is my best friend, (he) garden is lovely! (you) trainers are red. (she) We use possessive adjectives when: bikes are big. (you) ™ something belongs to someone. This is my car. ® someone has a particular relationship with someone or something. Gary is her brother. THINK Xe Notes “ We don't use the or a with possessive eRe adjectives. r Piranon My bike is in the garden. The bike is in the garden, arscaie (Snes 24Possessive 's We use 's to show that something belongs to someone. They are Ben's books. We add 's to names or to singular nouns. Jilts father has got 0 good job. The gir's father has got a good job. When the noun is plural, we add an apostrophe. The girls’ fathers have got good jobs. When the noun has an irregular plural, we add ’s. The children's fathers have got ‘good jobs. | Possessive Pronouns Possessive Adjectives my mine your yours his his her hers ies 7 our ours your your their theirs Fe Possessive Pronouns Complete the sentences with the Possessive’'s (5 or ') and the words in brackets. .» house is opposite the school. (Greg) handbag is by the door. (Mary) name is George. (cousin) car is a Honda. (father) . dog is called Bernie. (boys) seus House is near our house. (friend) room is on the right. (headmaster) names are Bob and Joe. (brothers) clothes are very expensive. (men) Complete the sentences with Possessive Pronouns. Eg The CD player is 0 1 The brown case is (he) 2 The blue pencil is ocnnnm (YOU) 3 The coffee over there IS cau mnnn » (She) 4 The house is « (they) 5 The money is... (you) 6 The apples are . = (we) We use possessive pronouns when something belongs to someone or when someone has a particular relationship with something. The bag is hers. After a possessive adjective, there is always a noun. But a possessive pronoun replaces 2 possessive adjective and a noun It's her bag. It's hers. I's my book. The book is mine. iNO Demonstratives We use demonstratives to show that something ‘or someone is near us (this, these) or further Plural be away (that, those) these This is my bog, That bog is yours those These pens are Sue's, Those are Helen's pens. When we want to ask a question, we use the verb to be. Is this your book? Is this book yours? Are these Sue's pencils? Are these pencils Sue's? ice cream newspaper gq _hal is. peta ' 5 2 - 6 3 7 + 8 Who's?/Whose? a ‘Choose the correct answer. We mustn't confuse Who's .? and Whose ..? By Who's KWhoss) bag is this? Who's ..? means Who is .? Who's / Whose pens are these? Who's at the door? (Who is at the door?) Who's / Whose on the phone? Who's / Whose at the door? Who's / Whose are those books? Who's / Whose ticket is this? Who's / Whose at home? Whose ...? asks who something belongs to. Whose is this key? Whose shoes are these? eon eneRewrite the sentences. Theyre mine Eg These are my pens. This is her calculator. if | Those are his trousers. This is her car, That is their dog. Those are our sandwiches. That is my English book 2 3 4 5 6 These are your CDs. 7 8 9 0 This Is our Mew HOUSE. nnn & Those are your clothes. Those are my trainers. : ' Those are their games. 2 3 4 Work with a partner. Find five objects in your bag or pockets and put them on the table in front of you. Talk about the objects. For example: 5 This is my pen. I's mine. This is your book. I's yours. Take turns to talk about all the objects. Ask your teacher if you don't know the word for an object. i Aintree} the language you have learnt in this unit. Celi! Waco (iar taster Whose cat is this? FD choose the correct answer is this pencil? a Who's (6) Whose ¢ Who Is this your car? Yes, it's a our b we © ours This book is... ajim's — b thejim’s ¢ Jim apples are green. aThat b Mine —_¢ Those The CDs are athey theirs their swe Parents have got a shop. aHers bHer — € Whose .~ fil's clothes? a Are these b These are ¢ Is this Write ten sentences or questions about yourself, your family and friends using 2792 23 » I don't want egg and chips. Present Simple Affirmative Negative T want 1 do not (don't) want you want you do not (don't) want he wants he does not (doesn't) want she wants she does not (doesn't) want it wants it does not (doesn't) want we want we do not (don't) want you want you do not (don't) want they want they do not (don't) want Short answers Yes, | do. No, I don't Yes, you do, No, you don't, Yes, he does. No, he doesn't Yes, she does. No, she doesn't Yes, it does. No, it doesn't. Yes, we do. No, we don't Yes, you do, No, you don't. Yes, they do. No, they don't We use the Present Simple to talk about: ™ permanent states. ‘My mother lives in Birmingham. #, Present Simple, Adveros of ' Frequency & Prepositions of Time Do you want a Grammarman pizza, Jim? Question Do | wane? Do you want? Does he want? Does she want? Does it want? Do we want? Do you want? Do they want? ™ things we do often, ™ general truths. He visits his grandparents every weekend. It gets hot in Spain in the summer.In the third person singular affirmative (he, she, it), we add -s to the verb, find > finds laugh laughs We add -es to verbs which end in ss, -sh, ch, and -0 in the third person singular affirmative. press > presses wash > washes watch > ~ watches fix fixes do > — does When a verb ends in a consonant + -y, we take off the -y and add -ies in the third person singular affirmative. tidy > tidies mary > — marries Complete the chart. When a verb ends in a vowel + -y, we just add -s in the third person singular affirmative. soy > says In the negative and question forms, we use the auxiliary verb do/does and the main verb in its infinitive form. They don't swim in the winter. David doesn't lke spaghetti. Do you work on Saturdays? Does Helen go to school on Sundays? In short answers, we only use do/does. We don't use the main verb. Do you like the theatre? Yes, | do. Does he eat fish? No, he doesn't. Complete the sentences with the negative form of the Present Simple. Verb play wash 3rd Person Singular miss live, fix fly know write do watch BVauruwn- buy Complete the questions with the Present Simple and write answers. op music? (you / like) 7 s-enenw the words? (he / know) 4 5 meat? (they I eat) X nice? (I/look)¥ 7 tennis! (she / play) X © chicken, (ike). football. (play) history. (teach) a lot of television. (watch) to the gym. (go) .~-@ lot of fruit. (eat) French. (speak) bike to work. (ride) cola. (drink) w» letters to them? (you / write) ¥ a lot of clothes? (they / buy) X a big car? (that woman / drive) well! (your father / cook) X N ©SO Adverbs of Frequency When we talk about habits or we want to say how often something happens, we use adverbs of frequency. The adverbs of frequency are: never sometimes often usually always 0% —_— — —_ 0% Adverbs of frequency usually come before the main verb, unless the verb is to be. | often go to the cinema, He is usually late for work, Time expressions such as every day, every week, once a week, on Mondays, etc usually go at the beginning or the end of a sentence. He walks to work every day. ‘On Mondays she plays basketball Write the words in the correct order. Eg she / basketball / plays / often She often plays basketb: | late / they / for dinner J never / are 2 Tom J wears / usually / jeans 3. take us / our parents / sometimes / to school / by car 4° wear / that silly hat / you / do / always /? 5 Fiona | for tea / often / cakes / makes 6 usually /1/ not / have / at this time / breakfast / do 7 busy / the doctor / always / is |? 8 —not/ our parents / go swimming / do / often Prepositions of Time at on in at six o'clock on Saturdays in the morning at night ‘on Monday mornings in the afternoon at the weekend ‘on Sth May in the evening at Christmas on my birthday in 1987 at Easter on Christmas Day in the winter in June in the holidays‘Complete the sentences with at, on or in. Eg He goes to the beach every day en. fl Christmas we visit our friends in London. He wakes up early Do you go to bed late night? | always have a party my birthday. ‘Write sentences with the Present Simple. Eg Jim wash / the car J Saturdays Jim washes the car on Saturdays, 1 Jim and Tonic / not go / to work / Sundays 2° Tonic / never / eat / fish 3 Jim / always / help f people / 2 Complete the sentences with one word in each gap. Jim does not woke up at the same time..." Ee Get The children have English lessons day. not like strawberry ice cream We have cereal and milk for breakfast da . your best friend live near you? They do The sun is very hot ... the summer. Peter .. not work in a bank. Do you watch TV late wn night? .-- the holidays. 2 He plays football. . Sundays. 3 I have an English lesson ... seven o'clock 4 We go on holiday the winter. 5 They often go to the cinema sarcewsunnn the weekend. 6 My birthday is [3th February. 7 She swims the summer. 8 9 0 4 5 6 Mondays and Wednesdays. y: usually go out on Sunday evenings. the evening, -» Saturday mornings and goes shopping Jim and Tonic / play / football / the weekend Jim J sometimes / watch TV / the evenings Jim and Tonic / often / clean / the house / FridaysWrite the words in the correct order. Eg often / chess / she / with a friend / plays 4 | | on holiday / go / they / never / January in 2 Saturdays / goes / usually / she / on / out / with her friends 3 they / spaghetti / eat / do / often /? 4 have / doesn't / the / at / she / English lessons / weekend 5 sometimes / see /1/ my aunt / after school 6 see / he J every J doesn't / his best friend / week Find the mistakes and write the sentences correctly. Fg He like basketball likes b Ke 1 You want an ice cream? 2 They not go on holiday every year. 3 Do he often goes to the gym? 4 Hes catches the train every day. 5 They finish school on June. 6 She don't want pizza today. Complete the text with the Present Simple. My big brother is funny. He (Eg) ().. but he (3) (like) football but he (not like) basketball. He (2) . . (not study) a lot sme (Get) good marks at university. He (4) .. {not tidy) hi (6). and read a book. | (8) room but he (5) (tidy) his desk, He (talk) a lot but he often (7)... (want) to be quiet (not understand) my brother! 32Complete the sentences with the Present Simple. Fovennnilan' Hk vegetables. (not like) you He often ... They ... she . He usually they «. Do you live in a flat or a house? Have you got any brothers or sisters? What do you do in the mornings? What do you do in the evenings? What do you do in your free time? Write a paragraph about your partner using his/her answers from the ‘questions above. every day? (study) football on television. (watch) sen tO the gym on Sundays. (not go) 1a lot of books? (read) a lot of fish when he goes fishing. (catch) - football. | play volleyball. (not play) Work with a partner. Take turns to ask and answer the following questions: RigliNiss ABOUT IT! cna eu Wate their friends often? (visit) . sweets, but she likes cakes. (not like) LEAS | ™ Do you like music? ™ Do you play the piano? ™ Do you like sport? Do you play football? Do you read lots of books?63 softly carefully nicely noisily simply hard fast late early well Adverbs describe how we do something. She drives her car carefily. We usually make adverbs by adding - to the adjective. quick => helpful = > ‘quickly helpfilly When the adjective ends in-y, we take off the -y and add -iy. easy = > easly ‘When the adjective ends in -le, we take off the -e and add +. simple > simply Some adverbs don't end in -y and have the same form as the adjective hard = hard — fast. «> fast early > cory fate = ate Some adverbs don't end in -ly and have a different form from the adjective. good > well Adverbs that describe how we do something usvally go after the main verb He runs quickly around the park every morning.Too ST and ‘more than is necessary or wanted. 1 can't lft that box. It's too heavy. We usually use the word too to say that someone is too small, big, slow, ete to do something. We use: too + adjectiveladverb + to + verb. She's too young to go to a nightclub Enough ba Too has a negative meaning. It means very much, Complete the sentences with Adverbs quickly He talks very ws when he's om the phone. (quick) 1 Please play... seonsewn Children I've got a headache. (quiet) 2 She does very .. exams. (good) 3° Drive home! (careful) 4 The teacher explains . (slow) 5 trun 6 usually get up ... Sundays. (late) 7 Those children speak un. (polite) 8 The little boy plays . with his toys every day. (wren in her (fast) 9 Jim sings ssewinenee iM the bath, (loud) 10 She plays the piano (ead) Enough has a positive meaning. It means as ‘many/much as is necessary or wanted. It goes before a noun but after an adjective or adverb. There are enough chairs in the room. She can pass her exam, She's clever enough, ‘He can win the race. He's fast enough, We often use the word enough to say that someone or something is small, big, slow, ‘etc enough to do something. We use: adjectiveladverb + enough + to + verb les warm enough to go swimming today. enough + noun + to + verb. I've got enough money to buy a new CD, 3‘Complete the sentences with too and the words in brackets. pa See eee ee Eg Hes ne too lazy to. . hard. (lazy, study) Foti aos for lunch. (hungry, wait) 2 es a picnic. (cold, have) 3. They're. .."n0". (polite, say) 4 The exercise is vw» (difficult, do) 5 The coat is “ . . (expensive, buy) 6 The food is : (hot, eat) 7 tm this dress! (young, wear) 8 She's .. . out. (tired, go) 1 4 ge y The weather isn't out. (warm, go) Bee He isn’t. all his exams, (clever, pass) Ie isn't swimming, (hot, go) aunawn- & She isn't swe the race. (fast, win) The painting is. on the wall. (good, put) The little girl isn't suininsninnrnnennen the door. (tall, open) The boy is a car. (old, drive) Eg There isn't. .. thirty children. (food, feed) Have you got .. those trainers? (money, buy) \ 2 Thaven't got .. .. the bicycle now. (time, mend) 3 We've got .. to all the children. (sweets, give) 4 Have they got the party this weekend? (time, have) 5 Tonic has got .. .. with. (bones, play) & ‘hoose the correct answer Eg There aren't... for everyone. a sandwiches enough @ enough sandwiches 1 My mother is... to come to the meeting. 4 The beds are ... a too busy b busy enough a softly b soft enough 2 The boys work very .. 5 The book is too difficult... a slow b slowly a to read b read 3 She speaks English very 6 He plays football a badly b good a well b goodMatch and write sentences, Ubi eae ArT Eg He is not old enough to a beautifully I The children shout \ b to go for a walk. He works very hard, 2 It's raining too hard © fast along this road Gr 3. There isn’t enough every Saturday, vanisalce eee eS oat 5 She sings f orange juice for all our friends. ay 6 He plays basketball g drive a car bg fe is not ole en ince Work with a partner. Take turns to ask and answer the following questions: ™ Do you get up early or late on work/schoo! days? ® Do you sing beautifully? ™ Do you go to bed early or late on work/school days? ™ Do you drive your car/ride your bike " Do you get up early or late at the weekend? carefully or carelessly? ™ Do you go to bed early or late at the weekend? ™ Do you speak English well or badly? ™ Do you play football well or badly?‘And what are you doing now, Jim? What are you doing, Tonic? YT’ painting the Tim cleaning the I'm having a bath, Jim! house, Tonic. windows, Tonic. Present Continuous Affirmative Negative Question Lam (Vr) eating am not (I'm not) eating ‘Am | eating? you are (you're) eating you are not (aren't) eating ‘Are you eating? he is (he's) eating he is not (isn't) eating Is he eating? " she is (she's) eating she isnot (isn’t) eating “Is shie eating? itis (t's) eating itis not (isn't) eating Is it eating? we are (we're) eating we are not (aren't) eating Are we eating? you are (you're) eating you are not (aren't) eating Are you eating? they are (they're) eating they are not (aren't) eating Are they eating? Short answers Yes, | am, No, I'm not. Yes, you are. No, you aren’. Yes, he is. No, he isn't. 2 Yes, she is No, she isnt \ Yes, it isn't No, it isn't. NS \ Yes, we are. No, we aren't Yes, they are. No, they aren't = ~ wie)We use the Present Continuous to talk about: things that are in progress at the time of speaking. What are they doing? They're eating their lunch. 5 things that are in progress around the time of speaking or that are temporary. > He's looking for a new flat. The Present Continuous is formed with am/ore/s and the main ver’ with the -ing ending. jump => jumping When the main verb ends in -e, we take off the -e and add ~ing. make => making When the verb ends in a consonant and before that consonant there is a vowel, we double the final consonant and add ing. win winning When the verb ends in, we double the -I and add -ing. cancel > cancelling ‘When the verb ends in -ie, we take off the “ie and add -y and -ing. | tie > ying lie > bing de > — dying Notes We can use time expressions such as now, at the moment, these days, at present, today, etc with | the Present Continuous. She's washing her car at the moment. Make the -ing form of the verbs and put them in the correct part of the chart. ane dese come draw drive ae give 0 leave open play put ride run sit stop study swim hit > hitting write > writing work > working wuing closi carryComplete the sentences with the Present Continuous. oy te to my friend at the moment. (talk) 1 They . letters to their friends. (write) 2 Mum lunch ready. (get) 3 The boys their bikes in the street. (ride) 4 V cusststnnseninennne& picture of the flowers. (draw) 5 Where's Dad? He on the balcony. (sit) 6 The children hard for the test. (study) 7 She sun HOW tO use a Computer. (learn) 8 We in France at present. (live) football at the moment. (play) to the cassette. (listen) very hard. (work) fish for lunch. (have) today. (snow) breakfast now. (make) at the moment. (sleep) his mother to clean the house today. (help) any work. Come and help me! (do) ‘Complete the questions with the Present Continuous and write answers. Eg yu cools lunch? (murm / cook) 1 at you? (the baby / smile) 2 1a good time? (you / have) “ 3 the exercise in their books? (the students do) X 4 at the moment? (he / eat) X 5 for the bus? (they / wait) “ 6 es i ‘outside? (it / rain) £ 7 ee .. now! (you / leave) X 8 con your computer? (your sister / play)Write sentences with the Present Continuous Eg fim /read / the newspaper Jim is realing 1 Tonic / eat / his bone 2 Dad / wash / the car 3. the cat / drink / coffee 4° it/ rain / outside 5 the children / play / tennis 6 he /run / at the gym Work with a partner. It is eight o’clock on a Saturday evening. Your partner, your partner's family i and a few friends are at his/her house. Ask your partner what everyone is doing. Write a short e-mail to a friend. Tell him/her: | what you are doing at the moment. what the weather is like. - ] what the members of your family are doing.—_# ‘Complete the chart. Review 2 (Units 5-8) Boe af ce PeRte Toe emer mine you a eeu Rwn— =a 7 Complete the sentences with Possessive Pronouns, fs 1 2 3 + 5 6 7 8 42 en is on the table, (I) _ new coat is very nice. (you) . coffee is over there. (she) . camera is new. (1) _ car is silver. (we) It’s my cassette, It's eeunMti They're your cakes. They're .. They're our sweets. They're .. They're his trousers. They're e's her bag. It's It’s his computer. It's They're my biscuits. They're It’s her cup of tea. It's le’s their flat. It's brother is my best friend. (she) . house is next to the school. (they) a ia Complete the sentences with the Present Simple. L__ {RESESERSEESEEESESS come... from Dublin. come) a lot of bread. (eat) Spanish. (not speak) to work by bus. (not go) sun Coffee every morning. (drink) My friends __ chess. (not play) . geography. (teach) She .. Susan and | .. lot of clothes every year. (buy) We sn in Birmingham. (not live) Complete the questions with the Present Simple and write answers. classical music? (you / ike) to your grandparents every month? (you / write) / a lot of people? (they / know) X . her car? (Shella / often J wash) 7 nice meals? (Danny / always! cook) 7 ‘to music? (he / often / listen) X .a lot of fruit? (the parrot / eat) / .an ice cream? (you / want) X a car? (she / drive) 7 Choose the correct answer. What time do you get up(@)/ at the mornings? | In] Acwinter, we go skiing. They often go out for a meal on / at the weekend. His birthday is at / in September. She goes to the beach on / in the summer. We open our presents early on / at Christmas Day. He goes to the gym at / on Saturdays, | usually have a maths lesson to / at eight o'clock. ON aurun He travels a lot at / in the holidays.1 The jacket is (old, wear) 2 The spaghetti is (hot, eat) 3 The books are (heavy, carry) 4 She's (busy, visit) Complete the chart. quick [5 Complete the sentences with too and the words in brackets, | \ heavy simple horrible angry | polite beautiful 44 7 The song is her friends. out with you. (tired, go) It’s. ‘out. (wet, go) He's (young, understand) (difficult, learn) 8 ie .a picnic. (cold, have) | Rewrite the sentences using the word given. The exercise is too difficult to do. easy The exercise fs.notcasy.cnoush to do, The soup is too hot to drink, cool The SOUP sen : oe 4 to drink The students are not old enough to understand the lesson. young The students the lesson. The children are too short to reach the top shelf tall The children. to reach the top shelf, The bed is too hard for me. soft The bed for me. The bag is too heavy to lift easily. light The bag - to lift easily. . The girl is too slow co win the race. fast 1 | wowinthe race { I 4Ca Complete the sentences with enough and the words in brackets. There aren’ S204 good pr ununies £0. WAC! on television. (good programmes, watch) Jim has got (books, read) Have you got that necklace? (money, buy) | haven't got .. v» Your homework now. (time, check) . to all the children. (cakes, give) There isn't \ 2 3 | 4 We've got 5 in the sandwiches. (ham, put) 6 Has she got .. sou @ cake? (eggs, make) mt Complete the sentences with the Present Continuous. Eg .- brightly today. (shine) 1 They .. 1» letters to their cousins in America. (write) 2 . breakfast ready? (get) 3 ‘to music. (not listen) 4 «the dog for a walk. (take) 5 soup for lunch. (not have) 6 today. (not rain) 7 that mountain over there. (paint) 8 late tonight. (not work) A nissan for 5 the bus? (the people / run) / baby / sleep) X 2 outsidel 6 s snenen & party? (you f have) x at the 7 the students’ compositions? (Miss Harris / mark) / on the 8 .. their homework! (they / do) X il 45| Present Simple & ' Present Continuous T do the same things But today, I'm flying a every day. I go for a walk, I helicopter and Jit is teaching dig for my bone, T have my mel I love surprises! dinner and T go to sleep. Present Simple and Present Continuous $ Affirmative | Negative & Present Teat 1 do not (don't) eat Do | eat? Simple he eats he does not.(doesn't) eat Does he eat? | Present Lam (('m) eating 1 am not (I'm not) eating ‘Am | cating? t Continuous he is (he's) eating he is not (he isn't) eating Is he eating? | We use the Present Simple to talk about: We use the Present Continuous to talk about: | permanent situations. ‘My brother works in London. | things that are in progress at the time we are speaking. © habits. She's making lunch now. 1 go to the gym every day. things that are in progress around the ™ general truths. time of speaking or that are temporary. Lions eat meat. They're painting the garage at the moment.Time Expressions always We often use adverbs of frequency (never, sometimes, often, usually, always) and time expressions such as at the weekend, on Saturdays, every day, in the mornings, in the summer, etc with the Present Simple. He usually leaves for work at eight o'clock They go for long walks at the weekend. Complete the sentences with the Present Simple. He .0es!t Wall his breakfast. (not want) Eg They very hot weather. (not like) i YOU sven that boy Over there? (know) 2 She se WeFY fast. (Fun) 3 in England? (live) They i .. French lessons on 4 Fridays. (not have) 5 She coffee. (not like) Spanish? (speak) 6 sone BY train, (always travel) i 8 at present fon Sundays at the moment often this month Present Simple Present Continuous always now every day this term We often use time expressions such as now, at the moment, these days, at present, this term, this year, tonight, etc with the Present Continuous. Tam watching the news at the moment. He's working very hard this term, ‘Complete the sentences with the Present Continuous. They so» @ house near the sea. (build) sonne they . French or German? (learn) She ... . supper this evening. (pot cook) The children owe pictures of fruit and vegetables. (draw) .. the news on television, He .... the moment. (play) Where is Susan? vom @ NW Computer game at she her friends? (visit) The students i hard this term. (not work) 1 1a letter. (not write) Put the words and expressions in the correct part of the chart. inthe winter DOW" this year usually‘Write sentences with the Present Simple and Present Continuous. Eg Jim / usually /get up / seven o'clock / but | firm / usually / go to the gym / eight o'clock / today he / sleep bur today he / have breakfast tinusuadly,gets..up ci seven.oiclock, but.today.dte.is.sheenians, 2 fim / usually / leave for work / nine o'clock / 3. Jim / usually J take Tonic for a walk / the but this morning he / water the flowers / evenings / but this evening he / play with in his garden Tonic fin the park c 4 Jim / usually / read a book / in bed / but tonight he / dance with his friendsEg ' 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Complete the sentences with the Present Simple or Present Continuous. | THINK IeS nine o'dock and they von Af2,OPCMtIe the shop now. (open) Coal) on Saturdays. (work) at the moment? (shine) the heavy bags. (always / not carry) She's got a headache and she . down. (lie) . my friends at the weekend. (often / visit) .. her new job today. (not begin) . presents to our family at Christmas. (give) .. to go on the school trip? (want) He never ‘and one consonant then we Choose the correct answer. I wake up at the same time at the moment /@ery day> Look! She runs /is running to catch the bus. We are not working at the moment / in the mornings. We are on holiday. Do you play / Are you playing with your friend every day? They are visiting their aunt at the moment / on Saturdays. x Every morning she goes / is going for a run around the park. Do you go to work by bus today / every day? I's cold this morning and we wear / are wearing our coats. I don't come here often / this afternoon. Paine Work with a partner. Ask your partner what he/she usually does at the weekend. Writing Write a paragraph about yourself, Think about: © what you usually do at the weekend, = what you are doing now.‘He must have swimming lessons. T can't save him every day! 7 Yes, of course. Watch mel Can for Ability & Permission ‘Affirmative Negative Question’ I can swim | cannot (can't) swim Can I swim? you can swim you cannot (can't) swim Can you swim? he can swim he cannot (can’t) swim Can he swim? she can swim she cannot (can't) swim Can she swim? it can swim it cannot (can't) swim Can it swim? we can swim we cannot (can't) swim Can we swim? you can swim you cannot (can't) swim Can you swim? they can swim they cannot (can't) swim Can they swim? Short answers Yes, | can. No, | can't, Yes, you can No, you can't Yes, he can. No, he can’t. Yes, she can. No, she can’t. Yes, it can No, it can't Yes, we can, No, we can’t. Yes, you can No, you can'e. Yes, they can. No, they can't. We use can and can't to talk about ability We use can to talk about the present and the They are followed by a bare infinitive future. J can sing. 1 can go to the shops now. You can play the pion. She can come to our party next week. Gan he draw? Notes Wee also use can to ask for or give permission We often use can with verbs of feeling, such as to do something. see, hear, smell, etc. Can | stay at my friend's house at the weekend? Can you see the bus? You can borrow my car. 1 can hear the phone ringing,TD complete the sentences with ean and the verbs in brackets the guitar, (not play) on holiday this year. (not go) YOU srusuosnunnninen the Sea from the village? (see) th T-.2uh run 100 metres, (run) I you . .» French? (speak) a) to the concert on Friday. (not come) Sees me with the bags. (help) 4 She. .- her keys. (not find) 5 they ~ well? (swim) 6 7 8 ‘Complete the sentences with can and the verbs, in brackets. : Fg Eg aL. she Lu... some chocolates after school? (buy) 1 You srsentenneneeneens CO MUSIC NOW. It's late! 1 (not listen) 2 It's hot! smn the window? (open) Bit was a new watch for your 2 birthday. (have) 4 pemue Els ‘our friends to the 3 house on Saturday? (invite) 5 eesti sunumuun the match this evening? 4 6 You.. suns Out Now. Do your homework! (not go) 7 sow they a new pair of jeans : ‘on Saturday? (buy) 8 You... ... up late tonight. You have a school tomorrow. (not stay) 7 8 Write questions and answers. you / cook a meal? 7 vou. 200 Yes, [eau they / swim? ¥ he / play the violin? ¥ she / speak leaian? 7 you / ride a horse? 7 we / have a pizza! ¥ 1/ close the window? ¥ they / watch TV? X she / come with us! ¥Must for Obligation & Prohibition a ae: gative I must go I must not (mustn't) go Must I go? you must go you must not (mustn't) go Must you go? he must go he must not (mustn't) go | Must he go? she must go she must not (mustn't) go | Must she go? : it must go it must not (mustn't) go | Must it go? | we must go ‘we must not (mustn't) go | Must we go? | you must go you must not (mustn't) go | Must you go? | they must go ‘they must not (mustn't) go | Must they go? Guishorianwes) | Yes, | must. No, | mustn't. | | Yes, you must. No, you mustn't. 1a | Yes, he must. No, he mustn't / | Yes, she must. No, she mustn't. / | Yes, it must. No, it mustn't. | | Yes, we must. No, we mustn't iN Yes, you must. No, you mustn't. \' Yes, they must. No, they mustn't. r 1 | We use must to talk about obligation, Must is We use must to talk about the present and | | followed by a bare infinitive. the future. | | must go to the dentist. You must stop writing now. | She must visit her parents this weekend. We must go to the bank tomorrow. q We use mustn't to talk about things we are Notes | not allowed to do (prohibition). Must" sje isnot very polite to use must when we are also followed by a bare infinitive. i t talking to someone we don't know well or | I mustn't be late, bsg ; to someone who is older than us. You mustn't drive too fost. Complete the sentences with must or mustn’t. Eg You ust. smoke in this building. X V YOU sinemnn take photos in the museum. X 2 YOU snsonninn F088 the street at the zebra crossing. 3 You park here. X 4 YOU sennnnn Wear a helmet on a motorbike. $ YOU eens talk in the library. X 6 You . put your litter in the bin. 7 You... .. take your dog with you to a restaurant. X 8 look after your pet. 7Write sentences with must. ABOUT IT! we / go to school / every day 7 We must go to school every day. NOISES you / talk in class x 6 she / forget her books x Hs sa tener 7 (Veet tis meat! we / go home / soon 7 8 You fish your work tis evening? 9 V7 be late for school X they / make a lot of noise X 10 we / stick pictures on the walls X Write questions with must or can. | Must the) their teachers? Yes, they must listen to their teachers. No, they can't snowboard. Yes, they must wear school uniform. Yes, they can join the drama club. Yes, he must be on time for work. Write a short article about your friends. Think about: No, they can’t use mobile phones in class. | what they can / can’t do. | what they must / mustn't do, LULELELELLE ERLE ELEEE EEL | Work with a partner. Using can, take turns to ask and answer about these things: play the piano use a computer well understand English films fix a car use an English dictionaryImperative, Lets & Object Pronouns Ea Let's help that VA ald lady, Toric 1 nace We form the negative imperative with the word don't | Don't runt Don't talk in the library! © we give instructions. Write your name here. Take your umbrella with you; it's raining outside! ™ Wwe want to prevent something bad from We often use the word please to be more polite. happening. Please hold my bag. Don't touch that i's very hot! Please sit down. We form the imperative with the bare infinitive. Itis the same for when we are talking to one person as it is when we are talking to many people. Stand up, everyone! @ Turn on the light, George! | lose the door! 54ask be close do eat Eg your books at page 20. / Eg rude. X 1 .. the window, please. / 2 Please a noise. X 3 lot of chocolates. X + .. the teacher if you don’t understand. 7 — | Lets tes \ We use Let's with the bare infinitive when we want to suggest something. Let's go to the theatre! Let's have an ice cream! We form the negative with the word not. le goes after Let's and before the infinitive. Let's not go out tonight. Let's not walk, Let's drive. | you you they | We use object pronouns to replace an object in a sentence. He is opening the book. He is opening it 1 see my friend every Soturday. I see him every Saturday. go t cnanenrcsemannsncnstemmntncerenareacl [ ‘Complete the sentences with Let's or Let's | Eg Ike the box. look make open sit all the exercises now. X to your room at once! 7 . at this photo! Isn't it funny? 7 -- near the fire. It's hot! X eNow not and the words in the box. be buy cook. 0 (x2) have phone watch Fg LietseliONe. our friends! 7 © CD far his birthdy again! X the film on TV tonight. 7 w= for a walk. It’s raining. X wo @ party! . late for the concert! X a meal for our friends! 7 out today. x Complete the sentences with Object Pronouns then sw very much, (Jim and Tonic} 1 She helps jo with my homework. (1) 2 Vean'e see... (the boat) Can you read ina week? {five books) 4 Vean't hear sos in the kitchen, (my mother) She likes ... Have you got (the CDs) 7 They can't see .. there. (we) 8 They don't wantTER rind the wisakes and write the sentences cor rectly. L Eg Let's going to the cinema. Let's go to the cinema... Let's eat not now. Let's cat later. 2 I saw he at the supermarket. Don’t you open the window, please. 4 Sit down and you open your books. 5 Tonic likes they very much. 6 Let's to have a picnic tomorrow! Eg You must sit down, Sit down.. | You mustn't eat all those sweets. 2 You must finish your homework, 3° You mustn't eat a lot of fast food. 4 You must cut the paper into three pieces. 5 You mustr’t listen to her! 5 Rewrite the sentences using the Imperative. Complete the sentences with Let’s or Let's not |_| and the words in the bo» clean listen dock phone play watch at the flowers in the garden. 7 the house now. x tennis! 7 . TV this evening. X .. to some music. ¥ our friends! 7~ ie Rewrite the sentences using Object Pronouns. Tenis Ao Eg Don't eat those eggs! Dauit.cat sheet. acne) eee 1 Please have of cake. Ca Let’s phone jill now! corge? Can you see 4° I'm waiting for my parents. 5 Do your exercises now, please. 6 Fred wants to play with my brother and me. ] Work with a partner. - fr) Complete the sentences with the | 5 wordainithe box | Have short dialogues like the eee ones in exercise 8. be eat Jorg g0 (x2) have (x2) invite spend arise Fg Let's our cousins later, Think about the weekend. Write ten suggestions with Let’s or Let's not. OK, but don't .. 008... to buy them a present! . shopping today. OK, but don't ..a lot of money. 2 Let's. ..a party this evening. OK, but don't hundreds of people! 3 Lets . pizza for supper. (OK, but don't too much! 4 Let's for a walk by the sea! OK, but don’ w- late for lunch.Were your friends with No, they weren't, Yes, but she ‘Only Martha Divine wasn't very happy! was there. Past Simple: To Be Affirmative Negative Question Iwas | was not (wasn't) Was 0? you were you were not (weren't) Were you? he was he was not (wasn't) Was he? she was she was not (wasn't) ‘Was she? it was it was not (wasn't) Was it? we were we were not (weren't) Were we! you were you were not (weren’t) Were you? they were they were not (weren't) Were they? Short answers Yes, | was. No. I wasn't Yes, you were. No. you weren't. Yes, he was. No, he wasn't. Yes, she was. No, she wasn’t. Yes, it was. No, it wasn’t. Yes, we were. No, we weren't. Cees Yes, you were. No, you weren't. Yes, they were. No, they weren’t ri The Past Simple of the verb to be is The question is formed by changing the word was/were. order of the subject and the verb. He was at work this morning, Were you awake all night? We were at the beach yesterday. Notes The negative is formed by putting the We use time expressions such as yesterday, word not after the verb. The short form yesterday moming, last Saturday, last week, etc is wasn't/weren't. with the Past Simple. These expressions usually I wasn't at a football match last Saturday. go at the beginning or the end of a sentence.Eg ‘Complete the sentences with was or were. 1 u.M@l8... in London yesterday. They ... fate for work this morning Jim vnnnnn at a nice hotel last year. Tonic +» at home. We with some friends last Saturday. You . tired last night. at the gym yesterday. Last summer, Mum and Dad wnensnne in England. Martha Divine ... in the pool yesterday. THINK ABOUT IT! sso rt fortn for to be in the: ca Complete the questions with was or were and write answers, _ they with you at the hotel? Xx you at home on Sunday evening? ¥ vom YOUF parents at the concert ‘on Saturday? X the bag under the desk? 7 the apples in the bag? 7 | lave for the lesson? X Eg Make the sentences negative. They were at home this morning. They weren't af ome this anor My friend was at school today. ‘You were well yesterday. I was on the bus this afternoon. Martha Divine was happy last month. We were very busy last summer. They were at work on Monday. ‘The books were on the table. The cake was in the fridge. Write the words in the correct order they / school / yesterday / were / at /? et school ye: garden / wasn't / the I yesterday / she / in home / were / my mum / and I /all day / at was | Mum / kitchen / the J in park / boys / the / the / were / at /? in / the J wasn't / teacher / room / the bed / Tonic / on / was / the / ? children / ast night / happy / the / weren't / the / good / was / weather / yesterday /?60 Wrice questions and answers Eg _ the books / on the bed /? (on the table) Were she books ont the bed? Ba No. they werent, They were on the table, | the boys / at school / last week / ? (at home) 2 Martha Divine / in a plane J? (in a jeep) 3 Tonic / sad / yesterday / ? (happy) 4 Jim (in the shower / last night / 2 (in the bath) 5 the girls / in the house / yesterday / ? (in the garden) There Was / There Were Complete the text with was, wasn’t, were or weren't. Last Saturday, I (Eg) MAS... at my friend Paul's house. His sister (1). there too but his brother (2) . there. He at work. The weather . very good that day — it - cold and wet. Paulfgroom (6) saemnnans tidy ~ like mine! Some CDs (7) smn OM his desk and all his books (8) ‘on the floor! His mum and dad (9) at home, They (10) .. at his aunt's house. At nine o'clock, it (II) .. home. | (12) .. time to go happy, but tired. Affirmative Negative Question there was there was not (there wasn't) Was there? there were there were not (there weren't) Were there? Short answers Yes, there was. Yes, there were. We use there was and there were to talk or ask about what existed when we are describing something in the past. There was a sailing boat on the seo. There were lots of people at the party No, there wasn't No, there weren't. t Complete the sentences with there was / there were. There, wa @ book on the table. 7 a lot of flowers in the garden x a cat in the kitchen? ». three bones in Tonic's bowl. / eggs in the fridge? .a cream cake in the fridge. 7 a boat on the sea X people in the building 7 ig trees in the garden?Work with a partner, Take turns to ask and answer the following questions: | Where were you last summer? Was your best friend with you? ™ Were you by the sea? = Were you with your family? ™ Were you in the mountains? = Were you happy there? = Were you in a village? = Was the weather good? Attire} Write a paragraph for your class magazine about last summer. Use the questions above to help you. ALESLESLLAL ALLELE LLELL ELLE EELSa Ll —_# Complete the sentences with the Present Simple. milk. (not like) English? (speak) by plane. (always / travel) . YOU .. very slowly. (run) .. in London? (live) Review 3 (Units 9-12) PEE eee Leer . volleyball every day. (not play) tennis lessons on Saturdays. (not have) ety cold weather. (not like) . that girl over there? (you / know) Look! They BS Complete the sentences with the P ‘Complete the sentences with the Present Continuous. are talking to those awful people. (talk) the piano at the moment. (play) sm hard this year. (study) .. my homework, | v» German this year? (learn) dinner with us tonight. (not have) .. model aeroplanes. (make) 1 She a 2 Where is Mike? 3 The students acted to music. (not do, listen) s 6 7 The children .... 8 We.. in the park. (sit) ent Simple or Present Continuous. (usually / see) snowman Me a present on my birthday. (always / give) to go to the museum every day? (want) lose) Fg S8!8.UP... early on Saturdays. (never / get up) \ www their friends at the weekend. 2 .. on holiday today. (g0) 3. Uncle George ... 4 . they .. 5 It's late and they the shop now. (c 6 a ‘on Saturdays. (never / work) 7 . at the moment? (rain) 8 Listen! The phone .. io. 02 his friend? (visit)a Complete the sentences with can and the verbs in brackets, L_________ 4 pizza this evening? (have) the film on TV tonight? (watch) jow, the concert is starting. (not leave) your camera? (borrow) You ... vwmmmunn tO Your friend's house now. Your aunt is coming to visit. (not go) you You ... .. Russian? (speak) to the party this weekend. (not come) ...me with the cooking for the party. (help) . my watch. (not find) ~ HL Wriee questions with ean and write answers. | BE. ye speak French /? | n yout speak French ? a Tecan, 1 wef have / wine with dinner |? 5 she/ swim /?¥ 2 I/open the window / ? x 6 he/ do those difficult maths problems / ? X 3 they / go to the cinema /? 7 7 she play the guitar 1? 7 4 he / come with us /?X 8 you! ride a horse / ? X 4 1H Complete the sentences with must and the verbs in brackets. . chewing gum in class. (not chew) my umbrella. (not forget) my homework now. (do) now. It's getting late. (go) . the house now! (clean) . the six o'clock bus to the station. (catch) ‘on the desks. (not draw) in the library. (not talk) . that terrible noise? (make) you J = YOueres ees | Eg Stand oe rom pameor the test paper. Eg -Sfavtd up. 1 Open b up. ! 2 Don't make © at page 34. 2 3. Come ds here. 3 4 Look quiet. 4 5 Listen to f the window. 5 6 Be g me. 6 7) Write h anoise. 7 fe Write sentences with Let’s or Let’s not. 4 k Eg play / Monopoly / tonight X 1 i Eg have / some spaghetti / for dinner / { 's \ 1 be/ late / for school X 5 go/ to the shops X 1 i } 2 buy / a watch / for her birthday / 6 have /a drink ¥ j 3° water / the plants ¥ 7 4 watch / TVX 8 Peer Complete the sentences with Object Pronoun FE GVO cll the book immediately! ()) Vo Let's give nnnnnn to Pat! (the photos) UMUC Visit eennseninnmnnnnn tOMOFFOW. (he) Vdon’t want now. (ice cream) Can you see .. 2 (our friends) now. (you and me) ‘Are you learning .. (the new words) Can I meet 2 3 4 5 The artist is painting 6 7 (your friend's mother) 8 We all like ... = Gim and Tonic)ere, ~ >" Complete the sentences with the correct form of there was bg There we son ten schoolchildren on the bus. 7 a book on your desk? .» any crisps for the party. X -» some ducks on the pond. 7 . three taxis outside the station. / any people in the sea? any cars on the street. X 2 good film on TV last night? a table in the middle of the room. / a Complete the sentences with the Past Simple of to be. eee Eg She. . well yesterday. X To We vrumnninmnineninen Very tired last night. 2 Dad at work on Thursday. X 3 The pens. on the desk. 7 4 He at home at lunchtime. X 5 The chocolate .-in the cupboard. / 5 We soumane late for school yesterday. X 7 I _- With my friends all day. / 8 They wat the office yesterday. X EE Complete the questions with was or were and write answers Eg Was... she at the restaurant? X No, she wasn’. the books in the bag? Scans ~- Gemma at home on Friday? X 2 he late for the lesson? X 6 nnn YOU On holiday as uly 3. my parents at the meeting? X 7... the cat under the bed? X 4 "you late for the bust Z 8 your friends at the concert on Sunday? 7Past Simple Atfirma Regular & Irregular Yesterday, im and Tonic Cleaned tir house. First Tn the evening, they Shey wade thet beds Then “They washed the curtains had dinner in their the) leaned ther bedoom. and they tidied the kitchen, rice clean house Past Simple Affirmative is Regular Verbs | Irregular Verbs _ I worked went you worked you went he worked he went she worked she went it worked it went we worked we went, you worked you went they worked they went We use the Past Simple to talk about: © things in the past which have finished. We form the Past Simple affirmative of went to work at 8 am. regular verbs by adding the -ed ending. work “> worked things in the past which were habics Last year he cycled to university every day. ‘When the verb ends in-e, we add -d. bake > baked 1 things in the past which happened one f after the other. ‘When the verb ends in a consonant and -y, She opened the front door, went inside and _we take off the -y and add -ied. put her bag down in the hall, cany > coed‘When the verb ends in a vowel and -y, we just add -ed. stay > stayed When the verb ends in a vowel and a consonant and that vowel is stressed, we double the last consonant and add -ed. permit -* permitted Complete the sentences with the Past Simple, We... ‘good film on TV last night. (watch) They wall evening. (talk) We snus By the river and then had supper. (wall) Dad senesnsnsnsmnone the car yesterday. (wash) People at the camera. (smile) Mrs Green .. a very nice meal for us. (cook) Taras to leave the party early. (want) She wa lovely picture of the horse. (paint) He ... .. to his favourite music all morning, (listen) Es Complete the sentences with the Past Simple. When the verb ends in -, we double the 4 and add -ed. cancel -> cancelled There are many irregular verbs in English We do not form the Past Simple of these verbs by adding -ed. See the Irregular Verbs list on page 108. We co not cout Tuo nantes the second, ‘Complete the table. 12h is netbook yesterday (ee - ! ww their grandmother to the station. (take) Verb Past Simple 2 .a chocolate cake for my birthday. (make) 3 a new sports car last month. (buy) bea pore 4 -» quiety in the classroom. (sit) breale 51 a letter to my cousin last night. (write) build : 1 6 ‘our homework very quickly after come 7 school. (do) do EEE 7 She to Peter’s party with Michael. (come) drive 8 jim.. ++» loudly in the bath. (sing) fall find Ago We use the word ago to talk about something that happened a number of years, minutes, days, etc in the past. | bought this house two months ago. He arrived ten minutes ago Harry went to bed three hours ago.fs oO Write sentences with ago. We bought the house in November. tt is now December. We bought the house one moni ago, He went there in March. It is now October. She visited us in September. It is now February. She was born in 1989. Write the words in the correct order sent / yesterday / etter / the / he ‘He sent the letter yesterday, the / last / cinema / went / to / we / night visited / two / us / ago / she I years my / flew / into / garden / birds / three three / sandwiches / hour / ate / she / an / ago friend / met / beach /1/ on /a/ the Find the mistakes and write the sentences correctly. He send me a red rose yesterday. He come to this school three years ago. They were had a nice time yesterday. He teach us French last year. ‘We went to the cinema before four days. He break his leg ago a week. Naue THINK’ EXT shud! Teomecncem cays She phoned us at eight o'clock. eis now nine o'clock, We saw them last year. | learnt to swim when | was seven. | am now fourteen. Complete the sentences with the Past Simple. Use the words in the box. ask deliver catcly shave open. start walk work a big fish this morning, ... lunch at one o'clock. home with his friends. The children . their presents quickly. The rain feer lunch The postman . .» some letters The teacher a question. U sunnenmnannes hard in the office all day.Complete the text with the Past Simple. One day last summer, Jim and Tonic (Eg) ..nisized (Visit) an old castle outside their town. The day (1) sow (Begin) very well because it (2) .. (be) hot and sunny. Tonic (3) sme (take) his camera with him and Jim (4) ermine (drive) them there in his car. They (5) »- (spend) all day at the castle and they (6) (learn) a lot about its history. At lunchtime, they (7) .. (sit) on the grass and (8) .. (have) a picnic. At the castle shop, Tonic (9) nee (buy) a postcard and Jim (10) von (get) an ice cream. It (11) sevens (be) a really nice day out! Palnyos, ‘Complete the sentences with the Past Simple. Use the words in the box. see fi’ fly drive study —mieet like shout look — play wash. off her chair yesterday. The children snsnne ih the garden all day. He 7 a plane in the sky. He... w~ his car to the petrol station. They .. from Sydney to Paris last year. We vsnnnnnsnnene OUF friends in the park at lunchtime. \ _ my face and went to bed We en .. the food at your party. It was great. She English and French at university. She in the mirror and smiled. vwnue for help when he saw the knife. Work with a partner. Talk about what you did last weekend, Start like this: On Saturday, 1... Write a postcard to a friend about a trip you went on. Tell him/her: 3 Where you went. B who you went with © how you went there. 5 what you saw. © what you ate, © what you did, 69{ } { \ 9)» Past Simple Negative 74% & Question Did you clean under You didn't tidy the Ney you sea ao the beds, Tonic? No, you didn't! cupboards, Jint Ja Yes, I did, Jim! Past Simple Negative and Question Affirmative Negative Question I worked | did not (didn’t) work Did | work? you worked you did not (didn’t) work Did you work? he worked he did not (didn't) work Did he work? she worked she did not (didn’t) work Did she work? it worked it did not (didn't) work Did it work? we worked we did not (didn't) work Did we work? you worked you did not (didn’t) work Did you work? they worked they did not (didn't) work Did they work? Short answers Yes, | did. No, | didn't. Yes, you did No, you didn’t. Yes, he did No, he didn't. Yes, she did. No, she didn’t. Yes, it did No, it didn’t Yes, we did. No, we didn’t Yes, you did. No, you didn't. Yes, they did No, they didn’, The negative of the Past Simple (regular and irregular verbs) is formed with the auxiliary verb did, the word not and the bare infinitive. The train didn't arrive on time. The question form of the Past Simple (regular and irregular verbs) is formed with did and the bare infinitive. Did the train arrive on time?TD conplace the sentences with the negative form of the Past Simple. ei Cid Tike the horror fk (ke) They at the hotel because it was full (stay) I 2 The car 4 at the traffic lights. (stop) 3 Our friends... .- early enough for lunch. (arrive) A She a the balcony yesterday. (wash) 5 Jim and Tonic . v» at all the photos. (look) 6 Pete. football yesterday. (play) 7 The children sue TV last night. (watch) BV emma to work this morning. (walk) FD compete the questions withthe Past Simple. .. the dining room? (you / clean) hard yesterday? (they / study) our friends to the party? (you / invite) +» With the shopping? (she / help) to the teacher? (the student / talk) .- your teeth this morning? (you / brush) all the food? (we / finish) _. by plane or by boat? (they / travel) www when he cut his foot? (the boy / cry) Make the sentences negative. = —— ‘ABOUTIT! Eg Mum made a pizza yesterday. rake a pizza. Be careful with the verb do: aaa 1 Lwrote a letter to my uncle. Tee Re OL Aaa tion: Did you do your 2 She broke all the glasses. 3. Tonic dug a hole in the garden. 6 We met our friends at the restaurant. 4 They came to work late yesterday. 7 They built a house near the sea. 5 He did all his homework yesterday. 8 They gave me the keys.Write questions. Eg John became very angry | The ball fell in the river. 2 She found her watch. 3 They flew to Paris. 4 You thought about it carefully. 5 She made a chocolate cake this afternoon. 6 You sang in the concert. 7 Our team won the match, They left the meeting early. Eh Write questions for the answers. Eg she like her presents? Yes, she liked her presents. Yes, he went to America, Stee No, he didn’t drive there. Orca Yes, they had a nice time. 6 laepanaleeaeeeetaeas 7 Yes, they visited the caste, No, | didn’t d k. Pea eee Yes, he played football yesterday. 4 8 Yes, she wrote a good story. No, | didn’t run round the park, aWrite the words in the correct order. Eg go /last / to / the / did / night / they / cinema /? Dil Urey, ite I didn’t / he / you / see / there 2. do/ homework / she / her / did /? 3° speak / her / to J 1/ didn’t 4 rain f didn't / it / yesterday 5 door / lock / didn’t / you / the 6 you! car/ did / wash J the /? eS o Ca Wor's a 7 4 ~ Work with a partner. Take turns to ask and answer the following questions about last weekend: Did you wake up early on Saturday morning? Did you have a big breakfast? Did you go shopping? Did you stay at home on Saturday afternoon? Did you enjoy yourself on Saturday evening? Did you see your friends? Did you wake up early on Sunday morning? Did you do anything interesting on Sunday? Did you spend the day with your family? Did you go to bed early on Sunday? Write ten things you didn’t do when you were on holiday, but that you wanted to do. LLLLLALLLLEEEEEEEELLLL LLL LE LL ELreeeeeereeecetreee eee Some, Any, No | think there's someone in the house, Tonic. Let's go and see. There's no one here, Tonic. We use the word some before a noun in an affirmative sentence to say that something exists. There's some juice in the fridge. There are some magazines in my room. We use the word any in negative sentences and questions to say that something doesn't | exist or to ask if something exists. He hasn't got any letters today. Are there any eggs in the fridge? We use the word no with an affirmative verb to make a sentence negative in meaning. There are no people on the train. (There aren't any people on the train.) Notes We can use the word some in questions when we are asking for something or offering something. Can I have some new boots, please? Can | get you some more coffee? Complete the sentences or any. We don't need The farmers need hot and dry. There aren't Have you got .. ‘Someone was here! Go and get him, Tonic! RY... biscuits. rain, It's very crisps on the table. money? Can I have . water, please! We haven't got .. onions to make onion soup. lean see children in the street. We haven't got pets. Are there .. shops near your home?‘Complete the sentences with any or no. Vg There are .uft.n children in the pork today. | 1 Thaven'e got money in my purse. 2 Did you buy tickets for the cinema? 3 There Was cncun. rain all summer. 4 There is wenn Wine in the bottle 5 There wasn't suns Moise in the classroom. 6 He hasn't got homework tonight. 7 There are taxis today. 8 Tonic can’t find sume BONES. eee ae ee 4 Someone, Anyone, No one, Everyone | someone/somebody something | somewhere anyonelanybody anything | anywhere no one/nobody nothing | nowhere everyoneleverybody everything | everywhere We usually use the words that begin with some- in affirmative sentences. We use the words someone and somebody to talk about one unspecified person. There is no difference between someone and somebody. Someone telephoned you this morning. We use the word something to talk about one unspecified thing. There's something in my boot. We use the word somewhere to talk about one unspecified place. | left my sunglasses somewhere! We use the words anyone/anybody, onything and anywhere to talk about one unspecified person, thing or place. We usually use the words that begin with any- in negative sentences and questions. There wasn't anybody at homme. Is there anyone here? I can't find anything to wear. We use the words no-one/nobody, nothing and nowhere in affirmative sentences when the verb is affirmative but the meaning of the sentence is negative. No-one heard him. 1 ate nathing all morning, There is nowhere for me to sit. We use the words everyone/everybody, everything and everywhere to talk about all the people, things or places. LWhen the words everyone/everybody and everything are the subjects ofa sentence, they are followed by a verb in the third person singular. Everyone was at the party. 1 paid for everything. I've looked everywhere for my glasses! Uh Eg There's nn SQMEON.. a the door. TNT They asked ... to the party. The whole neighbourhood came! Waenmeninard) I can't see . outside. It’s very dark! help me, please? words with some in Can questions to 0 erro There wasn't sn A€ School when I got there, stg in the class got good marks in the exam, The teacher was pleased, What's that noise? is shouting in the street. Rewrite the sentences using the word given. | Use between two and five words a pe ee eee THINK ABOUT IT! There isn't anyone on the bus. nobody There nn ni8 OBO on the bus. We cannot use everyone or everybody after There is nothing | can do about your problem. anything There is. There .. .. | ean do about your problem. There isn’t anywhere we can hide. nowhere There .. we can hide. There was nothing good on television last night. anything There . good on television last night. There wasn't anybody in the room. nobody There . in the room, There is no information about the subject on the Internet. any Thebes cere about the subject on the Internet. Ppspyee “rut 2- Choose the correct answer. Fg FRM OW sovunn abOut chess, but not much. a anything everything ©)something 1 Tean’e find my pen. It isnt ..uu in the house, a nowhere —_b anywhere © somewhere 2 Hike uu in that clothes shop! anything ——-b everywhere «everything 3 know my keys are su. in the house! a somewhere b anywhere © everywhere 4 Did you se@ wns on the floor? a nothing b everywhere anything 5 There is... in the garden, a somebody bb anybody & everybody 6 We went ...... last weekend. | Serre a anywhere —_b nowhere ¢ anybody ) f Pairwork Werk with a partner. Make up a ghost story, using words from this unit.Countable & Uncountable Nouns & Quantifiers How many people How much food How many chairs ‘And how many bones can we invite? do we need? dowe need? do we need? p Zz y> E Countable and Uncountable Nouns N (Countable Nouns Uncountable Nouns QA 8 bottle bread ( cD cheese chair fish computer food invitation meat \ knife milk notebook money programme spaghetti sandwich tea woman water Nouns that we can count and that we can use in the plural are called countable nouns. ‘When the subject of a sentence is in the plural, the ver must also be in the plural, There are three secretaries in the office. They have got five dogs. Nouns that we cannot count and that do not have plurals are called uncountable nouns. We do not use a and an with uncountable nouns. When the subject of a sentence is an uncountable noun, the verb must be in the singular. The food was delicious. The bread is fresh. We can use other words with uncountable nouns so that we know how much we have, such as a bottle of (wine), slice of (bread), a piece of (cheese), a glass of (milk) a kilo of (butzer), a plate of (spaghetti, etc.We can use the word some in front of countable and uncountable nouns in affirmative sentences. There are some eggs in the box. There is some wine in the bottle We can use the word any in front of countable and uncountable nouns in negative sentences and questions There aren't any dogs in the park. Is there any milk left? We can use the word no in front of countable and uncountable nouns with an affirmative verb to give a sentence a negative meaning. There are no books on the shelf There is no soap in the bathroom. Complete the sentences with a, an or some. Eg There were . chairs around the table. mari Fo There’s nnn big blue bowl on the table. acndet 2° There are vegetables in the fridge. ee 3 Pwant to BUY wenn green apples from the supermarket. with Uncour 4 Jim's got sunnne Old red jacket in his cupboard 5 must get .. dog food for Tonic! 6 You made mistake in this exercise. 7 We met wnnmnne interesting people at the beach. & She wants to be on ACEFESS, Choose the correct answer. Eg © Are there any milk in the fridge? | Is/Are there any cold water in the fridge? The milk is / are not fresh. We must get some more. There is / are six hundred people in this building. This cheese is / are awful! | can't eat it There isn’t / aren't any clothes on the bed The food in this restaurant is / are really excellent! Is /Are the wine from France? ON nn eun The strawberries is/are sweet and juicy. x tgMatch and make phrases. Then write them under the pictures. Ego loaf of —_ a rice Va carton of b coffee 2° ajar of a © chocolate 3 apacket of d honey 4 abottle of © bread 5 acupof f cheese 6 abar of water 7 apiece of ho mill Much and Many a Complete the sentences with much or many. . milk in the bottle? Bg Wes there tue Wee use much with uncountable nouns in negative sentences and questions. 1 We don't have petrol left He (doesn't ean auch money. 2 Are there... colourful birds Have you got much work this week? in Africa? We use the word many with countable 3. He doesn’t have .. . furniture nouns in negative sentences and questions. in his house. There aren't many customers in the shop. ee Tee IgM nennmennes SOUP left for me! Have you got many books about horses? 4 There isnt eee Has he got. friends at school? When we ask about quantity, we use How 6 There area _ flowers in the much? for uncountable nouns and How many? garden. for countable nouns. ‘Hove amuch bevad's decdh 7 Were there wn. loaves of bread on How many people were at the party? the shelf? 8 There isn't cheese on his pizza‘Complete the questions with much or many. Eg How coffee have you got? How .. cheese do you want? How plates are there in the cupboard? .. CDs have they got? water is there in the sea? books did you borrow? salt did you put in the soup? mistakes did you make? sugar is there in this tea? How How . How How .. How eVeeren— How A Little, A Few, A Lot / Lots (Of) ‘We use a little with uncountable nouns when we want to say that a small amount of something exists. It has a positive meaning. Can I have something to eat? Yes, there's a little cake left on the table. We use a few with countable nouns when we want to say that a small number of something exists. It has a positive meaning. There are a few tickets left for the concert We use a lot (of) and lots (of) with countable nouns and uncountable nouns in affirmative and negative sentences and in questions. We have got a lot of cousins There are lots of hotels in Spain. Hos he got lots of friends? They haven't got a lot of money. Complete the senvences with a few or a little. Eg I've got... very good friends. She made c= mistakes in the test. There is . orange juice in the jug Can | have . water, please? They saw .. good films last year. eNaneune Ive got .. ‘money in my purse. Barbara wants new clothes this summer. We met sonnunun interesting people at the party. The Soup N€US ween Salt,Choose the correct answer. Eg. There isnt... meat in the freezer. a mary = @much cafew I She's got .... nice clothes. a afew b much ¢ alittle 2 How... petrol is in the car? Do we need to buy any? a many b much ¢ alittle 3 He hasn't got... friends, a many b much ¢ lots 4 You've got .... CDs! a much biotsof — c allitde ‘Complete the text with the words from the box. | want .. salt and pepper on my food. a much b alittle © many We took... nice books out of the library. aalittle blots c afew Are there .... interesting places near your house? @ many b much c alittle Is there .... mill in the jug? a many b lots © much a any little much lots piece some (x3) Last Saturday, Vicky and her family went to a restaurant because it was her mother’s birthday. They went early and there were only a (Eg) a) 2) Vicky's mum ordered (5) ... of chips and (3) .. ordered (7) . wine but Vicky had (9) .. bowl of salad. Then he ate a large (4) ... fish. Vicky didn’t want (6) -- onion soup — her favourite! Vicky's mum and dad drank 2 (8) .. vw» people there, Vicky didn’t want .~ food because she wasn't very hungry. But her father was very hungry! He ordered of meat. meat or fish, so she lemonade. Then they all wished her mum a very Happy Birthday!Complete the sentences with the words from the box. anf few how little lot lots many = much some butter in the fridge. sugar do you need? He's got wu Sweets in his bag, They haven't got smn BOOKS to read. I've gota .. .. of things to do today. bananas on the table. much ice cream do we need? milk in her coffee. 2 3 4 5 There are only a 6 7 8 of interesting things on holiday. Work with a partner. Take turns to ask and answer questions about what you have got or haven't got. Here are some ideas: = CDs © bags ® books © key rings friends ® money ® brothers/sisters = pets Write a short paragraph about what you have got and what you haven't got. Use words you have learnt in this unit. 1 83—, Review 4 (Units 18-16) 1 Complete the sentences with the Past Simple .- t0 some great music last night. (listen) 2 special meal for his birthday. (prepare) . to cook spaghetti but it wasn’t very good! (try) ictures of the countryside. (paint) my heavy shopping for me. (carry) ‘on the phone all evening. (talk) .. through the old part of the village. (walk) . the house yesterday. (clean) I 2 3° The artist 4 The young man... 5 They 6 7 8 sou Over the mountains on donkeys. (travel) hhome early last night. (come) ‘our homework very quickly yesterday. (do) Bob month. (buy) 7 The students 8 She... ao] my keys yesterday. (lose) My best fiend nen .- ina concert yesterday. (sing) 4 They their friends to the airport. (drive) the teacher said. (write) morning. (send) il, so | stayed at home. (feel) .- NeW sports car last 1 .. down everything | . an e-mail to her friend this |- _—___# ‘Complete the sentences with the negative form of the Past Simple. n Eg We. at all the photos. (look) to the shops this morning. (walk) 1 2 ..a lot of mistakes yesterday. (make) 3 She.. a letter to her penfriend last weekend. (write) 4 My COUSII wnnennnsnenin .» basketball yesterday. (play) : sl TV last night. (watch) ) 6 The cook svn & plate at lunchtime. (break) 7 We . all the irregular verbs this morning. (learn) 8 My brother... to Hawaii last January. (fly) .. to Germany? (they / drive) 5 all the pizza? (we / finish) ah when she fell down? v» your hair this morning? ' onna / cry) (you / brush) 73 = about her new job? 7 your plane ticket? (you / know) (you / find) 4 _- ut of the window? 8 3 scrnnennsennes tO New York? (they / ly) (the ball / fall) 4 ita SanGiiGes ana eset sha Posen | Eg we /not go to the cinema / last week | he / buy flowers / for his mother /? 21 not spend time / with my friends 3 you / walk to work / yesterday /? 4 they / fly to London / last night J ? 5 she / not wash her car / yesterday 6 it/ rain in Spain / last week J ? 7 we not watch TV / last night 8 you speak to David / last weekend / ?@ Eg I don’t want nou ann food, thank you. 1 Ican see .. vw birds in the garden, 2 We don't have ssn bread. 3 Are there parks whore you live? 4 We don't need w» help. 5 We want. .- good weather. 6 There aen't sumnnrnnnnnn glasses on the table. 7 Have you got money? 8 Here are... presents for you. There wasn't Eg | He doesn't have any. 2. There are 3. He can't find 4° There are 5 haven't got 6 Did you buy .. 7 There wasn't. 8 There is Eg There wasn't lovely time. I need .. There's eyraunren When the bell rang, Hello? Is there ... CAN can I didn’t know .. ‘Complete the sentences with any or no. wine for the party. work this evening. . buses today. pencils. . biscuits in the tin, . coffee, clothes for the wip? snow all winter. milk in the bottle. & Complete the sentences with someone, anyone or everyone. uy Sear eg ere ee . at the office early this morning. in the class went to the z00. We had a to help me. lan, can you help? at the door. Can you open it, please? ‘went home. . there? ... do the washing up, please? ‘was happy when they heard the good news. . at first, but I soon made friends.~ “Choose the correct answer Eg There were wun people at the party. amuch bony ©a lot of 1 We have nm good CDs to listen to. 5 He's got good friends. alots bmuch —_¢ lots of aany — bafew lots 2 Is there wn ice cream in the freezer? 6 There ate sannu. exercises in this book. amany balot — emuch aalite bmuch — calotof 3 How pairs of shoes has she got? 7 He hasn't got ....... money. amany — bany © much amany bmuch — csome 4 We haven't got 8 Are there unum interesting old buildings amany bmuch ca few in your town? aany = bmuch — csome EB Pur the words in the correct part of the chart. I bisctic egg fork horfey knife money newspaper —_ orange orange juice potato —salt._~=—= sandwich spaghetti. sugar water wine «@ carton of a loaf of NN b a packet of c cake acan of ~ d_ chocolate a bottle of yoghurt f & h honey bread cola a bar of rice a jar of 1 2 3 4 5 acupof 6 7 wine 8 a piece of i coffee COComparative - f Comoarison of Adjectives = al But you're the cleverest, the V'm a faster runner "Tm stronger than most intelligent and the best ‘than you, Tonic! you, Tonic! dog in the world! ‘We use the comparative form to compare two people, animals or things. We often use the word than after the comparative form He's taller than me. This chair is more expensive than the other chair. To make the comparative form of adjectives with one syllable, we add the ending -er. tall taller ‘When the adjective ends in -e, we just add -r. late “> later When the adjective ends in a vowel and a consonant, we double the last consonant and add -er. fit > fitter ‘When an adjective ends in -y, we take off the -y and add -ier. early > earlier Sometimes we use the word more with two-syllable adjectives to make the comparative form. famous -> more famous Some two-syllable adjectives have two comparative forms. simple > simpler/more simple clever “> cleverer/more clever Polite ~> politer/more polite We use the word more to make the comparative form of adjectives with three or more syllables. confusing -> more confusing Some adjectives are irregular and do not follow these rules. good “> better bad > worse‘Complete the sentences with the Comparative form. "Their house is than ours. (big) | This ferry is .... .. than the cruise ship. (slow) 2 Her children are wsssessesese vw than other children. (polite) 2 Shel vaccson sown than her daughter. (beautiful) 4 The football fans were than the basketball fans. (noisy) 5 Spain is ... i than England. (warm) 6 My dog is veer than yours. (fat) 7 A motorbike is than a car. (dangerous) 8 This suitcase is than that one, (heavy) Superlative We use the superlative form to compare more than two people, animals or things. We often use a phrase beginning with in or of to continue the sentence. She's the most beautiful girl in the school! She's the tallest of all her sisters. To make the superlative form of adjectives with one syllable, we add the ending -est. We use the word the before the adjective in its superlative form. tall * the tallest When the adjective ends in -¢, we just add -st. late > the latest When the adjective ends in a vowel and a consonant, we double the last consonant and add -est. fit > the fittest When an adjective ends in -y, we take off the -y and add -iest. happy ~ happiest Sometimes we use the most with a two-syllable adjective to make the superlative form. famous => the most famous Some two-syllable adjectives have two superlative forms. simple “> the simplest/the most simple clever ~ the cleverest/the most clever polite -> the politest/the mast polite We use the word most to make the superlative form of adjectives with three or more syllables. confusing ~> the most confusing Some adjectives are irregular and do not follow these rules. good “> the best bad > the worst Notes The words much, many, a lot (of), a litle and a few also have comparative and superlative forms much = more “> the most many -% more -> the most alot (of) more -> the most lots (of) -* more -> the most alittle > less > the least afew > fewer > the fewest‘Complete the sentences with the Superlative form. Eg She is adhe nicest .. person | know. (nice) 1 Thek econ day in the week, 5 She's in the family. (bad) (old) 2 Her project was sun. ‘one 6 My brother is esecrne of all in the class. (interesting) his friends. (call) 3 Atour restaurant you can eat 7 Today is... day of the fish in the country! (tasty) year. (hot) 4 Those exercises are a ~ 8 snsaansen .» tide at the fair is the of all. (difficult) Big Wheel. (exciting) as ...as a We can also use (not) as ... as to compare two people, animals or things. We use as ... os when the two people, animals or things are the same. He is as tall as his father. We use not as... as when they are different. This book isn't as good as that book. Write sentences using as... as or not as ... as. Write the words in the correct order. Eg This mountain is 902 metres. That mountain is 902 Eg shorter / friends / she / than / is / her metres. (high) She is shorter than her friend: This mountain i tlt that ‘mountain, 1 at school / Tony / than / brother / his / is / better The dog is fifteen kilos. The cat is six kilos. (heavy) The cat is the dog. 2 more / history / interesting / than / is / geography x Aunt Belle is sixty-one years old, Aunt Gertrude is sixty-one years old. (old) Aunt Belle Gertrude. Aunt 3 the/is / player / the / he / best / team / in 3. The kitchen is five metres long. The sitting room is, seven metres long. (long) the 4 is / this /as// ours / as / flat / large The Kitchen 15 acc sitting room, ‘4 Bevidigot 9 marks for his composticn. Nancy got §Seereise/than ! / dha easlr /athera cis 9 marks for her composition. (good) Nancy's composition WaS scneenenm Davis, 6 in / popular / she / the USA / the / singer / 5 Mike can life 48 kilos. Brian can life 55 kilos. (strong) is | most Mike is . Brian, a