HOMEOSTASIS:

Feedback
Mechanism
By: JOHNREY B. DAGIAGNAO
How do animals
maintain internal
constancy?
Cells are bathed in extracellular
fluid containing a very specific,
complex mixture of dissolved
substances that must be
maintained regardless of
conditions on the outside.
Many animals have evolved
elaborate physiological
mechanisms that allow them
to maintain precise internal
conditions despite lifetimes
spent in harsh environments.
Examples
Why should animals
maintain the right amount
of concentration of
substances in their body?
The cells of the animal body
cannot survive if the internal
environment deviates from a
narrow range of acceptable
states.
What do cells invest to
maintain the ideal states for
them to survive and function
properly?
Cells devote a large portion
of ENERGY to actions that
keep the cellular
environment STABLE.
The “CONSTANCY of the INTERIOR
MILIEU” was first recognized by
French physiologist CLAUDE
BERNARD in the mid-nineteenth
century.
Claude Bernard
Later, in the 1920s, WALTER
B. CANNON coined the term
HOMEOSTASIS to describe
the constancy of the body’s
internal environment.
The word is derived from Greek
words meaning “to stay the
same” implies a STATIC,
UNCHANGING STATE, the
internal environment in fact
seethes with activity as the
body continuously adjust to
internal and external changes.
The internal state of an
animal body is better
described as a DYNAMIC
EQUILIBRIUM.
Many physical and chemical
changes do occur, but the net
result of all this activity is that
physical and chemical
parameters are kept within the
narrow range that cells require
to function.
How are these
equilibrium conditions
maintained ?
Dynamic Equilibrium are
maintained by mechanisms
collectively known as
FEEDBACK SYSTEMS.
 Feedback Mechanisms
1.Negative Feedback System
2.Positive Feedback System
 Negative Feedback
Reverses the Effects of
Changes.
The most important
mechanism governing
homeostasis is NEGATIVE
FEEDBACK, in which the
RESPONSE to a CHANGE is
to COUNTERACT the change.
In other words, an input
stimulus causes an output
response that “feeds back”
to the initial input and
DECREASES its effects.
Negative Feedback
Maintains Body
Temperature
How do people and other
warm-blooded animals maintain
their internal temperature
despite extreme fluctuations in
the temperature around them?
 What is the result or
outcome of negative
feedback mechanism?
The overall result is to
return the system to its
original condition.
What is positive
feedback mechanism?
Positive Feedback system
produces a response that
intensifies the original
change.
The end result is that
change tends to produce
in the same direction as
the initial stimulus.
Stampede Loop
What pattern have you
noticed in positive
feedback mechanism?
Positive feedback
mechanism tends to
create chain reactions.
Positive Feedback
Drives Events to a
Conclusion