Technological Institute of the Philippines- Manila

Architecture Department

YOU’th: A Proposed Regional Based Service Juvenile Correctional and Rehabilitation Center

An Architectural Design Proposal presented to

Ar. Edjuana Noma Dela Cruz

Requirements in Architectural Design 9

Bachelor of Science in Architecture

Presented by:

Sandoval, Erica Mae S.

 Regional Based Service Juvenile Correctional and Rehabilitation Center

CHAPTER 1

PROJECT BACKGROUND

A. The Project

Juvenile crimes, referring to unlawful and illegal acts committed by individuals under the age of
18, are a growing concern in society. It is crucial to understand the underlying reasons why children
resort to engaging in unlawful and illegal acts. There are multiple reasons why children resort to doing
unlawful and illegal acts. Peer influence, lack of parental guidance, socio-economic factors, mental
health issues, and substance abuse all contribute to juvenile delinquency. Understanding these
underlying reasons is essential in developing effective strategies to prevent juvenile crimes and provide
support and rehabilitation for at-risk youth.

The Regional Based Service Juvenile Correctional and Rehabilitation Center is a facility
specially created for young people who have committed crimes or who exhibit tendencies that portend
troublesome futures. The idea of these facilities is to give young offenders the tools, support, and
direction they need to deal with the situations that led to their offenses.

According to the Republic Act No. 10630, Bahay Pag-Asa refers to a round-the-clock facility that
provides a temporary haven for kids at risk (CAR) and kids in conflict with the law (CICL) over the age of
fifteen (15) but under the age of eighteen (18) while they wait for their cases to be resolved in court or
are transferred to other organizations or jurisdictions. These facilities are created, funded, and run by
local government units (LGUs) and licensed and/or accredited nongovernmental organizations (NGOs).

The primary goal of Bahay Pag-asa and Regional Rehabilitation for Youth (RRCY) is to provide
a safe and supportive environment where these children can receive the necessary programs and
services to help them reintegrate into society successfully. One of the key features of Bahay Pag-asa is
its comprehensive approach to rehabilitation. The institution offers a range of programs, including
alternative learning education, skills training, medical and dental check-ups, and family visits. These
programs are designed to address the specific needs and challenges that these children face, providing
them with the tools and support they need to rebuild their lives and make positive changes.

However, despite the noble intentions behind Bahay Pag-Asa, there are some concerning
issues surrounding its operations. According to recent reports, there are about 63 Bahay Pag-asa
facilities scattered throughout the country, with 5 of them currently non-operational. Many of these
facilities are deemed unfit for habitation by children due to various reasons such as inadequate
infrastructure and lack of proper resources. This raises concerns about the effectiveness and
sustainability of these institutions in achieving their intended objectives.

Overcrowding in juvenile centers has become a pressing issue in many countries around the
world. The overcrowding of these facilities can have detrimental effects on the rehabilitation process and

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the overall well-being of the juveniles. Moreover, the COVID-19 pandemic has further exacerbated the
challenges faced by Bahay Pag-asa. In response to the health crisis, the institution has implemented
measures to ensure the safety and well-being of both the children and staff, including virtual visits and
adjusted schedules. While these measures are necessary to prevent the spread of the virus, they have
disrupted the children's routines and affected their mental health and morale. Authorities and
stakeholders must address these issues promptly and provide the necessary support to ensure that
Bahay Pag-asa continues to serve its purpose effectively.

The majority of these facilities are being specifically designed and implemented for boys. This
raises important questions about the gender disparity within the juvenile justice system and the potential
ramifications it may have on girls who find themselves within the system. It is important to recognize that
girls also experience delinquency and require appropriate support and intervention. By primarily
focusing on boys in the establishment of juvenile centers, there is a risk of neglecting the unique needs
and circumstances of girls within the system. It is essential to ensure that adequate resources and
programs are available to address the specific challenges faced by girls, including trauma-informed
care, gender-specific programming, and support for mental health issues.

A.1 Data and Demand Analysis

A.1.1. Juvenile Crime Data

A. 1.1.1. Juvenile Offenses Classification (2012-2015)

Source: Juvenile Delinquency in the Philippines: Is Juvenile Justice Fair? • BusinessMirror

About 60% of juvenile offenses are classified as crimes against property, according to figures
from 2012 to 2015 that were issued by the Philippine National Police. Theft, robbery, malicious mischief,

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and estafa are some of them, according to figures from the PNP between 2012 and 2015. Crimes
against people, such as rape, attempted rape, acts of lasciviousness, bodily harm, murder, attempted
murder, seduction, serious threats, kidnapping, and homicide, make up 36% of all crimes perpetrated by
minors over the same period. Infractions of specific laws, such as Republic Act (RA) 9165 (prohibited
narcotics), Presidential Decree 1866 (illegal possession of guns), and Presidential Decree 1602 (illegal
gambling), accounted for the last 4% of crimes committed by minors in the Philippines between 2012
and 2015.

In 2015, theft, physical injury, and rape were the top 3 crimes committed by children. Theft
cases recorded in 2015 reached 3,715, while physical-injury cases totaled 1,859. Rape cases involving
child perpetrators reached 642.

A. 1.1.2. Crime Data Involving Children Age Below 9 to 11 (2016-2018)

Source: Children Crime Statistics Philippines (esquiremag.ph)

Since 2016, there have been hundreds of incidents involving kids aged 11 and under, according
to PNP statistics. However, when comparing the sum for each year, the figures have significantly and
continuously decreased over the last three years. Crimes committed by those between the ages of nine
and eleven were reduced by 52% in 2018. The percentage of "children in conflict with the law" (CICL)
has reduced by more than half, to 56 percent, as compared to the 2016 number.

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A. 1.1.3. Crime Data Involving Children Age Below 12 to 17 (2016-2018)

Source: Children Crime Statistics Philippines (esquiremag. ph)

Except in 2017, when it climbed by 2% from the year before, CICL aged 16 to 17 declined by
30% from the year before and by 29% from 2016. Similar to this, CICL among those between the ages
of 12 and 15 fell by 40% in 2018 and by 2% in 2017. In addition, it fell by 42% from 2016 and 2018.

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A. 1.1.4. CAR and CICL by Sex and Age (2016-2018)

Source: PNP Records

A. 1.1.5. Overcrowded Juvenile Correctional Facilities

Caloocan City’s Yakap-Bata Holding Center

The overcrowding issue at Caloocan City's Yakap-Bata Holding Center is a pressing concern that
needs immediate attention. The holding center, which is meant to temporarily house children in conflict with
the law, has been operating beyond its capacity for quite some time now. This overcrowding situation not
only violates the rights of these children but also hampers the effectiveness of the rehabilitation and
reintegration programs that the center aims to provide. The overcrowding at the Yakap-Bata Holding Center
is a result of various factors. One of the main reasons is the increasing number of children who are being
apprehended for committing offenses. With limited resources and facilities, the center is struggling to
accommodate the growing population. This has led to cramped living conditions, lack of privacy, and
compromised hygiene standards, which can have detrimental effects on the physical and mental well-being
of the children.

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A. 1.1.6. Abused inside ‘Bahay Pag-Asa’

B. Project Objectives

B.1 Major Objective

Design a spacious Juvenile Correctional Center with the primary goal of creating a safe and secure
environment for young offenders. This entails strategizing the layout of the facility to ensure maximum
safety measures are in place. The design should incorporate spaces that promote reflection and learning.
This can include separate areas for educational activities, counseling sessions, and recreational spaces
that encourage positive social interaction. Creating separate wards for boys and girls, light, mild, and heavy
crimes can enhance the effectiveness of correctional systems in promoting rehabilitation and reducing
recidivism rates. This segregation can ensure that individuals are housed with others who are facing similar
challenges, allowing for tailored interventions and support systems.

B.2 Minor Objective

The project's goal is to design a Juvenile Center that reflects Filipino culture in its architectural
design and overall ambiance. This approach aims to create an environment that is culturally sensitive and
relevant to the young residents of the center, who are primarily Filipino. By incorporating elements of
Filipino culture into the design, such as traditional materials, motifs, and colors, the center will not only
provide a safe and supportive space for rehabilitation but also serve as a symbol of cultural pride and
identity. The design will strive to create a nurturing atmosphere that promotes healing, growth, and a sense
of belonging for the juveniles, while also respecting and celebrating their cultural heritage. Additionally, as a
part of their program, the children will learn how to create different types of Filipino cultural products: rattan
baskets, embroidered accessories, abaniko, etc. which they can sell outside the center.

C. The Clients

Juvenile Justice and Welfare Council

The execution of the Juvenile Justice and Welfare Act, as modified, is the responsibility of the
Juvenile Justice and Welfare Council (JJWC), a policy-making, coordinating, and monitoring
organization. The council guides a society with restorative justice and a will system that promotes and
defends the rights of children who are in danger and those who are in legal trouble is their vision.

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Department of Social Welfare and Development

The DSWD envisions a strong and resilient society where Filipinos have equal access to
development opportunities, enjoy a higher standard of living, and are free from hunger, poverty, abuse,
and exploitation thanks to a just and fair government.

Department of Education

The Department of Education in the Philippines aims to provide quality and accessible education to
all Filipinos. Its purpose includes curriculum development, teacher training, school management, and
ensuring equitable access to education, ultimately fostering national development, literacy, and critical
thinking skills among the Filipino population.

Local Government Unit of Bacoor Cavite

The City of Bacoor established a strong government and encouraged trade, business, and
culture in the City while utilizing contemporary technologies to provide a secure environment. City of
Bacoor: A model first-class city with resilient, independent, environmentally conscious residents who are
proud of their rich history and culture and who are competently led by public employees who put the
needs of others first and who are governed by the law, love of country, and the will of God.

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D. Project Scope And Limitations

The project's scope focuses on the development of a Juvenile Correctional and Rehabilitation
Center that follows the guidelines and makes other necessary adjustments to create a better facility to
entertain the different needs of the juvenile and the staff of the center. The project will limit its courses to
the Juveniles of different crimes, how heavy their crimes are, and their gender.

Target Users

● CICL between the ages of 15 and 18, but not older than 18, have committed an infraction and have
been given a court order to receive rehabilitation at the DSWD facility (RRCY).

● CICL serving a suspended sentence may, at the court's discretion, submit to one or more
dispositional measures that are conducive to their rehabilitation and welfare.

● CICL who have committed serious offenses that constitute a threat to the community

● CICL from the overcrowded Bahay Pag-Asa

CHAPTER II

MACRO AND MESO STUDIES

A. Macro Site Analysis

A.1 Region

The geography of CALABARZON is varied, including coastal areas as well as primarily high
interior terrain with gently rolling plains, undulating hills, and mountains. The region's landmass has
slopes on around 60% of its surface, ranging from 0% to 18%. CALABARZON is located in the
southwest of the island of Luzon, approximately south and east of Metro Manila. It is bounded on the
east by the Philippine Sea and the Bicol Region, on the south by the Verde Island Passage, and on the
west by the Luzon Sea. The area is easily accessible by several ground transportation methods. Five (5)
provinces—Cavite, Laguna, Batangas, Rizal, and Quezon—as well as thirty-one (31) congressional
districts, twenty (20) cities, one hundred twenty-two (122) municipalities, and an amazing four thousand
nineteen (4,019) barangays make up the area. With a total land area of 1,641,303 hectares, Region
IV-A, generally known as CALABARZON, has a total arable area of 912,411 hectares. While the present
proportion of developed land is 59.77%, or a total of 58,401 hectares, the potential irrigable area is
97,710 hectares. The Region was established by EXECUTIVE ORDER 103, which was enacted on May
17, 2002, and which resulted in the establishment of Regions IV-A and IV-B as well as the transfer of the
province of Aurora to the administrative jurisdiction of Region III.

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Map of Calabarzon

Source: PhilAtlas Map Data

CALABARZON has its own share of social issues and challenges, one of which is the presence of
juvenile offenders. To address this concern, there are several juvenile correction centers established in
CALABARZON. The exact number of juvenile correction centers in CALABARZON may vary over time as
new facilities are built or existing ones are upgraded. However, as of the latest available information from
DSWD, there are 2 known juvenile correction centers in the region. 1 from Tanay, Rizal, and the other from
Dasmariñas, Cavite These centers serve as temporary residences for youth offenders who have committed
crimes and are awaiting trial or serving their sentences.

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Source: Social Welfare Centers and Institutions – DSWD Map Viewer

B. Meso Site Analysis

A.2. Province

A. 3. Town

The proposed project is set to be located in Bacoor, a place renowned as the "Flag Capital of the
Philippines," owing to its historical significance as the hometown of national artists Carlos "Botong"
Francisco in visual arts and Lucio San Pedro in music, as well as its distinction as the site of the Angono
Petroglyphs, the country's earliest known artwork. This cultural hub actively seeks inclusion in the UNESCO
Creative Cities Network and advocates for the Angono Petroglyphs to be listed as a World Heritage site.
Among its primary products are Basalt Rocks, while it is also celebrated for its murals, sculptures,
paintings, and the unique culinary offering of fried "Itik." Notable art attractions in the area include the Ang
Nuno Artist Foundation Gallery, Balaw-Balaw Specialty Restaurant and Art Gallery, Blanco Family Museum,
Higantes Festival, House of Maestro Lucio San Pedro, N

With a total land area of 52.40 square kilometers, Bacoor City is subdivided into 73 barangays that
are grouped into two legislative districts namely, Bacoor West and Bacoor East. It is the second most
populous city in the province.

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Source: CLUP (2015-2024) | Bacoor Government Center

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CHAPTER III

DESIGN STANDARDS AND PERTINENT LAWS

A. Design Standards

A.1. Foreign Case Study

A.1.1. The Hualapai Juvenile Detention and Rehabilitation Center (HJDRC)

Source: Juvenile Detention and Rehabilitation Center | The Hualapai Tribe Website (hualapai-nsn.gov)

Brief Discussion:

A 30-bed institution featuring three holding cells, a leisure yard, a garden, a greenhouse, and a
sweat lodge is known as the Hualapai Juvenile Detention and Rehabilitation Center (HJDRC) located in
India. HJDRC started housing local youths in April 2009. The majority of the day is spent in an on-site
classroom where the youngsters participate in educational activities. Year-round attendance at school is
Monday through Friday.

Services Offered:

The services that are implemented into their daily schedule are dependent on dedicated staff and
community volunteers who are motivated to get the youth involved in drug and alcohol-free activities as well
as traditional beliefs. The services we offer are Life skills, Weekly Ministry, Cultural Arts and crafts:
Beading, weaving, gourd painting, Individual and group counseling, Gardening and ethnobotany, Youth
Council Meetings, and Culinary Classes: Youth are given the opportunity to earn their food handlers card.,
Drug education classes

Significance and Relatedness:

In designing a juvenile center, open space is a vital component that should not be overlooked.
Open space refers to the areas within the center that are not enclosed or restricted, such as courtyards,

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recreation areas, and outdoor spaces. It provides them with a sense of freedom, connection to nature, and
opportunities for recreational activities, all of which are essential for their physical and mental development.

A.1.2.

A.2 Local Case Study

A.2.1 Cagayan Valley: Regional Rehabilitation Center for the Youth

Source: Regional Rehabilitation Center for the Youth - DSWD Field Office 2

Brief Discussion:

For the purpose of establishing a community farm park facility for out-of-school youth, children in
conflict with the law, and other disadvantaged children, the Department of Agrarian Reform transferred a
13.5-hectare agricultural land property in Roma Norte, Enrile, Cagayan to the Department of Social Welfare
and Development in 1992. The DSWD promised to cover the costs of the property's use, upkeep, and
improvements.

Services Offered:

The Cagayan Valley Rehab Center offers the following services to the youth: Home Life
Services/Group where the facility provides a home environment and group living arrangement with
well-balanced, organized, and non-formal activities for the youth, Treatment Interventions that provide
comprehensive interventions for the rehabilitation of youth offenders which are primarily carried out by an
interdisciplinary team composed of social worker, psychologist, houseparent and in some instances, a
psychiatrist, and Support Services/Interventions where competency and skills development, vocational
training livelihood and productivity program, socio-cultural and recreational program, spiritual enhancement

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program and other skills training to expand their sense of responsibility and community Involvement is
provided.

Significance and Relatedness:

When designing a juvenile center, it is crucial to make the most out of what is available in the
location. The design of a juvenile center plays a significant role in the rehabilitation and reformation of
young offenders. By utilizing the resources and features of the location, architects and designers can create
a space that promotes positive change and growth for these individuals. Like the Cagayan Valley Regional
Rehab Center, the lot they have has a rice farm and they used it as a part of their program for the juveniles.

B. Pertinent Laws

The related laws and design standards to the project have a description of how they will be used
and how they will help the proposed YOU’th: Regional Based Service Juvenile Correctional and
Rehabilitation Center. The details below are just an overview of the regulations needed for the project.

Republic Act No. 9344 (Juvenile Justice and Welfare Act of 2006)

It is a landmark legislation in the Philippines that seeks to protect the rights and promote the
welfare of children in conflict with the law. This law recognizes that children who commit offenses are not
the same as adult offenders and therefore should be treated differently. It aims to provide a restorative and
rehabilitative approach rather than a punitive one for children in conflict with the law. One of the key
provisions of the Juvenile Justice and Welfare Act of 2006 is the establishment of a separate justice system
for children. This means that children who are accused of committing offenses are not subjected to the
regular court processes but instead are handled by specialized juvenile courts. These courts are designed
to provide a more child-friendly environment and ensure that the rights of the child are protected throughout
the judicial process. The law also emphasizes the importance of diversion programs for children in conflict
with the law. Diversion programs are alternatives to formal court proceedings and imprisonment. They
focus on rehabilitating and reintegrating the child into society, rather than punishing them. These programs
may include counseling, community service, and skills training to address the underlying issues that led to
their involvement in criminal activities. Furthermore, the Juvenile Justice and Welfare Act of 2006 mandates
the creation of Bahay Pag-asa or Youth Rehabilitation Centers. These centers serve as residential facilities
for children in conflict with the law who need temporary custody or rehabilitation. The goal is to provide a
supportive and nurturing environment where children can receive education, counseling, and skills training
to help them reintegrate into society.

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Republic Act No. 10630 (An Act Establishing a Comprehensive Juvenile Justice and Welfare
System, Creating the Juvenile Justice and Welfare Council under the Department of Social Welfare
and Development, Appropriating Funds Therefor, and for Other Purposes.)

Republic Act No. 10630, also known as the Comprehensive Juvenile Justice and Welfare System,
was enacted to establish a comprehensive framework for the treatment and rehabilitation of children in
conflict with the law. The law recognizes that children who commit offenses are still in the process of
developing and should be given an opportunity to reform and reintegrate into society. It aims to provide a
restorative justice approach that focuses on the well-being and rehabilitation of the child. One of the key
provisions of Republic Act No. 10630 is the creation of the Juvenile Justice and Welfare Council under the
Department of Social Welfare and Development. This council is responsible for formulating policies, plans,
and programs related to juvenile justice and welfare. It also coordinates with other government agencies,
non-government organizations, and stakeholders to ensure the effective implementation of the law.

Administrative Order No.15 Series of 2005 (Standard for Youth Detention Homes)

This order is a crucial step towards promoting the rights and welfare of young individuals who are
confined to these facilities due to their involvement in unlawful activities. The order provides guidelines and
protocols that aim to ensure that youth detention homes are safe, secure, and conducive to the
rehabilitation and reintegration of the youth offenders. The administrative order sets forth specific standards
that must be met by youth detention homes in various aspects. These include the physical facilities, which
should be designed to provide a supportive environment for the youth's development. The order also
emphasizes the importance of providing educational, vocational, and recreational programs to promote
their personal growth and skills development. Furthermore, it highlights the need for proper nutrition,
healthcare services, and psychological support to address the holistic needs of the youth detainees.

REFERENCES

DEMOGRAPHICS:

CALABARZON (Region IV‑A) Profile – PhilAtlas

Cavite Profile – PhilAtlas

Bacoor City, Cavite Profile – PhilAtlas

DEMAND ANALYSIS:

Republic Act No. 10630 (lawphil.net)

Juvenile Delinquency0 in the Philippines: Is Juvenile Justice Fair? • BusinessMirror

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Cavite Profile - Cities and Municipalities Competitive Index (dti.gov.ph)

Children Crime Statistics Philippines (esquire mag. ph)

Juvenile crime rate in the Philippines 2020 (multiscreensite.com)

GEOGRAPHY:

Cavite Land Maps | Cavite

CLUP (2015-2024) | Bacoor Government Center

Cavite Climate, Weather By Month, Average Temperature (Philippines) - Weather Spark

REFERENCE:

Republic Act No. 10630 (lawphil.net)

PIA - Bahay Pag-asa: A haven of second chances for child offenders

Gendered juvenile detention in the Philippines | OpenGlobalRights

Juvenile Detention and Rehabilitation Center | The Hualapai Tribe Website (hualapai-nsn.gov)

Regional Rehabilitation Center for the Youth - DSWD Field Office 2

R.A. 9344 (lawphil.net)

AO_2005-015.pdf (dswd.gov.ph)

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