PURCOM030 REVIEWER 5.

KEITH DAVIS – process of passing

information and understanding from
COMMUNICATION one to another
- the process of understanding and
sharing meaning NATURE OF COMMUNICATION:
- communicare, latin word – to make 1. Process – moves and changes
common/to share 2. Meaning – involves ideas, opinions,
- communis, root word and feelings understanding shared by
 Verbal: Written & Oral communicators
 Non-Verbal: Gestures, 3. Symbolic – rely on words and
expressions, posture, movements, actions
eye contact, proxemics, &
haptics INTERNAL – within organization
4 Types of Communication: EXTERNAL – anyone outside the
1. INTRAPERSONAL (self-talk); organization CHANNEL/ SENDER
MEDIUM
superego
2. INTERPERSONAL (1-on-1) COMMUNICATION PROCESS
3. GROUP (3-15)
4. PUBLIC (15 & more)
PROXIMATES (Space):
 INTIMATE (0.5m) FEEDBACK MESSAGE
ENCODING
 PERSONAL (1.2m-1.5m)
 PUBLIC (3.0m)
Composed of Communication:
1. Sharing – doing something together
2. Understanding – to relate our RECEIVER
CHANNEL/
perception and interpretation MEDIUM

3. Meaning – what we share through DECODING

communication

OTHER MEANINGS:
1. Interchange of thought or
information between 2 or more to ENCODING – intended message
bring mutual understanding and MESSAGE – what actually delivered
desired action. CHANNEL/MEDIUM – how/where
2. AMERICAN MANAGEMENT message is delivered
ASSOCIATION – any behavior that RECEIVER – receives message
results in exchange of meaning DECODING – how the receiver interprets
3. PETER LITTLE – information is the message
transmitted between 1 or more FEEDBACK – message sent by receiver
person
4. NEWMAN AND SUMMER JR. – BARRIERS OF EFFECTIVE
exchange facts, ideas, opinion, or COMMUNICATION
emotions by 2 or more people 1. SEMANTIC
o badly expressed message
 o symbols with different
meaning (DISTRUST)
o faulty transitions
o unclarified assumptions
o technical jargons
o body language & gestures
(DECODING) LATERAL COMMUNICATION
o linguistic/verbal
2. PSYCHOLOGICAL
o premature evaluation
CROSSWISE COMMUNICATION
o lack of attention
o loss by transmission
3. ORGANIZATIONAL BARRIERS
o organizational policy
o rules & regulation
o STATUS Linguistic Barrier – language – words,
o complexity of organizational volume, pitch
structure Cultural Barrier – differences
o organizational facilities Physical - environment
4. PERSONAL BARRIERS Psychological - emotion
o fear of challenge of authority Physiological – mind & body
o lack of confidence of superior Jargon – technical words
his subordinates Kinesics – language of body
o unwillingness to Proxemics – language of space
communicate Haptics – language of touch
o lack of proper “incentives” Chronemics – language of the time
Appearance – language of looks-
DOWNWARD COMMUNICATION appearance
Higher Level

Lower Level

UPWARD COMMUNICATION
Higher Level

Lower Level