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Harsh Singh (20BBA2093) SIP Report Final For Printout
Harsh Singh (20BBA2093) SIP Report Final For Printout
I the undersigned solemnly declare that the report of the project work
entitled "study of insurance policies terms and conditions ", is based
my own work carried out during the course of my study under the
supervision of Ms. Medha Gupta (Associate professor, Chandigarh
University, Mohali.
i
DUBBAL INSURANCE BROKER PVT LIMITED
DIRECT(GENERAL),
IRDA LICENCE NO. 845/VALID UP TO 25/8/2025
GST NO. 06AAJCD286M129
CERTIFICATE BY SUPERVISOR
This to certify that the report of the project submitted is the outcome of
the project work entitled "A Study on Rural Finance Provided by ICICI
Bank" carried out by Harsh Singh bearing UID: 20BBA2093 Carried by
under my guidance and supervision for the award of Degree in Bachelor
of Business Administration of Chandigarh University
To the best of my knowledge the report
i) Embodies the work of the candidate him/herself,
iii) Fulfils the requirement of the ordinance relating to the BBA degree
of the University and
i
CERTIFICATE BY GUIDE
This to certify that the report of the project submitted is the outcome of the project work entitled “A
STUDY ON INSURANCE POLICIES TERMS AND CONDITIONS”, carried out by
PRIYANKA PRAHARAJ bearing UID : - 21BBA2730 Carried by under my guidance and supervision
for the award of Degree in Bachelor of Business Administration of Chandigarh University.
………………………………………………..
i
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
The past 6 weeks working on this project under the guidance of my Project Leader
and Guide has greatly influenced my way of thinking towards facing the challenges
during day-to-day development of this project. This will help me a lot in future as I
move further ahead in my professional life in the days to come.
A formal statement of acknowledgement will hardly meet the ends of justice in the
matter of expressing my deep sense of gratitude and obligation to all those who helped
me in the completion of this project report.
Last but not the least I would also like to express my gratitude to dubbal insurance
company’s employees and all my friends who helped me a lot throughout this project.
Priyanka Praharaj
i
PREFACE
v
INDEX
Declaration i
Certificate by Ii
Company Certificate iii
by Guide iv
Acknowledgement
Preface v
Table of Contents
1 Introduction 3-38
2 Review of literature 39-47
3 Research Methodology 48-51
3.1 Objective of the Study
3.2 Research Plan
3.3 Data Collection
3.4 Sample Plan
Bibliography
Appendix
v
LIST OF TABLES
INTRODUCTION
A HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE
The earliest banks in India can be traced to the three presidency banks (in Bengal,
Mumbai, and Chennai) in the early 1980s. Subsequently with the emergence of
several small banks in the country, the number of banks had gone up 105 by
December by 1934. In 1921, the three-presidency banks were merged into the imperial
bank of India, which, apart from usual commercial operations, also took over certain
central banking functions. Since the Reserve Bank of India was established as a full –
fledged central bank of the country in 1935.
The Imperial bank of India was nationalized and came to be known as the State Bank
of India the establishment of the state bank of India was one of the significant steps
taken by the government of India to control its expanding economy.
The banking system witnessed a steady growth during the post- independence period
and by the mid- sixties the system has become fairly strong and compact. However
several deficiencies in their functioning were noticed, mainly in terms of geographical
coverage and credit deployment. The network of branches of various banks covered
only a limited segment of the population in major cities while the rural areas and semi-
urban areas were totally neglected. it was also noticed that substantial gaps in credit
deployment existed in financing agriculture, small - scale industry and self - employed
persons. Further, the ownership pattern of banks showed the concentration of
economic power in few hands
Definition Of Banking
Banking activities existed in India even before the vedic times, where giving and
taking of Credit in one form of the other was where giving and taking of Credit in one
form of the other was prevalent the ancient Hindu Literature and Scriptures refer to the
money lending activities. Mostly of books are in Sanskrit and Pali language. In the
ancient times, the main functions of the banks relating to individual or the state in the
times of crises.
Although the origin of the banking in India was in the form of money lending
business, the transition from money lending to formal banking took place in 2 nd
century. All banking activities were under the control of Private Sector. The persons
who performed banking activities were known as shreslities. Nagar Seths, Sharaf and
Ehietties. These names are still popular in modern India.
The English Agency Houses in Calcutta and Mumbai began to serve as a banker of the
East India Company. They finance the movement of crops, issued paper money and
passed the way for establishment of joint stock banks. The earliest of these was
established in 1770 by one of the Agency Houses in Calcutta and its business was
closely connected with other houses. But it was wound up in 1832. when the firm of
Alexander and Company, with which it was intimately connected, failed. The Bengal
bank and the General Bank of India was established in 1784 and 1786 respectively.
ForeignBank
Bank Nationalized
RRB’s
However, the ruin of Goldsmiths proved as turning point in the English Banking. It let
to the growth of private banking and establishment of Bank of England in 1694, is the
prototype and exemplar of all our modern banks; its history, therefore, will deserve the
particular attention.
Bank of England derived huge profits from the circulation of it. The other private
English Bankers issued their own notes, payable on and these notes according to the
credit of the issuers, obtained a great circulation in the neighborhood of the bankers
who issued them.
CURRENT SCENARIO
The Indian has finally worked up to the competitive dynamics of new Indian market
and is addressing the relevant issues take on the multifarious challenges of
globalization. Banks that employ IT solutions are perceived to be futuristic and
proactive players capable of meeting the multifarious requirement of large customer
base. Private Banks have been fast on the uptake and are reorienting their strategies
using the Internet as a medium.
The Indian industry has confidently hit the growth trial that pick in activity is best
reflected in the banking sector which after all is as candid a mirror of a country’s
economy as you could ever find. Most of the Indian financial intermediaries have been
keeping pace with the deepening market economy, riding the opportunity that come
along with reforms even as they brace themselves for increased competition both
foreign and private by strengthening prudential norms and leveraging technology to
ensure that growth engine hums smoothly along
The essential function of a bank is to provide services related to the storing of value
and the extending credit. The evolution of banking dates back to the earliest writing,
and continues in the present where a bank is a financial institution that provides
banking and other financial services. Currently the term bank is generally understood
an institution that holds a banking license. Banking licenses are granted by financial
supervision authorities and provide rights to conduct the most fundamental banking
services such as accepting deposits and making loans. There are also financial
institutions that provide certain banking services without meeting the legal definition
of a bank, a so called non-bank. Banks are a subset of the financial services industry.
The word bank is derived from the italian banca, which is derived from German and
means bench. The terms bankrupt and "broke" are similarly derived from banca rotta,
which refers to an out of business bank, having its bench physically broken. Money
lenders in Northern Italy originally did business in open areas, or big open rooms,
with each lender working from his own bench or table.
Typically, a bank generates profits from transaction fees on financial services or the
interest spread on resources it holds in trust for clients while paying them interest on
the asset.
Although the type of services offered by a bank depends upon the type of bank and the
country, services provided usually include:
Directly take deposits from the general public and issue checking and
saving accounts.
Lend out money to companies and individuals (see money lender)
Cash checks.
Facilitate money transactions such as wire transfers and cashiers checks
Issue credit cards, ATM, and debit cards and online banking.
Storage of valuables, particularly in a safe deposit box.
Types of banks
There are several different types of banks including:
Central banks usually control monetary policy and may be the lender of last
resort in the event of a crisis. They are often charged with controlling the money
supply, including printing paper money. Examples of central banks are the European
Central Bank and the US Federal Reserve Bank.
Investment banks underwrite stock and bond issues and advice on mergers.
Examples of investment banks are Goldman Sachs of the USA or Nomura Securities
of Japan.
Merchant banks were traditionally banks which engaged in trade financing. The
modern definition, however, refers to banks which provide capital to firms in the form
of shares rather than loans. Unlike Venture capital firms, they tend not to invest in new
companies.
Private banks manage the assets of the very rich. An example of a private bank
is the Union Bank of Switzerland. Savings banks write mortgages exclusively.
Even if liquidity is not a concern, if there is no run on the bank, banks can simply
choose a bad portfolio of loans, and lose more money than they have. The US Savings
and Loan Crisis in the late 1980s and early 1990s is such an incident.
Even where the reserve ratio is not controlled by the government, a minimum figure
will still be set by regulatory authorities as part of banking supervision.
Regulation
The combination of the instability of banks as well as their important facilitating role
in the economy led to banking being thoroughly regulated. The amount of capital a
bank is required to hold is a function of the amount and quality of its assets. Major
banks are subject to the Basel Capital Accord promulgated by the Bank for
International Settlements. In addition, banks are usually required to purchase deposit
insurance to make sure smaller investors are not wiped out in the event of a bank
failure. Another reason banks are thoroughly regulated is that ultimately, no
government can allow the banking system to fail. There is almost always a lender of
last resort—in the event of a liquidity crisis (where short term obligations exceed short
term assets) some element of government will step in to lend banks enough money to
avoid bankruptcy.
ICICI and other banks mostly deal with other people’s money, i.e. depositors. Their
own funds in the form of share capital and resources generally do not constitute more
than 5% of the total resources of the banks. The deposits are either repayable on
commercial bank to meet the claims of the depositors on demands or on due dates will
result in loss of credibility of the bank. ICICI banks have, therefore to perform to
difficult task of maintaining and equilibrium between liquidity of profitability.
ICICI banks are established under private sector as well as under Government Sector
in many countries. Banking organizations have been established by industrialist, firm
or joint stock companies under private sector.
In some cases, the banks are under the joint management of State and Private Sector
with overall control of State, whether the banking activities should be in Private
Sector or operate under Government Supervision in a country.
There are many points, which are require to be considered in death for setting up
banking organization. These points very from situation to situation, time to time,
country to country, local to international and from small –scale to large activities.
The Government are keeping regular watch on private bank performance through their
Central Bank, Banking or other legislative laws. The functions of the banks (Private
Sector or Public Sector) are wide and diverse in Modern Economies. Banking
activities under close watch of Government. Huge public money is mobilized and
canalized in different investment
Mission
ICICI will leverage our people, technology, speed and financial capital to:
ORIGINATION
The development banking institution set up in the country, after Industrial Finance
Corporation (IFC); was the Industrial Credit Investment Corporation of India (ICICI).
It was set up during 1955 by government of India and World Bank. It was to be a
private sector development bank in so far as there was no participation by government
in its share capital
2008 : ICICI Bank enters US, launches its first branch in New York : ICICI Bank
enters Germany, opens its first branch in Frankfurt : ICICI Bank launched iMobile, a
breakthrough innovation in banking where practically all internet banking transactions
can now be simply done on mobile phones. : ICICI Bank concluded India's largest
ever securitization transaction of a pool of retail loan assets aggregating to Rs. 48.96
billion (equivalent of USD 1.21 billion) in a multi-tranche issue backed by four
different asset categories. It is also the largest deal in Asia (ex-Japan) in 2008 till date
and the second largest deal in Asia (ex-Japan & Australia) since the beginning of
2009. : ICICI Bank
ICICI Bank's agri-banking has created an interface between rural areas and
mainstream financial service providers to maximize outreach and leverage
technology. This reduces the cost of finance delivery, devises customized solutions
and offers complete supply-chain solutions for the corporate partner.
The Bank acts as a cohesive partner between corporate and rural aggregators (like co-
operatives, MFIs, NGOs). These aggregators have the inherent strength of grass root
relationships in the rural domain.
Also, there is a range of financial products for these aggregators and their
members, which have been developed by the bank. Advantages offered to
clients
Aids the corporate to establish a supply chain in the rural domain.
Helps market the corporate products in rural areas.
Facilitates economic development and employment in rural areas
• On the other end of the spectrum, through its relationship with a number of agri-
input companies, the Bank can also bring in input companies so that the entire input
For Farmers
The bank provides Corporate-linked Agricultural loans to farmers associated with
sugar companies. The association may be in form of an agreement to buy agricultural
inputs or sell their produce to the sugar company.
Plantations have lengthy gestation period lasting four to five years, which distinguish
their financial needs. Having long-term industry relations with the plantation industry,
ICICI Bank has developed especially structured products.
Organizer of finance
Seed organizers undertake seed production on behalf of the seed company. Short-
term loans are extended for seed cultivation or against stocks held by seed
organizers pending the seed-certification process.
The Bank provides financial assistance to seed organizers on a recommendation
and letter of comfort given by seed companies. The credit limit depends on the
value of the seeds to be procured by the seed company from the seed organizer.
The seed company has to make payments directly to the bank on the due date from
payments due to the organizer, and this arrangement is to be confirmed by the seed
company.
Dealer financing
This product provides short-term finance to dealers of fertilizer companies to make
purchases of products from companies. The finance is to meet the requirements for
the inventory-holding period of the dealer, i.e. typically up to 90 days. Financing to
the dealers would be made on one of the following bases
• Financial recourse in the nature of a Corporate Guarantee for the
overall arrangement
• Non-Financial Recourse in the nature of Letter of Comfort for the overall
arrangement (Stop supply, etc.).
Infrastructure
The Bank has a strong presence in Agri-infrastructure financing. Areas include
financing of various agricultural projects in the agri- infrastructure sector like:
Market Federations
The Bank works with State-level Market Federations (Markfeds) at various
platforms and has several products and services designed for them.
Working Capital
Working Capital facilities designed to take care of the day-to-day business
requirements of the organization.
In accord with the domestic trading business of MARKFED, the Bank provides
cash credit and other customized short-term products
Term Loans
No White Spaces
In order to scale up our outreach to the under-served population in rural areas, we
have adopted the 'No White Spaces' (NWS) strategy for our retail business.
We intend to cover the selected areas in rural India so that there is an ICICI Bank
customer touch-point within a radius of 10km of a customer -- thus leaving 'no
white space' in those locations .
You can approach us through your local Business Correspondent. Rural Savings
Account is a Zero balance account and hence there is no minimum balance
requirement. Interest earned on your Rural Savings Account balance shall be credited
to your account on a half yearly basis in the months of September and March. You
can change the nominee(s) by making a declaration to that effect, in the appropriate
form, which is available with the Business Correspondent.
Features
Eligibility
Resident Indians above the age of 18 years. NRIs and foreign nationals are
not eligible for this Account.
Individuals residing in rural areas.
Documentation
Identity proof
Proof of communication address
Interest Rate for ICICI Bank Tax-Saver Fixed Deposit (Tenure – 5 Years)
2. Farmer Finance
Providing finance to the farmer for his various needs of inputs and consumption in the
form of crop loans, dairy loans and loans for allied activities to agriculture like
irrigation etc. for input needs and auto loans (two, three and four wheeler) and
personal loans for consumption needs. The customer can also avail of working capital
term loan for setting up a poultry project. Flexible repayment pattern and tenure to
align to the cash flow of the customers
Any blood relative or spouse can be the co applicant. Blood relatives include father,
mother, brother and sister.
Crop
Land
Building
Cattle / Livestock
Vehicles
Fixed Deposits / RD
Gold ornaments / jewels
you can still avail of a loan based on your profile, credit strengths and other criteria as
may be decided by ICICI Bank from time to time. ICICI will give you the opportunity
to prepay your loan at any point of time during the tenure of the loan
Reducing balance is a method of charging interest where the interest is charged on the
outstanding principal amount after each installment has been paid. Under this method,
you pay interest only on the loan amount which is outstanding and not on a total flat
basis.
It is not mandatory for you to open an account with ICICI Bank
The stages involved are:
Agricultural Users
Any individual aged above 18 years at the beginning of the tenure and below 65 years
by the end of the tenure; involved in agriculture for the last 5 years.
Guarantor In case the applicant is not able to meet the eligibility norms on his
own, the proposal can be strengthened by a guarantor who could be any known person
of the applicant staying in the same village having an earlier good track record or
owning land.
In case the land of the applicant is mortgaged, in agricultural deals, guarantor is not
required.
Loan Amount
The loan amount varies from customer to customer depending on the type of loan, the
valuation of the land being mortgaged, cost of cultivation, income of the customer and
tenure desired for.
Loans for the following purposes will be available to the customer:
Crop loan
Personal Loan
Vehicle loan
Dairy loan
Loan Amount
The loan amount varies from customer to customer depending on the type of loan, the
valuation of the land being mortgaged, cost of cultivation, income of the customer and
tenure desired for .
Loans for the following purposes will be available to the customer:
Crop loan
Dairy loan
Land Development Loan
Poultry Loan
Documentation
In case the customer has earlier availed of a loan from any bank/finance company,
providing the track record of the loan repayment can significantly improve the credit
assessment of the customer.
Our large network of sales and verification personnel ensure that your loan is
approved in the fastest time possible. ICICI have our Credit Managers stationed at all
important locations who will ensure that your loan gets approved within no time.
This localized approval is one of the main factors which allow us to give a fast and
consistent service through our Vikas Sahyogis to the customers.
The rate of interest varies from customer to customer and depends on various factors
like the current PLR (Prime Lending Rate), land holding, loan amount, viability of the
proposition and the underlying collaterals provided. It will be our endeavor for you to
get the best possible rate of interest.
Repayment
Application Process
The application is to be made through our DST (Direct Sales Team) or RMA (Rural
Marketing Agent), who will guide you through the process of applying for the loan.
Once the loan is disbursed, you shall be getting a schedule of payment that will give
details of how the interest has been charged over the tenure of the loan. There is a
nominal one-time file-processing fee that needs to be paid. Service tax of 10.2% on
the processing fees needs to be paid separately
Any blood relative or spouse can be the co applicant. Blood relatives include father,
mother, brother and sister.
The tractor will be hypothecated in favor of ICICI Bank. If required, land can also be
mortgaged as a collateral. you can still avail of a loan based on your profile, credit
strengths and other criteria as may be decided by ICICI Bank from time to time. ICICI
will give you the opportunity to prepay your loan at any point of time during the
tenure of the loan. ICICI will charge 4% of the principal outstanding at the time pre-
payment of the loan.
Reducing balance is a method of charging interest where the interest is charged on the
outstanding principal amount after each installment has been paid. Under this method,
you pay interest only on the loan amount which is outstanding and not on a total flat
basis. It is not mandatory for you to open an account with ICICI Bank.
Preferred financier for almost all leading tractor manufacturers in the country.
Financing farm equipments in over 381 locations spread across the country.
Fast processing of files with easy documentation.
Flexible repayment options in tandem with the farmer's seasonal liquidity.
Monthly, Quarterly and Half-yearly repayment patterns to choose from.
Comfortable repayment tenures from 1 year to 6 years.
Loan Amount
The loan amount varies from customer to customer depending on the eligibility
criteria. ICICI fund a maximum of 85% of the cost of the tractor, and 50% of the cost
of the Trolley.
Agricultural use
Application form with photograph of the customer and all co applicants and/or
guarantor.
Performa Invoice of the asset to be funded from an authorized dealer.
Land records of the borrower/s.
Land valuation and title search report of the
land. Residence proof of the borrower/s.
Identity proof of the borrower/s.
Signature verification of the borrower/s.
Loan agreement, duly signed by the applicants and guarantor.
2 SPDCs (Security Post Dated Cheques) for entire
tenure.
Commercial Use
Application form with photograph of the customer and all co applicants and/or
guarantor.
Performa Invoice of the asset to be funded from an authorized dealer.
Proof of Income (any of the following) :
In case the customer has earlier availed of a loan from any bank/finance company,
providing the track record of the loan repayment can significantly improve the credit
assessment of the customer.
Loan Approval
Our large network of sales and verification personnel ensure that your loan is
approved in the fastest time possible. ICICI have our Credit Managers stationed at all
important locations who will ensure that your loan gets approved within no time.
This process of localised approval allows us to give a fast and consistent service to
our dealers and customers.
Repayment
4. Aquaculture Finance
Rupee working capital term loan / Overdraft Facility.1Years with renewal at the end of
every year. Validity for 3 years
ICICI Bank loans for funding aquaculture projects come to you at attractive rates of
interest that are based on the prevailing market situation.
In case of Overdraft facility borrower shall pay monthly interest on or before 10th
day of next month.
In case of Working Capital term Loan bullet re-payment of principal at the end of the
year / loan tenure, with half yearly interest servicing.
Your spouse or any blood relative of yours or can be the co applicant. Blood relatives
include your father, mother, brother and son.
(Loan amount should be based on the total water spread area and not the total area of
the tank)
Balance loan transfer from any other Bank and Financial Institutions (Private Bank,
Public Sector Banks, and Cooperative Banks etc) will be allowed under the program,
provided the farmer fits in the selection criteria mentioned in program.
At any branch that you may specify. However, you can operate the loan and
repayments from any of our branches under our Anywhere Banking facility.
Borrower Eligibility
Farmers
Agri-enterprises/Processors
Traders
Loan Amount
Repayment
Repayment has to be done within 6 months from the date of disbursement.
Rate of Interest
ICICI offer a competitive rate of interest to our customers. This interest rate can vary
depending on the prime lending rate, the loan amount and the underlying collateral.
REVIEW OF LITERATURE
It is usual to measure the performance of banks using financial ratios. Yeh (2016)
notes that the major demerit of this approach is its reliance on benchmark ratios.
These benchmarks could be arbitrary and may mislead an analyst. Further, Sherman,
and Gold (2015) note that financial ratios don’t capture the long-term performance,
and aggregate many aspects of performance such as operations, marketing and
financing.
Many studies have been conducted by researchers on NPAs in banking industry. The
researcher has made attempts to present a brief review of the literature available,
which are published in the form of research articles and technical papers published in
the journals, magazines and websites in the related area.
Cole et al. (2019) concluded that financial literacy programme has no effect on the
likelihood of opening a bank saving account, but do not find modest effects for
uneducated and financially illiterate households. In contrast, small subsidy payment
have a large effect on the likelihood of opening a saving account.
The literature available in the working and performance of RRBs in India is a little
limited. The literature obtained by investigators in the form of reports of various
committees and working groups established by the Union Government, NABARD
and Reserve Bank of India, the research studies, articles of researchers, bank
officials, economists and the comments of economic analysts and news is briefly
reviewed in this part.
A number of studies have been conducted to see the functioning and performance of
regional rural bank in the country. The literature available in the working and
Evolution of an effective institutional credit structure, which can meet the credit
needs ofthe rural economy, has been one of the basic objectives of credit policy
in India. The reservebank of India has policy of institutionalization of rural credit in
India. All India rural creditsurvey report recommended the three tier cooperative
credit system, viz. state cooperative bank , district central cooperative bank, and
primary cooperative societies, at state , district , and village level respectively.
The adoption of financial liberalization reforms has been a very laudable initiative
given the extent of financial repression that was prevalent prior to these reforms and
the stifling effects of repression on both the financial sector itself and on the economy
as a whole. The rural population in India suffers from a great deal of indebtedness
and is subject to exploitation in the credit market due to high interest rates and the
lack of convenient access to credit.
Mr.Kalian (2019) :- The paper makes an effort to first gather the major reforms
measures and policies regarding the banking industry by the govt. of India and the
Central Bank of India (Reserve Bank of India) during the last fifteen years.
Secondly, the paper will try tostudy the major impacts of those reforms upon the
banking industry.
The rapid growth of cities in the developing world has led the struggle for improved
living standards and protection of the environment. Since 1950's the Urban
Population throughout the world has more than tripled, from just over 750 million to
about 3 billion, and by 2030 some 5 billion people will live in cities. In the
developing
From the above analysis it was concluded that total factor productivity change
(TFPCH) in performance of nationalized banks Total factor productivity change
(TFPCH) in performanceof Regional Rural Banks averaged at 1.3 percent during
2016-17 to 2021-22 The decompositionof TFPCH showed that the mean technical
progress increased at .9 percent whereas mean technical efficiency has shown a
marginal increase 0.1 percent during that period.
The rural finance is a matter of credit concernin a developing economy like India
where 70 percent of the total population depends upon agriculture for its livelihood.
Over 40 percent of the GDP in India is contributed by the rural sector. The economic
development of our country can be achieved only through the up-liftment of the
village folk that mainly consists of farmers, agricultural labourers, artisans etc.
Risk management and income recognition is the basic principle to restore and
enhance the financial Strength of the banking industry. At International level this
principle has constituted in 1974 by the Basel Committee to strengthen the
supervisory standard and risk management strategies and suggested the assets
classification and recognition norms. Reforms in the financial sector went through
two distinct phases.
Rural banks are primarily created to play a special role in regional economic
development in the Philippines. They generally serve small country-side borrowers
and act as conduits of subsidized loans from the government and international
donors. In 1952, the government enacted the Rural Banking Act and embarked on a
program to enable rural banks to effectively compete with the larger universal and
commercial banks and to increase investments in the regions.
RRBs though operate with a rural focus are primarily scheduled commercial banks
with a commercial orientation. Beginning with the seminal contribution of Haslem
(1968), the literature probing into factors influencing performance of banks
recognises two broad sets of factors, i.e., internal factors and factors external to the
bank.
The equation system is fitted using the 3SLS procedure. The results of the estimation
process are contained in Table 5. As observed from the Table, the first hypothesis is
borne out by evidence since the coefficient on the expense ratio is negative and
statistically significant in the RoA equation
Government of India has taken various steps for alleviating poverty since
Independence. However, in spite of the various efforts, almost 27 percent1 of total
population in India still continues to be below the poverty line. It is identified that
4
most of the poor are in the rural areas. Further, along with this poverty scenario, no
adequate employment has been generated in the labour market in India.
Financial sector reform has been a major component of the structural adjustments
being implemented in India since 2021. A key focus of these efforts has been on
reforming the Regional Rural Banks (KGB)—India’s state-owned development
finance vehicles charged with serving the rural poor, especially micro entrepreneurs,
in the agricultural and nonfarm sectors.
The institution of Regional Rural Banks (KGB) was created to meet the excess
demandfor institutional credit in the rural areas, particularly among the economically
and socially marginalized sections. 4Although the cooperative banks and the
commercial banks had reasonable records in terms of geographical coverage and
disbursement of credit, in terms of population groups the cooperative banks were
dominated by the rural rich,
The state of Maharashtra occupies the most prominent position in the economic and
banking map of India. It is the most economically advanced state in India. It
contributes thelargest share to national income. It is most urbanized and industrial
state in the country. It is also the birthplace of co-operative credit movement in the
country and continues to have strong co- operative credit institutions, both at urban
and rural centres.
You work for a local economic development agency for a living. Or you look into the
workings of the regional economies across your state for a university business
research centre. Or you are a graduate student wanting to get a handle on the how-to
of regional economic analysis. If your aim is to understand, explain or have some
positive impact on a regionaleconomy, you need to find, and make sense of, pertinent
socioeconomic data.
It could be appropriate to review some of the works done by the former researchers in
the field of Karnataka Vikas Grameena Bank n Agriculture development by
beneficiary farmers to prepare a suitable background for the present study. It helps to
acquire a broad general background in the given field. It provides basis for theoretical
framework and insight into methods and procedures of research. Since very few
related studies are available on profile borrowers of Regional Rural Banks
4
This paper describes the changes caused by the global financial crisis in the strategic
and operational choices made by local banks embedded in territories where Italian
technological districts are located, which can be described as cases in which
industrial policies have successfully promoted innovation.
Bahia and Nantel, (2020) developed Bank Service Quality (BSQ) scale to measure
the quality perceptions in banking activities. Shafie and Azmi (2018), their working
paper 001 stated that ARTER’s six dimensions (Compliance, Assurance, Reliability,
Tangibles, Empathy, and Responsiveness) were conceptualized as a proposed
framework for measuring quality of services in Islamic banks.
Pragathi Gramin Bank has been serving the rural population since past 27 years in
Deodurga Taluk, Raichur district. Over the years it has evolved many saving
products keeping in view the customers preferences. It has used campaigns, special
deposit mobilization fortnight, farmers clubs etc as saving mobilization strategies.
Mainly bank officials are involved in such mobilization campaigns.
This section provides the overview of previous studies reviewed related to the
determinants of the profitability of banks. Some studies were country specific and
few of them considered panel of countries for reviewing the determinants of
profitability. Overall these studies propose that the determinants of profitability for
bank can be divided into two groups; internal and external factors.
This paper explores the impact of various forms and levels of ICT on the
performance of rural cooperative banks using recent survey data from India. Findings
from the research suggest that modern information technology serves to enhance both
the efficiency and profitability of the rural credit institutions. Efficiency was
significantly enhanced by the usage of moderate technology at the lower
organisational level, e.g.
4
stand-alone computers at the branch level, mobile phone usage at PACS (Primary
Agricultural Credit Society) and field level.
ARB Apex Bank embarked on the project to make the benefits of computer and
networking technologies available to member rural banks. The study selected some
rural banks engaged inthe first phase of the project and sampled fifty respondents for
questionnaires..
Indian Economy : As per the RBI report, the Indian economy continued to record
strong growth during 2017-18, albett with some moderation. With adverse effect of
global recessions on Indian industry and service sector, the Reak GDP growth rate
of India, has declined from 9.6%in 2016-2017 to 9% in 2017-18. But the overall
growth of real GDP rate of the Indian economy during 2017-18 was noteworthy in
the global context.
4
An retrospect of the events clearly indicates that the Indian banking sector has come
for away from the days of nationalization. The Narasimham Committee laid the
foundation for the reformation of the Indian banking sector. Constituted in 1991, the
Committee submitted two reports, in 2012 and 2018, which laid significant trust on
enhancing the efficiency and viability of the Banking sector.
4
CHAPTER 3
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
4
TITLE OF THE STUDY
The title of the study is “A Study on Rural finance provided by ICICI bank”
To analyse the customer behaviour before taking loans from ICICI bank.
Research design: -
A research design is a framework or blueprint for conducting the marketing research
project. It details the procedures necessary for obtaining the required information, and
its purpose is to design a study that will test the hypotheses of interest, determine
possible answers to the research questions, and provide the information needed for
decision making.
Research can classify in one of three categories:
Exploratory research
Descriptive research
Causal research
Exploratory research has the goal of formulating problems more precisely,
clarifying concepts, gathering explanations, gaining insight, eliminating impractical
ideas, and forming hypotheses. Exploratory research can be performed using a
literature search, surveying certain people about their experiences, focus groups, and
4
case studies. When
5
surveying people, exploratory research studies would not try to acquire a
representative sample, but rather, seek to interview those who are knowledgeable and
who might be able to provide insight concerning the relationship among variables.
Case studies can include contrasting situations or benchmarking against an
organization known for its excellence. Exploratory research may develop hypotheses,
but it does not seek to test them. Exploratory research is characterized by its
flexibility.
Descriptive research is more rigid than exploratory research and seeks to describe
users of a product, determine the proportion of the population that uses a product, or
predict future demand for a product. As opposed to exploratory research, descriptive
research should define questions, people surveyed, and the method of analysis prior to
beginning data collection. In other words, the who, what, where, when, why, and how
aspects of the research should be defined. Such preparation allows one the opportunity
to make any required changes before the costly process of data collection has begun.
5
image of the company’s which is kept in mind by customers while buying any
product. It was very difficult to get the actual feedback from the customer.
5
CHAPTER 4
DATA ANALYSIS
5
SWOT ANALYSIS
A. STRENGTHS
ICICI Bank has excellent brand awareness and high quality image.
ICICI Bank has excellent market coverage all over the world and
covers a lot on the globe.
Advanced Technology
B. WEAKNESS
ICICI Bank's product line is not clearly positioned compared with
HDFC and IDBI
C. OPPORTUNITIES
Consumers are showing increased interest in some good schemes of
ICICI Bank.
5
Company develops a device for measuring illumination level.
D. THREATS
Expansion always brings high risk with itself so that is to be checked
and expected returns are not guaranteed.
5
Table 4.1 Age profile of the respondents
25-35
AGE PROFILE
35-45
45-55
20% 21% 55& above
27%,
32%
Interpretation: -
No of people in a sample is 100 out of them 21% are between age of 25-35 , 27%
are between 35-45 , 32% are between 45-55 and rest are of above age of 55.
5
Table 4.2 Profession of the respondents
Profession Respondent
Farming 34%
Govt/Public 21%
Dairy 25%
Poultry Farming 12%
Others 8%
8%
12% 34%
FARMING
GOVT/PUBLIC DAIRY
POULTRY FARMING
25% OTHERS
21%
Interpretation:-
Regarding the profession 34% people are doing the farming work. And after them
25% & 12% people are doing the business of dairy and poultry farming respectively.
21% people are Govt employees and rest 8% belong to other professions.
5
Table 4.3. Income level (per annum)
12%
41%
23%
10000-50000
50000-100000
100000-200000
24% 200000&above
Interpretation:-
The above graph is showing the income level of people the highest no of population
41% are earning more than 200000rs per annum.
5
Table 4.4: Lenders from where people take loan.
18%
32%
26% PVT.BANKS
GOVT BANKS GRAMINE BANK
MONEY LENDERS
24%
Interpretation:-
After the independence still the highest no of population (32%) is taking loan from
money lenders. After them highest no loan are taken 26% from Govt banks. After
them Gramine banks come.
5
Table 4.5: Purpose of borrowing a loan
23%
37%
TRACTOR
DAIRY EQUIPMENTS SEEDS
OTHERS
24%
16%
Interpretation:-
Purpose of loan is still the tractor which is taking the highest place 37%. Seeds and
dairy equipment comes after them at 24% & 16% respectively. And others reasons
stand on 23% which includes home, motorcycle, jeeps, mini vans etc.
6
Table 4.6 : People willing to take loan from Pvt. Banks.
33%
YES
67% NO
Interpretation:-
67% people do still not believe in private banks and they are not willing to take loan
from them.
6
Table 4.7: Amount of loan people want to borrow.
No. of respondent
5000-25000 7%
25000-50000 17%
50000-10000 29%
10000-150000 27%
Above 150000 20%
5000-25000
7%
Above 150000
20%
25000-50000
17%
5000-25000
25000-50000
100000-150000 50000-100000
27% 100000-150000
50000-100000
Above 150000
29%
Interpretation:-
6
Table 4.8 Time interval respondents have taken loan
1-2YEARS, 14%
MORE THAN
5YEARS, 32%
1-2YEARS
2-3 YEARS, 23%
2-3YEARS
3-5YEARS
3-5YEARS, 31% MORE THAN 5YEARS
Figure 4.8 : Time interval for that respondents have taken loan.
Interpretation:-
The highest no of people 32% are take loan for more than 5 years after time interval
for which people take loan is 3-5 years. That is 31% of respondents. Rest are of 23%
and 14% are took loan for 2-3 and 1-2 years respectively.
6
Table 4.9: People look into, before taking loan from a bank
Brand 34%
Service 25%
Others 20%
Service 25%
Brand 34%
Service Interest Rate Otheres Brand
Otheres 20%
Figure 4.9: People look into, before taking loan from a bank
Interpretation: -
Before taking loan people 34% people look in to brand and 25% look for service.21%
looks for interest rate and rest people look into other features.
6
Table 4.10: Banks from which ever loan was taken
BANKS No. of Respondent
SBI 37%
Rural Co-operative Banks 18%
Bank of Baroda 24%
Bandhan Bank 11%
HDFC 4%
Others 6%
Series1, Bank of
RURAL CO-OPERATIVE
Baroda
BANKS
, 24%, 24%
Series1, RURAL
CO-OPERATIVE BANKS, 18%, 18%
RAJASTHAN BANK
HDFC
Series1, , 0, 0%
OTHERS
Interpretation: -
People are still preferring the SBI as their main bank to take loan.
6
Table 4.11: Awareness about ICICI Rural Loans.
No. of Respondent
Yes 17%
No 83%
Series1, YES,
17%, 17%
YES
Series1, NO, NO
83%, 83%
Interpretation:-
6
If yes, then how
Advertisement 6%
Friends 20%
Others 74%
Chart Title
Axis
Axis Title
Interpretation:-
People who are aware about ICICI rural loans out of them 21% will get
knowledge from friends.
6
CHAPTTER 5
FINDINGS, SUGGESTION,
CONCLUSION, IMPLICATIONS
AND LIMITATIONS
6
Findings
1. No of people in a sample is 100 out of them 21% are between age of 25-35, 27%
are between 35-45 , 32% are between 45-55 and rest are of above age of 55.
2. Regarding the profession 34% people are doing the farming work. And after them
25% & 12% people are doing the business of dairy and poultry farming
respectively. 21% people are Govt employees and rest 8% belong to other
professions.
3. The above graph is showing the income level of people the highest no of
population 41% are earning more than 200000rs per annum.
4. After the independence still the highest no of population (32%) is taking loan from
money lenders. After them highest no loan are taken 26% from Govt banks. After
them Gramine banks come.
5. Purpose of loan is still the tractor which is taking the highest place 37%. Seeds
and dairy equipment comes after them at 24% & 16% respectively. And others
reasons stand on 23% which includes home, motorcycle, jeeps, mini vans etc.
6. 67% people do still not believe in private banks and they are not willing to take
loan from them.
7. The highest No. of people 32% are take loan for more than 5 years. After time
interval for which people took loan is 3-5 years. That is 31% of respondents. Rest
are of 23% and 14% are took loan for 2-3 and 1-2 years respectively.
8. Before taking loan people 34% people look in to brand and 25% look for
service.21% looks for interest rate and rest people look into other features.
9. People are still preferring the SBI as there main bank to take loan.
10. 83% people still not aware about ICICI rural loans.
11. People who are aware about ICICI rural loans out of them 21% will get
knowledge from friends.
12. Lack of advertisement is main causes why people are not aware about ICIC loans.
6
Conclusion
1. ICICI Bank and its Group Companies to be the providers of deposit taking and
insurance services and therefore warehouse all the attendant risks. Since as on June
30, 2012 its assets are USD 70 billion and its net worth exceeds USD 5 billion and its
rating is AAA it is in a good position to absorb these risks. As on date, ICICI Bank
has built a portfolio exceeding Rs.17, 000 crore in rural finance of which Rs.2, 800
crore is to low-income families and has a customer base exceeding 2.8 million clients.
2. Develop a relationship with a network of local institutions (both urban and rural),
which could be cooperative banks, producer cooperatives, non-bank finance
companies and not-for-profit civil society organizations to actually distribute these
services. A combination of these partner institutions, rural hub branches at a cluster
level and agents (such as tractor dealers) appointed by the bank represent the core of
its ‘No White Spaces’ strategy that aims to cover 200 districts by 2012. Under this
strategy, the bank plans to have at least one touch point (collectively referred to as
ICICI Bank Grameen Kendras which may belong to ICICI Bank or to partners) every
3-5 kilometers in rural and semi-urban areas. If the model succeeds this implies that
the number of ICICI Bank Grameen Kendras capable of offering a reasonably
complete suite of financial services would exceed 50,000 (or 1 for every 11 to 13
villages) by March 2012 and the customer base could exceed 28 million by 2012.
3. For the lending business, use the "partnership model" to build incentive
compatibility with the local institution that is delivering this specific financial service.
This design draws on the separation of functions discussion in the preceding section.
4. For deposit taking work with a variety of local institutions to provide these services
under the Business Correspondent model. Business Correspondents are agents
identified by the bank to provide basic banking services such as opening bank
accounts, collecting savings deposits offering insurance products in rural areas. ICICI
Bank takes full responsibility for its correspondent’s business conduct. The bank has
already launched this service in Orissa and Andhra Pradesh.
5. In order to facilitate better price discovery and price risk management for farmers,
ICICI Bank co-promoted the National Commodity and Derivates Exchange (NCDEX)
jointly with National Bank for Agriculture and Rural Development (NABARD), the
National Stock Exchange (NSE) and Life Insurance Corporation (LIC). NCDEX along
7
with its affiliate National Commodities Management Services Limited (NCMSL) is
attempting to improve access to price derivatives for farmers, facilitate commodity
based finance through banks, provide weather stations and improve the warehousing
infrastructure.
6. For its work in product development, ICICI Bank has combined its expertise in
financial engineering with the insights generated by its partners and allied research
institutions. To date, ICICI Bank and its group companies have designed and are
taking to scale products including the following:
8. ICICI Bank is conscious that working in rural India and with poor households is
fairly uncharted territory. It has tried to base its growth strategies on systematic results
of what works at household and local economy levels. In order to catalyze high-
quality work in this area, it works closely with research centres that systematically
research issues related to access to finance. These centres are housed within the
Institute for Financial Management and Research (IFMR) and they seek to provide
thought leadership to all institutions working in this field.
7
Suggestions
Firstly I could observe that the general level of awareness among the people regarding
ICICI RURAL FINANCE brand is low, therefore the brand should focus on
advertising both at the central as well as local Level.
We know that the products and services offered by the company are the best but more
or less similar are offered by other company as well, so promotional campaigns are
must in this era of stringent competition.
We know that in this world of intense competition everyone is trying to prove itself
best its respective field therefore we can conclude that there is always an edge of
improvement and hence the brand should work on that. Establish and coordinate
business relation with big corporate houses across the country .ICICI can improve
upon its efficiency by not changing its staff frequently. By doing this company can
continue to create, maintain and grow strong relationship with its existing customers.
Idea behind this is that staff which is already working for company is well acquainted
with the nature and wants of the existing customers.
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The Bank should recruit more number of marketing personnel so that they can
cover the whole of the city and nearest villages of Fatehpur. Personal marketing
can be one of the methods of modes of taking people into confidence.
IMPLICATIONS OF STUDY
The implication of the project during the research and study will be focused on the
following parameters:
LIMITATION OF STUDY
• Study is limited to only 100 people.
• Level of literacy among the respondents is low.
• Study is limited to Fatehpur.
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BIBLIOGRAPHY
Books:
Barley, Fundamental of investment, pearson third edition
Haugen, Morden investment theory, pearson sixth edition
Mathew,M J, Fundamental of insurance, Tmh second edition
Web sites:
www.cgap.org
www.icici.com
www.rbi.org
www.indiacore.com
www.icicibank.com
Magazines:
Business Today
Business India
Economic Times
Material provided by the company
Business World
Search Engines:
www.google.com
www.yahoo.com
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References
1. Basu, P., & Srivastava, P. (2015). Scaling up of micro-finance of India’s rural poor.
National Council of Applied EconomicResearch Paper.
https://doi.org/10.1596/1813- 9450-3646
2. Basu, P., & Srivastava, P. (2015). Exploring possibilities: Microfinance and rural
credit access for the poor in India. Economic and Political Weekly, 40(17), 1747, 1749,
1756.
3. Basu, P. (2016). Improving access to finance for India’s rural poor. World
Magazine Publications. https://doi. org/10.1596/978-0-8213-6146-7
4. Chakrabarty, T. K. (2013). Rural Income: Some evidence of effect of rural credit
during last three decades. Reserve Bank of India occasional papers.
5. Copestake, J. (2020). Microfinance and development finance in India: Research
implication. Centre Emile Bernheim: Research Insitute in Management Studies.
6. Devaraja, T. S. (2021). Rural credit in India - An overview of history and
perspectives. Working paper supported by a grant from the University Grants
Commission of India.
7. Hess, U. (2022). Innovative financial services for rural India
- Monsoon-indexed lending and insurance for smallhold- ers. Agriculture and
Rural Development Department, The World Bank.
8. Hrishikesh, T. B., & Reddy, G. R. (2014). Retrospects andprospects of agricultural
finance by commercial banks in Kurnool District of Andhra Pradesh. Journal of
Economicsand Finance, 4(1). https://doi.org/10.9790/5933-0410110
9. Jain, S., & Yadav, S. (2015). Rural credit India: A growth accelerator. Kaav
International Journal of Economics, Commerce & Business Management.
10. Jones, H., Williams, M., & Thorat, Y. (2003). Rural financialinstitutes and agents
in India: A historical and contempo- rary comparative analysis. International
Conference on Rural Finance Research.
11. Karmakar, K. G. (2018). Trends in rural finance. Indian Journal of Agricultural
Economics, 63(1).
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APPENDIX
Questionnaire
Personal Details:
Name:
Address
(a) Farming (b) Govt/ Public (c) Dairy (d) Poultry Farm e) Other
7
5) what is the purpose to take loan?
(d) others
(a) Yes(b) No
9. What do you look into, Before taking loan from a particular bank?
(d) Others
10. Have you ever taken loan from any of the following companies?
(a) SBI(b) Rural Co-operative Banks (c) Bank of baroda