MUSIC

WEEK 1
Theater

- Is a form of fine art that uses live performers to present the experience of a real or imagined
event through combinations of gesture, speech, song, music, and dance.

Theater Arts

- One of the ancient traditions of the people in Asia, particularly Japan, Indonesia, and China.
- The message in every presentation covey’s reflection of everyday life.

Japanese Theater
- Began at the end of the 16th century.
- Became the most successful entertainment in the red-light district of the great cities.
- Both nōh and kabuki are unique and genuine expressions of the Japanese spirit and culture.
- Sakura is one of the popular traditional songs of Japan.
- The key feature of Japanese theater is the vocal technique used in singing. The continuous
pattern or ipponchōshi is used in speeches building up to an explosive climax in the aragoto
(oversize, supernatural, rough hero) style, it requires an extraordinary breath control that only
few or jōruri is called nori.
- Yakuharai technique describes the subtle delivery of poetical text written in the Japanese
metrical form of alternating seven and five syllables.

Vocal Features
- Dance and movements are accompanied by shamisen music.
- The most popular shamisen music was called naugata (long song) which reached a golden age in
the first half of the 19th century as dance for the henge mono or quick change pieces.
- Naugata music is very flexible, can be performed by one shamisen or by an entire orchestra of
twenty musicians, of which ten are shamisen players, while others play flutes (fue taken from
the nō) and drums (small drum-kotsuzumi; waist drum-ōtsuzumi; stick drum-taiko).

Chinese Theater
- Considered as the highest form of art in China.
- Began in the late 18th century.
- Speech, singing, mime, and acrobatics are performed to an instrumental accompaniment.
- Peking opera is a stylized Chinese form of opera.
- Peking opera has two main styles of music, namely: erh-huang and his-p’l.
- His-p’l has a lower sound than the erh-huang.
- Styles are very similar and the only difference is the key.
- Utilize the fan-pan technique, commonly used for sorrowful songs and only sung by bearded
characters.
 - Each performance in Peking opera begins with the ta-lo and siag-lo, a small and large gong and
cymbals.
- The conductor usually sits in the center of the orchestra and creates tempo with this drum.
- The highest aim of performers is to put beauty into every motion. The highest aim of performers
is to put beauty into every motion.
- Includes conventions of movement, which are used to signal particular actions to the audience.

Indonesia Theater
- Shadow Puppet Theater is a well-known Indonesian theater.
- Wayang Kulit in Central Java I is one of the oldest continuous traditions of storytelling in the
world.
- Wayang is an Indonesian and Malay word for theater.
- Kulit means skin and refers to the leather construction of the puppets that are carefully cut into
very fine tools and supported with carefully shaped buffalo horn handles and control rods.

The Performance
- Audience is the most important person in a Wayang Kulit performance.
- Dalang prepares all the materials used like the cloth and the light for the shadow.
- Puppet on the right side signifies good character.
- Puppet on the left side signifies the bad character.
- Open space between them about two meters wide represents the stage.
- Puppeteer is called the dalang.
- Main ability of a dalang to give more life to a different character.
- Non-jointed puppets were manipulated by the chief performer.
- Wayang Kulit was performed in royal court and widely performed in public on religious occasions
so that knowledge of wayang became widespread among all classes in Java.

WEEK 2
Japanese Theater

- Kabuki is a Japanese traditional theatre art that is performed in a stylized manner which
combines acting, singing and dancing.
- The term kabuki in modern Japanese means: ka, “song”; bu, “dance”

Instruments
Membranophone:

Kotsuzumi - Small drum

Otsuzumi - Waist drum

Taiko - Stick drum

Chinese Theather

- Chinese theater was considered as the highest form of arts in China.

Instruments
Aerophone:

Ti-ts Cross flutes – usually played along with singing

Siao Recorded flutes – usually played along with singing

Sona Trumpet - announces prosperous occasions

Chordophone:

Violine like:

Hu’chin Two-stringed instruments

Bu-ch’in Two-stringed instruments

Guitar like:

Yue-ch’in - Four-stringed instrument

San-sien - Three-stringed instrument

Pi-pa - Similar to lute witrh four strings Idiophone

Talo Sialo Gongs – signify the beginning of the performance

Tan-pi-ku Kettele drum – used to create the tempo of the performance

Indonesian Theater

- Shadow puppet theater is a well-known Indonesian theater.

The Music: Gamelan

- A gamelan ensemble is comprised mainly by bronze percussion instruments augmented by other

percussion instruments, strings, and a flute.

Instruments:
Aerophone:

Suling - Flute

Chordophone:

Rebab - Two-stringed fiddle

Tjelempung - A zither of thirteen double string

Idiophone:

Saron - Xylophone of heavy bronze bars

Gender Bronze - xylophone with resonance chambers beneath

Bonang - Set of bronze bowls

Gong and kempul - Hanging gongs

Kenong and ketuk - Single inverted bronze bowl

Gambang Wooden - xylophone

Membranophone:

Kendang - Horizontal drum beat with the fingers on both ends

WEEK 3

Theater

- a form of fine art that uses live performers to present the experience of a real or imagined event
through combinations of gesture, speech, song, music, and dance.

Kabuki (Japan)

- Kabuki is a Japanese traditional theater art that is performed in a stylized manner which
combines acting, singing and dancing.
- The term kabuki in modern Japanese means: ka, “song”; bu, “dance”; and ki, “skill”.
- Kabuki was founded in 1603 by Okuni, a Shinto priestess.

Peking Opera (China)

- Peking opera also known as the Beijing opera still follows traditional Chinese arts in stressing
meaning, rather than precise actions.
- The opera artists’ goal is to make every performance exceptionally beautiful in every movement
they will make.

Wayang Kulit (Indonesia)

- Wayang is an Indonesian Malay word for theater.

- Kulit means skin and refers to the leather construction of the puppets that are carefully cut into
a very fine tools and supported with carefully shaped buffalo horn handles and control rods.
- The audience is the most important person in a Wayang Kulit performance.
- The dalang prepares all the materials used like the cloth and the light for the shadow.
- The puppet on the right side signifies the good character, on the left-hand side the bad.
- Wayang Kulit was performed in royal court and widely performed in public on religious occasions
so that knowledge of wayang became widespread among all classes in Java.
WEEK 4
Improvise

- producing or making something from whatever is available.

Flute
Materials needed:

• 1 buho (length – 16 inches)

• Drill machine/Hot metal surface

• Saw

• Sand paper

• Stopper

Steps:

1. Prepare the materials needed.

2. Cut the buho in 16 inches long.

3. Measure the buho 3 inches from the edge and 2 inches on the other side, put a mark.

4. From the 2 inches mark, make a space 1 inch apart and make 6 pieces of it, then marked it.

5. Put a hole using a drilling machine/hot metal surface with a circumference of 1 centimeter in the
marker that we have made.

6. Use a sand paper to polish the whole flute.

7. Put a stopper on the blowing hole.

8. Your improvised flute is FINISHED.

Improvise Xylophone (Gambang)

Materials:

• 10 pieces bamboo sticks (10 inches – length, 1.5 inches - width)

• 2 pieces bamboo sticks (1.5 inches by 20 inches)

• Drilling machine

• sand paper

• 20 barbeque sticks (nail size and type)

Steps:

1. Get all your materials ready. You can sand the edges of the bamboo and the sticks to avoid abrasion.
2. Align the 2 bamboo sticks (1.5 inches by 20 inches) parallel to each other with a distance of 4
centimeters.

3. At the top of the 2 bamboo sticks, place the 10-bamboo stick (1.5 inches by 10 inches) parallel to each
other and perpendicular to the 2 bamboo sticks.

4. Attached the 10 bamboo sticks into the 2 bamboo sticks (1.5 inches by 20 inches) long by inserting
barbeque sticks in the holes which serve as nails.

5. Make a stand of your xylophone (Gambang) then sand it for the final retouch.

6. Your improvised xylophone (Gambang) is FINISHED!

WEEK 5 - 6

Theatre

- collaborative art form which combines words, voice, movement and visual element to express
meaning.

Opera

- art form in which singers and musicians perform dramatic work combining text and musical
score.

KABUKI (JAPAN)

- Kabuki is a Japanese traditional theater art that is performed in a stylized manner which
combines acting, singing and dancing.
- The term kabuki in modern Japanese means: ka, “song”; bu, “dance”; and ki, “skill”.
- Kabuki was founded in 1603 by Okuni, a Shinto priestess.

PEKING OPERA (CHINA)

- Peking opera also known as the Beijing opera still follows traditional Chinese arts in stressing
meaning, rather than precise actions.
- The opera artists’ goal is to make every performance exceptionally beautiful in every movement
they will make.

WAYANG KULIT (INDONESIA)

- Wayang is an Indonesian Malay word for theater.

- Kulit means skin and refers to the leather construction of the puppets that are carefully cut into
a very fine tools and supported with carefully shaped buffalo horn handles and control rods.
- The audience is the most important person in a Wayang Kulit performance.
- The dalang prepares all the materials used like the cloth and the light for the shadow.
- The puppet on the right side signifies the good character, on the left-hand side the bad.
- Wayang Kulit was performed in royal court and widely performed in public on religious occasions
so that knowledge of wayang became widespread among all classes in Java.
WEEK 7 – 8
Festival Celebration

- series of events and performances in commemoration of a person, religious events, history and
stories.

Gamelan Ensemble

- background accompaniment in every performance of Wayang Kulit.

Theater arts are one of the ancient traditions of the people in Asia, particularly Japan, Indonesia, and
China.

Kabuki

- Japanese traditional theater art that is performed in a stylized manner that combines acting,
singing, and dancing.
- This rich blend of music, mime, dance, costume, and props has been in existence for almost four
centuries. It is a high form of play in that actors show their wide range of skills in visual and vocal
performances.
- One of the key features of Japanese theatre is the vocal technique used in singing.

Peking Opera

- Also known as the Beijing opera still follows traditional arts stressing meaning rather than
precise actions.
- Chinese form of opera dating from the late century in which speech, singing, mime, and
acrobatics are performed to an instrumental accompaniment.
- The opera artist’s goal is to make every performance exceptionally beautiful in every movement
they will make.
- The performer’s vocal techniques as well as rhythm and melodies vary depending on his or her
thoughts and feelings adhering to basic, strict conventions that are based on real life experiences
presented in an artistic and symbolic manner.

Wayang Kulit

- Traditional form of puppet-shadow play originally found in the cultures of Java and Bali
Indonesia.
- The dalang sings the mood songs (suluk) at regular intervals during performance.
- Suluk are never accompanied the singer, never more than three or four. Often a single
instrument accompanies the singer, never more than three or four.
- The major dramatic function of gamelan music is to accompany stage action. Entrances, exits
and fight scenes are executed in time to gamelan music.
ARTS
WEEK 2
Festival

- Time of celebration marked by special observances.

Fiesta

- Specifically, a saint’s day celebrated in Spain, Latin America, and the Philippines with processions
and dances.