Chapter-1

Fluid Properties
Q1. The velocity of sound .

(a) Is a thermodynamic state variable

(b) Is constant for a particular fluid

(c) Depends on the velocity field for the flow

(d) Depends on whether the flow is laminar or turbulent

Q2. The non-dimensional number obtained from specific heat (cp), thermal conductivity (k) and
viscosity (μ) is

(a) kcp /μ

(b) kμ /cp

(c) kμ/cp

(d) μ𝑐𝑝 /k

Q3. For a two-dimensional turbulent boundary layer, the wall shear stress can be expresses as

where u is the velocity parallel to the wall and y is the coordinate perpendicular to the wall. In the
expression, μ denotes

(a) the molecular viscosity of the fluid

(b) the turbulent eddy viscosity

(c) an effective viscosity which is greater than the molecular viscosity

(d) an effective viscosity that is less than the molecular viscosity

Q4. It is given that a solid sphere and a hollow cube have the same outer surface area. The ratio of
buoyancy force on the sphere to that on the cube, when they are fully submerged in a liquid, is given by

2
(a) π

4
(b) π

6
(c) π

8
(d)
π
Q5. Match the items in the following columns using the most appreciate combination

dp
P. dz =
−pg 1. Volume flow rate
RT

2. Variable density
Q. Lift
atmosphere
R. Stream function
3. Mach number
S. Compressibility
4. Circulation

(a) P-3, Q-4, R-1, S-5 5. Reynolds Number

(b) P-1, Q-2, R-4, S-3

(c) P-4, Q-5, R-2, S-3

(d) P-2, Q-4, R-1, S-3

Q6. Logs of the following cross-section are fully submerged horizontally in water

The buoyancy force passes through the point ‘O’ for which of the following cross-sections?

(a) Solid cylinder only

(b) Solid cylinder and hollow cylinder only

(c) All the cross sections except hollow square

(d) All the cross-sections

Q7. A cubical block of melting ice (20 cm X 20 cm X 20 cm) rests on a smooth horizontal floor over a
layer of water of 0.1 mm thickness. To pull the block at a speed of 1 m/s a force of 1 N is required.
What is the force required to pull the block at a speed of 2 m/s?

(a) 0.5 N

(b) 1 N

(c) 2 N

(d) 4 N
Q8. Find the vertical hydrostatic force, fz , on the surface P-Q due to the water in the tank. Note, fz is
the force per unit width along y. The surface P-Q is shaped like a quarter-cylinder of radius R. The
atmospheric pressure is P0 .
π 2
(a) ρw g(R2 + 4
R )

π 2
(b) Po R + ρw g(R2 + 4
R )

π
(c) ρw g( 4 R2 )

π
(d) Po R + ρw g( 4 R2 )

Q6. A log is fully submerged horizontally in water. Consider four different orientations (cross-
sections shown below) such that point ‘O’ lies at the same depth.

Which orientation(s) will give the maximum moment about point O?

(a) P

(b) Q

(c) R

(d) S

Q10. A 40 cm cubical block slides on oil (viscosity = 0.80 Pa.s), over a large plane horizontal surface.
If the oil film between the block and the surface has a uniform thickness of 0.4 mm, what will be the
force required to drag the block at 4 m/s ? Ignore the end effects and treat the flow as two
dimensional.

(a) 1280 N

(b) 1640 N

(c) 1920 N

(d) 2560 N
Q11. For a floating body G, B and M represent the centre of gravity, centre of buoyancy, and the
metacentre, respectively. The body will be stable if

(a) G is located above B

(b) B is located above M

(c) M is located above B

(d) M is located above G

Q12. In the manometer shown in the figure, the pressure PA of the gas inside bulb A is approximately,

(a) 0.8 bar

(b) 1.2 bar

(c) 1.4 bar

(d) 1.6 bar

Q13. A cylindrical container is filled with a liquid up to half of its height. The container is mounted on
the centre of a turn-table and is held fixed using a spindle. The turn-table is now rotated about its
central axis with a certain angular velocity. After some time interval, the fluid attains rigid body
rotation. Which of the following profiles best represents the constant pressure surfaces in the
container?

Q14. The Rheological diagram depicting the relation between shear stress and strain rate for different
types of fluids is shown in the figure below.

The most suitable relation for flow of tooth paste being squeezed out of the tube is given by the curve

(a) P

(b) Q

(c) R

(d) S
Q15. A differential U-tube manometer with mercury as the manometric fluid is used to measure the
pressure difference between two sections P and Q in a horizontal pipe carrying water at steady state as
shown in the figure below. If the difference in mercury levels in the two limbs of the manometer is 0.75
m, the difference in pressure (kPa) between sections P and Q is

(a) 49.275

(b) 94.275

(c) 9.4275

(d) 492.75

Q16. Two walls are holding back water as shown in the figure below. The resisting moments as per unit
length of the walls at points P and Q are MP and MQ. Denoting the specific weight of water as γ the
difference in the moments (MQ – MP ) is

3γh3
(a) 2

2γh3
(b)
3

γh3
(c)
18

γh3
(d) 2

Q17. Two tanks, A and B, with the same height are filled with water till the top. The volume of tank A is
10 times the volume of tank B. What can you say about the pressures pA and pB at the bottom of the
tanks A and B respectively ?

(a) pA = 10pB

(b) pB = 10 pA
(c) pA = pB
(d) Additional data is required to compare the two pressures

Q18. Consider an L-shaped gate with water level above the hinge as shown. At approximately what
height D of the water level will the gate open? Neglect the mass of the gate. Assume g = 10 m/s².

(a) 3.46 m

(b) 4.36 m

(c) 6.43 m

(d) 5.36 m
Q19. A U-tube mercury (Hg) manometer as shown below is employed to measure the pressure
of an oil-filled vessel. The densities of Hg and oil are 13600 kg/m3 and 800 kg/m3 , respectively.
The gravitational acceleration may be taken as 10 m/s2. The gauge pressure (in Pa) at point A
when h1 = 0.5 m and h2 = 0.9 m, is approximately

(a) 118.4 x 103

(b) 118.4

(c) 11.84

(d) 1.184

Q20. A vessel containing water (density 1000 kg/m3) and oil (density 800 kg/m3), pressurized
by gas, is shown in the figure below. Assume that the gravitational acceleration is 10 m/s2.
Q20 (a). The pressure (in bar) exerted on the bottom wall inside the vessel is approximately

(a) 0.238

(b) 2.38

(c) 23.8

(d) 238

Q20 (b). The gate is 1 m wide perpendicular to the plane of the paper. The force (in N) exerted on
the gate is approximately

(a) 2.23 x 103

(b) 2.23 x 104

(c) 2.23 x 105

(d) 2.23 x 106

Q21. The gauge pressure inside a soap bubble of radius R, with denoting the surface tension
between the soap solution and air, is
σ
(a)
2πR

4σ
(b) R

2σ
(c)
R

σ
(d) 4πR

Q22. Let M, B and G represent respectively the metacenter, centre of buoyancy and the centre of
mass of a floating buoy. Which of the following statements is correct?

(a) M is above G; Buoy unstable

(b) B is above G; Buoy stable

(c) M is above G; Buoy stable

(d) B is above G; Buoy unstable

Q23. A U-tube of a very small bore, with its limbs in a vertical plane and filled with a liquid of density
ρ, up to a height of h, is rotated about a vertical axis, with an angular velocity of ω, as shown in the
figure. The radius of each limb from the axis of rotation is R. Let 𝑝𝑎 be the atmospheric pressure and
g, the gravitational acceleration. The angular velocity at which the pressure at the point O becomes
half of the atmospheric pressure is given by

pa +2ρgh
(a) ρR2

pa +2ρgh
(b) ρR2

pa +2ρgh
(c)
ρR2

pa +2ρgh
(d) ρR2

Q24. A dam with a curved shape is shown in the figure. The cross-sectional area of the dam(shaded
portion) is 100 m2 and its centroid is at xത = 10 m. The vertical component of the hydraulic force, Fz,
is acting at a distance xp. The value of xp is ________________ m.
Q25. A container of square cross-section is partially filled with a liquid density 𝜌1 . The cylinder is
intended to float in another liquid of density 𝜌2 as shown in the figure. The distance between
metacentre and center of buoyancy is I/V , where I and V are area moment of inertia of the cross-
section and submerged volume, respectively. Neglect the weight of the container.

Which of the following is the correct condition for stability?

ρ2 b h ρ
(a) 6ρ1 h
− b
1 − ρ1 > 0
2

ρ2 b h ρ
(b) 6ρ1 h
− b
1 + ρ1 > 0
2

ρ2 b h ρ
(c) 6ρ1 h
+ b
1 − ρ1 > 0
2

ρ2 b h ρ1
(d) 6ρ1 h
+ b
1+ ρ2
>0

Q26. The gap δ between two concentric cylinders, each of height h, is filled with an oil. The torque
required to rotate the inner cylinder at an angular velocity of ω against the fixed outer cylinder is The
diameter of the inner cylinder is d and δ<<d. The dynamic viscosity of the oil is given by

4πδT
(a) d3 ωh

4δT
(b)
πd3 ωh

4πδT
(c) d3 ωh2

4δT
(d) πd3 ωh3

27. Water is retained against a sluice gate in the form of a circular segment as shown in the figure. If ρ
and g are the density of water and gravitational acceleration respectively, the upward force exerted by
the gate on the water per unit depth perpendicular to the plane of the figure is

1
(a) ρR2 θ − 2
sin 2θ g

1
(b) ρR2 cos 2 θ − sin 2θ g
2

1
(c) ρR2 cos θ − sin θ g
2

1
(d) ρR2 cos 2 θ − 2
sin2 θ g
28. An open glass capillary tube of 2 mm bore is lowered into a cistern containing mercury (density =
13600 kg/m3) as shown in the figure. Given that the contact angle between mercury and glass = 140°,
surface tension coefficient = 0.484 N/m and gravitational acceleration = 9.81 m/s 2 , the depression of
mercury in the capillary tube below the free surface in the cistern, in mm, is _____________ .

29. Consider a combined forced-free vortex. The central region with radius R and angular velocity 𝜔 is
the forced vortex and the rest is the free vortex. The pressure at the edge of the combined vortex is p0.
If the density of the fluid is ρ. the pressure at the center of the combined vortex is

(a) po − ρω2 R2
1
(b) po − ρω2 R2
2

1
(c) po + 2 ρω2 R2

(d) po + ρω2 R2

30. A rectangular boat 6 m wide and 15 m long (dimension perpendicular to the plane of the figure)
has a draught of 2 m. The side view of the boat is as shown in the figure The center of gravity G of the
boat is at the free surface level. The metacentric height of the boat in m is

(a) - 1.0

(b) 0.5

(c) 1.5

(d) 2.0

31. In the parallel-plate configuration shown, steady-flow of an incompressible Newtonian fluid is

established by moving the top plate with a constant speed, Uo = 1m/s. If the force required on the top
plate to support this motion is 0.5 N per unit area (in m2) of the plate then the viscosity of the fluid
between the plates is ____________ N-s/m2.

32. A semi-circular gate of radius 1 m is placed at the bottom of a water reservoir as shown in figure
below. The hydrostatic force per unit width of the cylindrical gate in y-direction is ___________ kN. The
gravitational acceleration, g =9.8 m/s2 and density of water = 1000 kg/m³.
33. A block is floating at the oil-water interface as shown. The density of oil is two-thirds of that of
water. Given that the density of the block is 800 kg/m3 and that of water is 1000k /m^ prime . the
fraction of the total height of block in oil is _____________ .

34. A two dimensional fluid element rotates like a rigid body. At a point within the element, the
pressure is 1 unit. Radius of the Mohr's circle, characterizing the state of stress at that point, is

(a) 0.5 unit

(b) 0 unit

(c) 1 unit

(d) 2 units

35. For the stability of a floating body, under the influence of gravity alone, which of the following is
TRUE?

(a) Metacentre should be below centre of gravity.

(b) Metacentre should be above centre of gravity.

(c) Metacentre and centre of gravity must lie on the same horizontal line.

(d) Metacentre and centre of gravity must lie on the same vertical line.

36. A hinged gate of length 5 m. inclined at 30° with the horizontal and with water mass on its left, is
shown in the figure below. Density of water is 1000 kg/m3. The minimum mass of the gate in kg per
unit width (perpendicular to the plane of the paper), required to keep it closed is

(a) 5000

(b) 6600

(c) 7546

(d) 9623
37. For a completely submerged body with centre of gravity G and centre of buoyancy condition of
stability will be

(a) G is located below B

(b) G is located above B

(c) G and B are coincident

(d) Independent of the locations of G and B

38. The difference in pressure (in N/m2) across an air bubble of diameter 0.001 m immersed in water
(surface tension = 0.072 N/m) is __________________ .

39. An inverted U-tube manometer is used to measure the pressure difference between two pipes A and
B, as shown in the figure. Pipe A is carrying oil (specific gravity = 0.8) and pipe B is carrying water. The
densities of air and water are 1.16 kg/m³ and 1000 kg/m3, respectively. The pressure difference
between pipes A and B is ____________________ kPa.
Acceleration due to gravity g = 10 m/s2.

40. The large vessel shown in the figure contains oil and water. A body is submerged at the interface of
oil and water such that 45 percent of its volume is in oil while the rest is in water. The density of the
body is ______________ kg/m3.

The specific gravity of oil is 0.7 and the density of water is 1000 kg/m3.

Acceleration due to gravity g = 10 m/s2.

41. For a body completely submerged in a fluid, the centre of gravity (G) and centre of Buoyancy (0)
are known. The body is considered to be in stable equilibrium if

(a) O does not coincide with the centre of mass of the displaced fluid

(b) G coincides with the centre of mass of the displaced fluid

(c) O lies below G

(d) O lies above G

42. Three rigid buckets, shown as in the figures (1), (2) and (3), are of identical heights and base areas.
Further, assume that each of these buckets have negligible mass and are full of water. The weights of
water in these buckets are denoted as W1, W2, and W3 respectively. Also, let the force of water on the
base of the bucket be denoted as F1 F2 and F3 respectively. The option giving an accurate description of
the system physics is

(a) W2 = W1 = W3 and F2 > F1 > F3

(b) W2 > W1 > W3 and F2 > F1 > F3

(c) W2 = W1 = W3 and F1 = F2 = F3

(d) W2 > W1 > W3 and F1 = F2 = F3

43. A sector gate is provided on a spillway as shown in the figure. Assuming g = 10 m/s2, the resultant
force per meter length (expressed in kN/m) on the gate will be _________________.

44. Consider a soap bubble of diameter D. If the external pressure is Po and the surface tension of the
soap film is σ, the expression for the pressure inside the bubble is

(a) Po

2σ
(b) Po + D

4σ
(c) Po + D

8σ
(d) Po + D
45. Three containers are filled with water up to the same height as shown. The pressures at the
bottom of the containers are denoted as P1 , P2 and P3 . Which ONE of the following relationships is
true?

(a) P3 > P1 > P2

(b) P2 > P1 > P3

(c) P1 > P2 = P3

(d) P1 = P2 = P3

46. A hydrometer, with stem cross-sectional area of 2.82 x 105 m2 is immersed in a very large vessel
containing water as shown in the figure. The immersed volume is 15 x 10-4 m3 and the length of the
stem above water surface is Lw. If the entire volume of water is replaced by a liquid with specific
gravity 1.5 and if the length of the stem above the liquid surface is Lf then the difference, Lf – Lw is

(a) - 177 mm

(b) 177 mm

(c) - 266 mm

(d) 266 mm

47. An open tank contains two immiscible liquids of densities (800 kg/m3 and 1000 kg/m3) as shown
in the figure. If g = 10 m/s2, under static conditions, the gauge pressure at the bottom of the tank in Pa
is _______________ .

48. The apparent viscosity of a fluid is given by

𝑑𝑉 0.3 𝑑𝑉
0.007 where is the velocity gradient. The fluid is
𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑦

(a) Bingham plastic

(b) Dilatant

(c) Pseudoplastic

(d) Thixotropic
49. Which of the following statements are CORRECT?

P. For a rheopectic fluid, the apparent viscosity increases with time under a constant applied shear
stress

Q. For a pseudoplastic fluid, the apparent viscosity decreases with time under a constant applied
shear stress

R. For a Bingham plastic, the apparent viscosity increases exponentially with the deformation rate

S. For a dilatant fluid, the apparent viscosity increases with increasing deformation rate

(a) P and Q only

(b) Q and R only

(c) R and S only

(d) P and S only

50. A vertical cylindrical vessel has a layer of kerosene (of density 800 kg/m3) over a layer of water
(of density 1000 kgm3) L-shaped glass tubes are connected to the column 30 cm apart. The interface
between the two layers lies between the two points at which the L-tubes are connected. The levels
(m cm) to which the liquids rise in the respective tubes are shown in the figure below.

The distance (r in cm. rounded off to the first decimal place) of the interface from the point at which
the lower L-tube is connected is ______________ .

51. A cylindrical tank is filled with water as shown in the Figure below. The force required to close
the discharge tube at the bottom of the tank is

(a) 18.5 N

(b) 37 N

(c) 45.5 N

(d) 74 N
52. A 2m X 2m square opening in a vertical wall is covered with a metallic plate of the same dimensions
as shown in the figure below. Consider the acceleration due to gravity to be 10.0 m/s2 . The force (in kN)
exerted by water on the plate is ____________.

53. Consider a frictionless, massless and leak-proof plug blocking a rectangular hole of dimensions 2R x
L at the bottom of an open tank as shown in the figure. The bead of the plug has the shape of a semi-
cylinder of radius R. The tank is filled with a liquid of density ρ up to the tip of the plug. The gravitational
acceleration is g. Neglect the effect of the atmospheric pressure.

The force F required to hold the plug in its position is

π
(a) 2ρR2 gL 1 − 4

π
(b) 2ρR2 gL 1 + 4

(c) πρR2 gL
π
(d) 2
ρR2 gL

54. A lightly loaded full journal bearing has journal diameter of 50 mm, bush bore of 50.05 mm and bush
length of 20 mm. If rotational speed of journal is 1200 rpm and average viscosity of liquid lubricant is
0.03 Pa.s, the power loss (in W) will be

(a) 37

(b) 74

(c) 118

(d) 237

55. In a simple concentric shaft-bearing arrangement, the lubricant flows in the 2 mm gap between the
shaft and the bearing. The flow may be assumed to be a plane Couette flow with zero pressure gradient.
The diameter of the shaft is 100 mm and its tangential speed is 10 m/s The dynamic viscosity of the
lubricant is 0.1 kg/m-s. The frictional resisting force (in newton) per 100 mm length of the bearing is
______________.
56. Which of the following statements are TRUE, when the cavitation parameter 𝜎 =0?
(i) the local pressure is reduced to vapour pressure
(ii) cavitation starts
(iii) boiling of liquid starts
(iv) cavitation stops
(a) (i), (ii) and (iv)

(b) only (ii) and (iii)

(c) only (i) and (iii)

(d) (i), (ii) and (iii)

57. A journal bearing has a shaft diameter of 40 mm and a length of 40 mm. The shaft is rotating at
20 rad/s and the viscosity of the lubricant is 20 mPas. The clearance is 0.020 mm. The loss of torque
due to the viscosity of the lubricant is approximately

(a) 0.040 Nm

(b) 0.252 Nm

(c) 0.400 Nm

(d) 0.652 Nm

58. The figure shows a U-tube having a 5 mm x 5 mm square cross-section filled with mercury
(specific gravity-13.6) up to a height of 20 cm in each limbs (open to the atmosphere).

If 5 cm3 of water is added to the right lands, the new height (in cm up to two decimal places) of
mercury in the LEFT limb will be ___________

59. For the stability of a floating body the

(a) centre of buoyancy must coincide with the centre of gravity

(b) centre of buoyancy must be above the centre of gravity

(c) centre of gravity must be above the centre of buoyancy

(d) metacentre must be above the centre of gravity

60. For a floating vessel, match the CORRECT pairs from Group 1 and Group 2 among the options given
below. (B = centre of buoyancy; G = centre of gravity and M = Metacentre)

Group 1 Group 2
P. M is above G I. Stable equilibrium

Q. M is below G II. Critically stable condition

R. M is coinciding with G III. Unstable condition

S. B is below G
(a) P-II, Q-III, R-I and S-II

(b) P-I, Q-III, R-II and S-I

(c) P-III, Q-I, R-II and S-III

(d) P-I, Q-II, R-III and S-I

61. The figure below shows the pressure measured in a well at different depths. AB is gas cap. B is gas
oil contact and C is water-oil contact. Density of gas in gas cap is 2 kg/m³, oil density is 800 kg/m3 and
water density is 1000 kg/m³. The difference between pressure at point D and point B (PD - PB)_______ is
x105 N-m (use g = 9.81 m/s2, write answer with one decimal place).

62. A manometer is used for the pressure measurement in a closed tank. The three fluids f1, f2 and f3
have specific weights γ, 2γ and 0.5γ respectively. The schematic arrangement with manometric
readings and other dimensions are shown in the Figure. In order to ensure zero gauge pressure in the
tank at the mid-height level (h/2), the height of the tank (in m) is _______________.
63. The viscosity - shear rate curve for a fluid is shown in the following plot. Which one of the
following options best describes the behavior of the fluid in the regions I. II. and III,
respectively?

(a) Newtonian, Shear thinning. Shear thickening

(b) Shear thinning. Newtonian. Shear thickening

(c) Shear thickening. Newtonian, Shear thinning

(d) Shear thinning. Shear thickening. Newtonian

64. In a 5 m deep vertical cylindrical tank, water is filled up to a level of 3 m from the bottom
and the remaining space is filled with oil of specific gravity 0.88. Assume density of water as
1000 kg/m³ and acceleration due to gravity to be 10 m/s2. The gauge pressure (in kN/m²,
rounded off to the first decimal place) at a depth of 2.5 m from the top of the tank will be
________________.

65. Two infinite parallel horizontal plates are separated by a small gap (d = 20 mm) as shown
in figure. The bottom plate is fixed and the gap between the plates is filled with oil having a
density of 890 kg/m3 and kinematic viscosity of 0.00033 m2/s. A shear flow is induced by
moving the upper plate with a velocity of 5 m/s. Assume, the linear velocity profile between
the plates and the oil to be a Newtonian fluid. The shear stress (N/m) at the upper plate is
______________.

66. A spherical balloon of diameter 15 m is supposed to lift a load of 3000 N. The lifting of load
is achieved by heating the air inside the balloon. Assume, air to be an ideal gas and
atmospheric pressure either outside or inside the balloon. The value of acceleration due to
gravity is 9.81 m/s2 and the values of temperature and density of atmospheric air are 15°C and
1.2 kg/m3, respectively. In order to lift the specified load, the air inside the balloon should be
heated to a temperature (°C) of ____________ .
67. Which one of the following plots relating shear stress with strain rate represents Newtonian
behavior of a fluid?

(a) P

(b) Q

(c) R

(d) S
68. Isothermal compressibility of a material is given by

1 𝜕V
(a) −
p 𝜕p T

1 𝜕V
(b)
p 𝜕p T

1 𝜕V
(c) −
V 𝜕p T

1 𝜕V
(d) V 𝜕p T

69. A fluid is flowing with a velocity of 0.5 m/s on a plate moving with a velocity of 0.01 m/s in the
same direction. The velocity at the interface of the fluid and plate is

(a) 0.0 m/s

(b) 0.01 m/s

(c) 0.255 m/s

(d) 0.50 m/s

70. A liquid drop (β) is on a substrate (δ) and is surrounded by air (α), as shown below. The angle
of contact (θ) is determined using the following expression:

γαδ − γβδ
(a) θ = cos −1 γαβ

γαδ − γαβ
(b) θ = cos −1 γα𝛽

γαδ − γβδ
(c) θ = cos −1 γαδ

γαδ − γβδ
(d) θ = cos −1 γβδ
71. The figure below shows water over mercury manometer.
If the density of water is denoted by ρw and that of mercury by and ‘g’ denotes the
acceleration due to gravity, the pressure difference (PA − PB ) will be equal to

(a) – (ρM gH)

(b) (ρw − ρM )gH

(c) ρM gH

(d) (ρM − ρw )gH

72. Consider a cubical tank of side 2 m with its top open. It is filled with water up to a height of 1 m.
Assuming the density of water to be 1000 kg/m3 gas 951 m/s2 and the atmospheric pressure to be
100 kPa, the net hydrostatic force (in KN) on the side face of the tank due to the air and water is
___________ (accurate to two decimal places)

73. At a shear rate of 10 s-1, the apparent viscosity of a non-Newtonian liquid was found to be 1Pa s.
At a dear rate of 100 s-1, the apparent viscosity of the same liquid was found to be 0.5 Pa s. If the
liquid follows power law behavior, the apparent viscosity (in Pa s) at a shear stress of 10 Nm-2 is
______________ (rounded off to two decimal places)

74. A cylindrical wooden block of length 50 cm is floating in water in such a way that its axis is
vertical. The densities of wood and water are 800 kg/m3 and 1000 kg/m3 respectively. The
submerged depth, i.e, depth of immersion (in cm) of the cylinder is ________________.

75. A closed tank contains 0.5 m thick layer of mercury (specific gravity = 13.6) at the bottom. A 2.0
m thick layer of water lies above the mercury layer. A 3.0 m thick layer of oil (specific gravity = 0.6)
lies above the water layer. The space above the oil layer contains air under pressure. The gauge
pressure at the bottom of the tank is 196.2 kN/m2. The density of water is 1000 kg/m3 and the
acceleration due to gravity is 9.81 m/s2. The value of pressure in the air space is

(a) 92.214 kN/m2

(b) 95.644 kN/m2

(c) 98.922 kN/m2

(d) 99.321 kN/m2

76. A three-fluid system (immiscible) is connected to a vacuum pump. The specific gravity values of
the fluids (S1,S2) are given in the figure.

The gauge pressure value (in kN/m2, up to two decimal places) of p1 is ____________.
77. A solid block of 2.0 kg mass slides steadily at a velocity V along a vertical wall as shown in the
figure below. A thin oil film of thickness h = 0.15 mm provides lubrication between the block and the
wall. The surface area of the face of the block in contact with the oil film is 0.04 m2. The velocity
distribution within the oil film gap is linear as shown in the figure. Take dynamic viscosity of oil as 7 x
10-3 Pa-s and acceleration due to gravity as 10m/s2. Neglect weight of the oil. The terminal velocity V
(in m/s) of the block is ______________ (correct to one decimal place).

78. Rheological diagram of different types of fluids is shown in figure. Column I represents the nature
of the fluid and column II represents the curve showing the variations of shear stress against shear
strain rate.

(a) (i)-O; (ii)-N; (iii)-P; (iv)-M

(b) (i)-O; (ii)-P; (iii)-N; (iv)-M

(c) (i)-P; (ii)-O; (iii)-M; (iv)-N

(d) (i)-P; (ii)-O; (iii)-N; (iv)-M

79. A parallelepiped of (2 m x 2 m) square cross-section and 10 m in length, is partially floating in
water up to a depth of 1.2 m, with its longest side being horizontal. The specific gravity of the block is

(a) 0.8

(b) 0.6

(c) 0.5

(d) 0.4

80. Group I contains the types of fluids while Group II contains the shear stress – rate of shear
relationship of different types of fluids, as shown in the figure.

Group I Group II
P. Newtonian fluid 1. Curve 1

Q. Pseudo plastic fluid 2. Curve 2

R. Plastic fluid 3. Curve 3

S. Dilatant fluid 4. Curve 4

5. Curve 4
The correct match between Group I and Group II is

(a) P-2, Q-4, R-1, S-5

(b) P-2, Q-5, R-4, S-1

(c) P-2, Q-4, R-5, S-3

(d) P-2, Q-1, R-3, S-4

81. A 150 mm diameter shaft rotates at 1500 rpm within a 200 mm long journal bearing with 150.5
mm internal diameter. The uniform annular space between the shaft and the bearing is filled with oil
of dynamic viscosity 0.8 poise. The shear stress on the shaft will be

(a) 1.77 kN/m2

(b) 2.77 kN/m2

(c) 3.77 kN/m2

(d) 4.77 kN/m2

82. What is the capillary rise in a narrow two-dimensional slit of width ‘w’?

(a) Half of that in a capillary tube of diameter ‘w’

(b) Two-third of that in a capillary tube of diameter ‘w’

(c) One-third of that in a capillary tube of diameter ‘w’

(d) One-fourth of that in a capillary tube of diameter ‘w’

83. In an experiment to determine the rheological behaviour of a material, the observed relation
du du 0.5
between shear stress, τ and rate of shear strain, dy is τ = τo + C dy
Which of the following represents variation of dynamic viscosity of fluid with rate of shear strain?

D) Can’t Predict

84. A thin plane laminar of area A and weight W slides down a fixed plane inclined to the vertical angle
at an angle α and maintains a uniform gap ε from the surface of the plane, the gap being filled with oil
of viscosity . The terminal velocity of the plane is
ε cos α
(a)
μWA

εμW
(b)
A sin α

εW cos α
(c)
μA

μW sin α
(d)
εA

85. A 2 cm wide gap between two vertical plane surfaces is filled with an oil specific gravity 0.85 and
dynamic viscosity 2.5 Ns/m2. A metal plate 1.25 cm x 1.25 m x 0.2 cm thick and weighing 30 N is
placed midway in the gap. Find the force required if the plate is to be lifted up with a constant velocity
of 0.12 m/s.
86. A spherical water drop of 1 mm in diameter splits up in air into 64 smaller drops of equal
sizes. The surface tension coefficients of water air interface is 0.073 N/m. The work required
in splitting up the drop is

(a) 0.96 x 10-6 J

(b) 0.69 x 10-6 J

(c) 0.32 x 10-6 J

(d) 0.23 x 10-6 J

87. The velocity distribution over a flat plate is given by

3
u = y – y2
4
The shear stress at a location 0.3 m above the plate is k times the shear stress at a location
0.2 m above the plate. The value of k is

(a) 3/2

(b) 9/4

(c) 3/7

(d) 7/3

88. A dashpot 10 cm diameter and 12.5 cm long slides vertically down in a 10.05 cm
diameter cylinder. The oil filling the annular space has a viscosity of 0.80 poise. Find the
speed with which the piston slides down if load on the piston is 10 N.

89. Develop a formula for capillary rise of a fluid having surface tension σ and contact angle θ
between two concentric glass tubes of radii ro and ri .

2σ sin θ
(a)
w(ro − ri )
2σ cos θ
(b)
w(ro − ri )
2σ cos θ
(c)
w(ro + ri )
4σ cos θ
(d)
w(ro − ri )
90. In an experiment, the following shear stress-time rate of shear stress values are obtained
for a fluid.

Time rate of shear 0 2 3 4

strain (1/s)
Shear stress (kPa) 0 1.4 2.6 4

(a) Newtonian fluid

(b) Bingham plastic

(c) Pseudo plastic

(d) Dilatant

91. A block of mass M kg tried to another block of m kg hangs vertically as shown in the
figure.

Find the terminal velocity of the block.

mg h
(a)
μA

Mg h
(b)
μA

μA
(c)
mg h

μA
(d)
MgH
92. A circular disk of radius R is kept at a small height h above a fixed bed by means of a layer
of oil of dynamic viscosity μ. If the disk is rotated at an angular velocity ω, obtain an
expression for the viscous torque on the disk. Assume linear variation of velocity within the
film.

1 πμω
(a) R4
2 h

1 πμω
(b) R4
4 h

πμω
(c) 2 R4
h

πμω
(d) 4 R4
h

93. A pressure vessel initially empty has an internal volume of 0.5 m³. It is desired to test the
vessel at 300 bar by pumping water into it. The estimated increase in volume of container
during the test is 6%. How much water (in kg) is required to be pumped? Consider the bulk
modulus of elasticity for water to be 2 GPa.

94. The loss of head due to sudden expansion of a pipe is given by

V21 −V22
(a) hL = 2g

0.5∗ V21
(b) hL = 2g

V1 −V2 2
(c) hL = 2g

0.5∗ V21
(d) hL = V22

95. Line joining the heads indicated by the manometers connected at inlet & throat section of
venturi meter indicates.

(a) Hydraulic Grade line. [HGL]

(b) Total energy line [TEL]

(c) Only velocity head

(d) Datum head difference

96. The ratio between loss of head at the entrance and exit of pipe (with sharp cornered edge) is
(assume velocity of flow is same at entrance and exit of pipe)

(a) 0.5

(b) 0.25

(c) 0.33

(d) 0.66

97. For the laminar flow through a circular pipe

(a) the maximum velocity = 1.5 times the average velocity

(b) the maximum velocity = 2.0 times the average velocity

(c) the maximum velocity = 2.5 times the average velocity

(d) none of the above

98. The loss of head in a pipe of certain length carrying a rate of flow of Q is found to be H. If a
pipe of twice the diameter but of the same length is to carry a flow rate of 2Q, then the head loss
will be

(a) H

(b) H/2

(c) H/4

(d) H/8
99. The head loss due to friction in pipes is given by Darcy-Weisbach equation is (f=co-efficient of
friction; L=length of pipe & V=velocity of flow)

4∗f∗L∗V2
(a) hf = d∗g

4∗f∗L∗V2
(b) hf =
2gh

2∗f∗L∗V2
(c) hf = d∗2g

4∗f∗L∗V2
(d) hf = d∗2g

100. Maximum efficiency of power transmission through pipe of diameter 50 mm is (consider

friction loss only)

(a) 50 %

(b) 66.67 %

(c) 33.33 %

(d) 75 %
81 C 82 A 83 A 84 C
85 108-109 86 B 87 C 88 0.782-0.80
89 B 90 D 91 B 92 A
93 537.5-538.5 94 C 95 A 96 A
97 B 98 D 99 D 100 B