Standard Method of Test for Clay Lumps and Friable Particles in Aggregate AASHTO Designation: T 112-00 (2004)' ASTM Designation: C 142-97 1. SCOPE 14 This method covers the approximate determination of clay lumps and friable particles in natural aggregates, 12. This standard may involve hazardous materials, operations, and equipment. This standard does not purport to address all of the safety problems associated with its use. It isthe responsibitity of the user ofthis standard to consult and establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. 2. REFERENCED DOCUMENTS: 24. AASHTO Standards: M6, Fine Aggregate for Portland Cement Conerete M80, Coarse Aggregate for Portland Cement Concrete M92, Wite-Cloth Sieves for Testing Purposes m_-M231, Weighing Devices Used in the Testing of Materials mT LI, Materials Finer Than 75-sum (No. 200) Sieve in Mineral Aggregates by Washing 3. SIGNIFICANCE AND USE 34 This test method is of primary significance in determining the acceptability of aggregate with respect to the requirements of M 6 and M 80. 4. APPARATUS 44 Balance—The balance shall have sufficient capacity, be readable to 0.1 percent of the sample ‘mass, or better, and conform to the requirements of M 231 42 Containers—Rust-resistant containers of a size and shape that will permit the spreading of the sample on the bottom in a thin layer. 43. Sieves—Sieves conforming to M92. 44, (Oven—An oven providing free circulation of air and capable of maintaining a temperature of 110+ 5°C (230 + °F), Tse TH21 AASHTO54 52. 6.3, 54. SAMPLES ‘Aggregate for this test shall consist of the material remaining after completion of T 11. To provide the quantities designated in Sections 5.3 and 5.4 it may be necessary to combine material from more than one test by T LL Day the aggregate to substantially constant mass at a temperature of 110-£ 5°C (230+ 9°F), Test samples of fine aggregate shall consist of the particles coarser than a 1.18-mm (No. 16) sieve and shall have a mass not less than 25 g, Separate the test samples of coarse aggregate into different sizes, using the following sieves: 4,75 mm (No. 4), 9.5 mm ("iy in.), 19.0 mm (/sin.), and 37.5 mm (1'/3 in), The test sample shall weigh not less than indicated in the following table: Size of Particles Making Up Weight of Test Test Sample Sample, Min, g 475109.5 mm (No. 410% im) 7000 9.5 t0 19.0 mm 10 in) 2000 19010 375 mm ("41015 in} 3000 Over 37.5 mm (1/ in) 5000 55 5.6. Ifthe grading of the original sample provides less than five percent of any of the sizes indicated in Section 5.4, do not test that size. In the case of aggregate which is composed of substantial amounts of both fine and coarse aggregate sizes, separate the material into two sizes at the 4,75-mm (No. 4) sieve, and prepare the samples of fine and coarse aggregate in accordance with Sections 5.3 and 5.4, Any aggregate containing 50 percent or more material retained on the 4.75-mm (No. 4) sieve is considered to be coarse aggregate. Note 1—In most cases, only the plus 4.75-mm (No. 4) fraction of coarse aggregate needs to be evaluated by this test method, regardless of the amount of minus 4.75-mm (No. 4) material present. However, the amount of 1.18-mm (No. 16) to 4.75-mm (No. 4) material present shall be included in the weight of the test sample in Section 7.1 when calculating the percent of clay lumps and friable particles. 64 PROCEDURE Determine the mass of the test sample to the accuracy specified in Section 4.1 and spread it in a thin layer on the bottom of the container, cover it with distilled water and soak it for a period of 24 & 4 hours. Roll and squeeze particles individually between the thumb and forefinger to attempt ‘to break the particle into smaller sizes. Do not use the fingernails to break up particles, or press particles against a hard surface ot each other. Classify any particles that can be broken with the fingers into fines removable by wet sieving as clay lumps or friable particles. Afterall discernible clay Iumps and friable particles have been broken, separate the undersized material from the remainder of the sample by wet sieving over the sieve prescribed in Table | TS1e T1122 ‘AASHTO.Table 2—Procedure Over 37.5 mm (1's 62. Size of Particles Size of Sieve for Removing. Making Up Residue of Clay Lumps and Sample Friable Particles Fine agerepae (retained on 1 1®-mm (No. 16) sieve) 850 um (No. 20) 4.78109 mm No.4 to in) 2.36 mm (No.8) 8.51019.0mm Cat0 %in) 4.78 mm (No.4) 10000375 mm(st0 sin) 4.78 mm (No.4) 4.75 mm (No.4) Perform the wet sieving by passing water over the sample through the sieve while manually agitating the sieve, until all undersize material has been removed Remove the retained particles carefully from the sieve, dry to substantially constant mass at a temperature of 110-+ 5°C (230 + 9°F), allow to cool, and determine the mass to the accuracy specified in Section 4.1 TA 72. CALCULATION Calculate the percent of clay lumps and friable particles in fine aggregate or individual sizes of coarse aggregate as follows P=[(M-R)/M] x 100 @ where: P= percent of clay lumps and ftiable particles; M_ = mass of test sample (for fine aggregate the mass of the portion coarser than the 1.18-mm (No. 16) sieve as described in Section 5.3); and R= mass of particles retained on designated sieve, as determined in accordance with Section 6.2. For coarse aggregates, the percent of clay lumps and friable particles shall be an average based on the percent of clay lumps and friable particles in each sieve-size fraction weighted in accordance with the grading of the original sample before separation, of, preferably, the average grading of the supply represented by the sample, For the purpose of calculating the weighted average when the sample contains less than five percent of the material in a given size, that size shall be considered to contain the same percent of clay lumps and friable particles as the next larger or next smaller size, whichever is present. 84 82 PRECISION AND BIAS. Precision—The estimate of the precision of this test method is provisional and is based on samples of one fine aggregate that was tested by 10 different operators at nine different laboratories. For that sample, the average “percent of clay lumps and friable particles” in the aggregate was 1.2 percent, and the standard deviation was 0.6 percent, Based on this standard deviation, the acceptable range of two test results on samples from the same aggregate sent to different laboratories is 1.7 percent. Bias—Since there is no acceptable reference material for determining the bias for the procedure in this test method, no statement is being made. ’ Except for Sections 4.1 and 5.6, this method is identical to ASTM C 142-97, TS-ic TH23 ‘AASHTO