TOEFL PREPARATION COURSEEXERCISE 1 A: HILEL Understanding Idiomatic Expressions ‘A literal definition and an idiomatic meaning are given for cach expression, Read the expression Circle the lemter of the phrase listed below thar is the idiomatic meaning of the expression. 1. to hit the mail on the bead (A) to pound the nail on its top (B) to be right about something 2. to look om the bright side (A) to see the side thar is bright or lit by 7. ball of fire (A) person with great energy (B) globe of flames 8. tobe short (A) not to have enough the sun {B) to be optimistic (B) motto be tall 3. on the side (A) in addition to a main thing (B) beside or next to 9. tebe tied up (A). tobe busy (B) to be secured with a rope 10, s0 blow the whistle (A) to breathe heavily into a whistle ‘until it makes a loud sound (B) to tell secret information shout 4, on the whole (A) on top of the entire thing, (B) in most ways 5. can of worms (A). container full of bugs " 4B) complex problem to pull someone's lez (A) to grab someone's leg (B) te tease someone 6. te get off the ground {A} to make-a successful beginning {B}_ 10 leave the earth EXERCISE 2 B : Idiomatic and Literal Expressions Pat an Fon the line in front of each sentence which uses an expression as an idiom. Put an 1, om the fine in front of each sentence which uses an expression literally 1 The president hit the nail on the head with his analysis of our budget problems. 2. Jane always seems happy. She really knows how to look om the bright slde of things. 3. There was a big scratch om the side of his mew car. 4 On the whole, Clark has done well in sehoo! 5 The young boy gathered up his ishing pole and his ean of worms and headed off 10 the lake. 6. The airplane couldn't get off the ground because af the bad weather, 7. Peter 1s areal ball of fire. 8. The police officer blew the whistle to stop the cars. 9 Grace is short three cups of sugar, so she can't bake the cake 10 The horse was tied up at the corral so he wouldn trun away HT thought Jake was serious, but he was only pulling my leg,EXERCISE 1A ; PRACTICE WITH MINIMAL PAIRS Listen tothe sentences, For each sentence, circle the word you hear. 1 pest past 7 whale 2 gold scold 8 west 3. watched washed 9 fan 4 yam jam 10. folding 5 breed ‘bred tense 6 far fair EXERCISE 2 Practice with Sound-Alike Numbers Listen to the sentence, Write the number you hear om the blank line provided, Ls Last week I saw her for the time this year wish they'd spend their __ anniversary here with us. Be Tetook Jays to drive to Los Angeles. 4 This isthe year of professional basketball 5- ____ children came running around the corner. 6 Team’ help wondering wha won place 7 The. members of the executive board made this decision &- — Therewere ___new students a the meeting. 9. Hernew address is Maple Street 10. The person to call this number will win a prize, 1 Thave fiends in Chicago E i holding tenth FILE2FILE 3 CHECK TIME Each English sentence contains reference to time. Time is expressed using different verb ‘tenses and different marker words, such as after, before, and while. Some tense and time marker differences are specially important to keep in mind when you listen for the time in the mit ialogues in Section One of the TOEFL. ‘The present tense usually means that the time of the action in a sentence: is habitual ‘or repeated. ‘He eats breakfast at 7.30, ‘This sentence expresses the idea that he habitually (every day) eats breakfast at the same time, “The present continuous tense (present of BE + present participle) usually means that the time of the action in a sentence is: (A) happening right now, or (B) going to happen in the Future He is eating. He is eating at the country elub tomorrow night, ‘The first sentence expresses the idea that he is eating right now. The second sentence expresses the idea that he will eat tomorrow. ‘The simple past tense usually means that the time of the action in 2 sentence began and ended in the past He ate breakfast at 7:30 This sentence expresses the idea that he started and finished his breakfast in the past The present perfect tense (have/has + past participle) usually means that the time of the action in a sentence began in the past and it is still continuing or is still important in the present. He has eatea breakfast at 7:30 for several years. ‘This semence expresses the idea that he ate breakfast at 7:30 in the past and that he continues to eat breakfast at 7:30 in the present. ‘The past perfect tense (had + past participle) is usually used in a sentence which also contains the past tense, These twa tenses are used together 19 mean that one action occurred before another action in a sentence, He had already eaten breakfast by the time we arrived. This sentence expresses the idea that he ate before we arrived ‘The verb used to usually means that the action of the sentence occurred in the past and no longer aceurs in the present. He used to eat breakfast at 8:00 This sentence expresses the idea that he ate breakfast at 8:00 in the past, but now he eats breakfast at a different time:Exercise 4 A-Read each sentence: ‘She bought her cat before:she bought her dog. 2. As she talks, she writes on the blackboard. 3. After lunch, call your mother, 4.- Once Anne arrives, we éan boein the meeting. 5.- They used to enjoy dancing, but now they prefer watching other people dance 6. She can't move until she finds a joh 7. Fred is moving to New Jersey ance this semester is over 8 She phoned after she received iy messaxe, 9.= He didn’t write to her until she wrote to him While I was watching the movie, the lights went out 11 Since I moved to New York, I have made several good friends. 12, Mary read the letier and gave it to John, 13, Lused to drink coffee every moming, but now I drink tea, 14, Asthey are moving out, we'll be moving in. 15. By the time we called they had already taken her to the hospital 16. We listen to music while we're working. Exercise 4 B.- In the space provided, write the letter of the action which occurs/occurred first for is most likely to eccur first. If both actions happen at the same time, write ang S im the blank. 1. (A) buying the dow 9. (A) ber writing 10 him (B) buying the cat (B) is writing 0 hee (5) both happen at the same time (S)_ both happen at the same time 2 (A) taking 10.(A) the tights going out = (B) uniting on the blackboard (B) warching + movie {5) both happen atthe same time (8). both happen a the same time 3.) eating ch 11. (A) moving to New York (B) calling, mother (B) making several good friends (S) both happen atthe same ume (S)_ both hsppenst the same time 4. (A) Anne arriving (8) beginning the mezting. (S) both happen at the same time 5S. (A). watching other people dance (B) dancing (S) both happen at the same time 6. GA) Finding a job (B) moving (S)_ both happen at the same time 7. (A) moving to New Jersey {B) the semester ending (5) both happen at the same time 8 A) phoning {B) receiving my message 18) both happen atthe same time 12.(A) ivi V4. (A) our moving in 16. (A) listening to the music the letter to John (Bp reading the leter (S)_ both happen at the same time 13. (A) drinking ten (B) drinking coffee (S)_ both happen at the same time (B) their moving out ($) both happen at the same ime 1S.(A) our calling (B) their taking her to the hospital ($) Both happen atthe seme ume (B) working —= 418) both happen at the same time‘The truth-value of these conditional sentences types can be summarized as follows: TRUE - Factual conditionals POSSIBLY TRUE IN THE FUTURE - Future Conditionals LESS POSSIBLY TRUE IN THE FUTURE - Hypothetical conditionals UNTRUE —Counterfactual conditionals, NOTE: There are other forms possible for factual, future, hypothetical, and counterfactual conditionals. However, they are not tested in Section One of the TOFFL. Only those forms discussed shove are important for Section One of the TOEFL ‘Wish sentences are used when a speaker wants reality to be different than it is. The verb forms used to express wishes are similar to those used in conditional sentences Wish: wish that you were arock star. Reality: You are not a rock star. ‘Causes and results can be expressed in several ways in English semtenées. Many verbs express ‘cause or result Injury causes pain (cause) leads to (result) creates results in produces contributes ta is result of gives rise to Pain results fom injury (result) is caused by (cause) is due to stems from In addition to verbs, there are many other words that can be used to express cause and result John is very tired therefore, he is going to bed (cause) (result) consequently, for this reason, because of this, asa result, Two common Words used to express cause and result are because and so. Because is always followed by the cause. Seis always followed by the result, ‘Because he is very tired, John is going to bed. BECAUSE + cause result Hic is very tired , so he is goime to bed ‘Cause ‘SO + result ‘The TOEFL tests your ability to tread, hear and understand conditions, wishes, and causes and results,EXERCISE 64. PRACTICE WITH CONDITIONS AND WISHES. Read each sentence: 1 If Thad had week's vacation, I would have gone to New York. 2. ITpeople ty hard enough there can be peace on earth 3. Ifyou bay this car, you will be happy. 4. If Twere you, I wouldn't talk so loudly. 5. Lwish T could buy you that diamond ring, 6. If Thad your experience | would be more ‘confident in my abilities. 7. Greg would help you if you asked him 8, If it were Christmas, we would be ‘with our families. 9. He wishes he cold be a child again, 10. Ifyou had been home before midnight, | wouldn't have been s0 worried about you. 11. If you mix white paint and black paint, ‘you get gray paint EXERCISE 6 B- 12. 1fJane calls please tell her I can be reached at my office. 13. Lwish summer would get here, 4, If we'd been more carefull we wouldn't hhave broken the vase. 15. Ifyou finished your housework, your mother would be very happy. 16, Beatrice would be relieved if we called hee. 17. If they stop now,they won't finish the work on time. 18. wish Thad some money 19, If Lwere in your shoes, [would be seared. 20, Mark would have gone out with us if he hadn't had so much work to do. 21, She would have a lot of more suocess in ber profession if she weren't so lazy 22. I we finish this soon, we'll be ahead of schedule. Decide whether the answer is true or false, according to the information given in the printed sentence. If the sentence is true write a T im the answer space. If the sentence F in the answer space. ___1. [had a week's vacation, — 2. It might be possible to have peace 3. You own this car. ~4. You are talking loudly, 5. Hoan bay you that ring. 6. have as much experience as you do. 7. You asked Greg to help you 8. We are with our families 9. He is not a child 10, I was worried about you. __H1, You can make gray paint false, write an 12, Jane can call me at my office 13. Itis not summer now. 14. We were very carefill 15. Your housework is finished 16, Beatrice is relieved 17. They have stopped working, 18, Idon’t have any money. 19, Lam very seared. 20, Maik didn't go out with us. 21. She isn’t lazy 22, We-will certainly finish this soonEXERCISE 1 A= WRITTEN PRACTICE WITH CAUSE AND RESULT. Read each sentence, John is responsible for this mess. Claire was angry, so she spoke to the director ‘As a result of his efforts all the children have toys for Christmas, ‘This unfortunate cireumstance is due to procrastination Malicious rumors caused her to havea nervous breakekown, Static electricity results From dry ait Because the clerk was impolite, | left without buying the merchandise I picked out. Disorganization creates confusion. Her insecurity stems from an unhappy childhood. | won the lottery last week, because of this, | don't have to work any more! ‘This wonderful weather will result in heavy traffic to the lake. [Because everyone works until §:00, the stores are empty until then Poot ecanontic conditions can give rise to unemployment, Eyestrain sometimes results from overuse of computers V'm not interested in buying a new car, so please don’t try to sell me one. My family lives in Montana; consequently, I go there to vist quite often Write « C om the line neat to each word or phrase that is a cause in the written statement, Write an R on the line next to.each word or phrase that is the result in the written statement. 1, this mess 9 her insecurity 2. Claire was angry 10. don’t have te work anymore 3. His efforts 11. Heavy traffic to the take 4, unfortunate circumstance 12, everyone warks until $:00 5. malicious rumors 13, unemployment 6. static electricity 4. overuse of computers 7. Left 15. don’ ty to sell mea ear 8 disorganization 16, my familyHILES CHECK WHO DOES WHAT It is sometime difficult to. understand who does what in English sentences. This can be tue whenever there is more than one person being talked about. I is especially difficult to understand ‘who does what in passive sentences and in causative constructions, using have, let, make and get. Peter gave Mary a ring Whe gavethe ring? Peter ‘This ring was given to Mary by Peter. (Passive sentence) Who gavethe ring. Peter Peter got Soe ta give Mary a ring. (Causative Construction) Who gave the ring” Joe Exercise $A. Written Practice with Who Does What Read cach sentence. ‘We watched Sally in the play. Greg has Kathy cut his hair Paul was pleased with Susan's progress William was nominated for the award by his classmates Mother made us clean our rooms Pat wrote 2 long letter to John about their mother Mike is respected by his colleagues and friends I saw her shopping on Church Street yesterday. ‘Tony brings the mail to Larry every aftemoon, [took care of Mark’s apartment while he was on vacation 11, George let Jack borrow his car for the weekend. Exercise 8 B ~ Write Who does What Who was in the play”, Who cuts hair? 3- Who mado progross” 4+ Who did the nominating? 5. Whocleaned? Who rece!ved the letter? 7 Who respects? eae 8- Whosaw? 9. Who brings? - — 10- Who was on vacation’ T1- Who owns the ear? SasEXERCISE 9 A~ DIALOGUE TAKES PLACE. Read each dialogue: 1M: Shall we go to a movie tonight? W: No, let's stay home and watch TV,2, 2. M: Lhope you'll still accept my final paper. Well, itis three days late, but | guess can stil take it M: How does that one feel? W: Well, it's alittle loose, and the sleeves are too long, 4, W: How Jong has it been since your last ‘appointment? Me Actually, Lenly come in-when I have ‘a toothache. > Where can I find a book about the history of California? M: Let me help you look for one in the card catalogue, 6. Wi Do have any broken bones? M; Him, No, Edon’t think 30, but let's ‘order an X-ray just in case FIL 9 WRITTEN PRACTICE UNDERSTANDING WHERE A 7. W: Have you had your coffee break yet? M: Notyet, I've been too busy at my desk. And, you? 8. M: Can [bring you anything else? W: Just a.cup of coffee and the check, please. 9. W: Before we hang up, can I ack you a favor? M: Sure, What is it? 10.W: Please fasten your sent beli, sir M. OK, but could you please bring mea glass a of water before we take off? LM: Your assignment for tomorrow is to write an essay about the poem we read for today, W: How long do you want the essay to be? EXERCISE 9 B.- On the first line, identify where the dialogue probably takes place. Use the places listed! below: airplane business office clothing store doctor's office on the telephone apartment __elassroom __dentist's office _tibrary restaurant Ttimay be mecessary to use some locations more than once. 2. 10, ulFILE 10 EXERCISE 10 A.- WRITTEN PRACTICE IDENTIFYING WHO SPEAKERS ARE IN A CONVERSATION Read each dialogue: 1. M: Shall we go tos movie tonight? 7 We Ele yo our cts brn tt W. No, let's stay home and watch TV.2. Not yet, I've been too busy at ty M: hope you'll still accept my final paper. deck. And, you? W. Well, itis three days Inte, but I guess 8. M: Can L bring you anything else? can still take it ‘W: Just a cup of coffee and the 3. _M: How does that one feel? check, please ‘We Well, it's alittle loase, and the sleeves. 9. W> Before we hang up, can Task you aro t90 long. a favor? 4 We How long has it been since your last M. Sure, What isit? appointment? 10.W: Please fasten your seat belt, sir M: Actually, only come in when I have M: OK, but could you please bring me a ‘4 toothache. glass a of water before we take-off? 5. W: Where can I find a book about the 11M: Your assignment for tomorrow is to history of California? ‘write an essay about the poom we M: Let me help you look for one in the read for today card catalogue W: How long do-you want the essay 6 Wo! have any broken bones? tobe? M, Hmm. No, {don’t think 50, but let's order an Xeray just in case EXERCISE 10 B.- This time identify who euch speaker is in the dialogue. Use the names listed below. It may be necessary to use some names more than once. flight attendant co-worker doctor rian patient sales person restaurant serves client, dentist friend library user professor __student 1 First Speaker 7. First Speaker Second Speaker Second Speaker 2. First Speaker 8. First Speaker Second Speaker = Second Speaker 3. First Speaker ©, First Speaker Second Speake Secand Speaker 4. First Speaker 10. First Speaker Second Speaker _ Second Speaker _ 5. First Speaker LL. First Speaker ee Second Speaker ‘Second Speaker 6 First Speaker ‘Second Speaker 10.EXERCISE I] A. WRITTEN PRACTICE WITH SITUATIONS. Read carefully each dialogue and the corresponding question. 1 ‘My throat is sore, and I have.a bad cough ‘Well, let's take your temperature and see if you have a fever. ‘What is the wornan’s job? ‘Would you like to check these books aut? Yes, please. And, how long can I koep them? ‘Where does this conversation probably take place? My bageage doesn’t seem to be arriving with everyone else’s. Don't worry. I'am sure tll tern arp shortly ‘What does the woman mean? What did you want to see me about? I'd like to know wit assignments ! missed when 1 was absent from your class? Who is the man? Dowe have enough gas to get to Chicago? No, problem. We only have ancther 50 miles to go, and the gas tank is still half full. ‘Where does this conversation most probably take place Would you like to-try on ancther coat? No, thank you, I'll take this one. ‘What does the woman mean? 222 oF ofF of% oft OFF Exercise 12 B.- Cirele the lottor that best answers the question you read, LA. Dentist 4. A. A tibrarian B Nurse B.A teacher Weather reparter CA student D. Teacher D. The woman’s best friend 2. A. Ina library 5. A. Ina movies theater B. inaclassroom B. nan aiport ©. Ina bookstore C Inaear D. ina lawyer's office D. In Chicago 3A. She thinks the man’s luggage will 6. A. She would like to have her coat back ative soon, B. Her house doesn’t need another caat B_ She wants to turn at the next street of pamt CC. She'is too short to soe what's in the bag, C. She wants the man to pay her now D. She'll pick up the man’s groceries for D._ She would like to buy the coat she bir hasanBLE LANGUAGE FUNCTION ‘SOME EXPRESSIONS USED Requesting permission Do you mind if | use your pen’ Would it be OK (with you) if} came too? I wonder if T could borrow your pencil Tequesting information Do you know where the library ix? Can you tell me how to get to Church Street? Is there a library around here? Requesting that comeone do something Would you mind opening the window? Would you please take out the trash? Could you please get me that book? How ubout sharing that dessert with me? Requesting advice or an opinion What do you think of this dress? Do you think Lasty will come” Would it be better for me to call or write? How does this look to you Should I ask for a raise? Do you like this book? Giving an advice or an opinion Shoulda’t you cat before you go out? ‘Why not do your homework now? ‘Pry calling him in the afternoon. You really should be careful on the highway. ‘Suggesting speaker and listener do "Why don’t we go to the concert tonight? something together Let's see that movie we were talking about, What would you say to a vacation” How about going to dinner on Tuesday? How would you feel about going to a concen? Offering to do something ‘Shall do that for you now? May I take your hat? ‘Can I take your coat? ‘Would you like another cup of tea id you like me to yet you some more tea? ‘Sounds good to me UH say No kidding. ‘No problem. Sodol. Great idea. Neither do I. ‘Sure, why not Isn'7Won'eDoesn’e it, ‘Good idea. though Disagreeing with suggestions, advice, ‘No thanks, | really shouldn't ‘Thanks, anyway, but | san"t Sorry, but | don’t really agree with you Refusing offers and requests That’s out of the question, ‘Not likely! You must be kidding. opinions, ete. BFILE 14 EXERCISE I4 A - WRITTEN PRACTICE WITH LANGUAGE FUNCTIONS OF SPECIAL EXPRESSIONS Read cach sentence, 1. Can you tell me where the nearest bank is? 2. Would it be OK with you if | used your car tonight? 3. Could you please mail this letter for me? 4. Would you like me to camy your suitease for you? 3. Why don't you try starting this assignment over? 6. What do you think of the math teacher? 7, How about going to New York with me this weckend? 8. How about driving Patty to New York for me this weekend? 9. Do you know who placed that ad in the newspaper? 10. You really should wear a hatin this weather LL Let's visit Sally this afternoon, 12. May I go with John to the library? 13, May I have some clean silverware, please 14, How do you fee! about this comments? 15. Have you read his most recent novel? 16. Can help you with that? EXERCISE 14 B, On the line, write the letter that corresponds to: the lang ‘each sentence you read, The language functions are listed below: (A) giving advice or an opinion (E) requesting permission (B) offering to do something (F) requesting that someone de (C) requesting advice or opinion something (D) requesting information (G) suggesting speaker and listener to de something together 1 9. _ 2 10, 4 a a 5 = Be Mo se Mo a Ro a Bo 8 I, 4FILE 15, EXERCISE 15 A- Read the following paragraph: Last week we talked about the Declaration of Inclependence, Today I'd like to discuss the United States Constitution. The Constitution is the basic instrument of American goverment and the supreme Law of the land. It was completed in September of 1787 and was officially adopted by the ‘American people in 1789. For over two centuries it has guided! our zovermment and provided the basis for political stabifity, economic growth, and social progress. It isthe oldest wnitten constitution currently boing used in any nation of the world. The Constitution owes its long life and its Insting, influence to its magnificent siraplicity and flexibility, Originally designed to provide a framework for governing thirtcen very differeat former colonies, its basic elements were s0 carefully conceived that it still serves well the needs of all Amesicans EXERCISE 15 B.-Circle the letter that best answers the question you read. 1 What is the main topic of this talk? (A) The founding of the thirteen colonies (B) The Declaration of Independence. (C) The United States Constinution. (D) Economic growth. 2 Where does this talk most likely take place? (A) Ina United States history class, (B) Ing science class XC) Inalibrary. (©) Inthe school eafeteria. 3. According to the speaker, what is the supreme law of the land? (A) The Amencan people {B) The Constitution (C) The government {D) The Declaration of Independence. 4, When was the Constitution officially adopted? (A) in 1787 (Bn 1887 (Cin 1789 (Dyn 1813 5S. Azeording to the speaker, why has the United States Constitution fasted so tong? (A) Because it was designed for the thirteen colonies (B) Because iris simple and flexible (C) Because itis the basic instrument of the American goverment {D) Because itis being used in many nations, 6 How does the speaker probably fee! about the Coastitution? (A) He would like to have a copy of the Constitution, (B) Hes affraid that the Constitution will not last much longer. (C) —Heis critical of the Constitution (DR) Headnures the ConstitutionFILE 16-4. EXERCISE 16 A. Written Practice with WHO, WHERE and WHAT, Short Talks. Read each passage, 2 10. " W: Ww: Right now we're entering the newest and most impresaive area of our 200—the Elephant Walk. Plephants are the largest of all land animals, and their sheer size is enough to make them one of the most popular zoo attractions. ‘Today we are going to begin our discussion of early English settlements in North America Hii I'm Hank Snow. the president of the Student Environmental Awareness ‘Committee. I'd like to thank you all for coming down to the clubhouse today to talk about raising the level of environmental awareness on campus. Today, I'd like to talk to you about the photosynthesis’- the process by which green plants produce their food. Before we begin our tour of the factory, let me tell you a bit about how ice cream is, made. Hello, class. I'm Jean Andrews, Dr, Nelson's secretary. Dostor Nelson just called to say that he is ill today and has to cancel class, He'd like me to give you somne information about tomorrow's test, though ‘As you probably know, Anatomy 401 is a course designed primarily for medical students. Material in this class will be covered at an accelerated rate, and you will the expected fo pass a written exam each week Once you have decided 10 buy one of our dogs, you have to decide whether you ‘want a pure-bred dog or a mix. Let me explain some of the differences to you, It’s always a pleasure for us juniors and seniors to talk to mew students about campus life. I'd like to start by talking a little bit about some of the athletic facilities you can take advantage of here: Now that I've tulked to you about the fin of playing, football, I'd like 10 discuss some of the difficulties. I want you to know all the facts before you decide whether or not ta try aut for the team. {hope you have all had a chance to read the novel that 1 assigned at the beginning of last week. Now it's time to begin analyzing it. Before we do 30, let me give you a bit of background on the author of this masterpiece. 16EXERCISE 16 B. Tell who the speaker (s) is (are), where the passage takes place, and what the passage is about 1 Who: 10. 7FILE17A EXERCISE 17 A. WRITTEN PRACTICE WITH FACTS IN LONGER CONVERSATIONS. AND SHORT TALKS. Read each short passage and the question about it. 1 10. ul ‘Mi After this thirteenth president caine Franklin Pierce, the fourteenth president of the United States, He was born in New Hampshire in 1804, He was an inexperienced president whose term of office was marked by hasty decisions ‘When was Franklin Pierce horn? ‘But, the chemistry exam is next Tuesday. That's only four days from now. Oh, that’s right. [ guess we won't be going skiing this weekend ater all When will the chemistry exam take place? ‘There are about 70 species of cockroach in the United States. These running flat-bodied insects like to lurk in dark kitchens waiting to contaminate our food and spread disease How many species of cockroach are there in the United States? OK. So, you don’t want to go to a play on Friday night. What would you like to do this weekend? Oh, go camping or hiking or... well anything, as long as we can breathe fresh wir! ‘What does the man ask the woman? ‘As you just saw in the film, Sylvia Plath's life was marked by tragedy and misfortune. Now, let's take a look at one of her novels ‘What did the class just finish doing? Well, thank you for inviting me, but 1 won't be able to join you because I simply can't afford such ait extravagant expense Oh, that’s too bad. We were looking forward to you company this evening Why can’t the woman go with the man? Most people hate spiders, but our lives would actually be a lot less pleasant if they weren't around According to the speaker, what de most people think of spiders? OK. Let's meet at 7:30 tomorrow in the music practice room, Right, It might not take ts two much longer to get ready for Friday night's concert : Where will these two people meet tomorrow? Please leave your completed exam papers with the department secretary. Olt, and if' you have any farther questions, you can come and. see me in my office, I'll be there from now until 530 ‘To whom should the students give their exams? ‘And there are other colorful women figures in American history. Calamity Jane, spirited woman who lived in the Wild West dung the gold boom of the 1870s, claimed to have been Pony Express rider and an army scout. When was the gold boom? Do you think I should call the admissions office now’? W: Itisonly 7:30 -Q: What does the man want to do? £92 £0 EOeE0 @ #92 29 EQezQ =a zeEXERCISE 17 B. ‘Circle the correct answer to each question, Lo I8it (By 1804 2, (A) In four days (By On Thursday 3. (A) Seventeen (By Seventy 4 (A). Af'she wants to go camping (B) What she wants to do: S.A) Watehing a film (B) Reading a novel 6. (A) She doesn’t have enough money. (B) She is not feeling well 7 (A) They hate them (B) They find them pleasant. 8 (A) _Tma practice room (B) At the concert 9. (A) The teacher (B) The secretary 10. (A) Inthe 1770s, (B) Inthe 1870. T, (A)_— Goto the admissions office. (B) Make a phone call,FILE18 EXERCISE 18 A WRITTEN PRACTICE WITH OVERALL MEANINGS. SHORT TALKS. Read each short talk and the questions which follow it. Ww. Right now, we're entering the newest and most impressive area of our 200, the Elephant ‘Walk. Elephants are the largest of all land animals, and their shecr size is enough to make them one of the most popular of zoo attractions. There are two basic kinds of elephants - “African clephants and Indian elephants — and we have some of each here for you to see ‘They are not difficult to tell apart. The Indian elephants have smallet ears, They also have highly arched backs. African clephants have large cars and are sway-backed — that is their backs curve down in the middle instead of up. ‘Male elephants are always larger than females, and they weigh quite a bit more. A full-grown male elephant can weigh up to 22,000 pounds, although the majority weigh around 11,000 pounds. ‘Males are called bulls, females are called cows, and baby elephants are referred to as calves: ‘When it is bom, an elephant calf is three feet tall, weighs about 200 pounds, and is envered with hair ‘When you've finished visiting with our elephants, let me know, and we'll move oa. Our next stop 1s the lion’s den. 1." Whatis the main topie of this tall? 2, What is the speaker's job? 3. According to the speaker, what does sway-backed mean? 4. What is the average weight of an adult male elephant”? S.—-What will the speaker probably do mext? EXERCISE 18 B.- Circle the correct answer to each question, (A) Impressive 200 exhibits, 4. (A) 11.000 pounds (B) Facts about elephants 4B) 22,000 pounds. (C) Two kinds of elephants, «C) 200 pounds {D) The size of elephants. {D) 15,000 pounds (A) Circus performer. 5 (A) Look for a baby elephant (B) Elephant trainer. {B) Wait fora litle while (C) Tour guide KC) Enter the 200 (D) Ticket vendor «D) Leave the lion’s den (A) Having a highly arched back (B) Moving rhythmically back and forth (C) Having a back which curves down in the middle. {D) Having a very flexible back.EILEI? EXERCISE 19A.- Read a talk given in a university course and the questions which follow it, M Today we are going to begin out discussion of early English settlements in North America. ‘The first English settlement, established in 1584, was on Roanoke Island, Soon after colonists settled there, exploration of the area convinced them that they should move the colony farther north to the Chesapeake Bay area as soon as possible John ‘White, thea govemer, loft for England to secure much needed supplies for this move in August 1587, but because of the war with Spain, White could not retam to Roanoke until 1590.What he found ‘when he got back continues to puzzle historians even today. The village was deserted. Carved on a tree were the leters C-R-O, and the village had been converted into a fortress, ‘White and his men found a sign marked 0-A-T-O-A-N, Croatoan, the name of a nearby island, but no other clues. White betieving he would find his family on Croatoan Island, propared to search for them. But, a storm drove his ship far off the coast, and he was forced to retum to England without making contact, ‘The colonists of Roanoke were never found, nor was any sign of them uncovered. A search was continued until 1619, when they were given up as the “Lost Colony”. The fate of the ‘colonists remains one of America's greatest mysteries “Their efforts were not, however, a complete failure ‘The records of their experience did mich to teach Inter colonists and pave the way for # successful settlement in Jamestown in 1607 ‘We'll talk more about Jamestown in our next class. £: ‘What would be a goad title for this lecture? 2, In what course was this lecture most probably given? cs According to the speaker, where was the first English settlement in North America? 4. What happened to the Roanoke settlers? 5. According (o the speaker, why was this attempt at colonization not « complete failure? 6. What will the next lecture probably be about? EXERCISE, 198.- Circle the correct answer to each question, (A) The Lost Colony 4. (A) They moved farther north (B) The Colonists at Jamestown (C) The Voyages of John White (D}-Croatoan Island (A) Environmental studies (B) History (C)-Geography (D} Political Service (A) Plymouth Rock {B) Jamestown. KC) Chesapeake Bay (D) Roanoke (B) They left for Croatoan. (C) They were never found. (D) They returned to England 5, (A) Because the Indians leamed from it (B) Because the colonists arrived in England safely, (©) Because the colonists were able to settle in Roanoke (D). Because future colonists learned from it ‘6. (A) Ocher mysteries (B) Marine life in the Chesapeake Bay area (C) The settlement of Jamestown (D) John White’s fantily, 21EXERCISE 20. LONGER CONVERSATIONS. ‘Read a conversation between two students, Exercise 20 B. Answer all questions on the bast Peeere 2 £2 22224 £2 How was your flight, Wayne? Well, we were delayed several times because of bad weather I made it back, but I was 12 hours late, so no one was waiting to piek me up, Oh, that's awfull How di you got borne? 1 finally took a cab. I'm sorry you had such a bad trip. Did anything else happen? Well, my luggage still hasn't arrived. Gh, I've lost luggage several times, too, but it's always been found again, Did you file a lost baggage claim with the airiine? Twas so tired when | got in that | didn't take the time. ‘You really should file a laini. And it’s better to do it in person. Would you like me to give you a ride back aut to the airport? That would be great, if you don’t mind. Maybe my luggage is there by now. Ifit's not, Ill file a claim for it estions: What is the main subject of this conversation? How did the man finally get home? What has happened to the woman several times? ‘Why didn’t the man file # lost baggage claim when he arrived? ‘What are the man and woman probably going to do mext? of what is stated or implied in the conversation. Cirele the letter that corresponds to the best answer. 4A) ‘The man’s trip 3. (AD Buy a ticker. (B) Buying luggage. {B) Go tothe aiport (C) Howto file a fuguage claim, {©} Get some rest. «D) Travel by train (D) Look for the man's ticket (A) He walked (B) He took a taxi (©) He drove. (D) Someone picked hi up. (A) Her baggage has been lost (B) She has been delayed (C) She has taken a taxi (D) She has taken the man to the airport. (A) He forgot. (B) Hedidn’t think it would help (©) Hewastoo tired (D) He found his baggage.Diagnostic Test Answer Sheet if NAME fprint: = . | cee ann won can Gy cman a nes log Isami nee ea e ee es ert ins Re : [e@ [os a : 7 TS 0 | o Pw = : 1D WO Me eaten - | 20) BGM semen 5 (hy By Be (Ds ce : Lames, eee | : Peco SOS | i teres eaeeanes : Summ: ieee | WAM aR BCD | ¥ | [aoage gaan | Dede, ew due | i ——— sees | [eomom damon | : Mine nee ta ein| | garded, igvcdate | ee re i at & 8) GiiD i meee deme | | ame abih mesce : panera eee! | eee, we eee araraseT eee! eke GO eee Taeee | | naaae i : ao oe eee | | ke oo : | dae eos| wee | fk ec ae wee) Ane : PomHmia| soe | [aaeee | See Specs] |gawae al iisimitee Bsa sein | rs AB z mBaneon aaa ooo mA BO as eee ' : @ | Seales Ges a eT ee @) sr4] [al la) la) [als La] [a DIAGNOSTIC TEST SECTION 1 PARTA 6, W: Would you like me tum on the 6. (A) He would like the woman's help. the lights? (B) He doesn’t nced more light M: [can soe just fine, thanks (C) She shouldn't turn right Q: What does the man imply? (D) He'd ike to pay his fine 7. W: Do you think I'l be able to find 7 (A) He's not sure there are any mote math books the book I need for math class” available M: If they are not sold out! (B) He wants to g0 to the book sale after clase Qs What does the man mean (C) He docsn’t neod a book: for that class. 8. W. Has Susan told you about her (D) He'll help the woman find the book she needs trip overseas? Me Only a hundred timest 3 (A) He doesn’t have thme to see Susan Q: What does the mam mean (8) Susan has told him a lot about her tip. 8. M: What should I do with this (©) Susan’s trip won't be over for lang. time pile of books? (D) He's interested in hcaring about Susan's trip. W: Oh, just leave them on the cireu- 9. A) Filing papers. lation desk, and we'll shelve them (B) Building book shelves in the morning. (€) Moving into an apartment Q: What are the speakers doing? {D) Working ima library 10, M: Do-you think Mr. Grant will give 10, (Ay Mr. Grant doesn't approve of Ben's lifestyle Ben a raise? «B) Mr. Grant will never increase Ben's salary. W: Not on your life! (C) Mr Grant has raised fen since he was a small Q: What does the man mean? cha 16M. Their Fight will arrive on time, (D) Ben should ask Mr, Gras for more moacy. won't i? 16, (A) She couldn't understand the weather report W: The weather report doesn't sound (B) She doesnt like flying. in bad weather. too good. (C) Is too ad they can" pet to the airport on time Q: What does the woman mean? (D) Bad weather might delay the areval oftheir 18 M: Geonge seems excited about plane, playing on the basketball team! 18, (A) He's not very enthusiastic about his school W. Trish he fet the same about work. is studies (B) He likes basketball more than she does. Q: What does the woman insply (C) Ho feels: uncomfortable with the other basket= about George? tall players 29. W: What was the graduation (D) He wishes he ad more time for is studs, ‘ceremony like? 29, (A) He didn't end up graduating after at M: Thought it would never end! (B) He had to leave the ceremony before the ond Q: What dacs the man mean? (C) "The ceremony lasted too long 30, M: Do you think Mary would like (D) He didn’t know anyone who was grodhating. some more coffee? 30. (A) She doesn’t have a cup. W: Well hor cup is empty (18) She would probably like some catlee Q: What does the woman imply (C) She broke her coffee cup. about Ma (D) She docsa’t drink colle. 231 1 1 1 1; |1 DIAGNOSTIC TEST SECTION 1 PARTB ‘Questions 31 through 34. Read the following conversation. M 2 = £€ z2eze ze 2 33, What can | do for you? Well, I've broken my glasses, and I wondered if you could fix them here for me Wel, ec me have a look at them. They're broken prety badly, actually. 1 don’t think they can be repaired |Lwas afraid of that. Well I suppose | should choose new frames then. ‘Yes, that would probaly be the best idea. Have you Tooked st any of ours yet? Yes, a litle, but I haven't scen anything I liked so far. Well, if you don't see anything you like here in the office, we can always order fames for you from one of our catalogues | suppote so. But, if I find framos I think | like in ono of your catalogues, am I obligated to buy them after you order them? I mean, what if I don’t like them once I actually try them on? ‘That's no problem, If you aren't satisfied with the frames we order, we just send them back to the company we ordered from and you can try again OK. Well, let's have a look. Where does this conversation take place? ‘What does the woman want? ‘What does the man advise the woman to do? |. According to the man, if the woman doesn’t find what she wants in the store, what can she do? (A) Ina barber shop 34, (A) Wait a few seconds, (B) In an eye doctor's office, 4B) Look in another store. (©) ina picture framing shop (©) Look for a few more hours (D} ina jewelry stove {B) Order from a catalogue (A) To find a new frame for her picture (B) A replacement forthe glass she thas broken (©) To have her glasses repaired (D)-An eye examination (A) Ask someone else to help her. (B) Choose new frames, (C) Take his cataloyue (D) Choose a different picture, Pa4) lal fal [al {al [a] [a DIAGNOSTIC TEST SECTION 1 PARTC ‘Questions 38 through 42. Read a talk given by the leader of a hiking club. ‘Before we ask how many of you will be going on the Wildemers Survival Hike, I'd like t0 review the guidelines for winter safety. If you ever get lost in the woods, the first thing you should do is sit down and collect your wits. Make a camp and prepare a signal and wait for rescue to come to you. ‘Once you are situated, there arc other things you can do to cope while stranded in the wildemess First of all, cry. to locate a source of water. You can go a month if necessary without food, but only seven days without a drink Anstime your lips feel dry, you need water However, never eat snow t0 queneh your thirst. It witl counter dehydration, but in meting the snow your body loses precious heat, amd the deadly effects of hypothermia are accelerated. ‘You can fight hypothemtia in other ways, too. Even if the temperature is in the fifties, uncontrolled loss of body heat can be fatal. Cover your head, and thus reduce your heat loss by half Dress as warmly and with as many layers as possible. Get out of the wind and stay dry, Keep active, but avoid perspiring ~ water conducts heat away from your body 240 times faster than air does. ‘We've covered water and warmth, now let's consider food im the wildemess. Don't eat potentially dangerous plants. These include all types of mushrooms and other fungi, beans and bulbs ‘Also, any wild berries that are either red or white should be avoided, As a precaution, be sure you have packed plenty of packets of dehydrated food to side you over in an emergency. ‘OK. We don't anticipate anyone getting lost, as you are all going out with experienced guides Lat's see a show of hands of those of you who plan to join us on the hike 38. According to the speaker, what is the first thing to do if you get lost? 39. What's the gresiest danger of enting snow to satisfy your thirst? 40, According to the speaker, what is the hest way to reduce body heat loss by half? 41, Why does the speaker feel that the hikers shouldn't worry too much about the upcoming hike? 42, How will the speaker know who wants to join the hike?” 38. (A) Find water (B) Get setted in one place (C) Look for food, (D) Start walking in a likely direction, 39, (A) You will lower your body temperature too much (B) You will become ill. (C) tris hard to take in enough snow (D) Snow doesn’t really quench your thirst 40, (A) Keep extremely active. (B) Wear a hat. (C) Dress warmly. (D) Stay dry 41. (A) They have just heard the talk, (B) They have done this many times before (C) They will be well equipped (D) They will be accompanied by guides. 42. (A) People will tell him after the talle (B) People will raise their hands (C) People will send in a registration (D) People have notified him prior to the talka] fa) {al lal lal [a DIAGNOSTIC TEST SECTION 1 PARTD Questions 47 through 50, Read a science professor talk about gold. For at least six thousand years, people have been fascinated by gold, They have used it in pottery, jewelry, religious objects, clothing and even medicine, In ancient times it was also molded into ‘magnificent death masks for kings and other royalty. ‘Gold has been valued through the centuries because of its beauty and indesteuctbility it does rot tamish or discolor, and it resists corrosion. Gold is also quite soft and easy to work with. It can be hammered inte wery thin sheets ~ so thin that light shines through them. These sheets are used for decorative letiering and other artistic purposes. Maniy churches and govemment buildings have domes covered with thin layers of gold, This not only makes tho dames highly resistant ta ‘weathering, it also gives the buildings an aura of beauty and richness. Dentists also appreciate the sofiness of gold They use itto make fillings for teeth, Today, gold is widely used in the electronics industry, partly because it conducts electricity 0 well, It 15 indispensable in pockot calculators, computers, telephones, televisions, missiles, and spacecraft. Glass coated with a thin layer of gold is also used im skyscrapers to reflect summer sun and to retain winter heat. The use of gold in one building in Canada lowered air-conditioning costs by forty percent Tho discovery of gold in Califomia in 1849 encouraged the westward expansion of the United States. Large gold discovenes in other countnes have alse resulted in new settlements and increased. exploration. Gold has even brought development to the Artic Circle whore the most northerly gold mune in the world exists. This mine yiclds $100 million in gold annually. Gold exploration continues all over the world, Who knows where the next rich source of gold may be found! 47. According to the speaker, why has gold been continuously popular for 6,000 years? 48, Why does the softness of gold make it so useful? 49. According to the speaker, what purpose does gold serve in the construction of skyscrapers? 50. According to the speaker, what often happens to-an area after gold is discovered? 47. (A) Icis more valuable than other metals. 49. (A) lt makes them shine in the dark so (B) tis vory beauriful and noc easily ‘that nirplanos can avoid hitting therm destroyed, (B) it makes:the skeyline of a city slater, (C) Ir attracts people to new areas and ‘which is very attractive. encourages exploration (©) Ithelps building stay cool in summer (D) [tis useful in televisions, missiles, and warm in winter and spacecraft (D) Ithelps keep the metal parts of ‘buildings from corroding, 48. (A) It can be formed into many shapes, (B) It can be used te conduct electricity. 50 (A) People experiment with new uses of (C) Ht cam be easily mined, gold (D) Ii doesn’t tarnish oF corde (B) More poitery, jewelry, medicine and religious objects are produced (C) Many people move to the area to look for gold and new development occurs (D) Gold becomes readily available, and it is no longer considered valuable 2 B&O} @ © . Do NOT read or work on any other section of the test ‘The supervisor will tell you wiren to begin work on Secti This is the end of Section 1 Stop work on Section 1. 2DIAGNOSTIC TEST SECTION 2 PART A The cheetah which is land animal has been hunted almost to extinction, (A) fastest in the world (B) the world's fastest (C) the faster world (D) and the world’s fastest Aitwugh findings are inconclusive, dat new solar systems are currently evolving around a number of stars in the umiverse. (A) it ie evidence (B) the evidence (C) there are evidently «D) there is evidence: ina home where two languages are spoken are often not anly bilingual but also bicultural (A) Children raised 4B) To raise children (©) Raising children KD) Raising of children ‘Changes in body organs during the first year of life affect a baby's readiness solid foods (A) accepting (B) who accept (C) accepted (D) to accept ‘After American athletes have participated in Olympic events as amateurs ___. professional (A) and often become {B) often then become (C) they often become (D) often become16. 21 0 29. 33 36 DIAGNOSTIC TEST SECTION 2 PART B In nature, cats are nocturnal animals; that is, its most active period of the day is at night Although their larvae can take over a sear to mature, some vanes of adult mosqun live only a lite days, . . In the 1950's, Americans finally. recovered a sense of tell confidence that they binde'texperencng sinc before the stock market crash of 1929, Many pavata business firms have been sxzresed an inerect in using mechanical robots “tecary out. thet more mechanical asks us The triggers, equipped with fourteen tooth and tough skin, can assault the sea urchin and ich i i ai a . owe syndrome is «genetic disorder that afMicts about one out of every 800 infancies om in the United States . + = ‘The Chinese has settled along the west coast of North America in large numbers, establishing thoi sizatle comers frat Vancenvar ts Lat Angas . Assimulend the atl literature ofthe United States, one must know its history as wel Befoce and during the Civil War, abolitionists long the border between North and South hided fugitive inves . . ° ‘The wings of many butterflins and moths are makes! with colors that form a hourglass patter 8 sc D ‘This is the end of Section 2. Il you linish betore time is ealled, check your work on Section 2 only. @ee2EOC8e The supervisor will tell you when to begin work on Section 3.AAAAAAA DIAGNOSTIC TES PARTA ‘Questions 1-9 Lune a a9) Im recent years evidence thas accumulated that polyunsaturated fatty acids function in protecting humans and same laboratory animals frou diseases of the ‘arteries and heart such ag atherosclerosis. In this discase, small patches of farty material, composed mostly ef cholesterol, form on the mside lining of the arteries. As the deposits morcase in thickness, they may cut down on the blood flow to the onans supplied by the arteries until the structures are severcly damaged. If this occurs in a branch of the coronary artery supplying, the heart muscle, that portion of the muscle disc, and the perscn experiences a painful and sometimes fatal heart attack. Another danger of atherosclerosis is that pistes of the fatty deposits may break free and travel inthe bloodstream until they lodge inssmall vessels, and block the flaw of blaod, This blockage may also cause heart damage, or if it occurs in the bra 1. What dos this passage mainly discuss? (A) Atherosclerosis (B) Fats (C) Cholesterol (D) Heart damage 2. The word “accumulated” in Line | is closest in meaning to (A) acoeterated (B) accrued (C) circulated (D) dismissed 3. The author of the passage describes atherosclerosis as (A) a reaction to polyunsaturated farny acids (B) a disease causing heart damage (C) a blond disease ¢D) a heart attack 4. The word “deposits” in line 5 refers to (A) inside lining of the arteries (B) organs supplied by the arteries {C) small patches of fatty material {D) polyunsaturated farty acids 5, According to the passage, the parts ofthe body most directly affected by cholesterol thuildup are (A) the brain cells (B) the major organs (C) the arteries (D) the muscles in, may damage brain cells and lead to a stroke 6. ‘The word “this” i line “7” refers to all of the following EXCEPT (A) the size of the deposits increases (B) blood flow to the organs is restricted (C) fatty material dissolves (D) organs supplied by the arteries are badly damaged 7, According tothe passage, atherosclerosis may cause all of the following EXCEPT (A) astroke (B) aheast attack (C) blockage of the arteries (D) cholesterol breakdown 8. The pronoun “it” in line 12 refers to (A) heart damage (B) the flow of blood (C) a blockage (D) a stroke 9. "The word “lodge” in line 10 is closest in ‘meaning to (A) stick (By retum KC) penetrate (©) dissolve 2»AAAAAAA DIAGNOSTIC TEST SECTION 3 PART B-1 Questions 10-20 [Although most grain crops have light dry pollen and are wind-pollinated, the pollen of other plants including legumes, fruits, and many flowers and vegetables 4s moist and sticky. It cannot travel on air currents and must be transferred from Line another to stigma by extemal agents. This process is known as crost-pollination. 0S) _Crass-pollination allows plants to evolve and to adapt to changing environments ‘Crose-pellination is accomplished mainly by insects and, among pollinators, the honeybée reigns supreme, Bees collect nectar and pollen from flowers to use as food and unwittingly transfer pollen from flower to flower as they go about their work 0) [A boe’s body is ideally adapted to carry pollen. Its body and legs are covered with stiff, branched hairs, which atch and hold pollen grains. The hind legs are quipped with pollen baskets that are concave areas of the hind leg edged with ong, carving hairs, In these baskets, tne worker boe deposits pollen and carries i back to the hive where it serves as a major food source for the young brood. a9) ‘As hoes are busy gathering pollen, their bodies become almost entirely covered with sticky pollen grains. Field bees inadvertently trans er pollen from one flower to another as they make thea rounds For many plants, cross-pollination is essential, Some fruits, vegetables, and mut trees would be unable to set fruit or would have extremely poor yields without (20) the aid for bees or other pollinators Experiments have proved that plants exposed to bees produce far greater yields than those wihich are not visited by eolonies of bees. Apple orchards are a ood example, Most apple growers rent bee colonies in early May to guarantee cross-pollination 10. What is the topic of this passage” 13. According tothe passage, eross-palli- (A) A description of bees nation may occur i all of the following: (B} Types of pollen planis EXCEPT (€) Cross-pollination by bees (A) legumes {D) Sources of pollen (B) grain crops (C) fits 1. The word “Ke in line 3 refers to {D) flowers (A) light, dry pollen {B) a kind of flower (C) moist, sticky pollen (D) an external agent 12. The phrase “This process” in line 4 refers 0 (A) the transfer of pollen by external agents (B) the transfer of pollen by wind (C) the contrast of two types ef pollen (D) the production of moist, sticky pollen 14, The phrase “reigns supreme” in line 7 15 closest in meaning to 4A) lives the longest (B) isthe largest (C) does the best job (D) is the most numerous pollmating insect 30AAAAAAA DIAGNOSTIC TEST SECTION 3 PART B-2 15, According to the passage, why do bees collect pollen? (A) For use as food (B) Asa complement to nectar {C) To help plants evolve and change {D) To cover their bodies 16. Wo can infer from the passage that bees are well suited to collecting pollen because of (A) their attraction to flowers (B) their ability to fly {C) the stmucture of their bodies AD) their ability to work hard 17. ‘The word “edged” in line 12 is closest in ‘meaning to (A) hidden (B) bordered (C) decorated (D) protected 18. The passage support all of the following statements EXCEPT (A) pollen is a source of food for bees (B) cross-pollinstion will occur if bees are in an area (C) cross-pollmation is necessary for some plants to produce fiat (D) bees intentionally eross-pollinate plants 19, The word “yields” in line 19 and line 22 ss closest in meaning to (Ay blossoms (B) production (C) growth (D) flavor 20, Why-daes the author mention apple orchards in paragraph six? {A} To support the value of bees in cross-pollination (B) To cantrast bees’ work with fruit trees and flower gardens (C) To describe a commercial use of bees (D) To show that bees work hard 31AAAAAAA DIAGNOSTIC TEST SECTION 3 PART C-1 ‘Questions 21-29 “The trail west lasted long indeed. From the Missouri River to the West Const it ran 2,000-odd zigzag miles, with constant detours for pasture or water. But the distance in miles mattered less than the distance in time, It usually took Line ‘about four and a half months to reach the Far West, and the trip became 2 race 0 against the seasons, in which sure timing made the difference between success and failure Late April or early May was the best time to get rolling, though the departure date had to be calculated with care, Ifa wagon train started too early in the spring, there would not be enough grass on the prairie to graze the livestock (10) Then animals: would start to be sicken, slowing up the train and causing alterations of schedule that might bring trouble later. On the other hand, a train that pushed ‘off after other trains were already on the trail found campsites marked by trampled grass and fouled water holes. Worse still, an emigrant company that allied too long could get trapped at the far end of the journey by carly winter (15) blizzards in the coastal mountains, Obviously it was important to get to the departure point on the Missouri atthe right moment, and keep pretty chose to schedule 21. What is the main point the author makes in the passage? (A) The trail West was very long. (B) The spring was the best time to leave for the West. (C) Early winter blizzards caused travelers problems {D) The timing of the departure was extremely important of the trip West. 22. The word “detours” inline 2 is closest in meaning ro (A) changes in the route (By stops (C) backtracking (D) signposts 23, ‘We can infor all of the following from the passage about the raute to the West EXCEPT that (A) at was not direct (B) it included many stops (C) it requited careful planning (D) it was a short, easy trip 24. According to the passage, all of the following were possible problems fxr those who departed late EXCEPT (A) winter snow storms in the mountains (B) spaited campsites (C) unusable water holes: (D) losing the wayAAAAAAA DIAGNOSTIC TEST SECTION 3 PART C-2 25. According to the passage, schedule of thote who departed early might need to be changed because of (A) bad weather (B) poor campsites (C) lack of pasture for the animals (D) broken wagons 26. The word “fouled” in line 13 is closest n meaning, to (A) empty (B) frozen (C) forgseten (D) polluted 27. We ean infor from the passage that travelers Wanted (@ reach their destinations (A) by fall (B) by mid-summer (C) by late spring (D) during the winter 28, According to the passage, the wagon trains departed from (A) the West Coast {B) somewhere along the Missouri River {C) the coastal mountamns {D) the prairie trail 20. ‘The word “dallied” in line 14 is closost in meaning to (a) traveled (B) stacked vp (C) delayed (D) grazedAAAAAAA DIAGNOSTIC TEST SECTION 3 PART DI Questions 40-50 “The elephant seal, an inhabitant ofthe Pacific waters off the coast of California, is as at home at depths of nearly a mile as it is on Iaad, Marine biologist Dr. Burney LLe Bouef reports that elephant seals dive as deep as 5,000 feet and stay submerged Line for aslong as two hours, and that they make these dives regularly. How do- these (3) animals stay submerged for so long? And why do they dive so relentlessly? “Answers ta these questions are slowly emerging from data acquired through new ‘underwater technology and through experiments with video equipment fitted ante the elephant seals. during their dives. : Elephant seals do nat rely on oxygen from the lungs to sustain them during lon (10) dives (as diving birds and turtles do), Le Boeuf explains. Rather, the oxygen is stored in blood and muscle. The lungs of the smaller Weddell seals (also deep sea divers) actually collapse from 30 to 40 meters on the way down and reinflate at ‘the tame level on the ascent. Biologists believe this also happens im elephant seals ‘When they dive decp, marine mammals bring down vast auxiliary supply of (75) oxygen in their blood, That ic possible, according to Le Boeut, besause blood ‘constitutes as mauich as 20 percent oftheir body weight in comparison with only 7 percent in humans. What's more, research by Jesper Quist of Herley Hespatal in Copenhagen suggests that the splcen of Weddell seals may double asa scuba tank. ‘According to this theory, the organ serves aé a reservoir of oxygen-rich red blood (20) cells which, under pressure, are squeezed into the circulatory system, Qvist and collaborators discovered that the organ is abnormally large in Weddell seals, equaled ‘only in southem elephant seals, The idea is not unprecedented: mcchorses also use the spleen to shunt oxygen-rich cells mto cireulation during exertion. Adding to the seals” reserve, a molecale known as myoglobin enables them ta store oxygen 25) in their muscles, “Though masters at hoarding oxygen for their submarine plunges, aquatic marnmals cannot carry down an infinite supply. Consequently these animals conserve oxygen by lowering their metabolic rate. At Long Marine Labs, where Le Boeuf's team docs most of its indoor work, 8 sophisticated new probe measures (30) how deep the seals go, it also tracks their swim velocity, heart rate and body ‘emperanur. ‘La Boeuf's imstraments have documented a number of startling changes in metabolism during diving, Elephant seals lower theie temporature by fram 5 to 6 degrees Fahrenheit before long dives. At depth, they shut off circulation to the (35) kidneys, stomach, and other organs, conserving more oxygen. Meanwhile, theit heart rates stow from 120 beats per minute at the surface to as low as 6 per minute on the bottom, For brief spells, elephant seals have even been clocked at 2 beats per minute Tr addition, the elephant ceals never seem to sleep. Le Bosufs recorder revealed that clephant seals were diving continuously, 24 hours a day, week after week, for 03 much a cighht months at time, Researchers look to new camera éxquypmgnt to fnwer more questions about these mysterious mammals of the deep40, 4“ 2 a a4 4s. ‘What does the passage mainly discuss? (A) New aquatic video equipment. (B) The differences between Weddell seals and elephant seals (C) The advances in marine biology research {D) ‘The unusual abilities of elephant seals The phrase “at home” in line ? is closest in meaning to (A) friendly {B) comfortable 4C) attmctive (D) reliable ‘The word “sustain i line 9 is closest in meaning to (A) accompany (B) suppor (©) increase {D) release ‘The werd “auxiliary” in line 14 is closest in meaning to (A) rich (B) frivolous (C) reserve (D) heavy ‘The phrase “The idea” in tine 22 refers to (A) the behavior of racehorses: (B) the pressure of the water during a dive (C) the function of the spleen to conserve oxygen (D) the percentage of body weight blood makes up in the seals. “The information in paragraph 3 describes which of the following features of elephant seals? (A) Hows they conserve oxygen thyesigh metabolic changes (B) Why they dive so deep (C) Why they sleep so Httle {D) Their elation to Wedel seals a0 48, a9. PART D2 According to the passage, changes in metabolism of elephant seals during loop dives include all of the following features EXCEPT (A) deep sleep (B) lower body temperature (C) reduced heart rave (D) reduced circulation to major organs ‘The word “reservoir” in ling 19 is clocest in meaning to (a) storehouse (B) measure (©) producer (D) mcubater The passage mentions all of the following as factors that enable elephant seals to make long dives EXCEPT (A) having specially developed spleen (B) using oxygen from their lungs (C) lowering their metabolic rate (D) stenng oxygen in their blood and muscle We can infer fiom the passage that Weddell seals and elephant seals (A) have a similar physiology (B) are the came size {C) are fierce competitors {D) have extraordinary lung capacity According to the passage elephant soals steep (Ay sporadical (B) incessantly {C) almost never {D) on land 5