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    Coins of Denmark and Sweden The Unspoken Word

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    Coins of Denmark and Sweden The Unspoken Word

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF or read online from Scribd
    Flag for inappropriate content
    11 views5 pages

    Coins of Denmark Swedan

    Uploaded by

    Rodejong
    Coins of Denmark and Sweden The Unspoken Word

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF or read online from Scribd
    Flag for inappropriate content
    of 5
    eMC Sy of Denmark and Sweden Both Denmark and Sweden long have had warm relatos with their Jew- ish communities, especially evident inthe cooperation betwoon both nations during Woes iar I in Smuggling 7200 Danish Jews to Sweden. Few other than avid. numis ‘atiste are lily aware. that some of the eatly Danish and Swedish coms contain the Tetragrammaton, which i the Hebrew fourlettor name of God, Having long. been interested io a itfernt aspects of Jewish numismatics, | obverse of 148 siver 20'hiling plese shows th Kings these coins and finally had crowned monogram ~ be rae encosed bythe eter makes up the ive books ofthe Torah, the Prophets nal and the Whiting, museet, home tothe Royal Colston of Coins and Because ancient Hebrew was writen without ve Medals, and Stockholn’s National Museum, which rikudot (vowel marks), we are not really sure how "houses the Royal Coin Cabinet. these ancient words were pronounced. Only the a Priests of the ancient tomple knew God's correct Tetragrammaton fame and pronunciation and thay whispered toni) The Greek Word “tetragrammaton” means “four an Yom Kippur within te temple's Holy of Holes in ters, the presence of God, wit he Latin sts dex, 7 f. Modem Hebrew does not use vowel marks ands Which together means "The This fourletter combination appears exactly use today is generally confined to prayer books and Lordi arighieous judge” 5,410 tines inthe Tanakh, or O13 Testament, which aids for teachng Hebrew. Because, as in ancient The Tetvagramma ton on all Danish ane contin vowel ‘mar, whieh can be ‘en on this 1044s ‘er Ema coin Spelling ofTetragrammaton andthe connected forma inthe Masoatie Hobrow text shows the ‘one! points ine crn times, Jews today never pronounce the four letters of the Tetragrammaton exactly, even when writen wth vowel marke, the. word “adonai” meaning Lord,” aid in its place, When ‘Christian serlbes translated the Torah from the Hebrew Masoretic text during the Middle Ages, they incorrectly translated the Tetragrammaton with the vowel marks as ether “Jehovah,” not knowing about the. prohibition of the pronunciation of these four letters, or a "Yahweh" from its approximate fourletter Eng lsh transliteration, YH ‘ery oft con auction catalogers include in thei sescipton for those Danish and Swedssh cons having the Tetragrammaton the specie mention of Jehovah or Yahweh, futher propagating ths eer. ‘On June 29, 2008, the Vatican's Congrogation for Divine Worship and the Sacraments ruled that the name of ether Yahweh or Jahovah “must not be Used or pronounced in songs and prayers during Catholic Masses." Ths ruling now nearly coincides withthe acitonal Jewish practice, Christian IV and Denmark's Jews The most famous of Denmark's early Kings was Cristian IV, wh reigned from 1603 ur 1648, He Rare silver 20-kilingptiern is dated 1644 et OO, ae re Pes sad had Mint master named Abort Dios 9 Seo Rare Jow'—one we ia descr fet Spa tra ropa flowin be ise Bacto Expo, theAhanbra Deen Tho warted Dios who was hig in Har bury wil 2 siccons poet ashes a tiene io haat he inh hecesad stove nowy seated 1617 the Ee Rye. Dis Seep gs ea as ppd He maser ot fg ‘On 22 162, na parape atin suggestion ff of Danis tn rates Sephardic wa ef Portuguese Nation ss they were kecan: rom Ea fetter and Fans to Dorman” Nee Set Cliche! cave ecarorcaly compte WS) wit Ramberg: he Darah lp proriecs Sons Sernolte reigins roodom, ar alowed them fo Sen’ popes ad fo Pracice terrors Rig tee ita wan, test ett oy to Segharte Jews tha s6808 Awad Jos revo for ine Fhivland and ease Eure = wot oo ported oy o Danae he Daneh monetary sfetem fom fe 18h oho cary tom cata contd the pening, eng tar an Gat wele penning equal sting ‘onus one 18 ‘tee obverse of 1500 hal dale of Duke Kae (Chases) ‘of Sweden shows the ‘round coat at ams be tween tho éate wile the reverse hs the Tevagram= maton within a corona, ‘This ster 2-mac eon dats from 1646. ° ‘iver 16011 daler depicts Duke Kar of Sweden above the crowned cna of am. This 1609 siver mark pioce of Kat IX of Sweden home the Telapran maton within 3 earona sbove 3 crowned and armored all-fgure of the king holding a ‘Sword anda shield with {he coat of arms ofthe King of Sweden of the Nouse ot Vasa ‘on the ab- Kat of Sweden| versa 2 1606 silver" 20-mark fain of Karl Dat ‘Swoden shows the Tetragrammaton within’ a corona Sbove 2 toueate ing in armor hang a sword and ob ‘41605 2-mark con of Karl kof Sweden shows the coat of ams, Contined tom page 185 1 mark equaled 16 skiing and 12 mark equaled 1 cuca “The frst Danish coins bearing the Tetragrarnmaton wore minted in 1644, These coins were 4 skling, ‘mark, 20 skiing, and 2 mark, all of which were composed of 0.509 fine sive, except the 4-sil- ing cain, which was made of 0.250 fine sive in Adlon, hal, 1- and 2-ducat coins (all composed {9f 0.979 fine gold) wer also minted with the 1688 ‘ate. The quarter-ducat coins (also 0.879 fe gold) ‘only bear the 166 date and ware minted in Copen- agen. However, not al cons were minted in Copenha- gen. All Tomar coins, 1648 through 1687 Incli= ve, were minted in Christiania, since renamed Oslo, while. I-ducat cons swith the. 1644, 1645 and. 1646 ‘dates were sirvck at Glvckstadt (naw in Germany), nome of Denmark's first Sephardic I ews who wore known as I) Uiteator or Hebrews.” Mint records show that t-ducat Going with the 1644, 1645, Banc 1642 dates were also PP struck at Copenhagen. itis not clear wy Christan IV chose the Tetragrammaton tobe a prominent element an the coins during the last four years of his reign. Perans it was due in part ‘ne revrse shows the SS ‘bverse o 1608 siver1-ark con of Kat Xo Sweden shows the Tetras: Swedish crowned coat of ton within a corona above a erowned and sored hal-igureof te King hoding arms, surrounded by 15 small and 14 Fis seaptr ander. The reverse shows the crowed shield of Swoden, diding the large coatsofarms ofthe Swedish counties. at, with tho Vasa shoa in the conto $9856 WORD sey 3.201 This 160 maroon of Kart ko Sede sim ‘coin esved wen be wae eke. ‘ic IV of Sweden pany vet yo Sate in goign tho Tle Contned fom page 186 tothe influence of his Jewish Mint master, Another hypothesis allows the lagend that the king consi. fed the Habrow lettre some sort of talaman or ‘00d luck symbol that was instrumental in helping Fim dofeat Sweden inthe two-year Kalmar War, ‘which ended in 1612. ‘After his vitor, the king ordered thatthe Tere ‘grammaton be carved prominently. onto. various Churches and puble buldings constucted during Fis reign. The inscription is stil visble on many (of these buildings, such as the Round Tower in CCopennagen's Latin Quarter, bultin 1637 onginaly a an observatory “Te coins of Christian 1V having the Tetragrarnma: ton were not minted avery year between 1644 and 1648 for each denomination, but atleast 26 known combinations of dates. denominations, Mints and ‘ie varcios are known, “The central design forthe obverse forthe siver coins is dominated by the king's crowned mono: ‘gram - the number 4 enclosed by the letter C, For the gold ducats of all denominations, the obverse shows the king wearing @ crown and holding Scepter and orb as fis symbols of power “Tne reverss forall danominations i the same, In the centers the Tetagrammaton with vowel marks. ‘Above and below fis the Latin: ste uae, When combined withthe Tetragrammaton, it wanslates as: The Lord is a righteous judge." Coincident, his vitualy identical othe equiv alent Hebrew pias, "da'yan ha’emet” (God, ‘who is a righteous [or true} judge"), which are the ‘sweden’s rst gold co, the unayersk aye, minted in 1568, dit laureate face of ic XIV on the obverse and the Tetaprammaton on the overs. 99260" WOH, Janay 3.2011 Cbvers of alate (1606) 20-mark coin of Kat IX of Sweden shows ‘he Tetagrammaton win a corona above a erowned king in rar holding a sword and or. last words ofthe “rending of the garment” blessing Said by the mourer at a Jewish funeral Sweden's Jews Luke Denmark, Sweden also developed a close ralationship with the Jews, but at alator period. And ke many areas thoughout Europe, there were also dark poriods in is treatment of Jos. From 1718 to 1772 during what was termed the “Age of Liberty." decrees were issued against Jews and no Jews were alowed in Sweden, TR was not unt 1774 that the frst Jew, Aaron Isaac, was alowed into the county. in 1878 the ‘Swedish Parliament granted Swedish Jews ful cil ‘ights. Despite the granting ofthese civil liberties, Swedish law, tke the laws of Netherlands, today prohibits ritual slaughter of animals for food. Thus. Ralal meat for Mosims and Kosher moat for Jows ‘Rust be imported from Denmark Sweden's first gold coin “The frst appoarance ofthe Tetragrarmmaton on @ ‘Swedish con was in 1568, some 76 years before those of Denmark. It appeared on Sweden's frst {0d coin, the ungyersk gylen (‘Hungarian gold. ‘Ata gold content of more than 23 karat (24 karats is pur) this was tobe a version of the Dutch gui- der and only 5,082 coins were struck. The obverse has the laureate image of Exc XIV, who ruled from 1560 to 1588, Tho reverse has the Tetragrammaton vith vowel marks, which ste fist word in Hebrew ftom Ere’ Latin mott: “Deus dat cu vu” "God les to whom He wils." The motto aludes tothe fact hat Exc was Sweden's fret hereltary king and that he received his succession trom God and nat by election at the Stones of Mora as did the Swed Ish kings before him. Besides Eric XIV, other coins having the Tetra- tgremmaton vere struc during the raigne of tee ‘ther monarchs: Ka Ix (Anglcized to Charles) with known dates from 1589 to 1609 as duke, and as king ftom 1604 to 1611; Gustav ll Adoiph perhaps the grestest of all Swedish Kinga, known 35 the "Lion ‘of the North,” from 1615 to 1626; and Jon, ‘uke of Ostergotiand, rom 1613 to 1626. Like his ‘older brother Erie XIV. Kars Latin royal otto also Includeda reference to Jehovah: "Jehovah solatium ‘eum ~ "In God I Trust During this pariod, the Swedish monetary systom was composed of the &re, mark (equal to 8 &e) dale (a forerunner tothe U.S. dolar and equal to 32 Gre) and the rksdalr (equal io 98 6x) ‘eco Obverse of a 1618 2-mark aim of Gustav It Adoiph sot Sweden shows. the Tetragrammaton on the. obverse within (Gusta of Sweden ‘More than 66 known combinations of dates, enominations, Mints, de vafties and rulers with the Tetragrammaion are known, incucing: half and 2 Ore: hat 1,2, 4, 6, 8 and 10 mark; halt and dale and alr. While most coins ‘GUSTAVUS VASA wore mintedin Stockholm, others were minted at ti Goteborg, Vadstena and Soderkoping,

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