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Bios-256 2023 Final Exam Questions With Answers Due October 20TH (A+graded)
Bios-256 2023 Final Exam Questions With Answers Due October 20TH (A+graded)
2 Conical structures that are located in the renal medulla are called
A pyramids
B renal columns
C renal pelvises
D nephrons
E calyces
4 The cells of the macula densa and the juxtaglomerular cells form the
A renal corpuscle
B filtration membrane
C loop of Henle
D juxtaglomerular apparatus
E afferent arteriole
5 A glomerulus is
A the expanded end of a nephron
B a knot of capillaries that lies within the renal corpuscle
C the portion of the nephron closest to the renal corpuscle
D the portion of the nephron that attaches to the collecting duct
E the horseshoe-shaped segment of the nephron
6 The following is a list of the blood vessels that carry blood to the kidney.
1. afferent arteriole
2. arcuate artery
3. interlobar artery
4. renal artery
5. glomerulus
6. interlobular artery
7. efferent arteriole
8. peritubular capillary
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The proper order in which blood passes through these vessels is
A 4, 6, 2, 3, 1, 5, 7, 8
B 4, 3, 2, 6, 1, 5, 7, 8
C 4, 3, 2, 6, 7, 5, 1, 8
D 4, 6, 2, 3, 7, 5, 1, 8
E 4, 3, 6, 2, 1, 5, 7, 8
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8 The mechanisms for maintaining the solute concentration gradient in the renal medulla require
A active transport of sodium and chloride ions from the ascending limb of the loop of Henle
B active transport of sodium and chloride ions from the ascending limb of the vasa recta
C the ascending limb of the loop of Henle to be permeable to water
D the vasa recta to be impermeable to water
E both A and B
14 Which hormone plays a role in determining the rate of sodium absorption and potassium loss?
A ADH
B aldosterone
C ANP
D BNP
E natriuretic peptide
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15 You are caring for a patient who has been vomiting and having diarrhea for the past five days. You suspect that his electrolyte levels
are
A normal
B elevated
C the same as upon admission
D decreased
E noncritical
16 Which hormone affects the osmotic concentration of urine without affecting any ion levels?
A ADH
B aldosterone
C ANP
D BNP
E natriuretic peptide
17 The most common problems with electrolyte balance are caused by an imbalance between gains and losses of
A calcium ions
B chlorine ions
C potassium ions
D sodium ions
E magnesium ions
18 The higher the plasma concentration of aldosterone, the more efficiently the kidney will
A conserve sodium ions
B retain potassium ions
C stimulate urinary water loss
D secrete greater amounts of ADH
E all of the above
B potassium
C calcium
D magnesium
E chloride
23 When water is lost, but electrolytes are retained
A the osmolarity of the ECF falls
B osmosis moves water from the ICF to the ECF
C both the ECF and the ICF become more dilute
D there is an increase in the volume of the ICF
E both A and D
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C decrease thirst
D cause hypotension
E activate the renin-angiotensin mechanism
25 Aldosterone
A is secreted in response to elevated levels of sodium in the blood
B promotes sodium retention in the kidneys
C helps decrease blood volume
D increases the concentration of sodium in urine
E functions in pH regulation
30 Each of the following statements concerning chloride ions is true, except that
A chloride ions are the most abundant anions in the ECF
B chloride ion concentrations in the ICF are usually low
C chloride ions are absorbed along the digestive tract in the company of sodium ions
D large amounts of chloride ions are lost each day in the urine
E chloride ions are lost in perspiration
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38 A person who chronically consumes large amounts of antacids to settle an upset stomach may risk
A respiratory acidosis
B respiratory alkalosis
C metabolic acidosis
D metabolic alkalosis
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40 A acid is an acid that can leave solution and enter the atmosphere
A fixed
B organic
C volatile
D level
E short
42 Projections of the tunica albuginea, known as septae, divide the testis into
A seminiferous tubules
B straight tubules
C lobules
D interstitial areas
E the tunica albuginea and the testis proper
43 Straight tubules originate at the seminiferous tubules and form a maze of passageways called the
A epididymis
B ductus deferens
C rete testis
D efferent ducts
E ejaculatory ducts
46 The sustentacular cells of the seminiferous tubules do all of the following, except that they
A maintain the blood–testis barrier
B support spermiogenesis
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C secrete inhibin
D secrete testosterone
E secrete androgen-binding protein
47 Sperm production occurs in the
A ductus deferens
B seminiferous tubules
C epididymis
D seminal vesicles
E rete testis
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D spermatids
E spermatozoa
50 The cells that are formed at the end of meiosis are called
A spermatogonia
B primary spermatocytes
C secondary spermatocytes
D spermatids
E spermatozoa
53 The structure that carries sperm from the seminal vesicle to the urethra is the
A ductus deferens
B epididymis
C seminal vesicle
D ejaculatory duct
E corpus cavernosum
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54 The tubular structure that produces a secretion that contains fructose, prostaglandins, and fibrinogen is the
A prostate gland
B bulbourethral gland
C seminal vesicle
D corpus cavernosum
E preputial gland
55 The structure that surrounds the urethra and produces an alkaline secretion is the
A seminal vesicle
B bulbourethral gland
C prostate gland
D preputial gland
E Bartholin’s gland
A spermatozoons
B seminal fluid
C prostaglandins
D fructose
E enzymes
58 The portion of the penis that surrounds the external urethral meatus is the
A prepuce
B glans
C corpus spongiosum
D corpus cavernosum
E corona glandis
61 The pituitary hormone that stimulates the interstitial cells to secrete testosterone is
A FSH
B LH
C ACTH
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D ADH
E GH
63 The organ that provides mechanical protection and nutritional support for the developing embryo is the
A vagina
B uterine tube
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C ovary
D uterus
E cervix
67 The surge in luteinizing hormone that occurs during the middle of the ovarian cycle triggers
A follicle maturation
B menstruation
C ovulation
D menopause
E atresia
68 A rise in the blood levels of follicle-stimulating hormone at the beginning of the ovarian cycle is responsible for
A follicle maturation
B menstruation
C ovulation
D menopause
E atresia
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74 The clitoris is
A a thin epithelial fold that partially or completely blocks the entrance to the vagina
B a fleshy fold that encircles the vestibule
C a mound of fat that is superior to the pubis
D a mass of erectile tissue located at the anterior margin of the labia minora
E a shallow recess that surrounds the cervical portion of the vagina
80 The is the inferior portion of the uterus that extends from the isthmus to the vagina
A body
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B cervix
C fundus
D myometrium
E internal os
82 Which muscle draws the scrotal sac close to the body to control scrotal temperature?
A dartos
B inguinal
C cremaster
D ductus
E parietal
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B primary
C first
D secondary
E third
E hypophysis
91 The solid ball of cells that is formed after several rounds of cell division following fertilization is called a
A chorion
B blastula
C gastrula
D morula
E blastocyst
92 The hormone that increases the flexibility of the symphysis pubis and causes dilation of the cervix during pregnancy is
A luteinizing hormone (LH).
B progesterone
C human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG).
D human placental lactogen (hPL).
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E relaxin
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