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Building Management System

Article · August 2012

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Waqar Tariq Abid Mustafa

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ASIAN JOURNAL OF ENGINEERING, SCIENCES & TECHNOLOGY, VOL. 2, ISSUE 2. SEPTEMBER 2012

Building Management System for

IQRA University
Waqar Tariq, Abid Mustafa, Zahid Rasool, S.M.Haseeb, S.Mubarak Ali, Ashad Mustafa†, Shujat Khan, Saad
Irfan Warsi

Abstract— In the world of today, a major change in technology

can be seen as an advantage, a number of different fields from
industrial & communication to household application can be
automatically controlled. This paper presents a building
management system (BMS) that has been designed for Iqra
University using AT89C52, which is the key module in order to
perform the controlling and automation. The main area of this
BMS focuses on switching and controlling of the power
input/output, beside this security and HVAC process has also
kept as a main concern in this system.
Index Terms—AT89C52, BMS, and HVAC

I. INTRODUCTION
In this era, where energy management is the concern of
everyone, the buildings are being constructed in a manner to
provide maximum comfort and ease to the people with
minimum energy utilization. This whole thing is only possible
with the help of controlling devices that are to be installed in a
building during construction. This controlling can be of any
type, from simple switching on and off of the lights, to water
motor control and many more. Therefore main idea of
designing this system is to automate these operations of the
plant in most resourceful manner [1-3]
Besides controlling, security factor has also been kept in
concern with password protection. Cameras, fire alarms
systems, main gate security and main gate barrier automation
has been kept at priority in this system. Another features
which is required in a multiple story building is elevator,
which can also been found in our system.
A BMS example system shown in figure 1 is a
computerized system that analyses the specific necessities of a
particular building by controlling the associated plant installed
in it and helps save the energy [5]. The devices installed
outside the buildings are connected with panels which can be
switch on or off over different sets of instructions.
The working of BMS is totally based on the input in a form
of information by the devices such as sensors, once the
information is collected it can be processed with the help of
controller that will further instruct the system to perform a
specific task, in this BMS, switching on and off of the plant
can be controlled in the same manner, plant can be set to a
respective temperature in order to provide heating and cooling
with respect to the temperature outside the building. [2]
†The authors are associated with Iqra University Engineering Project Lab.
Corresponding author: sashad@iqra.edu.pk.
Figure 1 Building Management System [8]
Building
Management
System
Automation &
Optimization Monitoring Controlling
Figure 2 Functions of basic Building Management System
A. Background:
Building Management system have been introduced to this
world in 1970, initially it was started with very limited
features but within time a lot of changes and modifications
had been made, started with the controlling of power and
lightening to heating and cooling of a building together with
the alarm system as a further modification in order to provide
maximum security. Intrusions can be easily monitored with
the help of closed circuit television CCTV [9].
B. Characteristics
Building Management System is based on the controlling of
temperature, humidity and carbon dioxide inside the building,
basic functions of BMS can be seen in figure 2 the priority is
given to maintain a specific temperature in a building by
controlling the heating and cooling, which is done by
operations of fan, ventilation and damper. Beside this
minimization of carbon dioxide followed by increase in
oxygen has also been kept as an important feature.

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ASIAN JOURNAL OF ENGINEERING, SCIENCES & TECHNOLOGY, VOL. 2, ISSUE 2.
This building management system is mainly designed to
manage and supervise the following activities:
1. Electrical Distribution Panels
2. Lighting Control
3. Air Conditioning System
4. Fire Alarm & Fire Fighting
5. Public Address
6. CCTV System Monitoring
7. Elevators
8. Access Control, Parking Access, Intrusion Detection
9. PABX
10. UPS
11. Water Consumption
Some of the major advantages of this system include good
control of internal comfort conditions, possibility of individual
room control, effective monitoring and targeting of energy
consumption, improved plant reliability and life, save time and
money during the maintenance, control Of building, central or
remote control and monitoring of building, remote Monitoring
of the plants (such as AHU, Fire pumps, plumbing pumps,
Electrical supply, STP, WTP etc.)
II. METHODOLOGY AND PROCEDURE
The project consists of hardware (Prototype with
mechanical and electrical components) intended to exhibit a
complete management system of a building manifested in
dummy building model, For this purpose we chose Iqra
University’s main campus model. The building was
completely made up of steel, a 5X6 steel sheet is used to
model and a DC motor is interfaced with the microcontroller.
The design of entire Building defined the complete aspects of
a Building Management System.
Figure 3 Complete Prototype with BMS
107
SEPTEMBER 2012
The electronic circuit of microcontrollers, power supplies
sensors and R.F. modules, can be glimpsed in the attached
figures other components may be considered as secondary for
counter a computer is setup to view the orders coming from
the table, software implemented for monitoring i.e. visual
basic.
A. Design Phase
The first and initial step is to build a model to apply the
building management system. The building of Iqra
University’s main campus was selected (see figure 3) and a
prototype made up of metal sheets was designed. The model
measurement is 5*6 Feet.
The prototype consist of 20 metal sheets latter connected to
each other to form a complete three story large building with
56 windows, gates, lifts, corridors, walk trough gates, main
entrance with barriers. The Building was designed in 20 pieces
the electronic components can be mounted easily and enable
smooth movement, transportation and placement of building.
The building was sprayed painted in the last phase of model
designing.
B. Implementation Phase
The Building structure is equipped with electronic circuits,
power supplies, controller, sensors, and DC motors. To
eliminate the possibilities of hardware damage everything is
needed to be secured in their right places.
C. Testing Phase
Testing of this project has been made after every single
modification made; this project is composed of different area,
tested individually and brought together to make a complete
system.
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ASIAN JOURNAL OF ENGINEERING, SCIENCES & TECHNOLOGY, VOL. 2, ISSUE 2. SEPTEMBER 2012

III. HARDWARE DESIGN

The Hardware of this Building Management System has
been designed in such a manner that can carry out all the
operations and instructions discussed in the paper.
A. Structural Design
The structure of the building is separated into different
groups which are based on the requirements, the base, is made
up of strong and heavy metal in order to support to the
structure of the heavy metallic building.
The DC motor installed should be capable enough to
produce power with the aim of carrying the entire weight of
Elevators. Figure 4 depicts the card, parking barriers and
digital gate locker.
Figure 5 Light Switches
B. Mechanical Consideration
Mechanics is one of the important aspects to be considered
as majority of the system has components completely based on
mechanical implementations.

Figure 4 Enterance gate digital lock and card parking

barriers
C. Electronic Components
Microcontroller has been used, as it has the mail role in this
system in order to control the devices connected, beside
controller transistor has also been used in order to control
switching the connection between the two has been made by
connecting the base of a transistor to the controller’s output
pin, this makes the switching easy. Controller usually needs
5V dc in order to operate therefore for that a regulate IC 7805
has also been installed in order to provide fix 5v dc output.
LED’s and LCD has been kept in this system in order to
perform their respective tasks, such as LED’s are used to show
illumination of each room together with its controlling from
main supply. Whereas for Security processing and Passwords
LCD has been used.
MAX232 has been used for counter receiver circuit to as a
level converter. Since RS-232 is not compatible for TTL logic
circuits therefore we have used this MAX232 IC to convert
the signal into TTL logic [6]. Two 12V dc electromechanical
relay of 12Vdc have been used by in the motor driver circuit
as a switch.
.

Figure 6 BMS Circuit PCB1

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ASIAN JOURNAL OF ENGINEERING, SCIENCES & TECHNOLOGY, VOL. 2, ISSUE 2. SEPTEMBER 2012

Buzzer is used; it’s a simple transducer which is capable

enough of converting the electrical signals into sound. It is
switched on as soon as any intrusion takes place, for example
if a sensor detects fire, controller will immediately send a
signal to buzzer.
The communication between the system and computer has
been possible by using RS-232 protocol which basically
transmits and receives data serially. DC gear motors have also
been installed in order to drive the elevators and motors via
controller. Switches of building a light is shown in figure 5.

IV. CONCLUSION
In this paper a Building Management System (BMS), is
introduced, that is able to provide comfortable working
environment in an efficient way [3]. AT80C52 is the core
component used on every part of the project, elevators, gates,
barriers, and the BMS itself. Mechanical design was
incorporated as prototype needs proper shape and to make it
look pleasant [7].

ACKNOWLEDGMENT
The authors would like to acknowledge the support of Iqra
University for providing technical research environment.

REFERENCES
[1] Swarnalatha P, “Building Management System Using Windows
Communication Foundation And XAML” International Journal of
Engineering and Technology Vol.3 (2), 2011, 95-99
[2] Ler, Eng Loo, “Intelligent Building Automation System”. Faculty of
Engineering and Surveying
[3] Byron A. Ellis, Building Automation Systems. THE JETHRO
PROJECT
[4] Hamid Reza Naji, “Intelligent Building Management Systems using
Multi Agents: Fuzzy Approach” International Journal of Computer
Applications (0975 – 8887) Volume 14– No.6, February 2011.
[5] “Lighting control saves money and makes sense". Daintree Networks.
http://www.daintree.net/downloads/whitepapers/smart-lighting.pdf.
Retrieved 2009-06-19
[6] Texas Instruments “Dual EIA-232 Drivers/Recivers MAX 232”,
http://www.ti.com/lit/ds/symlink/max232.pdf
[7] Atmel, “8-bit Microcontroller with 8K Bytes Flash AT89C52”
http://www.atmel.com/Images/doc0313.pdf
[8] Dr. CHAN Lok Shun Apple “Building Management System”
http://personal.cityu.edu.hk/~bsapplec/building.htm
[9] Technical Facilities Solutions “Building Management Systems”
http://www.tfsmanagement.com/Building-Management-Systems.php

Figure 7 BMS Circuit PCB2

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