 PRELIM ART-GEC REVIEWER
environment.
WEEK 2:
WHAT IS ART APPRECIATION?
Refers to the pursuit of knowledge and
understanding of the universal and timeless
qualities characterizing work of art. It involves
the analysis of the works based on acknowledge
elements of composition and principles of
design through which enjoyment of the
humanities enhanced.
WHAT IS HUMANITIES?
 Latin word “Humanus”, means refined
or cultured man.
 Humanities gives you general
knowledge and intellectual skills.
 Encompasses all studies which aim to
make students ‘humans’.
 Includes fine arts(painting, sculpture,
and architecture), performing
arts( music, dance, drama and opera)
and literary arts ( prose and poetry).
 Allow students to learn how to
appreciate the arts, to produce artworks,
to dignify artist and to value the true, the
food, and the beautiful.
BRANCHES OF HUMANITIES
 Art and music
 Literature
 Religious studies
 History
 Philosophy
MEANING AND IMPORTANCE OF ARTS
DEFINITION OF ARTS
 Art is derived from the Latin word “ars”
means ability or skill- J.V. Estolas
 Art is a product of man’s need to express
himself. -F. Zulueta
 Art is that which brings life in harmony
with the world. -Plat0
 Art is life that help us to realize the
truth. -Pablo Picasso
IMPORTANCE OF ARTS
 Art highlights and heightens the
importance of certain events in order to
keep them memorable and pleasurable.
 Art enable us to get glimpse of the
thought, feelings, and beliefs of the
people in their time and the faces of
 Art enable us to value and appreciate
beautiful things are a consequences of
our encounter with arts.
 Arts are valuable sources of inspiration
and aesthetic delightful experiences
through the artist work of arts.
 According to Swara Swami (May 31,
2016), Art is:
- Art improves your creativity skills
- Art gives you joy and satisfaction
- Art relieves stress
- Art gives you opportunities to showcase
your talent.
- Art helps you express your emotions
- Art is a different language because it can
express things without words .
PHILOSOPHY
Comes from the Greek word meaning
“love of wisdom”. It uses the tools of logic and
reason to analyze the ways in which humans
experiences the world.
ART HISTORY
It refers to the historical development
and stylistic context of the objects of arts that
includes the major and minor arts.
METHODS USED IN ART HISTORY
1. Art historians examine the work of art in
the context of its time within which it
was created.
2. Analyze the works of arts through the
analysis of their forms. Focused on the
use of line, shape, color, texture,
composition and other elements.
3. Also use critical theory in analyzing
objects of arts when dealing with the
more recent objects.
4. Application of media and digital
technology.
WHAT IS CREATIVITY &
IMAGINATION
 The use of imagination or original ideas,
especially in the production of an artistic
work.
 Is doing something meaningful with
your imagination.
 Is using imagination to unleash the
potential of existing ides in order to
create new and valuable ones.
 Is about seeing the impossible, or unreal.
  Is thinking of something- whether it is KEY CHARACTERISTICS OF
an object, place, time, etc., that’s not CONTEMPORARY VISUAL ARTS
present.
1. Diversity
2. Exploration of ideas
WEEK 3: 3. Multidisciplinary Approach
4. Conceptual art
BASIC ASSUMPTIONS, FUNCTIONS AND 5. Technology and Digital Art
NATURE OF ARTS 6. Global perspective
7. Individual expression

ARTS VISUAL ARTS INCLUDE THE

FOLLOWNG
 Comes from the ancient Latin word
“ars” a craft or specialized form of skill. 1. FINE ARTS- it refers to an art form
 Art is visual statement that represent the practiced mainly for its aesthetic value
world around you, communicates idea, and its beauty rather than in its
expresses a feeling or represents and functional value.
interesting design. 2. CONTEMPORARY ARTS- it is an art
made today by living artists. As such, it
 The expression or application of human
reflects the complex issues that shape
creative skills and imagination typically
our diverse, global, and rapidly
in a visual form such as painting or
changing world. Through their work,
sculpture, producing works to be
many contemporary artist explore
appreciated primarily for their beauty or
personal or cultural identity, offer
emotional power.
critiques of social and institutional
BASIC ASSUMPTION OF ARTS structures, or even attempt to redefine
art itself.
 Art involves experiences 3. DECORATIVE ARTS AND
 Art is not nature CRAFTS- art or crafts whose object is
 Art is cultural the design and manufacture of objects
 Art is a form of creation that are both beautiful and functional.
 Art is subjective 4. OTHER- wider definitions of visual art
sometimes include applied art areas such
NATURE OF ARTS
as graphic design, fashion design,
1. Art is a diverse range of human Interior design. Include tattoo art, face
activities. painting and body painting.
2. Art represents reality.
PHILOSOPHICAL PERSPECTIVE OF
3. Art is an expression.
ARTS
4. Art serves as a means of communication
of emotions. 1. Art as mimesis (Plato)
5. Art matters. - mimesis is derived from the Greek
6. Art is universal. word “mimos” meaning to imitate.
7. Art is creation. 2. Art as representation (Aristotle)
- nature is full of changes, but art can
FUNCTIONS OF ARTS
also search for what is everlasting.
 The personal function Aristotle thought of drama as being “ an
1. Form and function imitation of an action” and tragedy as “
2. Architecture falling from a higher lower state”.
3. Community planning 3. Art for art Sake (Kant)- the beautiful, for
4. Function and beauty Emmanuel Kant(1724-1804), is “that
 The social function chich without any concept is recognized
as the object of necessary satisfaction.
THE VISUAL ARTS
- A variety of forms that can be enjoyed THE SUBJECT OF ART
using the eyes. Unique expressions of
ideas, beliefs, experiences, and feeling REPRESENTATION OR OBJECTIVE
presented in well-designed visual forms. - It represent objects or events in the real
world, usually looking easily
 recognizable. It uses “form” and is
concerned with “what” is to be depicted
in the artwork.
NON-REPRESENTATIVE OR NON-
OBJECTIVE
- These are those arts without any
reference to anything outside itself
(without representation)
- It uses “content” and is concerned
“how” the artwork is depicted.
SOURCES OF SUBJECT ART
1. PRIMARY SOURCES- it provides
first hand testimony or direct evidence
concerning a topic under investigation.
It can also include autobiographies,
memoirs, and oral histories recorded
later.
2. SECONDARY SOURCES- interpret
and analyze primary sources. In includes
pictures, quotes or graphics of primary
sources.
SOME SOURCES OF ART SUBJECT ARE
1. NATURE- animals, people, landscape.]
2. HISTORY- the dress, the houses, the
manner of living, the thoughts of a
period are necessarily reflected in the
work of artists.
3. GREEK AND ROMAN
MYTHOLOGY- these are the gods
and goddesses.
4. THE JUDAEO CHRISTIAN
TRADITION- religion and art, the
Bible, the Apocrypha, the rituals of the
church.
5. ORIENTAL SACRED TEXTS- the
countries of the orient, especially China,
Japan, and India, have all sacred texts od
one kind or another, and these inspired
various kinds of art.
6. OTHER WORKS OF ART- these are
the subjects that can be found in those
works that take their subjects directly
from works of art.
KINDS OF SUBJECT
1. STILL LIFE- these are the groups of
inanimate objects arranged in an indoor
setting. The arrangement is that like to
show particular human interests and
activities.
2. LANDSCAPES, SEASCAPES, AND
CITYSCAPES- favorite subject of
Chinese & Japanese painters.
Fernando Amorsolo is well-known for
having romanticized Philippine
landscape.
Vicente Manansala, Arturo Luz, and
Mauro Malang Santos are some local
painters who have done cityscape.
3. ANIMALS- the earliest known
paintings and representation of animals
on the walls of the cave.
The dove stands for the Holy Spirit in
the representations of the Holy Trinity.
The fish and lamb are symbols of Christ.
The phoenix is the symbol of
resurrection. The peacock is the symbol
of immortality through Christ.
4. PORTRAITS- is an instrument of
expression, it is capable of showing a
variety of moods and feelings.
Other things are worth noticing in
portraits are the subject’s hand, which
can be very expressive his attire and
accessories for it reveals much about the
subject’s time.
5. FIGURES- the sculptures’ chief subject
has traditionally been the human body,
nude or clothe. The body’s form,
structure and flexibility offers the artist
in big challenge to depict it in a variety
of ways, ranging from the idealistic as in
the classical Greek sculptures to the
most abstract.
6. EVERYDAY LIFE- genre paintings
usually are representations of rice
threshers, cock fighters, candle vendor,
street musicians, and children at play.
7. HISTORY AND LEGENDS- history
consists of variable facts, legends, of
unverifiable ones.
It is difficult to tell how much of what
we know now is history and how much
is legend.
8. RELIGION & MYTHOLOGY- the
Christian church commissioned
craftsmen to tell the stories about Christ
and the saints in pictures, usually in
mosaic, murals, and stained glass
windows in churches.
The term myth come from the word
“MYTHOS’’, meaning story or legend.
9. DREAMS & FANTASIES- dreams are
usually vague & illogical. A dream like
situation. No limits can be imposed on
imagination.
 DIFFERENT LEVELS OF
MEANING
1. FACTUAL MEANING- it is the literal
meaning or the narrative content in the
work which can be directly apprehended
because the objects presented are easily
recognized.
2. CONVENTIONAL MEANING- refers
to the special meaning that a certain
object has in a particular culture or
group of people.
3. SUBJECTIVE MEANING- any
personal meaning consciously or
unconsciously conveyed by the artist
using a private symbolism which stems
from his own association of certain
objects, actions, colors with past
experiences.
WEEK 5
ARTIST- a person with talent and the
skills to conceptualize and make
creative works.
A person engaged in an activity related
to creating art, practicing the arts, or
demonstrating an art.
ARTISAN- an artisan is a skilled craft
worker who makes or creates material
objects partly or entirely by hand.
MEDIUM AND TECHNIQUES OR
ARTIST
MEDIUM- is the material used by an
artist to express his/her feelings or
thoughts.
The medium of art is classified into the
visuals arts and he auditory arts , or
both.
TECHNIQUE- in the manner in which
the artist controls his medium to achieve
the desired effect and the ability which
he fulfills the technical requirements of
his particular work of arts.
TECHNIQUES RELATED TO
PAINTINGS
Some techniques used by the artist in
painting are as follows;
1. ENCAUSTIC- also known as wax
painting, is a form of painting that
involves a heated wax medium to
which colored pigments have been
added. The molten mix is applied to
the surface- usually prepared wood,
through canvas and other materials
are sometimes used.
2. FRESO SECCO- pigments usually
mixed with water. The paint is then
applied to a dry plaster wall which
has been wetted down with water.
3. FRESCO- also known as “Buon
Fresco” or true Fresco, which entails
painting a freshly spread moist
plaster.
4. EGG TEMPERA- also called as
TEMPERA, is a permanent, fast
drying painting medium consisting
of colored pigments mixed with a
water- soluble binder medium
usually glutinous materials such as
egg yolks. Tempera also refers to the
paintings done in this medium.
5. MOSAIC- the design is created by
small pieces of colored glass, stone,
or ceramic (called Tesserae)
embedded in wet mortar which has
been spread over the surface to be
decorated.
6. OIL PAINT- powdered colors are
mixed with a fine oil, usually
linseed oil.
Oil paint is made with natural pigments,
linseed oil and turpentine, making it
recognizable in sight and smell. The
main downside is that it can take up to
nine months to dry completely and even
years for heavy impasto (texture).
7. WATER COLOR- has a large and
luminous palette.
Water color paint uses ground
pigments mixed with water-soluble
binders. Watercolor painting lends
itself to a gradient of tonal hues that
can imitate the washes of sky and
sea, but it is considered one of the
most difficult medium to master, as
it doesn’t lend itself to correction
after application.
8. ACRYLIC- the binder used
includes water and the paints can be
thinned with water but once the
paints dry, they have a glossy,
permanent surface that resembles
the surface created by oils.
9. COLLAGE- the word “collage”
from the French verb “coller”,
“meaning to paste”.
 A piece of art created be combining
photos, clipping small objects onto a
surface.
10. DRAWING- a form of visual art in
which an artist uses instruments to
mark paper or other two-
dimensional surface. Drawing
instruments include graphite pencils,
pen and ink, various kinds of paints,
inked brushes colored pencils,
crayons, charcoal, chalk, pastels,
erasers, markers, styluses and
metals.
11. PRINTMAKING- anything printed
on a surface that is a direct result
from the duplication process.
Ordinarily, painting or graphic image
done in blank ink n white paper and
becomes the artist’s plate.
Advantage of printmaking is the process
of making copies of the original
drawing.
FIVE MAJOR TYPES OF PRINT
1. RELIEF-the artist draws a design on a
smooth block of material- usually wood or
linoleum - and uses tools to carefully cut away
the areas that are not to be printed, leaving
behind a raised surface of line and shapes. The
surface of the block is linked using a dabber or a
roller.
2. INTAGLIO PRINTS- italian “engrave” the
opposite of the relief painting, it is done from
the ink that is below the surface of the plate.
The design is cut, scratched or etched into the
painting surface or plate, which can be copper,
zinc, aluminum, magnesium, plastics, or ever
coated paper.
3. STENSILS PRINTS- a technique for
reproducing designs by passing ink or paint over
holes cut in cardboard or metal onto the surface
to be decorated.
4. WOODCUT- ia a relief printing technique in
print making. An artist carves an image into the
surface of a block of wood- typically with
gouges-- leaving the printing parts level with the
surface while removing the nonprinting parts.
5. ENGRAVING- the design is cut into metal
with a graver or burin. The burin is steel rod
with a square or lozenge-shaped section and a
slightly bent shank. The cutting accomplished by
pushing the burin in the metal plate. The deeper
it penetrates into the metal, the wider the line:
variations in depth create the swelling tapering
character of the engraved line. After engraving is
finished, the sight burr raised by the graver is
cleaned off with a scraper.
THE GAWAD SA MANLILIKHA NG
BAYAN AWARD (GAMABA)
- an award that acknowledge folk and
indigenous artist who, despite the modern times,
remain true to their traditions. It is administered
by the National Commission for Culture and
Arts (NCCA) through GAWAD sa Manlilikha ng
Bayan Committee.
PERFORMANCE ART
Actions executed by the artist or other
participants. It may be witnessed live or through
documentation, spontaneously developed or
written, and it traditionally presented to a public
in a fine art or context in an interdisciplinary
mode.
MAJOR TYPES OF PERFORMING ARTS
MUSIC- an art of sound in line that expresses
ideas and emotions in significant forms through
the elements of rhythm, melody, harmony, and
color.
The word “music” was derived from the Greek
word “musike” which means the arts of muses.
OPERA- a way to tell a story through music and
singing.
DANCE- is a performing art from consisting of
sequences of movements, either improvised or
purposely selected. This movement has aesthetic
and often symbolic value. Dance can be
categorized and described b its choreography, by
its repertoire of movements or by its historical
period or place or origin.
DRAMA- is the specific mode of fiction
represented in performance: a play, opera, mime,
ballet, etc, performed in a theatre, or on radio or
television.
SPOKEN WORDS- refers to an oral poetic
performance rt as well as the performer’s
aesthetic qualities.
TRANSCREATION- is a term coined from the
words “translation” and “creation”, and a
concept used in the field of translation studies to
describe the process of adapting a message from
one language to another, while maintaining its
intent, style, tone, and context.