INTRODUCTION

The environment is becoming increasingly contaminated by our

imagination. Most human activities cause the environment to become
contaminated. This will affect both the global and regional levels. Thinning
of the ozone layer and the increase in greenhouse gas emissions are
examples of global losses. While water pollution, soil erosion is one of the
few regional outcomes created by human activities and by them the
environment is also affected. Environment education and awareness is
comprehensive, continuing process, rooted in broad interdisciplinary base.
Environment education is multifaceted and touches upon every aspect of
life. It aims to assist individuals an understanding that people are
inseparable parts of an environmental system and that whatever they do
alter their surroundings in both harmful and beneficial ways. Therefore, our
voice is essential for environmental education for environmental protection
and management. It is a right step to teach people and society the best
way to utilize present and future resources. Through environmental
education, all people can gain knowledge of correcting the fundamental
issues leading to local pollution.

What is Environmental Education ?

Environmental education is a multi-disciplinary approach to the study of
man’s problems of maintaining a livable Earth. Technically, environmental
education is an expansion of study of ecology, a branch of biology dealing
with inter-relationship of living organisms with one another and their
surroundings. In environmental education, people are told that how to
manage the ecosystem in order to maintain the environment and the
pollution free environment. Environmental education provides the
necessary skills and specialized knowledge to meet the challenges related
to it. The main purpose of this education is to provide knowledge, to create
awareness, to create an attitude of contemplation and to provide the
necessary skills to control the environmental challenges. Environmental
Education after the Stockholm Conference on Human Environment
organized by UNESCO in 1972 had gained reputation on a global scale. The
concern for the environment in the present era found expression in the
proclamation made to ‘Defend and improve the environment for the
present and future generations’ by United Nations. Immediately after this
conference, UNESCO also launched the International Environmental
Education Program (IEEP). Since then, the environmental problems have
attracted the attention of a world cross- section of people all over the
world.

Objectives of Environmental Education

The inter-governmental conference on environment education held at
Tbilisi, USSR (1977) listed the following objectives of environmental
education.
1. Knowledge: To help people acquire basic understanding of the total
environment and associated problems.

2. Attitudes: To help people acquire social values, strong feelings of

concern for the environment and the motivation to act in protecting and
improving it.
3. Awareness: To help people acquire an awareness of and sensitivity to
the total environment and its allied problems.
4. Skills: To help people to acquire skills for solving such problems and to
evaluate environmental measures.
5. Participation: To help people develop a sense of responsibility and
urgency regarding environmental problems and solutions.
Why is environmental education necessary?
Each country is engaged in efforts to solve environmental concerns with
education. According to these different countries, environmental education
should not only be a part of the education system, but also participate in
the political system, so that the work, policies and appropriate plans can be
prepared at the national level. Environmental education should be able to
assess the environmental condition and play a leading role in reducing
environmental damage. It should be planned according to the rules,
because normal changes in daily life can make a huge contribution in
improving the environment.
Environmental Education and its Relevancy

Environmental education shall have relevance to the following aspects;

1. Public awareness
2. Identifications of environmental problems and solutions
3. Conservation and preservation of natural resources
4. Sustainable development
5.Successful and effective planning of national economy
Security of the environment is the responsibility of everyone. Therefore,
environmental education should not be confined to a group or society, but
every person should be aware of environmental protection. It should be a
continuous and lifelong process and should be pragmatic towards
environmental education so that it can be implemented properly.

Environmental Awareness
Environment awareness is the ABC of environmental literacy, environmental
education, environmental issues, and environmental programs. It is the first
step of the ladder to the environmental security for sustainable
development. We all know the environment is close to linked to human
beings and hence influences their health and quality of life. So improving
our environment by environmental awareness and education will improve
the human health and well being of all. If the children are taught about the
resources, environmental pollution, soil erosion, deflation and the
protection and protection of endangered plants and extinct animals, the
protection of the environment can be substantially improved. Education is a
type of investment that changes over time as a valuable asset. In India
universities, there has been considerable focus on education, research and
training. Over 20 different universities and institutions are taught courses
 like Environmental Engineering, Conservation and Management,
Environmental Health and Social Science.
What does it mean to be environmentally aware?
Being environmentally aware means understanding how our behaviour
impacts the environment and committing to making changes to our
activities to protect the planet. The environmentalist movement in recent
decades has prompted many people to make both minor and substantial
lifestyle changes to live in a more environmentally friendly way.
Being environmentally friendly means reducing your impact on the
environment as much as possible. Individuals affect the environment in a
variety of ways including pollution emission to land, air and water, use of
natural resources, energy consumption and waste. There are several
significant environmental problems that highlight the importance of being
more environmentally aware, for example:
Oil drilling: Oil spillages are poisoning marine life, and the burning of oil
alongside other fossil fuels is contributing to the greenhouse effect. This
causes rises in global temperatures which results in climate change.
Deforestation: Humans are cutting down millions of acres of trees for
industrial purposes. Not only does this jeopardise biodiversity, it also
contributes to the greenhouse effect by removing carbon sinks that remove
carbon dioxide (a greenhouse gas) from the atmosphere.
• Plastic goods: The U.K. generates far too much waste, and much of this is
plastic. Plastic is made of materials that might take hundreds of years to
decompose. The production of plastic also releases greenhouse gases.

Importance of environmental awareness

Since the industrial revolution, concentrations of greenhouse gases have
increased by more than a third. This highlights how human activity has the
greatest impact on greenhouse gas emissions. Therefore, it is our
responsibility to change our behaviour to protect the environment.
Due to the rise in greenhouse gas emissions, research suggests that the
global temperatures might increase by more than two degrees Celsius by
the end of the century. This means extreme climate change, including
hurricanes, droughts and floods. These conditions jeopardise biodiversity,
human welfare and wildlife. As we have lived in such an unsustainable
manner for the past few decades, the security of our natural resources is
also at risk. It is essential that everyone understands their impact on the
environment and actively engages with attempts to promote sustainable
development.

Who needs to be aware and why?

Everyone has a responsibility to be more environmentally friendly and
reducing your carbon footprint can be achieved through very minor
lifestyle changes. It is critical that we teach children and adults alike about
the importance of environmental awareness, to ensure that the lives of
future generations are secure. It isn’t very fair that the severe environmental
consequences of our actions will be experienced by innocent future
generations.
When promoting environmental awareness, it is imperative to ensure you’re
completely updated with the latest environmental news and developments
to ensure that the information you’re communicating is accurate. Many
environmental advocates choose a specific issue and launch a campaign to
raise awareness and promote environmental awareness about that area of
concern.
An example of this is the ‘Sisters Against Plastic’ campaign launched by
sisters Mary Strong and Teresa Walters. The Staffordshire-based sisters
decided to increase their environmental awareness by researching the
impact of plastic products on the environment. This prompted their
decision to start a plastic-diet competition with one another, using typical
Slimming World-esque terminology to raise environmental awareness in a
funny and accessible way on social media platforms. Since their year-long
‘plastic diet’, the sisters have sponsored various ‘environmentally friendly’
brands including Roberts Bakery. They have continued to educate co-
workers, friends and communities by delivering talks with active and pro-
active responses to plastic related issues. Most importantly, the sisters
promote environmental awareness within the Scout and Girl Guide
Communities. This highlights their dedication to educating future
generations, helping them to make responsible, environmentally aware
choices.

Principles of Environmental Education:

1. To consider environment in its totality (natural, artificial, technological,
ecological, moral, aesthetic).

2. To consider a continuous life process.

3. To be interdisciplinary in approach.

4. To focus on current, potential environmental situations.

5. To emphasize active participation in prevention and control of pollution.

6. To examine root cause of environmental degradation.

7. To provide an opportunity for making decisions and accepting their

consequences.

Environmental Educational Programmes:

It involves a three-fold classification of environmental education based on

different disciplines:
1. Environmental Studies:
It is concerned with environmental disturbances and minimisation of their
impacts through changes in social sciences.

2. Environmental Science:
It deals with the study of the processes in water, air, soil and organisms
which lead to environmental damage.

3. Environmental Engineering:
It involves the study of technical processes used to minimise pollution.

Environmental Education among Students:

The environment scenario of India is very wide indeed. At the first level,
special attention must be paid to children. They are to be made aware of
health, nutrition, sanitation, hygiene, development, water and food
contamination, fodder and fuel wood etc. NGO’s have to play a significant
role in environmental education and awareness.
A. Formal Environmental Education:
The spectrum of EE has four major interrelated components, i.e., Awareness,
real life situation, conservation and sustainable development.
1. Primary School Stage:
The attempt is made to sensitize the child about environs. Emphasis should
be mostly (75%) on building up awareness, followed by real life situation
(20%) and conservation (5%). Teaching strategy includes audio-visual and
field visits.
2. Lower Secondary Stage:
At this level objective must be real life experience, awareness and problem
identification. The contents are supplemented with general science.
Teaching, practicals and field visits are to be done.
3. Higher Secondary School Stage:
The emphasis must be on conservation, assimilation of knowledge, problem
identification and action skills. Contents may be science-based and action
oriented work.
4. College Stage:
Maximum emphasis should be on knowledge regarding sustainable
development and conservation. The content must be college based on
Science and Technology. Teaching practical’s and action-oriented field work
is to be done. In the school education, NCERT has been playing vital role in
designing syllabi, text books, guide books, charts and kits e.t.c

5. University Education:
EE at this level is being looked after the UGC. The university education has
three major components— Teaching, Research and Extension. At post
graduate level, four major areas are recognised environmental engineering,
conservation and management, environmental health, social ecology.

B. Non-Formal Environmental Education:

This education is designed for any age group, participating in cultural,

social, economic development of the country. They form clubs and arrange
exhibition, public lectures, meetings, environmental campaigns. Following
are the main constituents of this education.

1. Adult Education:
Adults may influence the society to protect the precious environs by
generating posters, slides, audio-visual and information pictures .

2. Rural Youth and Non-student Youth:

They may act as volunteers.

3. Tribals and Forest Dwellers:

They are an important media to protect the forest wealth.

4. Children Activities:
The National Museum of Natural History (NMNH) conducts spot painting,
modelling and poster design about environment for children.

5. Eco-development Camps:
Currently a set of a guide lines has been prepared by D.O. En to create
awareness in youth and to acquaint them with the practice of sustainable
development.

6. Non-government Organisations:
There are more than 200 NGOs engaged in environmental protection.

7. Public Representatives:
India has environmental forums for MPs and MLAs to discuss
environmental problems facing the country. They stimulate public interest
for saving the environs.

8. Training Executives:
Regular courses should be arranged for environ activities among
administrators.

9. Research and Development Programmes:

Such R and D efforts are supported by D.O. Environment in Biosphere and
Man.

10. Foundation Courses:

The courses for the probationers selected for the IAS, IFS, IPS and cadets of
three wings of Armed Forces need to be supplemented with foundation
courses on environment relevant to their area of specialisation .

11. Development of Educational Material and Teaching

Aids:
Materials for media (T.V, radio, films, news -papers etc.), audio, mobile
exhibitions, audio-visual materials must be operated by competent
manpower. One such centre in India is Centre for Environmental Education,
Ahmedabad.
12. National Environment Awareness Campaign or
National Environment Month:
Commencing from 1986, DOEn conducts NEAC and NEM. From November
19th to December 18th every year is observed as NEM.

13. World Environmental Day:

All Govts. in the states, UTs, universities, schools, colleges, academic
institutions and voluntary organisations organise suitable activities on
World Environmental Day, i.e., 5th June of each year. DOE supports the
function financially.

STUDY AND ANALYSIS OF ENVIRONMENTAL

CHANGES OF JHARKHAND
Nature is a complex collection of physiological, chemical, and abiotic
factors that affect living things and ultimately determine their structure and
survival. In today's world conditions are often affected by various factors,
such as pollution, population, and many other factors. And it destroys
native plants and animals. Increased levels of pollution can lead to various
diseases such as heart disease and skin diseases. Jharkhand is a very
beautiful nature. Coal mining and profitability may be one of the most
polluting tests. Pollution is the main reason why Global is heating its impact
on our environment. Environmental change harms humans, wildlife, and the
environment. Environmental changes can cause climate change, global
climate change, and the destruction of natural resources. It also disrupts
normal social and economic processes. Humans are cruelly ruining the
environment. The mountains are barren. Due to the constant deforestation,
this results in frequent flooding. The environment can cause a pattern of
low rainfall, drought, and increased mortality rates. It greatly affects
agriculture due to low rainfall and increased pollution can make the land
less suitable for growing crops. Jharkhand province is already suffering from
over-reliance on mineral resources. In addition, the government's water and
water resources are under threat due to industrial and urban growth and
inequality in temporary and spatial distribution. So, this research work
based on the ecological changes in Jharkhand with a holistic view, focusing
on other major regions that are experiencing the most environmental
changes in that region.

Jharkhand does not have the necessary resources to place it in a climate-

friendly climate. While Jharkhand must plan and bear the brunt of the
mitigation and adaptation efforts that need to be made in government, it
will not be managed or expected to act aggressively on climate change and
climate change as countries enjoying the high NSDP. Therefore, the
objectives to reduce and adapt to the conditions defined and adopted by
Jharkhand will be based on the principle of 'shared vision but separate
responsibility'. The Jharkhand State Pollution Control Board (JSPCB)
presented Vision 2012-2017 and the Strategic Planning Plan on its role and
the sustainable use of resources (JSPCB, 2000). The JSPCB, as a regulatory
body, encourages industries to switch to new and environmentally friendly
technologies (Subash et al., 2011). The rainfall system in the province has
seen significant changes in the past decades. Seasonal rainfall pattern
according to data from 1956-2008 ranch region, it is clear that the highest
annual rainfall (82.2%, with an average of 1149.3 mm) was received during
the Southwest rainfall (June to September) and only 6.5% (estimated
rainfall) at 92.3 mm) found during the months of the Northeast Monsoon
(October to December) in the province. The remaining rainfall is winter
(3.7%, on average 52.4 mm), from January to February, and summer (7.5%,
on average 104.7 mm) from March to May, respectively. The state, therefore,
receives heavy rainfall during the rainy season and receives only 17.7% of
annual rainfall.

CONCLUSION
Environmental education is a dynamic process. The priority of such
education is to develop cautious mind of people about their total
surrounding. Its main task is to impart proper knowledge and training to
solve various problems of our environment systematically. In order to
enable people to enjoy good health and a high quality of life, it is vital to
prevent harmful effects to human health or damage to the environment
caused by pollution of air, water and soil, noise, vibration, noxious smells
etc. Environmental Education is a methodology in which people pick up
familiarity with their surroundings and secure learning, abilities, values,
experiences, and passion, all of which will empower them to act separately
and aggregately and to take care of present and future environmental
issues. It is the study of relationship and interactions between natural and
human systems. Environmental education should constitute a
comprehensive lifelong education, one responsive to changes in a rapidly
changing world. It should prepare the individual for life through an
understanding of the major problems of the contemporary world, and the
provision of skills and attributes needed to play a productive role towards
improving life and protecting the environment with due regard given to
ethical values.