7/13/2019 Centaur 40,Centaur 50 and Taurus 60 Solar Turbine

C EN TAUR 40 , C EN TAUR 50 A N D
TAURUS 60 G A S TURBIN E

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7/13/2019 Centaur 40,Centaur 50 and Taurus 60 Solar Turbine
Introduction
Solar Turbines Incorporated is a worldwide leader in
the design, manufacture and installation of industrial
gas turbines. Solar’s 40 years of successful integra-
tion of high technology into fluid compression, liquid
pumping, and industrial power generation applica-
tions has resulted in more than 10,000 gas turbine
installations in 86 countries around the world.
More than 850 million hours of operation has been
logged in a wide range of applications, which gives
testimony to the mature design and wide user accep-
tance of Solar's products. The gas turbine packages,
with their selection of driven equipment and control
system arrangements, are completely packaged sys-
tems that require a minimum of site preparation prior
to installation.
Solar’s gas turbine packages represent years of
intensive development by the engineering and manu-
facturing groups of Solar Turbines Incorporated. The
gas turbine packages are designed and applied by
engineers specifically trained and experienced in the
operation of gas turbines, gas compression and liquid
pumping systems, power generation, and equipment
installation. The gas turbines are manufactured to
rigid industrial standards and are thoroughly tested in
modern facilities. Solar’s operations are currently
certified by Det Norske Veritas (DNV) to conform to
the ISO 9000 series of Quality Systems Standards.
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The heart of the mechanical-drive and power
generation package systems, the gas turbine, offers
many reliable features. Its continuous-burning com-
bustion cycle, combined with continuous rotation of
the turbine rotor, allows virtually vibration-free opera-
tion. The gas turbine package delivers efficient and
dependable performance.
Both predesigned packages and custom-engi-
neered systems are reviewed by specialists in
equipment installation to help assure the optimum
configuration. Qualified technical representatives
from Solar’s Customer Services organization are
available around the world to provide start-up
supervision, maintenance planning and services, and
operator training.
We invite you to read further into this booklet
to gain a greater appreciation of the features and
benefits of Solar’s gas turbine packages and Solar’s
commitment to single-source responsibility for high
quality turbomachinery systems. This product de-
scription presents the basic package configuration,
available options, ancillary equipment, installation
requirements, and support services as of the date of
publication. Please note that changes in the equip-
ment and service descriptions and specifications
may occur without prior notice.
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Contents

Centaur 40, Centaur 50 and Taurus 60 Gas Turbine Compressor Sets

BASIC PACKAGE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
Centaur 40, Centaur 50 and Taurus 60 Gas Turbines
BASIC GAS TURBINE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
D ri v e n E qui pm e nt
GAS COMPRESSORS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
Control System
TURBOTRONIC CONTROLS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
CONTROL OPERATION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
CONTROL SYSTEM COMPONENTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
CONTROL SYSTEM OPTIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
GAS COMPRESSOR CONTROLS AND MONITORING . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
CONTROL SYSTEM ACCESSORIES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
Sta rt Syste m s
PNEUMATIC START SYSTEM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
DIRECT-DRIVE AC START SYSTEM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
Fue l System
NATURAL GAS FUEL SYSTEM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
SOLONOx COMBUSTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
Lub rica tion Syste m
BASIC LUBRICATION SYSTEM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
Se a l System s
SEAL OIL SYSTEM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
DRY GAS SEAL SYSTEM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
Ancillary Equipment
ENCLOSURE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
AIR INLET SYSTEM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
GAS TURBINE EXHAUST SYSTEM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
EXHAUST HEAT RECOVERY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
I ns ta l l a ti on R e qui re m e nts
SITE REQUIREMENTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36
MECHANICAL INSTALLATION REQUIREMENTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36
ELECTRICAL INSTALLATION REQUIREMENTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE MANUALS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
DRAWINGS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
Testing and Quality Assurance
TEST FACILITIES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40
TESTING . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40
PERFORMANCE REVIEW . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41
QUALITY ASSURANCE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41
PRODUCT IMPROVEMENT PROGRAM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41
Support Services
CONSTRUCTION SERVICES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42
CUSTOMER SERVICES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42
CONTRACT POWER AND LEASING SERVICES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42

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Illustra tio ns

Typical Gas Turbine Compressor Set . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2

Typical Gas Turbine Gauge Panel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
Typical Two-Shaft Gas Turbine and Load . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
Typical Gas Turbine Cutaway . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
Typical Centrifugal Compressor Cutaway . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
Typical Centrifugal Compressor Cross Section . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
Typical Turbotronic Control Console . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
Typical Operation Summary Display . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
Typical Battery and Charger Cabinet . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
Typical Pneumatic Start System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
Typical Direct-Drive AC Start System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
Typical Variable Frequency Drive Cabinet . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
Typical Natural Gas Fuel System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
Typical Lube Oil System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
Typical Compressor Seal Oil and Buffer Gas System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
Typical Dry Gas Seal Assembly . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
Typical Dry Gas Seal System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
Typical Dry and Wet Seal Panels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
Typical Enclosure Configurations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
Typical Water-Wash Cart . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34
Typical Service Connections . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
Typical Electrical Connections . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39
Solar’s Customer Services Facilities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43

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C o nve rsio n C ha rt

A BBREVIA TIO N S C O N V ERSI O N FA C TO RS

abs absolute To Convert

From To S.I. M u l t ip l y To O ld M u l t ip l y
ata atmosphere absolute Metric By M e t ric By
English
Btu British thermal unit
Btu/h British thermal unit/hour
°C Degrees Celsius sq in. mm2 645.16 cm2 6.4516
cfm cubic foot/minute sq ft m2 0.0929 m2 0.0929
cm centimeter lb/cu ft kg/m3 16.0185 kg/m3 16.0185
cm 2 square centimeter ft-lbf /lb m kJ/kg 0.0029891 kJ/kg 0.002989
cm 3 cubic centimeter Btu kJ 1.0551 kcal 0.252
cu ft cubic foot Btu/h W 0.2931 kcal/h 0.252
°F Degrees Fahrenheit Btu/scf kJ/nm 3 39.3694 kcal/nm3 9.382
ft/s foot/second in. mm 25.400 cm 2.540
ft-lb foot-pound ft m 0.3048 m 0.3048
ft-lbf /lb m foot-pound force/pound mass yd m 0.914 m 0.914
fps foot per second lb kg 0.4536 kg 0.4536
gal gallon hp kW 0.7457 kW 0.7457
hp horsepower psi kPa 6.8948 kg/cm 2 0.070
in. inch psia kPa (a) 6.8948 bars abs 0.068948
in. Hg inch mercury psig kPa (g) 6.8948 ata 0.070
in. H2O inch water in. Hg kPa 3.3769 cm Hg 2.540
kcal kilocalorie in. H2O kPa 0.2488 cm H2O 2.540
kg kilogram °F °C (°F-32) 5/9 °C (°F-32) 5/9
kg m kilogram mass °F (Interval) °C (Interval) 5/9 °C (Interval) 5/9
kJ kilojoule mph km/h 1.6093 km/h 1.6093
kPa kilopascal ft/s m/s 0.3048 m/s 0.3048
ksi 1000 pounds/square inch cu ft m3 0.028317 m3 0.028317
kW kilowatt gal (U.S.) L 3.7854 L 3.7854
L liter cfm m3/min 0.028 317 m3/min 0.0283 17
m meter cfm m3/s 0.00047 195
mm millimeter scfm nm3/min 0.026 8 nm3/h 1.61
MMSCFD millions of standard* cubic foot/day MMSCFD nm3/min 18.62 nm3/h 1117
MPa Megapascal cm 2 mm2 100
m2 square meter kcal kJ 4.1868
m3 cubic meter
m3/min cubic meter/minute
mph miles per hour
N Newton
N/m 2 Pascal
nm3/h normal** cubic meter/hour
sm3/h standard*** cubic meter/hour
To Convert
psi pounds/square inch To S.I. M u l t ip l y
From
psia pounds/square inch absolute M e t ric By
Old Metric
psig pounds/square inch gauge
scf standard* cubic foot
scfd standard* cubic foot/day kcal/h W 1.16279
scf m standard* cubic foot/minute cm mm 10
sq square kg/cm2 kPa 98.0665
bars kPa 100.0
atm kPa 101.325
* “ stan da rd ” = 6 0°F and 14.7 psi a
cm Hg kPa 1.3332
** “ no rm al ” = 0°C and 1.01325 x 105 Pascals cm H 2O kPa 0.09807
*** “standard” = 15°C and 760 mm Hg nm3/h nm3/min 0.016 7

PA98045M

Caterpillar is a registered trademark of Caterpillar Inc.

Solar , Centaur, Taurus , Mars , SoLoNOx and Turbotronic are trademarks of Solar Turbines Incorporated.
Specifications subject to change without notice. Printed in U.S.A.
©1998 Solar Turbines Incorpor ated. All rights reserved .

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C e nta ur 40, C e nta ur 50 a nd Ta urus 60
G a s Turb ine C o m p re sso r Se ts
BASIC PACKAGE
The gas turbine package is a completely integrated,
fully operational package consisting of a power
module for mating with the compressor skid and
equipped with all accessories and auxiliary systems
necessary for normal operation when connected to
suitable facilities. In addition to the wide range of
driven equipment available, various optional features
can be supplied to meet varying installation and
operating requirements.
Designed specifically for industrial service, the
gas turbine package is a compact, lightweight unit
requiring minimum floor space for installation. Proven
packaging features greatly reduce installation costs,
time, materials, and labor.
The gas turbine compressor set includes:
• Two-shaft industrial gas turbine
• Centrifugal gas compressor
• Gas turbine air inlet and exhaust collectors
• Gas turbine/compressor control console
• Start system
• Fuel system
• Lubricating oil system
• Seal system
• Base skid with drip pans
• Onskid electric system and wiring
The base frame is a structural steel assembly with
beam sections and cross members welded together
to form a rigid foundation suitable for three-point
mounting. Mechanical interface connection points for
fuel, air, and water (for gas turbine cleaning) are
conveniently located on the outer skid edge. Electri-
cal connection points are made in onskid junction
boxes and terminal
Package strips.
piping and manifolds are 316L stainless
steel material. This applies to all package piping
systems including the start, fuel and lube oil systems,
supply, drain and vent lines up to and including 102
mm (4 in.) in diameter. In addition, the associated
flange assembly hardware is 316 stainless steel.
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Piping sizes 152 mm (6 in.) in diameter and larger are
carbon steel.
The following items are not stainless steel, but
may be considered for a material change:
• Valve bodies or blocks and system functional
components
• Pipe supporting hardware such as cushion
clamps and brackets
• Oil tank cover assemblies with connection pip-
ing and fittings welded in place
• Sliding lube oil drain couplings and plates
• Pipe flexible couplings
• Filter housings
• Lube oil tank
Onskid Tube Fittings
All tubing is 316 stainless steel using Swagelok brand
dual ferrule 316 stainless steel compression fittings.
Onskid Gauge Panel
The onskid gauge panel includes various gauges
depending on type of fuel system used and other
fluid system options. Available as digital display or
fluid gauges.
O nskid Elec tric System
Solar offers National Electrical Code (NEC) and
International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC)
onskid electric system options and several three-
phase motor voltage options to meet varying electrical
supply and code requirements.
NEC, C la ss I, Grou p D, Division 1 o r 2
All electric equipment on the basic package can be
provided in accordance with the National Fire Pro-
tection Agency
equipment (NFPA)
installed 70 (NEC)
in a Class requirements
I, Group D, Divisionfor
1
or 2 hazardous area. All wire runs are made in conduit
for physical protection and isolation from combustible
atmospheres. The gas turbine console and optional
batteries and battery charger are nonexplosionproof
and must be installed in a nonhazardous area.
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LUBE OIL
OUTPUT
FILTERS
DRIVE SHAFT
Top View

m
m ')
8 8(
4
3
2

EXHAUST LUBE OIL

COLLECTOR TANK VENT COMPRESSOR m)
TURBINE
AIR GAUGE PANEL m "6
GAUGE PANEL EXHAUST 6 '
INLET CENTRIFUGAL 8 (7
2
GAS COMPRESSOR 2
GAS TURBINE

m )" m)
m1 "
m0
8 1 8 1 1448 mm
1 '8 8 '7 (4' 9")
7 ( 3 (
2 2
CONTROL CONSOLE
Depth: 800 mm (2' 7-1/2")

Side View
BASE FORWARD AFT
FRAME MOUNT MOUNT
8915 mm (29' 3")

APPROXIMATE WEIGHTS Centaur 40 Centaur 50 Taurus 60

kg lb kg lb kg lb
Gas Turbine 2586 5700 2631 5800 3084 7200
Gas Turbine - SoLoNOx 3493 7700 3538 7800 4173 9200
Gas Turbine Base and Accessories 7938 17,500 7938 17,500 7938 17,500
Gas Compressor - C401 9772 21,500 9772 21,500 9772 21,500
Gas Compressor Base & Accessories 4536 10,000 4536 10,000 4536 10,000
Enclosure (not shown) 5443 12,000 5443 12,000 5443 12,000
Total Installed Dry Package Weight
Standard 26 853 59,200 26 898 59,300 27 533 60,700
SoLoNOx 27 760 61,200 27 805 61,300 28 440 62,700
Control Console 635 1400 635 1400 635 1400
SPCUCS-002M

Typical Gas Turbine Compressor Set

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1 2 3 4 5 6

8 7

1. Lube Oil Filter ∆P

2. Compressor Discharge Pressure
3. Lube Oil Pressure
4. Fuel Gas Pressure
5. Lube Oil Temperature
6. Enclosure Pressure (Optional)
7. Intrinsically Safe Junction Box
8. Junction Box
PA98016M

Ty p i c a l G a s Tu rb i n e G a u g e Pa n e l

IEC , Zone 1 nonexplosionproof and must be installed in a nonhaz-

All electric equipment is in accordance with IEC ardous area.
standards for electric equipment in Zone 1, Group IIA
Thre e -P ha s e Motor V ol ta ge
hazardous locations per Solar’s specifications ES
1762 and ES 2007. The package is wired with armored All three-phase motors on the package have the same

multi-conductor cables and cable glands where the voltage

included.rating. The required
The standard motor
available starters
motor areare:
ratings not
cable enters a component or terminal box. Stainless
steel cable trays are used to support, protect and • 460 Vac, 60 Hz
route the armored cables. Separate cable trays are • 575 Vac, 60 Hz
used to segregate intrinsically safe cables from instru- • 380 Vac, 50 Hz
mentation and control cables. The gas turbine console • 400 Vac, 50 Hz
and optional batteries and battery charger are • 415 Vac, 50 Hz

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C e nta ur 40, C e nta ur 50
a nd Ta urus 60 G a s Turb ine s
BA SIC G A S TURBIN E
The gas turbine is a self-contained, completely inte-
grated prime mover of a two-shaft, axial-flow design.
The exceptionally compact gas turbine has four
basic sections: compressor, combustor, gas genera-
tor turbine, and power turbine. The gas generator and
power turbine have separate shafts and are mechani-
cally independent.
The gas turbine assembly consists of:
• Accessory drive assembly
• Air inlet collector
• Axial-flow compressor
• Annular combustor
• Gas generator turbine assembly
• Power turbine assembly
• Gas turbine exhaust collector
The components of the gas turbine are maintained
in accurate alignment by mating flanges with pilot
surfaces and are bolted together to form a rigid
assembly. The accessory drive assembly is driven
by the compressor rotor shaft. The accessory drive
supports and drives the main lube oil pump and start
motor, as well as other accessories depending on
theThe
application.
gas turbine design includes the fundamental
principles of long life and low maintenance. Reflecting
a design philosophy that combines the outstanding
performance traits of the gas turbine with the rugged
construction best suited for industrial use, the gas
turbine has been designed for a high degree of
compliance with American Petroleum Institute (API)
requirements.
One of the key design parameters of the gas tur-
bine is to operate at gas temperatures and stress
levels that provide maximum assurance of long life
for the major rotating and stationary components.
Another prime design objective is dependability. While
many factors contribute to the dependability of the
basic gas turbine, the selection of proper controls and
gas turbine accessories is a major element.
The gas turbine incorporates Solar’s advanced
aerodynamic and mechanical technology and design.
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The structural concept of Solar’s gas turbines is
unique in the engineering of gas turbines. With a few
exceptions, contemporary machines have been de-
signed to two extremes: either they are designed
specifically to aircraft practices of highly sophisti-
cated construction for lightweight but short life or
they are designed with the massiveness of industrial
steam turbines to ensure long life. In keeping with an
optimum philosophy, the construction of Solar’s gas
turbines lies between the two extremes.
Principles of Operation
The continuous power cycle and rotary motion of a gas
turbine provides several advantages over other types
of engines, including relatively vibrationless opera-
tion, as well as fewer moving parts and wear points.
SoLoNOx G a s Turbine
The SoLoNOx™ gas turbine is a self-contained, com-
pletely integrated prime mover of a two-shaft, axial-
flow, dry emissions control design.
The combustion system is an annular type with
lean-premixed fuel injectors. This system reduces
pollution by limiting the formation of nitrogen oxides
(NOx) and carbon monoxide (CO). Lean-premixed
combustion results in lower maximum flame temper-
ature which reduces pollutant formation.
FUEL
AIR COMBUSTOR GEARBOX
EXHAUST (if required)
SHAFT
DRIVEN
TURBINE EQUIPMENT
COMPRESSOR
PA98017M
Ty p ic a l Tw o - Sh a ft G a s Tu rb i n e a n d Lo a d
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EXHAUST
COLLECTOR

TURBINE
EXHAUST
DIFFUSER
NOZZLE CASE
ASSEMBLY OUTPUT
DRIVE SHAFT
BLEED ASSEMBLY
AIR VALVE
FUEL
INJECTOR

COMPRESSOR
DIFFUSER
ASSEMBLY

COMPRESSOR
CASE
ASSEMBLY

COMPRESSOR
ROTOR
ASSEMBLY

ACCESSORY
DRIVE
ASSEMBLY

POWER TURBINE
ROTOR ASSEMBLY

GAS GENERATOR
TURBINE ROTOR
ASSEMBLY
COMBUSTOR
HOUSING
ASSEMBLY
GAS FUEL
MANIFOLD
COMPRESSOR
VARIABLE
VANE ASSEMBLIES
AIR INLET
ASSEMBLY PA98018M/S

Ty p i c a l G a s Tu rb i n e C u t a w a y

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Drive n Eq uip m e nt
G AS C O M PRESSO RS
Solar has developed a line of centrifugal gas compres-
sors designed specifically to match the operating
speeds of Solar’s gas turbines. All of Solar’s gas
turbine packages can be provided with matching
integrated centrifugal compressor modules, available
in single-body, two-body, or three-body tandem units
for direct-drive or gear-driven applications.
Solar’s approach to compressor design is to maxi-
mize simplicity and flexibility. Solar gas compressors
are designed to achieve a minimum of three years
of continuous full-load duty between inspections,
and major components are designed for 20 years
of continuous operation. Many of the features com-
monly used in Solar compressor designs conform to
American Petroleum Institute (API) 617.
Standard features include:
• Vertically split barrel-type construction
• Tilt-pad journal bearings
• Self-aligning tilt-pad thrust bearings
• Rigid modular rotor construction
• Rotor trim balancing
• Overcompensating balance piston
• Radial vibration measurement
• Thrust bearing temperature sensors
Solar’s compressor packages are complete with
all unique system requirements built into the basic
package. This inherent single-source responsibility
eliminates any risk of drive train incompatibility or
performance questions that may arise when the
driver and driven compressors are built by different
manufacturers.
For more details about Solar’s centrifugal compres-
sors and compressor sets, please refer to Solar’s
publications B-O&G, SPCC, DS40CS, DS50CS
and DS60CS.
I mpe l l e r s . Compressor impellers are designed to
conservative stress levels. All impellers are suitable
for sour gas applications. Each impeller, after machin-
ing, is proof tested to 115% of its maximum mechani-
cal speed.
Rotor Asse m b ly. The rotor assembly consists of
stub shafts, impellers, and, if required, rotor spacers
(to maintain a constant bearing span) and a centerbolt.
These components are individually balanced and are
rabbet-fit to each other for concentric alignment.
Torque is transmitted through dowel pins. The entire
assembly is clamped together with the centerbolt.
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The rotor assembly is easy to disassemble. The
benefits from this type of construction are two-fold.
Impellers that can be used in a “restaged” rotor are
easily salvaged and downtime is minimized. Reusing
old impellers, instead of purchasing new ones to
match new operating conditions, enhances the eco-
nomic feasibility of restaging to maintain optimum
compressor performance and the lowest possible
operating costs.
C a s i ngs . The pressure-containing outer casing of a
compressor is an assembly of three components: the
suction and discharge end caps, which contain the
bearing and seal assemblies, and the centerbody,
which holds the rotor and stator assemblies. This is
considered a vertically split “barrel” design. The end
caps contain all the service ports for oil and gas.
C o m p r e s s o r M o d u l e . The compressor module in-
cludes the centrifugal compressor(s) mounted on a
structural steel matching base which, when bolted to
the driver skid, forms a continuous base plate on
which all the required subsystems are installed.
Lube O il Sy ste m . The gas turbine, gearbox (if re-
quired), and compressor modules have a common
lube oil system.
Se a l O il Syste m . On certain compressor models, a
seal oil system and a seal buffer gas system are
provided to contain the gas within the gas compres-
sor. The high pressure main seal oil pump is turbine
driven and an auxiliary seal oil pump is provided for
start-up and shutdown.
Dry Sea ls. On some compressor models, it is pos-
sible to provide a complete dry seal system. Solar’s
gas compressor tandem dry seal consists of a primary
seal, a secondary backup seal, and a shaft buffer air
(or nitrogen) circumferential seal which prevents lubri-
cating oil leakage into the secondary seal.
Hyd rosta tic Te sting . Hydrostatic pressure testing
of all compressor casings and end caps is done per
API 617 for 30 minutes at 1.5 times the maximum
casing design pressure, regardless of application.
Test water is treated with a wetting agent to allow
better penetration of possible casing defects. After
the hydro and final magnetic particle test, the casing
is steam cleaned and bead blasted for surface prepa-
ration. Afterwards, it is painted per Solar’s specifica-
tion ES 9-58.
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Sha ft C o upl ing. Solar’s standard shaft interconnect P re lim ina ry A lign m e nt. The drive train is aligned
is a Kop-Flex dry coupling. In some cases, a continu- preliminarily at the factory to simplify final field
ously lubricated gear-type coupling is provided. alignment.

INLET STATOR IMPELLER

INLET HOUSING ASSEMBLY CASING
GUIDE VANE
DISCHARGE
CAVITY
SUCTION
FLANGE
(Port)
DISCHARGE
BEARING AND
SEAL ASSEMBLY

BALANCE
PISTON

DISCHARGE
FLANGE
(Port)
COUPLING HUB OR
BALANCE SLEEVE STATOR
SUCTION
BEARING AND DIFFUSER
SEAL ASSEMBLY PASSAGE PA98020MS

Typical Centrifugal Compressor Cutaway

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INLET VANELESS DISCHARGE LABYRINTH

END CAP CASING CAVITY DIFFUSER DIAPHRAGM CAVITY SEAL

STATIC

ROTATING

TRIM THRUST STUB IMPELLER ROTOR TIE SHAFT JOURNAL COUPLING

BALANCE BEARINGS SHAFT SPACER BOLT SEALS BEARING HUB

PA98021M

Typ ica l C e ntrifug a l C om pre ssor C ross Se c tion

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C o m p r e s so r C h a ra c t e r ist ic s

C o m p re ssor C a sin g Pre ssu re M a x im u m M in im um M a x im u m M a x im u m M a xim um

Fra m e No. of Ra tin g ( a ,b ), Flo w ( a ), Flo w ( a ), H e a d p er Sta g e ( a ), To ta l H e a d ( a ), I m p e lle r D ia ., M axim um
3 3
Size Sta g e s kPa ( p sig ) m / m in ( c fm ) m / m in ( c fm ) k J/ k g m (ft-l b f/ lb m ) k J/ k g m (ft-l b f/ lb m ) mm ( in . ) Sp e e d , rp m

C160A 1-10 10 350 (1500) 50.95 (1800) 4.25 (150) 22.1 (7400) 215 (72,000) 191 (7.50) 22, 300
C160B 1-10 10 350 (1500) 50.95 (1800) 4.25 (150) 22.1 (7400) 215 (72,0000 191 (7.50) 22, 300

C160C 1-10 10 350 (1500) 50.95 (1800) 4.25 (150) 22.1 (7400) 215 (72,000) 191 (7.50) 22, 300
C160RA 1-10 15 513 (2250) 50.95 (1800) 4.25 (150) 22.1 (7400) 215 (72,000) 191 (7.50) 22, 300
C160RB 1-10 20 700 (3000) 50.95 (1800) 4.25 (150) 22.1 (7400) 215 (72,000) 191 (7.50) 22, 300
C166S 1-6 31 050 (4500) 50.95 (1800) 4.25 (150) 22.1 (7400) 132 (44,000) 191 (7.50) 22, 300
C167S 2-6 10 350 (1500) 45.30 (1600) 4.25 (150) 21.5 (7200) 129 (43,000) 178 (7.00) 22, 300
C167P 1-3 10 350 (1500) 90.60 (3200) 4.25 (150) 21.5 (7200) 64 (21,500) 178 (7.00) 22, 300
C284 1-4 5 175 (750) 274.60 (9700) 22.65 (800) 59.8 (20,000) 239 (80,000) 305 (12.00) 22, 300
C304 1-4 10 350 (1500) 212.35 (7500) 22.65 (800) 37.4 (12,500) 149 (50,000) 305 (12 00) 16, 500
C306 1-6 10 350 (1500) 212.35 (7500) 22.65 (800) 31.4 (10,500) 191 (64,000) 305 (12.00) 15, 500
C334I 1-6 13 800 (2000) 268.95 (9500) 22.65 (800) 59.8 (20,000) 299 (100,000) 327 (12.86) 20, 800
C336I 1-9 13 800 (2000) 243.53 (8600) 22.65 (800) 38.8 (13,000) 281 (94,000) 327 (12.86) 16, 500
C337IS 2-8 8 280 (1200) 232.20 (8200) 22.65 (800) 38.8 (13,000) 281 (94,000) 327 (12.86) 16, 500
C337IP 1-4 8 280 (1200) 461.57 (16,300) 22.65 (800) 38.8 (13,000) 140 (47,000) 327 (12.86) 16, 500
C338I 1-12 13 800 (2000) 237.85 (8400) 22.65 (800) 35.9 (12,000) 323 (108,000) 327 (12.86) 16, 500
C401 1 11 040 (1600) 269.00 (9500) 33.98 (1200) 52.0 (19,000) 57 (19,000) 452 (17.80) 14, 300
C402 1-2 11 040 (1600) 269.00 (9500) 42.48 (1500) 53.8 (18,000) 96 (32,000) 419 (16.50) 14, 300
C404A 1-5 13 800 (2000) 254.85 (9000) 22.65 (800) 44.8 (15,000) 170 (57,000) 381 (15.00) 14, 300
C404B 1-5 17 240 (2500) 254.85 (9000) 22.65 (800) 44.8 (15,000) 170 (57,000) 381 (15.00) 14, 300
C406A 2-6 13 800 (2000) 254.85 (9000) 22.65 (800) 44.8 (15,000) 254 (85,000) 381 (15.00) 14, 300
C406B 2-6 17 240 (2500) 254.85 (9000) 22.65 (800) 44.8 (15,000) 254 (85,000) 381 (15.00) 14, 300
C451 1 15 500 (2250) 453.07 (16,000) 79.29 (2800) 66.0 (22,000) 66 (22,000) 560 (22.06) 12, 000
C452 1-2 15 500 (2250) 254.85 (9000) 99.10 (3500) 44.8 (15,000) 90 (30,000) 560 (22.06) 12, 000
C505J 1-5 2 760 (400) 566.34 (20,000) 70.80 (2500) 56.8 (19,000) 284 (95,000) 457 (22.06) 12,000
C505U 1-5 10 350 (1500) 509.71 (18,000) 62.30 (2200) 44.8 (15,000) 224 (75,000) 457 (18.00) 12, 500
C651 1 11 040 (1600) 566.34 (20,000) 113.27 (4000) 57.0 (19,000) 57 (19,000) 665 (26.17) 9730
C652 1-2 11 040 (1600) 566.34 (20,000) 141.59 (5000) 53.8 (18,000) 96 (32,000) 616 (24.25) 9730

(a) Capability of the compressor may vary depending upon maximum package speed, suction conditions, gas composition, impeller material and discharge condition.
(b) Mating flange limit could be lower than the case rating pressure.

C o m p r e s so r C a sin g D a t a

Maximum
Fra m e C o m p r e sso r W e i g ht , Su c t io n Po rt , D isc h a r g e Po rt ,
Si z e kg (lb) mm -kPa ( i n . - p s ig ) mm -kPa ( i n . - p s ig )

C160A 1066 (2350) 203-4137 (8-600) 203-4137 (8-600)

C160B 1066 (2350) 152-6205 (6-900) 152-6205 (6-900)
C160C 1066 (2350) 203-4137 (8-600) 152-6205 (6-900)
C160RA 1996 (4400) 203-6205 (8-900) 203-6205 (8-900)
C160RB 1996 (4400) 203-10 342 (8-1500) 203-10 342 (8-1500)
C166S 2631 (5800) 203-17 237 (8-2500) 203-17 237 (8-2500)
C167 515 (7750) 356-4137 (14-600) 356-4137 (14-600)
C284 3084 (6800) 305-2758 (12-400) 305-2758 (12-400)
C304 4264 (9400) 406-6205 (16-900) 406-6205 (16-900)
C306 5443 (12,000) 406-6205 (16-900) 406-6205 (16-900)
C334I 5443 (12,000) 406-6205 (16-900) 406-6205 (16-900)
C336I 7031 (15,500) 406-6205 (16-900) 406-6205 (16-900)
C337I 9526 (21,000) 610-4137 (24-600) 610-4137 (24-600)
C338I 7983 (17,600) 406-6205 (16-900) 406-6205 (16-900)
C401 752 (21,500) 508-6205 (20-900) 508-6205 (20-900)
C402 12 200 (26,900) 508-6205 (20-900) 508-6205 (20-900)
C404A 10 569 (23,300) 406-6205 (16-900) 406-6205 (16-900)
C404B 10 569 (23,300) 406-10 324 (16-1500) 406-10 324 (16-1500)
C406A 12 088 (26,650) 406-6205 (16-900) 406-6205 (16-900)
C406B 12 088 (26,650) 406-10 324 (16-1500) 406-10 324 (16-1500)
C451 19 051 (42,000) 610-6205 (24-900) 610-6205 (24-900)
C452 22 680 (50,000) 610-6205 (24-900) 610-6205 (24-900)
C505J 9072 (20,000) 610-2068 (24-300) 610-2068 (24-300)
C505U 19 278 (42,500) 610-6205 (24-900) 610-6205 (24-900)
C651 28 350 (62,500) 762-6205 (30-900) 762-6205 (30-900)
C652 34 474 (76,000) 762-6205 (30-900) 762-6205 (30-900)

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C o ntro l Sy ste m
TURBO TRO N IC C O N TRO LS
The Turbotronic ™ control system is a highly inte-
grated programmable logic controller (PLC) based
control system with a video display terminal (VDT)
and operator interface panel. The main elements of
the system are the PLC, input/output modules, VDT,
relay backup system, control and monitoring soft-
ware, freestanding console, and the package sensing
and control elements.
C O N TRO L OPERATIO N
The control system, operating on 24-Vdc power,
provides for automatic starting, acceleration to oper-
ating speed, sequencing control, gas turbine and
driven compressor monitoring during operation, and
normal and malfunction shutdown.
During operation, the control system, by means of
automatic warning and shutdown devices, protects
the gas turbine and driven compressor from possible
damage resulting from hazards such as turbine
overspeed, high turbine temperature, low lubricating
oil pressure, and excessive oil temperature.
The PLC performs control, sequencing and protec-
tion functions, as well as detection and annunciation
of abnormal operating conditions. The PLC also con-
trols start-up, operation, and shutdown sequences.
Control for these functions comes from signals the
microprocessor receives from solid-state devices,
control switches, speed probes, pressure and tem-
perature transmitters, relays, and solid-state vibration
monitors. These components provide the PLC with
the data necessary to control and maintain gas turbine
speed and temperature at safe levels.
In the event of an abnormal condition or malfunc-
tion, the control system indicates the nature of the
malfunction. When an alarm or shutdown is displayed
on the VDT, a sequence of appropriate operations
begins in response to the detected condition. In the
event of a control system failure, the backup relay
system provides for a safe and orderly shutdown. The
backup relays operate the lubricating oil system and
other subsystems, as required, to avoid gas turbine
and driven compressor damage during shutdown.
C O N TRO L SYSTEM C O M PON ENTS
The control system is normally provided in a free-
standing, nonexplosionproof, front-access console.
The console is designed for mounting in a nonhazard-
10
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ous area. The gas turbine control panel, with all
necessary switches and indicators for gas turbine
operational status, is installed on the front of the
control console. All components within the console
are factory interconnected and wired to terminal strips
to facilitate user connection to the turbomachinery
package and other equipment as necessary. Labels
and labeled user connections are in English, but can
be provided in other languages. The package param-
eters displayed on the VDT can be in SI, Metric or
English units.
Please refer to Solar’s publication BTT(1),
“Turbotronic Systems,” for additional information.
Controls and Instrumentation
Typical gas turbine controls located on the face of
the console include the following:
O pe ra tion Swi tc he s.
• Off/Local/Remote (control selector with lock-
able positions)
• Start
• Normal Stop (shutdown with normal no-load
cooldown)
• Emergency Stop (shutdown without cooldown)
• Horn Silence, audible alarm
• Acknowledge (alarms and shutdowns)
• Reset (alarms and shutdowns)
• Lamp Test
• Backup Reset
• Speed Control (increase and decrease)
• Manual Antisurge Valve (open/close) (with
optional surge control system)
• Series/Parallel Select (with series/parallel
compressor)
• Load Set Point Auto/Manual (with process
control option)
• Test Crank
• Gas Turbine Wash (with selected option)
O pe ra tion I ndi c a tion Ligh ts.
• Local/Remote
• Ready
• Starting
• Ready to Load
• On Load
• Backup Active
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View A
6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17

18 19 20 21 2425 26 27
1 22 23
28 29 30 31 34 35 36 37

32
2
(see View A) m
m" 1. CO2 Release Button (a)
6 0
3 8 9 2. Turbine Control Panel
2 3. Video Display Terminal
2 22. Off/Local/Remote Switch
4. Numeric Key Pad
4 5. Function Keys
6. Unit Ready Indicator
5 7. Starting Indicator
8. Ready to Load Indicator
9. On Load Indicator
10. Spare Indicator
11. Local/Remote Operation Indicator
12. Spare Indicator
13. Cooldown Indicator
14. Stopping Indicator
15. Alarm Summary Indicator
16. Shutdown Summary Indicator
17. Backup Active Indicator
1448 mm 18. Gas Select Indicator
(57") 19. Liquid Select Indicator
33
20. Open LP Surge Control Valve (b)
21. Close LP Surge Control Valve (b)
23. Emergency Stop Button
24. Open IP Surge Control Valve (b)
25. Close IP Surge Control Valve (b)
26. Open HP Surge Control Valve (b)
27. Close HP Surge Control Valve (b)
28. Horn Silence Switch
29. Acknowledge Switch
30. Reset Switch
31. Lamp Test Switch
32. Backup Reset Switch
33. Normal Stop Switch
34. Start Switch
35. Auto/Manual Switch
36. Speed Decrease Switch
37. Speed Increase Switch

NOTE: (a) Optional with fire detection system

(b) Optional with gas compressor surge control system
PA98022M

Typ ica l Turbotronic C ontrol C on sole

• Cooldown • Data Download – saves selected range of data

• Stopping for use in playback mode
• Alarm Summary • Program Constants – display and modification
• Shutdown Summary (lockout) of constant values (K-values)
Loc a l V i de o D i s pl a y Te rm i na l • System Manager – display of system mainte-
nance screens
The operator interface is a color video display termi-
• Unit Valve Summary (when appropriate for
nal, which allows the operator to address and monitor
application)
most vital parameters in the system. The following
displays and features are typical:
• Operation Summary – operating mode, status
and analog information
• Temperature Summary
• Vibration Summary (with vibration monitoring
option)
• Meters – display of all analog parameters
• First-Out Alarms – status display of first four
alarms/shutdowns
• Alarms – listing of alarms/shutdowns with time
and date stamp
• Trigger Log – when selected event occurs,
stores data in RAM for later viewing
PA98024M/S
• Discrete Event Log – history of all discrete
changes Ty p i c a l O p e ra t io n Su m m a ry D isp l a y

11

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Ty p i c a l G a s Tu rb i n e P a c k a g e A l a r m a n d S hu td o w n I n d ic a t io n s

In d ic a tio n A la rm Sh u td o w n Su p p lie d w ith

Tu r b i n e Sy s te m s
Turbine Temperature (T5) High FSL Basic Set
Turbine Temperature (T 5) High Delayed Shutdown X CSN Basic Set
Gas Generator and Power Turbine Thrust Bearing X FSL Thrust Bearing Temperature Monitoring
Temperature High (Provided on Centaur 50 and Taurus 60.
Not available on Centaur 40.)
Ignition Failure FSN Basic Set
Power Turbine Overspeed FSN Basic Set
Power Turbine Backup Overspeed FSL Basic Set
Power Turbine Underspeed FSN Basic Set
Gas Turbine Flameout FSN Exhaust Heat Recovery Interface
Vibration High (Turbine Summary) X FSN Vibration Monitoring
Vibration High, Individual Channels X FSN Vibration Monitoring
Gas Generator Overspeed FSN Basic Set
T 5 ∆T High X Basic Set
Lube Oil Drain Temperature High, No. 1 Bearing X Lube Oil Drain Temperature Monitoring
Lube Oil Drain Temperature High, No. 2 & 3 Bearings X Lube Oil Drain Temperature Monitoring
Lube Oil Drain Temperature High, No. 4 & 5 Bearings X Lube Oil Drain Temperature Monitoring

NOx Concentration High X Predictive Emissions Monitoring

G e a rb o x Sy ste m s Gearbox Applications
Vibration High, Individual Channels X FSN Gearbox Vibration Monitoring
Lube Oil Drain Temperature High X CSN Gearbox Lube Oil Drain Temperature Monitoring

C o mp r e s s o r S y s t e ms
Discharge Pressure High X CSN Basic Set
Discharge Temperature High X FSN Basic Set
Suction Pressure Low X CSN Basic Set
Compressor Surge FSL Surge Detection System
Yard Valve Sequence Failure FSL Basic Set
Thrust Bearing Temperature High X FSL Thrust Bearing Temperature Monitoring
Suction Journal Bearing Temperature High X FSL Journal Bearing Temperature Monitoring
Discharge Journal Bearing Temperature High X FSL Journal Bearing Temperature Monitoring
Suction Lube Oil Drain Temperature High X Lube Oil Drain Temperature Monitoring
Discharge Lube Oil Drain Temperature High X Lube Oil Drain Temperature Monitoring
Suction Bearing Vibration High, per Channel X FSN Vibration Monitoring
Discharge Bearing Vibration High, per Channel X FSN Vibration Monitoring

C o n t r o l S y s t e ms
T1 RTD Failure CSL Basic Set
Multiple T5 TC Failure CSL Basic Set
T 5 Reference Junction RTD Failure CSL Basic Set
Vibration Monitor Failure X Basic Set
Power Turbine Breakaway Failure FSN Basic Set
Backup Overspeed Probe Open FSL Basic Set
Emergency Stop – Manual FSL Basic Set
Low Battery Voltage X FSL Basic Set
High Battery Voltage X Basic Set
Battery Charger Failure X Control Battery System
PLC Monitoring FSL Basic Set
Atmospheric Pressure Transmitter Failure X Predictive Emissions Monitoring
Atmospheric Humidity Transmitter Failure X Predictive Emissions Monitoring
Surge Control Transmitter Failure CSN Solar’s Surge Control
Gas/PCD ∆P Transmitter Failure FSL Basic Set
Lube Oil Header Temp RTD Failure CSL Basic Set
Fuel Primary Valve Output Module Failure FSL Basic Set
Fuel Secondary Valve Output Module Failure FSL Basic Set

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Ty p i c a l G a s Tu rb i n e P a c k a g e A l a rm a n d Sh u td o w n I n d i c a t io n s, C o n td

In d ic a tio n A la rm Sh u td o w n Su p p lie d w ith

Sta rt System
Fail to Crank FSN Basic Set
Fall to Start FSN Basic Set

Fue l System
Gas Fuel Start Flow High X FSN Basic Set
Gas Fuel Supply Pressure High X FSL Basic Set
Gas Fuel Supply Pressure Low X Basic Set
Gas Fuel Valve Fail FSN Basic Set

Lub ric a tion System

Lube Oil Tank Temperature Low FSN Basic Set
Lube Oil Header Temperature High X CSN Basic Set
Oil Pressure Low X FSL Basic Set
Prelube Oil Pressure Low FSN Basic Set
Oil Level Low X CSL Basic Set
Oil Level High X Lube Oil Auto-Fill System
Oil Filter ∆P High X Basic Set
Lube Oil Tank Pressure High X CSN Lube Tank Ventilation
Backup Postlube Pressure Low FSL Backup Postlube Pump

Se a l System
Seal Gas Filter ∆P High X Dry Seal
Seal Gas ∆P Low X FSL Dry Seal
Seal Leakage Discharge High X FSL Dry Seal
Seal Leakage Suction High X FSL Dry Seal
Buffer Air ∆P Low X CSN Dry Seal
Seal Oil ∆P Low X FSL Oil Seal
Seal Oil Filter ∆P High X Oil Seal
Seal Buffer Gas ∆ P High X Oil Seal
Seal Buffer Gas ∆P Low X Oil Seal

A n c i ll a r y S y st e m s
Inlet Air Filter ∆P High X CSN Inlet Air Filter Air

Inlet Air Filter Blower Motor Failure X Inlet Air Filters with Scavenge Fan
Enclosure Ventilation Failure FSL Enclosure
Enclosure Temperature High X Enclosure Alarms
Enclosure Pressure Low X Pressurized Enclosure
Gas LEL High, Enclosure X FSL Gas Detection System
Gas Level Transducer Failure X Gas Detection System
Fire System Fault X Basic Set
Fire System Locked Out X Fire Protection System
Fire System Fire Detected FSL Fire Protection System
Fire System Discharged FSL Fire Protection System
Enclosure Vent Filter ∆P High X Enclosure Vent Filter
Fuel Gas Filter ∆P High X Requires External Input Signal
Evaporative Cooler System Failure X Inlet Evaporative Cooler
Exhaust Heat Recovery System Gas Turbine Start Inhibit X CSN Requires External Input Signal
Exhaust Heat Recovery System Malfunction X FSL Requires External Input Signal

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Ty p i c a l G a s Tu rb i n e P a c k a g e A l a rm a n d Sh u td o w n I n d i c a t io n s, C o n td

In d ic a tio n A la rm Sh u t d o w n Su p p lie d w ith

Ex t e r n a l P ro c e s s Sy s te m s
Gas Scrubber 1 Level High FSN Requires External Input Signal
Gas Scrubber 2 Level High FSN Requires External Input Signal
Gas Scrubber 3 Level High FSN Requires External Input Signal
Gas Scrubber 1 Level Low FSN Requires External Input Signal
Gas Scrubber 2 Level Low FSN Requires External Input Signal
Gas Scrubber 3 Level Low FSN Requires External Input Signal
Station Gas Cooler Discharge Temperature High FSN Requires External Input Signal
Gas Cooler 1 Discharge Temperature High FSN Requires External Input Signal
Gas Cooler 2 Discharge Temperature High FSN Requires External Input Signal
Gas Cooler 3 Discharge Temperature High FSN Requires External Input Signal
Station Gas Cooler Vibration High FSN Requires External Input Signal
Gas Cooler 1 Vibration High FSN Requires External Input Signal
Gas Cooler 2 Vibration High FSN Requires External Input Signal
Gas Cooler 3 Vibration High FSN Requires External Input Signal

CSL = C oo ld ow n S to p L oc ko ut, i ni ti ated b y a utomatic s hu td ow n

CSN = Cooldown Stop Nonlockout, initiated by automatic shutdown and Stop button
FSL = Fast Stop Lockout, initiated by automatic shutdown and Emergency Stop button
FSN = F as t S to p N on lo ck ou t, i ni ti ated b y a utomatic s hu td ow n

Cooldown: Driven equipment load is shed and unit is run at no-load for five minutes at idle speed before shutdown.
Fast Stop: Driven equipment load is shed and unit is shutdown immediately.
Lockout: System is reset from local gas turbine control panel only.
Nonlockout: System is reset from local gas turbine control panel or optional remote video display, optional serial link
interface or customer provided switch.

Data stored in memory (such as trigger log, data G a s Turbi ne C om pre s s or C l e a ni ng

download and optional historical displays) can also be
viewed using the Playback (Online and Off-line) Modes.
C O N TRO L SYSTEM O PTIO N S
Local and Remote Video Display
Te rm i na l (O pti ona l )
In addition to the local display terminal described
above, a remote VDT is supplied for display and
control of specific functions. The display provides all
of the information available on the control console
VDT, but at a separate location. Screen displays can
be selected independent of the control console-
mounted VDT and include the ability to start, normal
stop, acknowledge, reset and control package speed/
load set point.
The remote VDT and control operate over a user-
supplied RS232C serial link connected to the local gas
turbine control console and can be connected up to 15
m (50 ft). For longer distances, boosters, converters,
modems, telemetry, or common carrier approaches
may be used.
S y s te m s , O n-C ra nk a nd O n-l i ne
(Optional)
Two separate compressor cleaning systems are avail-
able. These systems are designed for washing the
contaminating deposits of dust, salt, oil or other
impurities which may collect on the gas turbine com-
pressor blades and degrade gas turbine performance.
Both systems include a distribution manifold with
spray nozzles and associated onskid piping and
solenoid-operated shutoff valves. With the on-crank
system, the gas turbine is operated at the maximum
speed attainable from the start system, with fuel and
ignition systems deactivated. The on-line cleaning
system is operable between 90% and 100% gas
generator speed, with or without load on the driven
equipment. The on-line system is available as a
supplement to the on-crank system and does not
replace the requirement for periodic on-crank deter-
gent or fluid cleaning (depending on site-specific
contamination). Gas turbine cranking is initiated from
the onskid gauge panel or the control console operator

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interface panel and water/cleaning solution flow is The following table provides a summary of the
activated from the operator interface panel. available configurations:
V i bra tion M oni toring Sy ste m s (O p tiona l)
This system consists of a Bently Nevada Model 2201 A v a i la b l e V ib r a t i o n M o n i to r in g C o n f ig u r a t io n s
vibration monitoring system designed specifically to
operate within and interface directly with the Turbotronic Q u a n tity Ty p e Lo c a tio n
PLC. As an integral part of the monitoring system, the G a s Turbine
PLC is used to configure the 2201 system which 2 Velocity Gas Turbine Diffuser/
communicates monitoring status back to the PLC. Power Turbine Case
The reading of current values, processing of alarm 5 Proximity 1Y each Bearing
signals, and system configuration are some of the (Not available on Centaur 40.)
10 Proximity 1X and 1Y each Bearing
functions performed by the PLC. The 2201 system
(Not available on Centaur 40.)
monitor and associated channel monitors plug into the
Gearbox
Turbotronic chassis and receive input power from
2 Accelerometer Gearbox Case
the PLC. User interface with the monitor is provided
2 Proximity 1Y each Input and Output Shaft
via the PLC video display terminal (VDT). The system Radial Bearing
monitor communicates with the PLC as an intelligent 4 Proximity 1X and 1Y each Input and Output
I/O module employing block transfer for configuration Shaft Radial Bearing

and transferring data to the PLC. Some alarm Compressors

information is accomplished via discrete data status
trans-
fer. All data available to the PLC are also available via
serial link for user remote monitoring, diagnostics and
trending.
Several different package vibration monitoring
configurations are available to provide vibration indi-
cation and protection through preset warning indica-
tion and shutdown initiation in the event of unacceptable
vibration levels in the gas turbine, gearbox and com-
pressor. Vibration level, alarm and shutdown indica-
tions are displayed on the control system video
display terminal. The available configurations provide
a varying degree of protection and transducer types.
Gas turbine vibration monitoring is available with
velocity transducers mounted on the gas turbine
diffuser case and the power turbine case, or single
proximity probes at each of the five gas turbine
bearings, or two proximity probes placed 90 degrees
apart at each gas turbine bearing. In addition, both
types of transducers may be employed using the
velocity transducers for package alarm and protection
and the proximity probes for gas turbine diagnostics.
Gearbox vibration monitoring is also available us-
ing either accelerometers, single proximity probes or
dual proximity probes at the input and output shaft
bearings. The vibration monitoring system will also
accommodate as many channels as are required from
velocity, accelerometer or proximity probe inputs to
support the compressor vibration monitoring and pro-
tection requirements.
A power turbine keyphasor is also available for
use with the dual proximity probe configuration to
provide additional vibration diagnostic capability with
the use of externally applied diagnostic equipment.
As Required X and Y proximity probes, keyphasors, and bearing
temperature sensors
G a s Turbine Thrust Be a ring Te m p e ra ture
Moni tori ng (O pti ona l – N ot a v a i l a bl e on
C e n t a u r 4 0)
The gas turbine thrust bearing temperature monitoring
system provides temperature indication and protec-
tion through preset warning indication and shutdown
initiation in the event of unacceptable gas turbine
thrust bearing temperature. The system monitors
RTDs at both the gas generator and power turbine
thrust bearings. Temperature level, alarm and shut-
down indications are displayed on the control system
video display terminal.
Lube Oil Drain Temperature Monitoring
(Optional)
Lube oil drain temperature monitoring system options
are available to provide temperature indication and
preset warning in the event of unacceptable lube oil
drain temperature. Options are available for monitor-
ing RTDs located in the gas turbine, gearbox, and
compressor lube oil drain lines. Temperature level and
alarm indications are displayed on the control system
video display terminal.
G a s Turbi ne P e rform a nc e M a p D i spl a y
(Optional)
The gas turbine performance map displays real-
time gas turbine performance corrected to standard
conditions. The performance map is essentially

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for reference and is used to monitor trends in gas
turbine performance, not to verify absolute gas tur-
bine performance levels. The system includes instru-
mentation to measure flow of the fuel to the gas
turbine and requires certain static and dynamic inputs
from the driven equipment. (See “Gas Compressor
Performance
surement, an Map Display.”)
orificed For run
metering gasisfuel flow mea-
provided for
offskid field installation. The metering run includes
an upstream pressure transmitter, an orifice delta P
transmitter and thermowell with RTD. For liquid
fuel flow measurement, an onskid rotary transducer
is provided.
Historic a l Disp lay s (O p tion a l)
The following maintenance and diagnostic programs
are available to assist in routine monitoring of the gas
turbine condition, as well as to make informed pre-
dictions of the future health of the unit. The historical
display optionand
time display includes running
predictive time
trend display, elapsed
monitoring as de-
scribed below:
Running Time Disp lay . The running time display
feature provides a four-channel strip chart recorder
format displayed on the video display terminal. It
provides simultaneous plots of multiple, operator-
selected analog variables in real time of four select-
able variables at selected time scales. Each plot is
scaled for the selected variable and displays the
numerical value of the raw data for each variable for
actual running time only. Data are compressed after a
period of time by averaging groups of data points so
successively longer-term data are stored. Data are
stored only while the gas turbine is running so that
trends relate to only operational data. Any four param-
eters may be displayed at one time. Data to be plotted
are chosen from an array of gas turbine and compres-
sor parameters, including lube temperature, gas tur-
bine temperature, gas turbine pressures, gas turbine
vibration, air inlet system, and gas compressor data.
E l a ps e d Ti me D i s pl a y . The elapsed time display
feature is used for plotting and determining trends in
gas turbine or gas compressor data. Selected analog
variables are stored on disk whether or not the unit is
in operation,
stored providing a Data
analog parameters. continuous data
are saved file of all
at predeter-
mined intervals and can be retrieved for analysis.
Typically, data are stored at hourly intervals with
approximately one month of data per disk.
Pre d ictive Tre nd M on itoring . The predictive trend
monitoring feature analyzes the running time his-
torical data base and approximates the future
analog signal trends. Deteriorating trends result
in a display that has the trend line intersecting a
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predetermined alarm and shutdown level at a defined
future time.
Printe r/ Log g e r (O p tiona l)
The data logging and print system provides event
logger, standard report form and screen print func-
tions. The system
a table-top consists ofdot-matrix
80/160-column the controlprinter,
software and
avail-
able in 120 or 240 Vac, single phase, 50/60 Hz and a
7.6-m (25-ft) interconnect cable. For multiple unit
applications, the control software can be configured
for a dedicated printer for each unit or one printer for
several units.
The following functions are provided:
• Status Print – current value of analog and status
of discrete variables. Menu selectable and auto-
matically generated on shutdown event followed
by first-out alarm print.
• Alarm Logging – prints alarm with time and
date stamp.
• Daily Log – last 24 hours of elapsed time data.
• Print Screen – prints current screen.
• Historical Files – prints data from all histori-
cal files.
Pre d ictive Em issions M o nito ring Syste m
(Optional)
The predictive emissions monitoring system (PEMS)
predicts NOx (oxides of nitrogen) emissions concen-
tration and flow in the gas turbine exhaust. The
system
monoxide) does not measure
or UHC or hydrocarbons)
(unburned predict CO (carbon
emis-
sions. The predictions are based on gas turbine
measured T1 and T5 temperature and gas turbine inlet
air pressure and relative humidity. The calculations
are done once per minute. The concentration predic-
tions are averaged to provide hourly averages. The
flow predictions are totalized to provide hourly, daily,
monthly and annual totals. The results are displayed
on the video display terminal. A daily report is logged
on a printer, listing the average concentration and flow
for each of the 24 hours of the previous day. (The
printer/logger option must be provided with this op-
tion.) The system absolute pressure transducer is
mounted on the turbomachinery package. The sys-
tem printer and humidity transmitter are shipped loose
for installation by the purchaser.
Sup e rvisory Interfa c e – Se rial Link
(Optional)
The following serial interface options provide a set
of analog and discrete data from the Turbotronic
control system. Includes definition of the PLC com-
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munication interface data structure to facilitate user
development of the supervisory side of the interface.
The user may:
1. Request the “standard message” from the PLC
2. Read specific memory locations
3. Send supervisory control signals
The standard message provides the same data
used by the display system, including all input ana-
logs, a number of computed values, status indications
and all active alarms and shutdowns.
Typical data include:
• Gas compressor status
• Gas generator turbine speed
• Power turbine speed
• Turbine T5 temperature
• Lube oil header pressure
• Lube oil temperature
• Ambient temperature
• All alarms and shutdowns
• All panel light status
Supervisory control signals include:
• Start
• Stop
• Acknowledge/Reset
• Remote Speed/Load Set Point
The available options are:
Re m ote RS2 3 2 C / 4 2 2 (D F1 ). (Optional) A table-top-
mounted interface module is provided which
connects to the control system via the Data Highway
Plus network. The module can be located up to
3048 m (10,000 ft) from the control system. The serial
link uses the DF1 protocol. The module is connected
to the user’s device through an RS232C serial port
for applications located within 15 m (50 ft) or an RS422
serial port for applications located within 1219 m
(4000 ft). The module requires a 120-Vac, 50/60-Hz
power supply.
Loc a l RS232C (DF1). (Optional) A console PLC rack-
mounted interface module is provided which connects
to the control system via the Data Highway Plus
network. The serial link uses the DF1 protocol. The
module is connected to the user’s device through an
RS232C serial port for applications located within
15 m (50 ft).
Loc a l RS2 3 2 C , M o db us. (Optional) A console PLC
rack-mounted interface module is provided which
connects to the control system through the PLC
backplane. The serial link uses a subset of the remote
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terminal unit (RTU) version of the Modbus protocol.
The module acts as a Modbus slave device to com-
municate with the user’s Modbus master device. The
module is connected to the user’s device through an
RS232C serial link for applications within 15 m (50 ft)
and an RS422 for applications within 1219 m (4000 ft).
Distances
converters,greater than
telemetry this maycarrier
or common require boosters,
approaches.
S pa re I nputs a nd O utputs (O pti ona l )
Options are available for an additional 10%, 15% or
20% spare input/output analog/discrete channels for
customer use. Does not include any signal condition-
ing or programming.
Externa l Proc e ss M a lfunc tion O ve rrid e
(Optional)
This system provides a temporary bypass of speci-
fied user and package-related shutdowns. Shutdowns
related to the
applicable, protection
and of the gasare
gas compressor turbine, gearbox
excluded. if
Up to
24 preselected shutdown malfunctions can be by-
passed for a limited time for the purpose of testing the
functionality of the sensing equipment. The bypass is
activated by the operator at a specific user inter-
face screen.
PLC Field Programming (Optional)
This feature allows the user, through predefined secu-
rity access, to change the programming of control
sequence, logic and values within the microproces-
sor. Includes programming software, interface card,
and instruction manual. A laptop computer for inter-
face to the microprocessor may also be provided.
H e a t R e c ov e ry A ppl i c a ti on I nte rfa c e
a n d / o r C o n t ro l ( O p tio n a l)
This option provides the gas turbine control system
modifications necessary to provide an interface be-
tween the gas turbine control system and the heat
recovery control system. The modifications can in-
clude provisions to receive a “start permissive” signal
from the heat recovery controls, to have an extended
start cycle designed to purge the exhaust bypass, to
have a gas turbine flameout protection system, to
receive a malfunction shutdown signal from the heat
recovery controls, and to send a malfunction shut-
down signal to the heat recovery control in the event
of a gas turbine shutdown. In addition, the heat
recovery control may use the gas turbine Ready to
Load signals as an indicator to begin operation. Also
available is an expanded control scope to provide
control of the diverter valve only or to provide the
entire heat recovery device controls. The control’s
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interface is limited to heat recovery applications
where the gas or dual fuel gas turbine package is
operating in conjunction with one heat recovery sys-
tem with a diverter valve and without supplemental
duct burning. The complete heat recovery control
option may accommodate more complex heat recov-
ery systems.
G AS C O M PRESSO R C O NTRO LS AN D
MONITORING
P roc e s s C ontrol (O pti ona l )
The process control options provide for unit control
based on the gas compressor suction pressure, dis-
charge pressure, flow or combinations of these pa-
rameters. Local and remote set-point adjustment is
included. An on-screen mimic diagram of the process
can also be provided. The necessary transmitters are
provided by Solar.
Disc ha rg e a nd Suc tion Pre ssure
S hutdow n S w i tc h (O pti ona l )
The basic package may be supplied with gas com-
pressor suction and discharge pressure transmitters
and associated control system logic to provide for
indication, warning alarm, and unit shutdown when the
discharge pressure exceeds a preset value. This
option is to provide a pressure switch for the shutdown
function in lieu of the transmitter signal. The transmit-
ter is still used for warning alarm and indication, but
the shutdown function is controlled by the indepen-
dent pressure switch.
Gas Compressor Antisurge Control
System (Optional)
Surge at a given gas compressor speed is caused by
excessive head across the gas compressor (isen-
tropic head) for a given suction flow rate. Therefore,
surge in the gas compressor may be controlled by
decreasing the head across the gas compressor and/
or by increasing the flow rate of the gas to the suction
side of the gas compressor.
The antisurge control system prevents surge by
modulating a surge control (bypass) valve to lower
head and increase suction flow. A typical system
consists of pressure and temperature transmitters on
the gas compressor suction and discharge lines,
a flow differential pressure transmitter across the
suction flow meter, an algorithm in the control sys-
tem, and a surge control valve with corresponding
accessories to keep the gas compressor from going
into surge.
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Typical system scope includes the following:
• Engineering to determine the optimum control
algorithms
• PLC software programmed and tested for the
selected gas compressor staging
• Engineering to specify the antisurge control
valve and accessories, including valve perfor-
mance evaluation over the gas compressor
performance map at varying valve positions
• Engineering to specify the flow meter type
and size
• Evaluation of user piping and instrumenta-
tion diagram
• Documentation, including all surge control cal-
culations and program constants
• Gas compressor flow versus differential pres-
sure control with suction pressure and tempera-
ture compensation
• Automatic override of manual control mode
• Speed set-point decoupling
• Surge detection with step valve opening
• On-screen, real-time graphic displays
• On-screen, real-time control parameter setting
• All surge control parameters are available for
remote monitoring via serial link.
• Suction flow transmitter – shipped separately for
installation by purchaser
• Suction pressure transmitter – shipped sepa-
rately for installation by purchaser
• Discharge pressure transmitter – shipped sepa-
rately for installation by purchaser
The following components and information are
required from the purchaser in order to facilitate the
surge control system design and onsite operation:
• Expected gas compressor operating condition
range for suction pressure (P 1), suction tem-
perature (T1), discharge pressure (P2), flow and
gas specific gravity
• Flow meter specification sheet
• Purchaser piping and instrumentation diagram
including suction and recycle pipe size and
schedule
• Antisurge control (recycle) valve and specifica-
tion sheet, unless included in Solar’s scope
• Suction gas temperature signal (100-ohm plati-
num RTD preferred)
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G a s C om pre s s or S urge D e te c ti on indications are displayed on the control system video

System (Optional) display terminal.
For applications without an antisurge control system
Gas Compressor Performance Map
supplied by Solar, a gas compressor surge detection
Display (Optional)
system is recommended. The system detects gas
compressor discharge pressure pulsations and ini- This feature provides for the display of a real-time gas
tiates a gas turbine shutdown if pulsations exceed a compressor nominal head-versus-cfm performance
preset value within a predetermined time period. map and shows the position of the actual operating
point. The primary sensing elements are not included.
A nti s urge R e c y c l e V a l v e (O pti ona l ) The accuracy of the map is commensurate with the
A wide variety of antisurge valves are available to accuracy of the sensing instrumentation. Gas com-
facilitate the antisurge control system operation. pressor performance checkpoint data must be sub-
Valves are available in 51, 76, 102, 152, 203, 254, and mitted to Solar in a specific format. Gas compressor
305 mm (2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 10 and 12 in.) sizes from two maps are limited to one gas composition. Side streams,
different valve manufacturers. changing gas composition or other factors which can
H i gh D i s c ha rge Te m pe ra ture S hutdow n change gas compressor performance characteristics
S w i tc h (O pti ona l ) must be reviewed to confirm compatibility with the
software program. The gas turbine performance map
The basic package may be supplied with a gas
display option, described previously, requires this
compressor
ated control discharge temperature
system logic RTD
to provide forand associ-
indication, feature.
warning alarm, and unit shutdown when the discharge
C O N TRO L SYSTEM A C C ESSO RIES
temperature exceeds a preset value. This option is
to provide a temperature switch for the shutdown C ontrol Ba tte ry / C ha rge r Sy ste m
function in lieu of the RTD signal. The RTD is still used (Optional)
for warning alarm and indication, but the shutdown The control battery/charger system supplies the nec-
function is controlled by the independent tempera- essary 24-Vdc power for the operation of the gas
ture switch. turbine control system. The 135-ampere-hour lead
Gas Compressor Journal Bearing acid, 150-ampere-hour lead calcium, or 102-ampere-
Te m pe ra ture M oni toring (O ptiona l) hour nickel cadmium batteries and integrated 50-
ampere charger are mounted in a nonhazardous,
The gas compressor journal bearing temperature moni-
freestanding, weatherproof National Electrical Manu-
toring system
protection provides
through presettemperature indication
warning indication and
and shut- facturers’ Association (NEMA) 3R cabinet. The charger
is available with 240/480-Vac, 208/220/230-Vac
down initiation in the event of unacceptable journal
and 120/240-Vac, 50 or 60-Hz, single-phase inputs.
bearing temperature. The system monitors either
thermocouples or RTDs, depending on the type of
signal provided by the gas compressor, with as many
787 mm 1003 mm
channels as required by the gas compressor configu- (2' 7") (3' 3-1/2")
ration. Temperature level, alarm and shutdown indica- BATTERY
CHARGER
tions are displayed on the control system video
BAFFLE
display terminal.
CONTROL
m
G a s C om p re ssor Thrust Be a ring PANEL
(inside door)
m )'
9 (4
Te m pe ra ture M oni toring (O ptiona l) 1
2
1
DOOR
The gas
toring compressor
system thrust
provides bearing temperature
temperature indicationmoni-
and
BATTERY
protection through preset warning indication and shut- COMPARTMENT
down initiation in the event of unacceptable thrust WITH RACKS
673 mm 927 mm
bearing temperature. The system monitors either (2' 2-1/2") (3' 1/2")
thermocouples or RTDs, depending on the type of FRONT AND REAR KICKPLATE
signal provided by the gas compressor, with as FOR WIRING CONNECTIONS PA98026M

many channels as required by the gas compressor

configuration. Temperature level, alarm and shutdown Ty p i c a l Ba tt e ry a n d C h a rg e r C a b i n e t

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Lead acid batteries are shipped dry; the electrolyte is
not included.
C ontrol a nd D C Lube P um p B a tte ry /
C ha rge r S y s te m (O pti ona l )
This battery/charger system supplies the necessary
control system and dc postlube backup pump. The
250-ampere-hour lead calcium or 184-ampere-hour
nickel cadmium batteries and integrated 50-ampere
charger are mounted in a nonhazardous, freestand-
ing, weatherproof NEMA 3R cabinet. The charger is
available with 240/480-Vac, 208/220/230-Vac

24-Vdc power for the operation of the gas turbine and 120/240-Vac, 50 or 60-Hz, single-phase inputs.

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Sta rt Sy ste m s
PN EUM A TIC STA RT SYSTEM
The pneumatic start system is especially suited for
gas turbine starting requirements and can use either
gas or compressed air as a power source. Compo-
nents of the standard system included with the pack-
age are a strainer, shutoff valve, starter motors, and
associated stainless steel piping and manifolds.
The turbine starter motors are mounted on the
forward side of the accessory gear housing and
transmit starting power to the gas turbine via a
common overrunning clutch and shaft. When the gas
generator reaches starter dropout speed, the starter
motors shut down and the clutch overruns.
D IREC T- D RIV E A C STA RT SYSTEM
The direct-drive ac (DAC) start system consists of a
squirrel cage, three-phase, ac induction motor with a
solid-state variable frequency drive (VFD). The start
motor is mounted directly on the gas turbine acces-
sory drive gearbox. Starting power is transmitted to
LEGEND
G Air/Gas
V Vent PILOT
AIR/GAS
SUPPLY
STRAINER
AIR/GAS
G G
SUPPLY
SKID
EDGE
Typ ica l P neum a tic Start Syste m
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the gas turbine via the accessory drive gearbox and
overrunning clutch and shaft assembly.
The VFD requires a supply of three-phase, 380-
to-575 volt, 50/60-Hz ac power. The VFD regulates
the voltage and frequency to the start motor as
required to initiate gas turbine rotation, accelerate to
purge speed, and then accelerate to ignition and
starter dropout speed as commanded by the
Turbotronic control system.
The VFD cabinet is shipped separately for installa-
tion in an appropriate nonhazardous location and
provides for direct across-the-line starting control of
the motor. The typical maximum symmetrical fault
current capacity of the VFD is 25,000 amps. Feeder
circuits exceeding this limit require the use of an
isolation transformer, line reactor or other means
of adding similar impedance to limit fault current.
Electric disconnects and overcurrent protection de-
vices are normally provided by others. The power
cable run from the VFD to the start motor should not
exceed 183 m (600 ft).
V V
G STARTER TO
MOTOR TURBINE
V
STARTER
TO
MOTOR TURBINE
SHUTOFF
VALVE
PA98027M
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ADAPTER HUB
VARIABLE COUPLING/
FREQUENCY AC CLUTCH GAS
DRIVE MOTOR ASSEMBLY TURBINE
CUSTOMER
AC INPUT

SKID
EDGE
PA98029M

Typ ica l D irec t-D rive A C Start Syste m

")
/8
5
-
0
1
'
2
(
m
m
0
8
8

421 mm (1' 4-1/2")

Depth - 322 mm (1' 5/8")
Weight - 70 kg (154 lb)
PA98030M

Ty p i c a l V a r ia b l e Fre q u e n c y D riv e C a b i n e t

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Fue l Sy ste m
N A TURA L G A S FUEL SYSTEM
The fuel system, in conjunction with the electric
control system, includes all necessary components
to control fuel at the proper schedule during start and
to modulate fuel flow during operation. The system
also provides temperature topping control of fuel flow
during start-up, acceleration and operation.
The system requires a natural gas supply that
conforms to Solar’s specification ES 9-98. The gas
should have a lower heating value (LHV) of 31 496 to
39 370 kJ/nm 3 (800 to 1000 Btu/scf) and should be
free of sulfur, contaminants, entrained water, and
liquid hydrocarbons.
The natural gas fuel system includes:
• Pilot-operated primary fuel shutoff valve
• Pilot-operated secondary fuel shutoff valve
• Natural gas electric fuel control valve
• 10-micron pilot gas filter
• Gas fuel pressure gauge
• Fuel injector assemblies
• Valve check pressure switch
• High gas fuel pressure shutdown switch
• Gas strainer (loose shipped for field installation)
• Torch ignitor
• Drain valves
• Vent valve
Component Operation
Fuel gas supply pressure required at the unit skid
must meet minimum pressure requirements or the low
pressure switch disables unit operation.
The primary fuel shutoff valve is a pneumatically
operated, spring-closed ball valve. Pilot gas pressure
is admitted and exhausted from the operator via an in-
tegral solenoid valve. Removal of pilot gas or electric
power will allow the springs to close the main valve.
The secondary (backup) fuel shutoff valve is pilot
gas operated by dual three-way solenoid valves.
When energized, these solenoid valves admit pilot
pressure to the valve-opening operator and exhaust
pressure from the valve-closing operator, causing the
main spool to shift to the open position. When
deenergized, these solenoid valves vent the opening
operator and supply pilot pressure in the closing
direction to close the secondary shutoff valve.
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During the unit start sequence, prior to ignition, the
primary and secondary fuel shutoff valves are both
operated to verify proper operation. This fuel valve
check sequence is verified by the valve-check pres-
sure switch located between the two valves.
Solar has developed an electric fuel control valve
which replaces the pressure regulator/gas loader,
throttle valve, and associated electrohydraulic actua-
tor. This system has improved light-off reliability and
enhanced performance flexibility to meet the demand-
ing requirements of SoLoNOx gas turbine configura-
tions and has allowed easier adjustments of fuel flow
schedules for steady-state and transient conditions.
The electrically controlled valve is composed of a
balanced poppet valve actuated by a proportional
solenoid-operated device mounted directly on the
valve. All components, including the electronics, are
packaged in a compact, lightweight housing con-
structed of either aluminum or stainless steel. Internal
metering components are stainless steel. The valve
assembly can operate in ambient and gas temper-
atures of 93°C (200°F). Control and actuation power
required is 24 Vdc and less than 65 watts. The valve
position is controlled by a 4-to-20 mA signal and the
valve provides a 4-to-20 mA feedback signal via an
integrated linear variable differential transformer
(LVDT). The valve is certified to Canadian Standards
Association (CSA) and NFPA/NEC Class I, Group D,
Division 1, as well as IEC Zone 1. A differential pres-
sure transmitter is included to measure the differential
pressure across the injectors in order to properly
schedule fuel flow during gas turbine light-off and
acceleration.
The fuel is distributed to the combustor via a fuel
gas manifold and fuel injectors.
SO LO N O x C O M BU STI O N
SoLoNOx combustion systems use special fuel injec-
tors, each with main and pilot fuel ports. The ratio of
fuel injected through these ports is controlled during
starting and operation to maintain a stable combustor
flame while minimizing the formation of NOx and CO
emissions. Combustion airflows, which affect the
emissions levels, are also regulated within allowable
limits using variable guide vanes and a bleed valve on
the axial air compressor.
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BLOCK GAS FUEL PRESSURE COMPRESSOR

PRESSURE VENT BLOCK AND E DISCHARGE
AND BLEED PRESSURE GAS VENT TRANSMITTER
TRANSMITTER BLEED VALVE PRESSURE
VALVE GAUGE VALVE
GAUGE
E

VALVE CHE CK ∆PRESSURE

GAS FUEL PRESSURE SWITCH PRESSURE
SUPPLY SWITCH CONTROL VALVE

ELECTRIC
PRIMARY CONTROL SIGNAL
STRAINER SHUTOFF
SECONDARY FROM PROCESS
VALVE CONTROL SYSTEM
SKID SHUTOFF
PILOT GAS FUEL CONTROL
EDGE VALVE
PRIMARY VALVE/ACTUATOR
SHUTOFF
VALVE
FILTER PILOT
SECONDARY
SHUTOFF
VALVE
PRESSURE
CONTROL CHECK
VALVE ORIFICE VALVE

PILOT GAS
RELIEF VALVE EXHAUST
PILOT GAS SUPPLY TO INJECTORS
PNEUMATIC START SYSTEM GAS
AND PRE/POST LUBE PUMP MANIFOLD
AIR BLEED
INTAKE VALVE

COMBUSTOR
LEGEND:
= Main Fuel
Path
A = Air
VARIABLE COMPRESSOR
D = Drain GUIDE
VANES TORCH
E = Electrical
TORCH
G = Gas Fuel SHUTOFF
VALVE
O = Oil GUIDE VANE
ACTUATOR

V = Vent COMBUSTOR
DRAIN
VALVES

PACKAGE DRAIN
CONNECTION

PA98031M/S

Typ ica l N a tura l G a s Fue l Syste m

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Lub ric a tio n Sy ste m
BASIC LUBRIC A TIO N SYSTEM
The lube oil system is a complete system suitable for
operation with lube oil conforming to Solar’s specifica-
tion ES 9-224. The system, which circulates oil under
pressure to the various working parts of the gas
turbine and driven equipment, is supplied from the
lube oil tank located in the steel base frame. Proper oil
temperatures are maintained by thermostatic oil con-
trol valves and an optional oil cooler.
The lubrication system incorporates the following
components:
• Oil tank
• Gas turbine-driven primary pump
• Motor-driven pre/post pumps
• Duplex oil filters with replaceable five-micron
elements
• Offskid oil cooler (optional)
• Oil level, pressure and temperature gauges
• Oil pressure transducers
• Pressure and temperature regulators
• Strainers
The filters are supplied with a six-way transfer
valve, a differential pressure gauge, and differential
pressure alarm. includes all piping and manifolds
The system
internal to the skid. The interconnect piping between
the skid edge and the remote mounted oil cooler
(optional) is not supplied as part of this system unless
the cooler is provided as part of an enclosure roof-
mounted ancillary skid (optional).
When unit start-up is initiated, oil is delivered to the
gas turbine bearings by the pre/post lube oil pump for
a predetermined period of time. As the gas turbine
accelerates, the pre/post oil pump is shut down and all
lube oil is supplied by the gas turbine-driven main
pump. When the unit starts during cold ambient
conditions, oil bypasses the cooler through a tempera-
ture control valve in the system control module.
Pre / Post Lub e O il Syste m . A pre/post lube oil pump
supplies oil prior to package start-up and postlube
cooling after shutdown. The pump is a rotary, positive-
displacement-type driven by an ac electric motor or by
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a pneumatic motor. The pneumatic motor requires an
air or gas supply.
P ostlub e Ba c k up O il Sy ste m . A 24-Vdc or pneu-
matic motor-driven lube oil pump, filter and relief valve
are available to supply the necessary oil pressure
for postlube cooling of the gas turbine bearings in
the event the postlube oil system is inoperable on
shutdown.
Lube O il Ta nk H e a te r Sy ste m . (Optional) A thermo-
statically controlled 10-kW lube oil tank heater is
available to maintain lube oil temperature above 10°C
(50°F). This heater requires ac electric power.
Lube O il C oo le r. (Optional) A wide variety of air-to-oil
type coolers is available to facilitate the oil cooling
needs of the gas turbine, gearbox (if applicable), and
the driven equipment. The standard cooler options are
available with either ac motors or hydraulic motor-
driven fan and are sized for a range of heat loads and
ambient temperatures. The cooler is loose shipped for
offskid installation by others. Both simplex and duplex
water-to-oil cooler systems are also available.
Lube O il V e nt Se pa ra tor. (Optional) An offskid me-
chanical coalescer element is provided to remove oil
from the lube oil tank vent. The oil is allowed to drain
back to the lube oil tank while the remaining oil vapor
is exhausted to the atmosphere. A lube oil tank over-
pressure alarm and shutdown is included. The sepa-
rator is approximately 1727 mm (68 in.) high by 610
mm (24 in.) in diameter and weighs 227 kg (500 lb) dry.
Lube O il V e nt Fla m e Tra p. (Optional) A lube oil vent
flame trap can be provided to prevent an ignition
source from entering the lube oil tank. Provided for
installation by others, it must be installed vertically
within 4.6 m (15 ft) of the end of the lube tank
vent piping.
Lub e O il Ta nk Le ve l C ontrol. (Optional) This system
consists of a slow flow meter and a level controller
which is used to maintain proper oil level in the tank
during operation. It requires a user-provided, external
oil supply and includes a high lube oil tank level alarm.
Sta inle ss Ste e l Lub e O il Ta nk a nd Filte rs. (Optional)
Lube oil tank, covers and filters are normally carbon
steel, but can be provided in 316L stainless steel
if required.
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PRESSURE
TEMPERATURE GAUGE
CONTROL VALVE ALARM ∆P
SWITCH GAUGE
OIL E
COOLER BLOCK AND
INST INST BLEED VALVE
VALVE VALVE
TEMPERATURE PRESSURE
GAUGE TRANSMITTER
O O O
FILTER
TRANSFER TRANSFER RTD
CHECK
VALVE VALVE
VALVE
O
COOLER CHECK FILTER
BYPASS VALVE CHECK
VALVE VALVE

O
O PRESSURE GEAR-
CONTROL STRAINER BOX
VALVE
RELIEF
VALVE DRIVEN
FLAME CHECK EQUIPMENT
ARRESTOR VALVE
(optional) O
*
VENT SIGHT
SEPARATOR O FILTER GAUGES
(optional) PRE/
MAIN POST
SIGHT LUBE POST LUBE
GLASS PUMP LUBE BACKUP
PUMP PUMP
RELIEF STRAINER RTDS
E VALVE (optional)
STRAINERS

TANK
VENT
Liters (gal.) mm (in.) from tank bottom
AL/SD
Optional High Level Alarm 2362 (624) 495 (19.5)
PRESSURE
HEATER Low Level Alarm 1756 (464) 368 (14.5)
SWITCH
(optional) Low Level Shutdown 1514 (400) 317 (12.5)
(optional)
PA98033M
* *To guide vane, bleed valve and fuel actuator - Centaur 50 and Taurus 60 only
To fuel actuator - Centaur 40 only.

Typ ica l Lub e O il Syste m

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Se a l Sy ste m s
SEA L O IL SYSTEM (O p tion a l/ As Ava ila b le )
Compressor shaft end seals and their attendant
system prevent the escape of process gas along
the compressor shaft. The seal oil system delivers the
oil and buffer gas required for operation of the com-
pressor floating ring oil seals. The seal assembly
typically consists of two carbon ring oil seals, separat-
ing spacer and housing. Seal oil is introduced between
the two seals at a pressure slightly above compressor
suction pressure. Oil leakage is controlled by the
clearance established between the seal’s inside diam-
eter and the shaft’s outside diameter. A small portion
of the oil leaks across the inner seal toward the
process gas, creating the seal. This oil is returned to
the lube oil tank via a high pressure trap and degas-
sing system upstream of the oil tank. The balance of
the inlet oil flows across the outer seal and returns
directly to the oil tank.
Solar compressor packages normally use a com-
bined lube and seal oil system with internally supplied
buffer gas. The buffer gas can be taken from compres-
sor discharge when the gas composition, tempera-
ture, and contamination are within acceptable limits.
Although clean (sweet) buffer gas is preferred, the
system may tolerate sour buffer gas, depending on
the process conditions, gas composition and required
seal oil discharge
pressor flow. The and
buffer gas istotaken
supplied from the
the bearing andcom-
seal
capsules to buffer the compressor case from the seal
oil. Seal oil at a pressure slightly higher than buffer gas
is injected between the two liquid-film carbon seals to
prevent the buffer gas from escaping into the lube
system. The mixture of seal oil and buffer gas is
separated in the seal oil trap where the buffer gas is
returned to the compressor suction and the oil is
returned to the oil tank.
The standard seal oil system includes the following
primary components:
• Turbine-driven main seal oil pump
• Auxiliary and backup seal oil pump
• Seal oil filter with differential pressure switch
and gauge
• Seal oil differential pressure regulation system
• Seal oil flow control valve
• Buffer gas differential pressure regulation
system
• Dual traps, one for each compressor seal
• Degassing flue
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• Flame arrestor for field installation on degassing
flue vent
• Sight glasses, strainers and relief valves
• Pressure and differential pressure gauges
and switches
A system compliant with National Association of
Corrosion Engineers (NACE) MR0175 is also avail-
able as an option.
DRY G A S SEA L SYSTEM (O p tio na l)
The dry gas seal system is composed of two closely
interrelated systems: the seal gas system and the
buffer air system. The seal gas system maintains a
barrier between the process gas in the compressor
from the compressor bearings. The buffer air system
maintains separation of the compressor bearing lube
oil from the dry gas seals.
Seal Gas System
Solar’s gas compressor tandem dry seal system for
each shaft end consists of a primary and secondary
gas face seal to prevent the escape of process gas.
The primary dry seal takes the full pressure drop.
It is used to provide the main sealing function. The
secondary or backup seal acts as an emergency
barrier between the process gas and the atmosphere
and operates at zero pressure differential.
The dry gas seal system uses either clean and dry
process gas or an independent clean and dry gas
source as seal gas. A second buffer gas source of
either air or nitrogen is required to isolate the lube oil
from the seal gas. This buffer air must be available at
all times during lube oil pump operation.
Typical seal gas supply flow is 1.34 to 3.35 nm3/
min (50 to 125 scfm) at 690 kPa (100 psi) above
maximum suction pressure, depending on compres-
sor model and suction pressure. The seal gas flow
rates are metered by maintaining a constant pressure
drop across a flow-limiting orifice in each seal gas
supply line to each compressor seal capsule. Differ-
ential pressure switches provide low flow alarm and
shutdown functions. The seal gas supply flow is
higher than the primary seal leakage. Most of the seal
gas flow travels by the compressor shaft labyrinth
seals and into the compressor case. This ensures that
the dry seal cavity is flushed with clean dry gas and
that the dry seal operates in a clean environment.
The seal gas may be supplied from the discharge
of the compressor, preferably from downstream of
the gas cooler, if the process gas is clean and dry.
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The onskid duplex seal gas coalescing filters are
designed for typical clean transmission pipeline con-
ditions. If larger particle or liquid loads are expected,
a larger offskid filtration with a high pressure external
seal gas supply is recommended. When the seal gas
is supplied from the compressor discharge but the
compressor is not operating
start-up, shutdown, at a pressure
or pressurized ratio is
hold), there (i.e.,
no
flow of seal gas through the filters. During these times,
the gas leakage across the dry seals is raw process
gas from inside the compressor case. This is normally
not a problem on clean transmission pipeline applica-
tions; however, it may be on new pipelines until the
new line cleans up, or on pipelines handling wet and/
or dirty gas. Under these conditions, an external high
pressure seal gas supply is recommended.
Leakage past the primary dry seals is measured by
monitoring the pressure drop across an orifice run.
High flow alarm and shutdown functions are provided
by pressure switches. Primary and secondary seal
vent lines must be vented by the customer to a safe
location. Vent pressure must not exceed 35 kPa
gauge (5 psig).
Buffe r Air Sy ste m
A circumferential buffer air or nitrogen circumferential
seal, manufactured by Kaydon, provides for buffering
of lube oil and dry seal and is the outboard most
component of the complete seal assembly.
The buffer air or nitrogen circumferential seal is a
segmented, split-ring type seal and functions to sepa-
rate the seal from the lubricating oil. It is the outboard
most component of the complete seal assembly.
JOURNAL BUFFER AIR SECONDARY
BEARING OR N2 SEAL SEAL VENT
ASSEMBLY ASSEMBLY
BUFFER
AIR OR N2
LUBE OIL/BUFFER BUFFER DRIVE
AIR TO DRAIN AIR SEALS SHAFT
Ty p i c a l D ry G a s Se a l A sse m b l y
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Buffer air or nitrogen at 517 to 1724 kPa gauge
(75 to 250 psig) at a flow of 0.13 nm 3/min (5 scfm) is
required from a customer’s source during all periods
of compressor pressurization or lube oil pump opera-
tion. Maximum supply temperature is 93°C (200°F).
Buffer air is injected between a pair of seal rings at a
regulated pressure
(25 to 30 psi) above of
theapproximately
secondary seal172 to 207 kPa
gas/buffer air
vent pressure. Air flows between the seal rings and
the compressor stub shaft. Buffer air flowing pass
the outboard seal mixes with lubricating oil and drains
to the lube oil reservoir. Air flowing past the inboard
seal is vented through the secondary seal gas/buffer
air vent. The buffer air source may be clean dry shop
air, instrument air, or nitrogen. The system includes
a hand valve for maintenance, a coalescing filter, a
differential pressure regulator, and pressure switches
and gauges to monitor the buffer air differential
pressure.
The system forms a positive separation between
the lube oil and the dry seal. Flame arrestors are
supplied for the primary and secondary vents.
Typical primary seal leakage rates per compressor
for dynamic operating conditions are as follows, de-
pending on the type of compressor, seal condition,
speed, and suction pressure:
• Dry gas face seal: 0.0536 to 0.268 nm3/min
(2 to 10 scfm)
• Air or nitrogen circumferential seal: 0.0027 to
0.080 nm3/min (0.1 to 3 scfm)
This leakage seal gas and buffer air must be piped
away by the customer to selected safe areas.
SECONDARY PRIMARY PRIMARY LABYRINTH
SEAL SEAL VENT SEAL SEAL
SEAL
GAS IN
DRY GAS SEAL Stationary
ASSEMBLY Rotating
PA98036M
29
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FLAME FLAME
ARRESTOR ARRESTOR
G
FLOW
G SWITCH
FILTER COMPRESSOR
SUCTION FLOW ∆P G
G G
FILTER ∆P PRESSURE GAUGE
GAUGE GAUGE
EXTERNAL RELIEF
SEAL GAS ORIFICE VALVE
SUPPLY
LOW SUCTION
G E PRESSURE
ALARM
SHUTDOWN
SWITCH FILTER G
SWITCH

ALARM SHUTDOWN
SWITCH SWITCH

SEAL GAS ∆P
FLOW ∆P
REGULATOR
GAUGE
SEAL GAS
∆P GAUGE
E G ALARM
ALARM SHUTDOWN SWITCH HIGH DISCHARGE
ORIFICE RELIEF SWITCH PRESSURE
SWITCH
VALVE SHUTDOWN
ORIFICE
G G
SWITCH

LIQUID E ORIFICE G E
DROP-OUT SHUTDOWN G
LEVEL SWITCH HIGH
GLASS DISCHARGE GAS COMPRESSOR
TEMPERATURE DISCHARGE
SWITCH PRESSURE
BUFFER AIR GAUGE
∆P GAUGE
G G LIQUID DROP-OUT
G G G G LEVEL GLASS
LOW ∆P
ALARM E
SWITCH
SUCTION DISCHARGE

E LUBE
OIL IN LUBE
LOW ∆P
O G OIL IN
SHUTDOWN
BUFFER AIR
SWITCH O
FILTER ∆P
GAUGE

CHECK SUCTION DISCHARGE

VALVE
O
BUFFER O
FILTER COMPRESSOR
AIR/N2
BUFFER AIR
SUPPLY
∆P REGULATOR G

LEGEND:
E = Electrical PA98037M

G = Gas

O = Oil

Typ ica l D ry G a s Se a l Syste m

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1 2 3 DRY SEAL PANEL

4 5 6 1. Compressor Suction
2. Compressor Discharge
7 8 3. Seal Gas Differential Pressure
4. Buffer Air Differential Pressure
5. Primary Seal Leakage Flow Differential
Pressure Suction
6. Primary Seal Leakage Flow Differential
Pressure Discharge
7. Seal Gas Filter Differential Pressure
8. Buffer Air Filter Differential Pressure

2 3 WET SEAL PANEL

1
1. Compressor Suction
4 5 6
2. Compressor Discharge
3. Buffer Gas Differential Pressure
4. Seal Oil Differential Pressure
5. Seal Oil Filter Differential Pressure
6. Seal Oil Differential Pressure

PA98038M

Ty p i c a l D ry a n d W e t G a s Se a l Pa n e l s

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A nc illa ry Eq uip m e nt
EN C LO SURE
The all-steel enclosure housing is a completely self-
contained, weatherproof, insulated, and sound-
attenuated structure assembled on the gas turbine
package skid base. It can be provided in several
configurations to house the gas turbine only, the gas
turbine and driven equipment, or the gas turbine,
gearbox and driven equipment.
The enclosure sides and roof include panels and
access doors supported on a heavy-duty frame. The
panels are treated with fiberglass material for noise
attenuation and thermal insulation, and weather strip-
ping is installed on all panels for sealing and sound
attenuation. The enclosure is constructed to support
a specified roof load and to withstand a wind load of
161 km/h (100 mph). The panels and doors provided
for access, inspection, and maintenance are easily
removed for component removal by fork lift or over-
head crane. Additional access doors can be provided
when necessary.
The gas turbine gauge panel is visible through a
glass window in the enclosure wall.
Standard Features
Sound Attenua tion. The sound attenuated enclosure
is intended for use with suitable gas turbine air inlet
and exhaust silencing systems in environments where
low noise levels are required. In addition, the enclo-
sure ventilation openings are equipped with silencers
to achieve maximum sound attenuation.
The actual achievable noise reduction is a function
of the noise source, installation considerations, other
equipment in close proximity, and the acoustical
characteristics of existing buildings and barriers. The
intent of the enclosure design is to comply with U.S.
Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA)
standards for eight-hour employee exposure. Trans-
mission loss of the panels in decibels is available
upon request, and further information is available in
Solar’s publication SPNG, “Noise Prediction Guide-
lines for Industrial Gas Turbines.”
Exte rior C on ne c tion s. Connections for oil vent line,
fire and gas suppression systems, and gas turbine
air inlet and exhaust are terminated outside the
enclosure.
Wiring. Electrically operated and controlled devices
incorporated in the enclosure are wired accord-
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ing to standard commercial wiring practices and as
necessary to meet the requirements for equipment
installed in hazardous areas.
V e nti l a ti on. All enclosures are ventilated using an
ac motor-driven fan to provide the airflow required
to ensure that internal temperatures remain within
acceptable limits. Fan motor wiring is terminated at
the motor junction box. Suitable openings are pro-
vided so that adequate free flow of ventilation is
circulated through the enclosure. Ventilation openings
may be equipped with elbow or straight-through type
vent silencers.
Enc losure H igh Te m pe ra ture A l a r m. A heat sensor,
which is completely separate from the fire system
thermal detectors, is mounted in the enclosure. The
sensor is set to activate an alarm if enclosure tem-
perature is abnormally high.
Optional Features
Lig hts. (Optional) Internal, explosionproof, incandes-
cent or fluorescent lights are available to illuminate
the gas turbine and driven equipment areas inside the
enclosure, with an on/off switch located at an enclo-
sure door. Backup dc lighting is also available with
power supplied from the control battery system.
Fire D e te c tion/ Sup p re ssion Sy ste m . (Optional)
An automatic, electronically controlled fire detection/
fire suppression system is installed in the enclosure.
The system provides detection, suppression and
supervision of input and output circuits for fault or loss
of integrity. Design is in accordance with the U.S.
National Fire Protection Association codes.
D e t e c t i o n . The primary fire detection system uses
ultraviolet (UV) detectors. The system includes the
automatic optical integrity feature, which provides a
continuous check of the optical surfaces, detector
sensitivity and electronic circuitry of the detector-
controller system. Also included is an automatic fault
identification which provides a digital display of sys-
tem status.
The secondary detection system consists of ther-
mal detectors. The thermal detectors are designed
with “rate compensation.”
Suppression. The enclosure is equipped with a CO2
fire suppression system consisting of a primary total
flooding distribution system and a secondary metered
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• HORN TURBINE
• FIRE SYSTEM GAUGE PANEL
CONTROLS (inside door) TURBINE COMPRESSOR
• EMERGENCY TURBINE EXHAUST GAUGE PANEL
STROBE
STOP BUTTON AIR INLET (inside door)
LIGHTS (2)
(fire system
discharge)

ENCLOSURE ENCLOSURE
VENTILATION VENTILATION
INLET EXHAUST
Aft End
Forward End Forward End Left Side
DOORS GAS COMPRESSOR DOOR
SUCTION/DISCHARGE
BASIC ENCLOSURE CONNECTION

LUBE OIL TANK VENT

FLAME TRAP (optional)
TURBINE
LUBE OIL EXHAUST

TANK VENT
• HORN SEPARATOR
• FIRE SYSTEM (optional)
CONTROLS
• EMERGENCY TURBINE
STOP BUTTON AIR INLET ANCILLARY
SUPPORT
FRAME COMPRESSOR
STROBE GAUGE PANEL
LIGHTS (2) (inside door)
(fire system
discharge)
TURBINE
GAUGE
PANEL
(inside door)

ENCLOSURE
ENCLOSURE VENTILATION
VENTILATION
EXHAUST
INLET

Forward End Aft End

Forward End Left Side
DOORS GAS COMPRESSOR DOOR
SUCTION/DISCHARGE
CONNECTION
TYPICAL ENCLOSURE WITH ANCILLARY EQUIPMENT SPCUCS-020M

Typ ica l Enc losure C o nfigu rations

distribution system. If a fire is sensed, the detec-
tors transmit an electric signal via the fire system
controller and the fire system supervisory panel to
activate the fire suppression system. Upon receiving
this signal, the explosionproof control heads activate
the discharge valves on the primary and extended
CO2 cylinders, releasing the CO2 into the enclosure
and pressurizing the trips which close all vent open-
ings. The primary suppression system is designed to
provide the proper concentration of CO2 to extinguish
the fire. A secondary metered distribution system is
used to extend the design concentration of 34% CO 2
for 20 minutes.
Other fire suppression systems are available.
Fire C ylind e r C a bine t. (Optional) A weatherproof fire
cylinder cabinet is available to house the CO 2
extinguishant cylinders and is equipped with doors for
servicing. The manual pull levers are routed by cable
to the exterior wall of the cabinet.
Fire D e tec tion System Te st Eq uipm e nt. (Optional)
A portable UV light source complete with built-in

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charger is available for testing the system. The light • Internal maintenance frame trolley rail
activates the UV detector which, in turn, activates the • 3048-mm (10-ft) external extension to the
suppression system. maintenance frame trolley rail installed within
C ombus ti bl e Ga s M oni tor i ng S y s te m. (Optional) the enclosure.
A single- or dual-channel system is available to • Single-point lift tool
continuously monitor for the presence of combustible
• Rail hugger chain-fall hoist and trolley
gases within the enclosure. The PLC monitors the The single-point lift tool, which has an adjustable
“smart” gas sensor(s) and the start signal is inter-
locked with the combustible gas monitoring system center of gravity, attaches to the gas turbine flanges
to ensure the atmosphere is clear prior to initiating and provides a single-point attachment for the chain
gas turbine start. An alarm is initiated if the gas fall, allowing complete removal of the gas turbine or
detector fails. selected gas turbine components.
The trolley beam extension allows gas turbine
G a s M onitoring Syste m Te st Equ ipm e nt. (Optional)
removal through the side of the enclosure. One end of
A portable purge calibration cylinder containing meth-
the beam extension attaches to the inside trolley rail;
ane is available complete with the regulator, gauge,
the other end is floor-standing. The gas turbine can be
valve and extension tube used to periodically cali-
removed through the enclosure side and placed on a
brate the gas detector.
truck bed or cart.
Fire a nd G a s Syste m Te st Kit. (Optional) The com-
Ga s Tur bi ne C l e a ni ng S y s te m C a r t. (Optional) A
bustible gas calibration
are available equipment
as a combined and UVdesigned
kit in a specially test light water-wash and solvent-cleaning cart is available
carrying case. which contains a stainless steel mixing tank and
systems capable of supplying 7 to 15 L/min (2 to 4
Dust Prote c tion Syste m . (Optional) Enclosure inlet
gpm) at 138 to 276 kPa gauge (20 to 40 psig) to the gas
vents are equipped with cleanable, barrier-type, iner-
turbine water-wash manifold. Approximately 0.08 nm3/
tial separator-type, or self-cleaning barrier-type filters
min (3 scfm) of shop-quality air is required at 586 to
to remove dust and sand. The exhaust vents are
689 kPa gauge (85 to 100 psi).
equipped with back-draft dampers to prevent the entry
of dust when the unit is not running. Pac ka g e Lifting Kit. (Optional) Also available is a
Pre ssuriza tion System . (Optional) A pressurization lifting kit (shipped separately) containing slings,
system can be furnished to provide positive or nega- spreader bars, and assorted hardware to facilitate
tive pressure inside the enclosure compartment(s) to lifting the enclosed gas turbine package.
prevent entry of hazardous atmospheres through
enclosure seams in hazardous areas.
The system consists of the pressurizing fan, manu-
ally adjustable dampers, differential pressure gauge
and switch, differential pressure alarm, and purging PRESSURE GAUGE,
RELIEF
prior to start and after shutdown. GAUGE FLUID LEVEL
WASH VALVE
0-1379 kPa 0-60 LITERS
A nc illa ry S upp or t Fra m e . (Optional) A single-lift FLUID (0-200 psi) TANK (0-16 GALLONS)
OUTLET
ancillary skid can be provided to roof-mount the gas
turbine air inlet system and lube oil cooler. This skid
is shipped complete with all ancillary equipment )"
0 m )"
mounted, preassembled, and ready for installation, 1
' m 4
'
(2 6 1
including gaskets, mounting hardware, and illustrated m
0
4
(
m ")
assembly drawings. m m 3
3 1 '
6 8 1
(
M a in te n a n c e Pla tfo rm a n d A c c e ss La d d e r . (Op- 8 DRAIN 3
x
o
tional) A maintenance platform and ladder can be r
p
p
provided to allow servicing of the ancillary skid- A

mounted gas turbine air inlet filter. The platform and

ladder are supplied with necessary hardware and 1320 mm 660 mm
instructions for assembly at the site by others. (4' 4") (2' 4")

G a s Turbi ne H a ndl ing E qui pm e nt. (Optional) A gas PA98039M

turbine handling kit can be provided which consists of

the following: Ty p i c a l W a t e r - W a s h C a rt

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A IR IN LET SYSTEM
The air intake system for the gas turbine package
normally consists of an air inlet filter, air inlet silencer,
and connecting ducts. Solar can recommend and
supply suitable filtration, silencers, and duct work for
any installation.
Evaporative cooling is available and can be used
where humidity is sufficiently low to give significant
temperature reduction. Effectiveness of the cooler is
typically 92% of the wet-bulb/dry-bulb differential. If
the water supply is limited, a recirculating cooler may
be used, but with provision for regular blow-down of
the water system to dispose of accumulated salts and
impurities.
G A S TURBIN E EX HA UST SYSTEM
When heat recovery equipment or silencers are used,
the ducting must be adequately supported and expan-
sion joints should be used to avoid exceeding the
allowable loading of the gas turbine exhaust flange.
Typically, the gas turbine exhaust system will consist
of the following:
Exha ust Sile nc e r. The exhaust silencer is designed
to provide attenuation consistent with the over-
all package noise emissions. Special silencers can
be provided to meet special criteria when needed.
Sound attenuating data and dimensional details are
available upon request.
G a s Turbi ne Ex ha ust C o nne c tion. As a standard,
the gas turbine package is provided with an exhaust
bellows, which allows a limited amount of compres-
sion for installations between the gas turbine exhaust
collector and the external ducting. The bellows termi-
nates in a lightweight flange.
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EX HA UST HEA T REC O V ERY
High thermal efficiencies can be obtained by using the
gas turbine exhaust heat energy. There are several
methods for using the exhaust heat and attaining
greater than 70% thermal efficiency. The method
used and efficiency achieved are primarily dependent
on the type of application. The most common uses
are: (1) producing steam with a heat recovery steam
generator (HRSG) or heating a process fluid with a
heat recovery fluid heater; (2) using the gas turbine
exhaust as a source of preheated combustion air in
a boiler or furnace (the gas turbine exhaust contains
15-to-18% oxygen); and (3) using the gas turbine
exhaust directly for a drying or heating process in
which high temperature air is necessary. A mixture of
gas turbine exhaust and fresh air can be used in a
reduced air temperature process. An air-to-air heat
exchanger is required when the process involves any
products in the human food chain.
The exhaust heat recovery system must be de-
signed to minimize the back pressure imposed on the
gas turbine exhaust and provide for smooth flow
transition into the exhaust heat recovery device. The
recommended nominal system back pressure on the
gas turbine is 203 mm (8 in.) water column, but higher
back pressures can be accommodated. The exhaust
back pressure should be less than 25.4 mm (1 in.)
water column during gas turbine starting.
Several manufacturers meet Solar’s design re-
quirements for gas turbine exhaust heat recovery
equipment. Solar can design and provide a complete
exhaust heat recovery system to meet specific appli-
cation requirements.
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Insta lla tio n Re q uire m e nts
SITE REQ UIREM ENTS
The gas turbine package is a compact, lightweight,
vibration-free, unitized package requiring minimum
facility support preparation. Since the package is
generally supplied with completely self-contained
operating systems for fuel, lube oil, and controls, it
requires a minimum of piping and wiring connections
to complete the installation. General installation re-
quirements and typical use of standard ancillary
equipment are described in this section.
M EC HA N IC A L INSTA LLATIO N
REQ UIREM EN TS
M o u n t i n g . Correct mounting of the gas turbine pack-
age is vital to the success of the installation and
requires adequate preparation by the user. The site
pad thickness is governed by soil condition and weight
of the gas turbine package, air inlet system, and
exhaust system. Mounting pad locations and pack-
age weights will differ with each package depending
on options selected and will be clearly shown on the
installation drawings.
The equipment layout should provide adequate
floor space for major components with sufficient
access space around the set for routine maintenance.
Space between units in multiple-unit installations
should be a minimum of 2.4 m (8 ft).
C ool i ng. Normally, the lube oil coolers are not integral
with the package and must be located and installed
separately. The following installation requirements
apply:
• Top of the coolers should not be more than 9.1
m (30 ft) above the bottom of the package frame.
• Total oil volume of the “outgoing and return”
lines should be limited to 132 L (35 gal.). This
is to prevent oil tank flooding in the event of
drain back.
• Maximum total design pressure drop of the
combined “outgoing and return” lines and cooler
should not exceed 345 kPa gauge (50 psig).
G a s Turbine Air Inlet Syste m . Inlet air is required for
operation of the gas turbine. Total pressure drop
across the inlet system should be kept to a minimum.
The system should consist of all components up-
stream of the gas turbine inlet collector, including
silencers, ducting, evaporative coolers, heat recovery
equipment, air cleaners, insect screens and weather
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hoods, that are necessary to supply a clean, smooth
flow of air to the gas turbine. Recommended maxi-
mum pressure drop is 76-mm (3-in.) water column.
The air intake should be located so that entry of gas
turbine exhaust, oil tank vent vapor, or other contami-
nants is minimized. The air inlet duct must be free of
accumulated water prior to starting the gas turbine.
Loads exceeding 91 kg (200 lb) should not be
applied in any direction on the air inlet duct connec-
tion. Proper gas turbine inlet air filtration is critical to
gas turbine life. Careful consideration should be given
in selecting the appropriate filter for the specific
application.
Units to be installed in a salt-laden atmosphere or
in an extremely dusty environment should incorporate
an on-crank cleaning system to facilitate gas turbine
compressor cleaning.
An on-line cleaning system is also available as
an option. This system can be used in addition to the
on-crank system to increase the time between on-
crank cleaning.
G a s Turbine Exha ust Syste m . The importance of
having an exhaust system properly designed and in-
stalled cannot be overemphasized. A poorly designed
or installed system can cause loss of power capability
and impose severe mechanical strains on the gas
turbine. The system should consist of all components
downstream of the gas turbine exhaust flexible sec-
tion, including silencers and ducting, that are neces-
sary to supply a smooth flow of exhaust gas from the
gas turbine. The exhaust duct system must be termi-
nated in a manner that precludes recirculation of
exhaust products through the gas turbine air inlet or oil
cooler. Exhaust requirements include consideration
of the relative height of the exhaust duct above the air
inlet, building roof design, direction of prevailing winds,
and the proximity of adjacent structures. Exhaust
systems should be designed to meet the following
requirements:
• Total system pressure loss should not be ex-
cessive. Recommended maximum is 203-mm
(8-in.) water column.
• Duct design must be adequately sized for ex-
haust flow and temperature of 538°C (1000°F).
• The gas turbine must not be started against
an excessive exhaust back pressure. Recom-
mended maximum is 25.4-mm (1-in.) water
column.
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LUBE OIL
FILTERS TURBINE
TURBINE EXHAUST
AIR INLET
GAS
TURBINE TURBINE
GAUGE
PANEL

Forward End Forward End Left Side Aft End

TURBINE
TURBINE TURBINE GAUGE
COMPRESSOR EXHAUST GAS AIR INLET PANEL
GAUGE PANEL TURBINE

Aft End Aft End Aft End Right Side Forward End

DRIVEN SKID DRIVER SKID

Left Side: Left Side: Right Side:
1. Gas Compressor Discharge Gas Pressure 1. Turbine Exhaust Collector and 1. Lube Oil Cooler Vent
2. Gas Compressor Suction Gas Pressure Combustor Drain 2. To Lube Oil Cooler Hydraulic Fan Motor
3. Driven Equipment J-Box I.S. 2. Natural Gas Fuel Inlet 3. Lube Oil Tank Drain
4. Driven Equipment J-Box Non I.S., DC 3. Water-Wash Inlet 4. Lube Oil to Cooler
5. Ground, Package Frame (2 places) 4. Turbine Air Inlet Duct Drain 5. Lube Oil from Cooler
Right Side: 5. Pneumatic Start Inlet 6. Pneumatic Pre/Post Lube Inlet
6. Pilot Valves, Air/Gas Vent 7. Lube Oil Tank Level Control Inlet
1. Degassing Flue, Sparging Air Inlet
2. Pneumatic Supply, Auxiliary Seal Oil Backup 7. Pneumatic Pilot Valve Air Inlet 8. Lube Oil Filter Drain
3. Pneumatic Supply, Auxiliary Seal Oil 8. Liquid Fuel Inlet 9. Pneumatic Postlube Backup Supply
9. Liquid Fuel Atomizing Air Inlet 10. Enclosure Fire Ext Medium Inlet (Main)
4. Oil Drain from Drip Pan
5. Buffer Gas Filter Drain 10. Liquid Fuel Return to Fuel Tank 11. Enclosure Fire Ext Medium Inlet (Extended)
6. Buffer Gas Inlet 11. Liquid Fuel Drain 12. Oil Drain from Drip Pan
7. Seal Gas Inlet - Dry Seals 12. Compressor Air for Self-Cleaning Filters 13. Lube Oil Tank Heater, AC
8. Buffer Air Inlet - Dry Seals 13. Water Injection Inlet 14. Pre/Post Lube Oil Pump Motor, AC
14. On-Line Cleaning Fluid Inlet 15. Ground, Package Frame (2 places)
9. Primary Seal Vent - Dry Seals
10. Secondary Seal Vent - Dry Seals 15. Oil Drain from Drip Pan 16. Backup Lube Oil Pump Motor, DC
11. 2 Grounds, Package Frame 16. Liquid Fuel Primary Pump Motor, AC 17. Enclosure Lighting, AC
17. Customer Service Box (2 places), DC 18. Enclosure Lighting, DC
12. Auxilary Seal Oil Pump Motor, AC
18. Driver J-Box I.S., DC
ENCLOSURE: 19. Ground, Package Frame (2 places)
20. Water Injection Motor, AC
1. Turbine Air Inlet Flange
21. Air-Ass ist Pump Motor, AC
2.
3. Turbine
Lube OilExhaust Flange
Tank Vent
4. Pneumatic Start Vent
5. Degassing Tank Vent
6. Compress or Suction Flange (hp)
7. Compress or Discharge Flange (hp)
8. Pneumatic Postlube Backup Vent
9. Pneumatic Vent, Auxiliary Seal Oil Backup
10. Pneumatic Vent, Auxiiary Seal Oil
11. Pneumatic Pre/Post Lube Vent
12. Enclosure Vent Fan, AC
SPCUCS-022M

Typical Service Connections

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• Where two or more units exhaust into a com-
mon header, such as used for heat recovery
equipment, provision must be made to prevent
hot gas from flowing into the nonoperating unit.
(Common exhaust ducting is not recommended.)
• Final termination of the ducting must not allow
exhaust gas to be drawn into the gas tur-
bine inlet.
• Provide the capability to purge the complete
exhaust system prior to gas turbine light-off. For
short, simple exhaust systems, purging capabil-
ity should be designed to accomplish three air
volume changes. For large, complex exhaust
systems, purging capability should be designed
to accomplish five air volume changes.
• Loads exceeding 91 kg (200 lb) should not
be applied in any direction on the exhaust
connection.
When exhaust silencing is required, provisions
must be made to adequately mount and support the
equipment and limit the exhaust silencer pressure
loss. Silencers and expansion joints can be provided
by Solar. For long or complex exhaust systems,
adequate provisions must be made to ensure proper
purging capabilities either through gas turbine crank-
ing or supplementary exhaust blowers.
ELEC TRIC A L IN STA LLA TIO N REQ UIREM EN TS
Onsite electrical interconnection requirements vary
widely according to basic unit configuration and
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standard options selected. Complete interconnect
wiring diagrams are provided for each unit.
OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE
MANUALS
Four copies of an operation and maintenance manual
are supplied for each type of equipment on each order.
The manuals can be provided on CD-ROM if re-
quested.
In addition to operating instructions, the manual
contains recommended maintenance procedures for
field level onsite maintenance and troubleshooting, an
illustrated parts list for the entire gas turbine and
accessories, and detailed system descriptions.
DRAWINGS
Three sets of prints and one reproducible of the
following drawings are provided:
• Electrical Schematic
• Wiring Diagram
• Electrical Interconnect/Interface
• Software Documentation (on diskette)
• Mechanical Installation Drawing
• Start System Schematic
• Fuel System Schematic
• Lube Oil System Schematic
• Surge Control (when applicable)
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OPTIONAL OIL COOLER

CUSTOMER FAN MOTOR
CONNECTIONS STARTER

OIL COOLER
FAN

24 VDC CONTROL-
CO2 FIRE BATTERY
DISCHARGE SYSTEM
SOLENOID

AIR FILTER
MOTOR
STARTER

AC PRE/POST
LUBE PUMP
MOTOR STARTER

AC START
VARIABLE
FREQUENCY DRIVE

ENCLOSURE
VENT FAN
MOTOR STARTER

LUBE TANK
HEATER
CONTACTOR
110 V, 50 or 60 Hz
220 V, 50 or 60 Hz

MAIN AC PRE/POST-
INERTIAL AIR AC START AC ENCLOSURE AC LUBE TANK ENCLOSURE
PACKAGE LUBE PUMP
FILTER LEADS LEADS FAN LEADS HEATER LIGHTS AC
J-BOX LEADS

AIR FILTER POWER MODULE

3φ ac motors and lube oil tank heaters may be 460 V, 60 Hz; 575 V, 60 Hz; 380 V, 50 Hz; 400 V, 50 Hz; or 415 V, 50 Hz.
Motor starters are customer supplied and must have a 24 -Vdc coil.
PA98066M

Typical Electrical Connections

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Te sting a nd Q ua lity A ssura nc e
Factory testing is in accordance with Solar’s specifi-
cations and as generally outlined below. The pur-
chaser or purchaser’s designated representative is
provided access to Solar’s Production Test facilities
to observe factory production tests scheduled in
accordance with production and testing schedules.
Unavailability of the purchaser or purchaser’s repre-
sentative will not be cause for delay in the perfor-
mance of the production tests.
TEST FA C ILITIES
The computer-controlled test system includes a real-
time data acquisition system which collects raw
digital and analog data from the gas turbine package
and displays or prints out results in customary engi-
neering forms and units.
The control and display units provide the capability
of monitoring and controlling the power and test inputs
to operate the unit under test and to measure and
evaluate its performance. The system is used to
establish specified test conditions by keying in cali-
bration coefficients, constants and operating limits.
Test data are displayed by a video terminal as in-
structed by the test agenda, selecting various param-
eters for display, checking values and limits, and
generating hard-copy records as needed. When per-
formance levels have been achieved, the test techni-
cian initiates a command to capture all instrumented
points, which initiates automatic performance compu-
tations and prints the results for review for a perma-
nent test record.
TESTIN G
G a s Tu rb i n e A c c e p t a n c e Te st. Each gas turbine is
subject to a run-in and calibration test in accordance
with Solar’s specifications. A test run at incremental
loads up to and including full speed and power ensures
functional and structural integrity and high perfor-
mance standards. Gas turbine power is absorbed by
a high speed dynamometer, enabling all aspects of
gas turbine performance to be measured accurately.
G a s C o m pr e s sor Te st. Prior to assembly of the
internal components, all compressor casings are
subjected to hydrostatic testing per API 617. Then,
following a procedure similar to the gas turbine run-in
test, the gas compressor is tested.
For the aerodynamic test, the gas compressor is
driven by a slave turbine or electric motor at the air
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equivalent of the design speed, and the head-versus-
capacity characteristics of the machine are deter-
mined. Surge points are determined at various speed
points to validate the surge flow estimate for the entire
operating range of speed. Extensive instrumentation
validates mechanical and aerodynamic performance.
The gas compressor dry gas and seal oil systems are
tested statically by pressurizing with nitrogen.
The gas turbine-to-gas compressor alignment is
adjusted to the manufacturing tolerances for bore plus
face runout at the output drive bearing housing after
installation of the gas compressor on the package.
Pa c k a g e A c c e p t a n c e Te sts. Package acceptance
testing
phase ofisstatic
divided into two
electrical phases.
checkout, allIn the first
sensing test
device
actuations are manually simulated by closing various
switches installed in parallel with the actual sensors.
The control system outputs are then indicated by
lights installed in parallel with the driven devices, and
all modes of operation and malfunction protection are
demonstrated in accordance with a rigorous test
agenda. The second test phase involves prestart
flushing of lube and seal oil supply lines, calibration of
instruments and controls, and actual operation of the
package up to gas generator idle speed. These tests
are performed to satisfy a predetermined test agenda,
confirming that the unit is ready for delivery.
The basic package assembly, including the gas
turbine, gearbox (if provided), and package-mounted
accessories, together with the control console, is
tested to ensure proper integration and function of the
total package in accordance with Solar’s test speci-
fications. Results are recorded and maintained by
Solar. The package acceptance testing is run at
gas generator idle speed and generally includes the
following:
• Starting and combustion cycles
• Lubricating oil system flow, temperature and
pressuremeasurements
• Vibration measurement
• Turbine temperature measurements
Items excluded from standard package testing are
contract inlet and exhaust system ancillary equip-
ment, such as filters, silencers and ducting, battery
systems, oil coolers, package enclosure, ancillary
skid, and any customer-furnished hardware.
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PERFO RM A N C E REV IEW
A c c e p t a n c e Te s t D a t a . Acceptance test data are
furnished approximately four weeks after completion
of acceptance testing. The report provides test re-
sults and compares the results to Solar’s acceptance
test specification requirements by means of calcula-
tions, graphs, strip charts and descriptions. Data are
provided for each gas turbine compressor set. The
acceptance test data include measurement and veri-
fication of heat rate and power. Fuel consumption,
output power, and gas temperature are correlated and
corrected to standard conditions of turbine “match”
temperature, sea level, and zero duct losses. Test
data are taken at rated speed and full load.
Q UALITY A SSURA N C E
All testing operations are conducted under the direct
control of Solar’s Quality Assurance activity and in
accordance with Solar’s ISO 9000 Operation Prac-
tices. This activity ensures absolute compliance with
the test procedures specified.
In addition to final in-plant testing of the finished
package, Quality Control engineers maintain surveil-
lance over the manufacture of all purchased parts and
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subassemblies and are responsible for functional
testing of incoming components. The same rigid
standards applied to parts manufactured by Solar are
applied to all supplier parts received by Solar.
Prior to commencement of testing, an inspection
and test plan (ITP) is generated. The ITP documents
quality assurance, inspection and testing require-
ments and defines the level of customer or third-
party involvement in the inspection process. The ITP
is the controlling Quality Assurance document for
a project.
Solar is an ISO 9000-certified company. The certi-
fication is a tool for continuous quality improvement.
PRO DUC T IM PRO V EM ENT PRO G RA M
The continuing design activity in Solar’s Product
Improvement Program utilizes new technologies, pro-
cesses and equipment to upgrade and improve all of
Solar’s products. These activities cover a broad
scope and are aimed at improving reliability and useful
life of equipment manufactured by Solar. Special
effort is made to maintain interchangeability with
previous designs so that the improvements can be
retrofitted economically into existing units.
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Sup p o rt Se rvic e s
C O N STRUC TIO N SERV IC ES
Solar’s Construction Services organization offers a
comprehensive range of equipment and services to
assist you in successfully meeting your complete
power system expectations. Our experience takes us
to many parts of the world, onshore and offshore,
managing various types of power configurations.
Our services, based on years of experience and
expertise in power system engineering and complete
project management, include:
• Feasibility studies
• Proposal preparation
• Design and engineering
•• Material procurement
Fabrication
• Onsite construction
• Quality control
• Scheduling
• Budget control
• Shipping
• Installation, testing, and commissioning
Material procurement, for example, can include
prime movers, driven equipment, associated me-
chanical process equipment, and electric power
generation equipment. Construction Services is
uniquely qualified worldwide to give you complete
compression and/or power generation systems, with
single-source responsibility, engineering expertise,
optimal economic designs, and real attention to qual-
ity and safety to ensure you are satisfied with your
complete power system.
C USTO M ER SERVIC ES
Solar’s Customer Services organization is dedicated
to the support of Solar’s equipment worldwide. Cus-
tomer Services support includes technical training,
field service personnel, service parts, overhaul and
repair services, and customized operation and main-
tenance programs. Customer Services also offers
gas turbine uprates and updates, retrofit conversions
to low emission SoLoNOx turbine configurations, and
complete package refurbishments, all of which pro-
vide cost-effective life-cycle solutions.
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Solar’s Customer Services organization is well-
known for its excellent service and support. No other
gas turbine service company can compare in:
• Product knowledge and experience with more
than 10,000 units in more than 86 nations
• In-depth technical support via Solar’s global
Customer Information Network
• Factory-qualified repair and overhaul procedures
• Genuine Solar Certified Parts
• Worldwide field service personnel and service
facilities
• Around-the-clock response
• Exchange engine program to minimize your
downtime
Solar Turbines stands behind each of our custom-
ers with uncompromising commitment to the success
of their turbomachinery installations throughout a
project’s life cycle.
C O NTRAC T POW ER AN D
LEA SIN G SERV IC ES
Solar’s Contract Power organization is dedicated to
providing numerous financing options. All or part of a
project can be financed, offered under a lease agree-
ment, or installed on a service tariff with a perfor-
mance contract.
Financing or leasing terms can extend from short-
term rentals to long-term leases of 10 years or more.
Financing can be structured as full-payout financing
instruments that lead to ownership or as off-balance
sheet operating leases that can allow for the return of
the equipment at the end of the lease.
Under a performance contract, Solar may supply,
install, operate, maintain, and own the equipment, as
well as auxiliary components required to provide the
service, such as electric power, steam, or com-
pressed gas. The tariff charged by Solar is based on
the amount of service delivered.
The Contract Power organization is fully qualified
with worldwide experience and expertise in financ-
ing and power contracts to assist you in deter-
mining the best financial option to optimize your
economic return.
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15
14 26
24
25 29
27
13 3 32 36
1 11
12
4
21 7
10 5 6 9
8
22 30
19 18
23

17
28 34
Headquarters 35
Representatives
O Overhaul Center 33
R Repair Center 31
BC Boost Compressor O/R Center
20
Service Parts Administrator
UNITED S TATES
Exchange Turbines
1 Anaheim P
R Refurbishment Center
2 Anchorage 16 38
R P P Service Parts Center
3 Chicago
37
4 O DeSoto
5 Houston CANADA EUROPE/AFRICA PACIFIC
6 Lafayette 14 Calgary 24 Aberdeen 31 O R BC Bandung
7 BC R Mabank 15 O R BC Edmonton 25 R Dublin 32 Beijing
8 Miami R P
26 R Esbjerg 33 Jakarta
9 BC P New Orleans 27 O R BC Gosselies 34 O R BC Kuala Lumpur
10 Odessa LATIN AMERICA P 35 P Singapore
11 P Ontario 16 Buenos Aires 28 R Lagos 36 Tokyo
12 Upper Saddle River 17 Caracas 29 London
13 Salt Lake City 18 Cd. Del Carmen AUSTRALIA
San Diego 19 Mexico City MIDDLE EAST 37 O R Melbourne
R
20 Rio de Janeiro 30 Dubai P

21 R Tijuana 38 BC Perth
22 O R BC Veracruz
23 O R Villahermosa
PA95141MS

Sola r’s C ustom e r Se rvic e s Fa c ilities

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FO R MO RE INFORMA TION
Telephone: (+1) 619-544-5352
Telefax: (+1) 619-544-2633
Telex: 695045
Internet: www.solarturbines.com

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