Republic of the Philippines

SORSOGON STATE UNIVERSITY

Sorsogon City

An Innovative Template Design for Increased

Precision in Creating Isometric Drawings

The Research Paper is Presented to:

Mr. Bleake De Guzman

By:
Espenilla, Jerick G.
Esteves, Cristian O.
Estiller, Dianne N.
Estorninos, Marklen J.
Estropia, Shela E.
Fontelar, Paulinne A.
Funtaniel, Ria E.
Hubilla, Aaron A.
Lasay, Joada A.
 Chapter 1
Introduction

Manual drawing has been a requirement for students in the fields of architecture, drafting, and engineering.

An isometric drawing or projection is one of the necessary drawings that must be completed. These drawings

illustrate the object from a perspective where the scales in each dimension are accurately depicted at full scale.

Furthermore, the object’s three projection axes are aligned at a 120° angle, deriving from the Greek term “ίσο

μέτρο” (“íso metro”), signifying equal measure. Through a primitive empirical form utilized for centuries,

Professor William Farish was the first to establish the idea of isometry. When isometrics “became an

invaluable tool for Engineers” in the middle of the 19th century, they were both in use and included in the

curricula of Architectural training courses in Europe and the US. Moreover, according to Jan Kirke (2000),

“Axonometry originated in China. Its function in Chinese art was similar to the linear perspective in European

art. Axonometry, and the pictorial grammar that is going with it, has taken on a brand-new importance with the

appearance of visible computing”. Isometric drawing holds great importance across industries, allowing for a

comprehensive portrayal of an object or construction design from a perspective angle, as well as aiding better

visualization. Its utilization isn’t confined to educational purposes; businesses and industries also utilize it.

Attaining precision in isometric drawing is crucial, as it infuses vitality and enhances accuracy.

Regarding attaining precise Isometric drawings, most students need help creating them. To create and

understand technical drawings, Serdar and Harm DeVries (2015) contend that strong spatial visualization is

necessary. Understanding key engineering drawing principles including isometric drawing, orthographic

projection, hidden views, and sectional views is essential. However, the study contends that some learners

with inadequate spatial ability struggle to grasp the basic fundamental concepts of Engineering drawing. In

correlation with Rosanto (2019), the Grade 8 learners in Dasmarinas West National High School were having

struggles envisioning, and demonstrating Isometric drawing using appropriate drafting equipment. This also
leads to creating three-dimensional objects in two-dimensional space as well as accurately measuring and

aligning the lines at the correct angle.

In creating a precise Isometric drawing various tools are needed, such as the Set Square and Protractor.

However, the Triangular Tool stands out as the most common and widely used tool in contemporary times due

to its predefined angle, making it indispensable for drawing lines at specific angles in isometric projection

work. Historically, the first triangular tools were crafted from wood, dating back to ancient civilizations, as

noted by Corinna Rossi in 2007. As geometric knowledge advanced during the medieval and Renaissance

eras, these tools transformed, incorporating materials like ivory and metal into their construction. Metal, in

particular, gained prominence for its durability and flexibility, making it a superior choice compared to wood.

During the 18th century, brass and steel triangles emerged as essential tools in standardized engineering

drawings, with steel being characterized by its lightweight nature, exceptional strength, and corrosion

resistance. However, the pinnacle of innovation arrived in the 20th century with the advent of transparent

plastic triangles. This groundbreaking development revolutionized precision in drafting, architecture, and

engineering. Transparent plastic triangles offered a distinct advantage as they allowed users to see markings,

thus significantly enhancing the ability to create precise lines. This innovation marked a substantial leap

forward in technical drawing, enabling even greater accuracy in design and construction.

Moreover, one of the known and popular plastics that most people have been using is Acrylic sheets. Its

popularity increased during the 1960s, and it has been used in Portuguese art collections (Babo & Ferreira,

2021). Acrylic sheets have also found applications in biology, where they are used as a tool for assessing the

primary space occupant in microhabitats (Johnson & Brawley, 1998). In the field of medicine, acrylic sheets

are used in the form of test patches for diagnosing hand eczema (Agarwal et al., 2014). In materials science,

acrylic sheets have been used as battery separators due to their ability to accommodate and retain aqueous

electrolyte solutions (Goel et al., 2009).

Acrylic sheets have been utilized in the field of microfluidics, where they serve as a popular rigid

thermoplastic material for the mass production of disposable devices (Guevara-Pantoja et al., 2018).

Furthermore, acrylic sheets have been used in the preparation of decorative construction materials by

incorporating marble waste granules (El-Bashir & Hendi, 2009). In dentistry, clear overlay appliances made

from thermoplastic polymer sheets have become popular due to their esthetics and advantages in terms of oral

hygiene, cost-effectiveness, formability, and optical characteristics (Jeong et al., 2016). Acrylic sheets have

also been used in the production of denture bases and have been supplied in various forms such as powder-

liquid, gels, and sheets (Ayaz & Durkan, 2013). In the field of packaging, acrylic sheets have been used in

blends with starch and synthetic biodegradable polymers to improve their compatibility and enhance their

properties (Gunawardene et al., 2021).

They have also been incorporated into nanocomposites, such as poly (methyl methacrylate) (PMMA)

composites, to enhance their energy-dissipation mechanisms and improve their optical transparency (Eichhorn

et al., 2022). Poly (methyl methacrylate), commonly known as PMMA or acrylic, is a see-through plastic. It’s

popular in sheet form because it’s lightweight, tough, and a great glass substitute. PMMA, found under names

like Plexiglas and Lucite, is an affordable alternative to polycarbonate when extreme strength isn’t needed.

Unlike polycarbonate, it’s free of harmful bisphenol-A. Moreover, Acrylics can be available in various forms

such as molding powder or casting syrups. They are mostly known for their exceptional clarity and optical

properties in various fields. It is mostly used in the production of fixtures because of its properties such as

slow burning or self-extinguishing.

According to David Proctor (August 18, 2017), Acrylic is durable, flexible, and sustainable, it is one of

the best substitutes for glass. Acrylic, also known as Perspex or sheets of Perspex, is a versatile and eco-

friendly material that is perfect for a wide range of projects. One of the biggest benefits of using acrylic sheets

is that they are an eco-friendly material. Acrylic is made from petroleum, but it is a highly durable and long-
lasting material that can be recycled and repurposed. Unlike many other materials, acrylic sheets do not

release harmful chemicals or toxins into the environment, making them an ideal choice for any project that

aims to reduce its environmental impact. Additionally, acrylic sheet is energy efficient. They can be produced

with less energy than glass and are lightweight, making them easier to transport and install. It is also possible

to find recycled acrylic sheets that are made from post-consumer plastic waste, making them an even more

eco-friendly choice for your next project. Acrylic is a material that surely has varied applications in the future

with the advancements in technology and research it surely can make a great contribution to useful purposes in

the environment (Pawar, 2016).

The researcher aims to develop a tool to support students in the field of Architecture, Engineering, and

Drafting. The study focuses on making an innovative isometric template that increases its precision in creating

isometric drawings or figures. Students enrolled in courses or strands requiring manual drawing often face

challenges due to the burdensome nature of carrying numerous drawing tools, mainly when drafting isometric

figures which demand a variety of tools. The researcher provides students with a convenient and user-friendly

isometric template, eliminating the need to carry various tools such as triangles, rulers, and protractors. The

isometric template consolidates all the essential features into one, simplifying the creation of isometric

drawings for students and promoting ease and efficiency in their work, aligning with the researcher's goal.