WARS AND SOCIAL REVOLT

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THE HUNDRED YEARS'WAR: 1337-1453

This long war between England and France started in1337 when Edward III
wanted to become king of France because he was the grandson of the French
king Philip the Fair.

In 1415 Henry V (1413-1422) achieved a very important victory at Agincourt

but the war didn't end.

In 1348 the war was interrupted because of the Black Death. It wiped out more
than a third of the population.

Under Henry VI (1422-1471) The French obtained several important victories

thanks to great charisma of Joan of Arc. By 1453 the English kings had lost all
their continental possessions except Calais.
RELIGIOUS AND SOCIAL REVOLT
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The last years of Edward III's reign saw the first open attack on the
established order of the Church. It was an attack on the wealth and
corruption of the higher clergy.
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John Wycliffe (1328-1384) was a member of Oxoford University who
opposed to the Church and attacked the supremacy of the Pope.
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He was also against the worship of relics and the paying of masses.
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He translated parts of the Bible from Latin into English because he wanted
to spread this knowledge among the common people.
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The Lollards who followed Wycliffe derived their name from the medieval
Dutch word meaning 'to mutter' (probably reflecting their style of worship,
which was based on reading the scriptures).
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The Lollards attacked the corruption of the Church and demanded social
reforms. The movement was later suppressed, many heretics were put to
death but its ideas survived until the 16 th century
(Reformation/Protestantism)
 Religious and social revolt
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Wycliffe inspired the so called Lollard heresy: it
widespread particularly among the poor people.
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A peasants' revolt broke out in 1381.
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This revolt was mainly caused by a tax, called
Poll Tax.
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This taxation asked for 3 groats (ancient
coin=12 pennies) from every male in the family
over 15.
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This revolt was suppressed but popular
uprisings continued to break out from time to
time.
 THE WAR OF THE ROSES
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The War of the Roses was a civil war that
lasted from 1454 until 1485.
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It was fought between the two noble houses of
York and Lancaster.
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It was so called because of the white (House of
York) and red (House of Lancaster) roses that
figured in the two families' coats of arms.
 The Wars of the Roses
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In 1485 Henry the Tudor (House of Lancaster)
defeated Richard III (House of York) at the
battle of Bosworth.
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He became Henry VII of England and ruled the
country until 1509.
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It was the beginning of the English
Renaissance.