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 6C*DEi + r. S dnr& Trlr Nt u G
Allegretto Schuberr

6T
Hissler
+A
Tempo di menuetto

Allegretro

Mozart

Weber

Haydn

Spanish Folk Song

Andante

Bartok

' Y -F '
- -
@ Boosey & Hawkes Music Publishers Ltd
reprinted by permission
Test 4A (cont.)

Moderato Hofrnann
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Un poco animato

Polish Folk Song

Samuel Webbe

L4

Corelli

Allegro grazioso Schtitt

Vivace French Folk Song

Grieg
Andante con moto
PUPTL'S COPY
62
8 +g urv(
Tbst 5A (cont.)
Es T
Allegro moderato J.S. Bach
5A
Hissler

Purcell
tJ = trrl

J.S. Bach
Poco allegro

Praetorius

S6verac
Tempo di minuetto

KabalevskY

Mendelssohn
Andante sostenuto

Purcell
tJ=oot

Schubert
 Le-l 5s
24

25
 27

O Perforrnance directions
(*e TIU AB Guidc to Music Tluory,lO)

Many words which are not English, and many special signs are used to explain how music
is to be performed. The best way pf gening to know them is to look them up as you come
acrcss them in your pieces, and then to remember them. (There is a Glossary of such words
on pages 106-114 of Tlu AB Guidc to Music Tlnory, Part I.) Below are some very common
words - all Italian - which you.should know in Grade I.

accelerartdo (or accel.) gradually gening quicker

adagio slow
allegretto fairly quick &ut not as quick as allegro)
allegro quick (literally'cheerful')
andante at,a medium ('walking') speed
cantabile in a singing style
crescendo (or cresc.) gradually gening louder
dn cap (or D.C.) repeat from the beginning
dnl segno (or D.S. ) repeat from the sign 95
dccrescertdo (or dccresc.) gradually gening quieter
diminucndo (or dim.) gradually gening quieter
firu the end
f (= forte) loud
ff (= fortisimo) very loud
legato smoothly
lento slow
rnezzo half
mf (= mezzo forre) moderately loud (literally 'half loud)
mp (= mezzo piano) moderately quiet (literally 'half quiet)
madcrato moderately (allegro modcrato: moderately quick)
p F piano) quiet
pp F pbnissimo) very quiet
poco a linle
rallentando (or rall.) gening gradually slower
itardando (or itard. or it.) gening gradudly slower
itenuto (or iten. or it.) held back
staccato (or stacc.) detached
speed, time (a rcmpo: in time)
 Below ar€ some signs and other directions which you should
know in Grade l.

= crescefTdo (gndually gening louder)

= diminumdo (gradually gening quieter)
over two differezt notes (not to be confused with a tie)
or over a group of notes is called a.slur':
perform the notes smoothly
8aa = ottsvil (octave)
8aa (over a note or no.tes): perform an octave higher
8- -----r
I

8aa I (under a note or notes): perfbrm an octave lower

8__ ____r
I

a
a dot over or under a note f ) = staccato
over or under a note a) =accent
a over a note )
Pause on the note
under a note t
Fand: repeat marks - at the second sign, go back to the fint sign
and repeat the music from there (the first sign is left out
if the music is repeated from the beginning)
M.M. ) = T2 72 crctchet beats in a minute
(oriust ) =72) (M.M. is short for Maelzel's Meuonorne)
28

I Performance directions
(see The AB Guifu to Music Tluory,l0 and ll)
In Grade 2, you will be expected to know the following words and signs, in addition to those
given in Grade l. The words below are all Italian.

a at, to, by, for, in, in the style of

al,alla to the, in the manner of (alla marcia: in the style of a march)
allargando broadening (gening a little slower and probably a little louder)
andantino slightly faster than Andanre (but may also mean slightly slower)
assai very (allegro assai: very quick)
con, col with
dolce sweet, soft
e, ed and
espressioo (or espress.
espr.)
or expressive
fp (= fortepiano) loud, then immediately soft
giocoso playful, merry
graae very slow, solemn
grarioso graceful
largheno ryther slow (but not as slow as largo)
Iargo slow, stately
/tw but
m(ustoso maiestic
rneno less

molto very, much

mosso, moto movement Qneno npsso: slower; con moto: with movement)
non not
pin more
presto fast (faster than Allegro)
senza without
sf, sfz (= sforzando
sforzato)
or forced, accented
simile (or sim.) in the same way
sostenuto sustained
tenuto held
troppo too much (non troppo: not too much)
aiuace, uiuo lively, quick
 Below are some signs you should know in Grade 2. 78
->A >
| )r J
The sign
n
over or under a note means that it is to be accented.
(over) and v (under) mean the same, or even stronger acents.

tf t)!
.-. Dots inside a slur mean that the notes should be slightly separated
(semi-staccato), but less so than notes with ordinary staccato dots.

:, A wedge s.ign '

IJ is to be played as
indicates a super.-staccato (staccatissimo): thb note
briefly as possible and perhaps accented as well.

t)
_l
The sign - means that the note is
(and generally slightly separated).
to be given a slight pressure

J General exercises

Exercise 24 This is the beginning of a melody. Look at it, and then answer the questions below.

Allegro non troppo Tchaikovsky, Album for the Young (Mazurka)

(a) What key is the melody in? ............

(b) Which bar has only notes belonging to the tonic triad? .....

(c) Draw circles round two notes next to each other which make the interval of an octave.
(d) Draw over any pair of notes which make a semitone.

(e) Which bar has an accented note? .....

(f) What is the Italian word for the sign

What does it mean?

(g) $fhich bars have a different rhythm from the first one?
(h) What is z/ short for? .......... Vhat does it mean?

(i) What is the letter name of the last note in bar 4? .....

Show how this note would be wrinen in the bass clef. -lr
36

L Performance directions
(rce The AB Guide to Music T'heoryt,l0 and ll)
llere are some words (in addition to those in earlier grades) - all Italian - whiih you will be
expected to know in Grade 3.

adagietto rather slow ftut faster than adagio)

ad libitum, ad lib. at choice, meaning that a passage may be played freely
agitato agitated
alla breue with a minim beat, equivalent to t. (A), implying a faster
tempo than the note values might otherwise sr€gest
atnore love (antoroso: loving)
anina soul, spirit (cot anima can mean 'with feeling' or 'spirited')
aninnto animated, hvely (aninnndo: becoming more lively)
ben well
brio vigour (con bio; with vigour, lively)
comodo convenient (tempo comodo: at a comfortable speed)
deciso with determination
delicato delicate
mergico energetic
forza force
largamente broadly
leggiero light, nimble
ntarcato, ntarc. emphatic, accented
marziale in a military style
,nesto sad
pesante heavy
' prima, pimo first
isoluto bold, strong
itmico rhythmically
ntbato, tempo rubato with some freedom of time
scherzando, scherzoso playful, joking
sectmda, secondo second
semplice simple, plain
sempre always.
stingendo gradually getting faster
ythito suddenly
tenIl so much
tranEillo calnr
triste. tristornente satl, sorrowful
t,olto time (pnlla z,olta: ltrst time; secotda ztolta: second time)
L lnstruments
The general questions about a passage of music may include simple, related questions abour
srandard orchestral instruments. You should be aware of the orchestral families to
which the main instruments belong.

violin, viola, cello, double bass;

strings:
woodwind: flute, oboe, clarinet, bassoon;
6rcss: horn, trumpet, trombone, tubal
peratssion: timpani (kenledrums), side drum, bass drum, cymbals.

You should also be aware of certain signs and directions which refer to particular instruments.
The more common of these are given in section M below.

It may also help you to know about the clefs which these instrumenrs use, although
specific questions will not be asked until Grade 5 -

treble clef: violin, flute, oboe, clarinet, horn (sometimes bass clef), trumper;
alto clef: viola (sometimes treble clef!
bass clef: cello (sometimes treble or tenor clef), double bass, bassoon,
trombone (sometimes tenor clef), tuba.

Note that string instruments can sometimes play two notes simultaneously (or even three
or four). Wind instruments, however, can play only one at a time.

M Pertorrnance directions
The following terms and signs apply only to certain instruments.

Strings sord.) with mutes

con sordini (or con
& Brass senza sordini (or.senza sord.) without mures
Strings arco play with the bow (a direction after pizzicato)
n and V are bowing marks ( -,' is a 'down' bow and V an 'up' bow)
a slur over or under notes means that they are to be played in one stroke of
. rhe bow (either up or down)
pizzicaro plucked
sul G play on the G string
sul ponricello play near the bridge

Piano una corda (literally 'one string') press the left pedal
rre corde (literally 'three strings') release rhe left pedal
*a rF 'press/release the right pedal
l>r
,nano hand (mano sinista or m.r.: left hand; mano destra or m,d.: right hand)
("lso used by the harp)
,
I tpt ad the notes of a chord quickly, starting from the bottom note
In Grade 4 you will be expected to know the meaning of the following Italian terms.
affetunso tenderly'
affrettando hurrying
amabile amiable, pleasant
appassionato with passion
calando getting softer, dying away (and'usually slowing down)
cantando singing
come as, similar to (cune pima: as before; come soprai as above)
facile easy
finco fire
gittsto prop:r, exacr., (tempo giusto: in strict time)
I'istesso the same (l'istesso tempo: at the same speed)
morendo dying away
niente nothing
nobilmente nobly
perdendosi dying away
possibile possible Q>resto possibilez as fast as possible)
Eusi as if, resembling
sonoro resonant, with rich tone
sopra above
sotto below (iotto ooce: in an undertone)
ueloce swift
noce voice

You will also be expected to know the meaning of the following French terms.

d to, at
anim6 animated, lively
assez enough, sufliciently
aaec with
cidez yield, relax the speed
durce sweet
m dehors prominent (a direction to make a melody stand out)
et and
l4girenienr light
Ient slow
mais but
mains less
nndh6 at a moderate speed
non not
peu linle
plus more
presser hurry (en pressant: hurrying on)
ralentir slow down
retenu held back (en retenanr: holding back, slowing a linle)
sons without,
tris very
un, une one
aif lively
dte quick

+3
 You will also be expected to know the meaning of the following German terrns.
aber but
Ausdntck expression
bansegt with movement, agitated
breit broad, expffisive
ein a, one
einfach simple
etwas somewhat, rather
frrihlich cheerful, ioyful
imrner always
langsam slow
lebhaft lively
rnrissig at a moderate speed
mit with
nicht not
ohru without
nthig peaceful
schrull fast
sehr very
szss sweet
taurig sad
und and
voll full
aJen g linle
wiedcr again
zart tender, delicate
zu to, too

You should also understand the signs used to show reiterations and repeats
(see Tlu AB Guidc to Music,13)

M nstruments and voices

...1

In Grade 5 you will be expecred to know thi names of instnrments, the clds they use,
instnrment family groups and the basic way bybhich they produce sound. Section L in
Music Tluny in Practice, Grade 4, provides some basic facts; and Chapten 19-21in Tlu
AB Guide to Music Tlnory, Paft II, gives further information, although more than you will
need to know at this stage.
The questions about a passage of music may include questions on voices and the clefs
they use. See Section E of this book for some basic facts and Chapter 14 in TIE AB Guidc
to Music Tfury, Part II, for more detailed information.
 13 l't
r I
r5 '16 rt7 ,

Allegro moderato

,l ,,2 ,13
14 . ,,5 , ,6 ,
-J

L Perforrnance directions
In Grade 5 you will be expected to know the
meaning of the following Italian
;
attacca go straight on to the ne)c section
dolente
of music
sad, mournful
dolore grief (doloroso: sorrowful)
doppio moaimento twice as fast
estinto as soft as possible, lifeless
incalzando gening quicker
lacimoso sad
loco
at the normal pitch (used to cancel
lunga an Bva direction)
long (lunga pattsa: long pause)
Iusingando coaxrng, m a sweet and persuasive
misura sgle
measure (alla misura: in strict
ossia
time; irrro mtsura: in free time)
or, alternatively
piaceaole pleasant
piangeaole plaintive, in the sgle of a lament
Nclutino, poch. rather little
inforzand,o, r.f, rfz reinforcing
segue go straight on
snwrzando, slnorz. dyrng away in rone and speed
teneratnenrc, rcnerezza tenderly, tenderness
tosto swift, rapid (but often used in the same
zvlante sense as toppo)
flying, fast
5 hAbe

*T",l4WM

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