Agricultural Products

Alphacypermethrin
>> > Technical Product Information for Crop Uses
Introduction.

The insecticide effect of pyrethrum, a combination of substances from various types of chrysanthemum, has been recognized
for over a hundred years. Over the last few decades synthetic pyrethroids have been developed using chemical synthesis from
the insecticide agents which occur naturally in pyrethrum. In comparison with pyrethrum their advantages are mainly their
significantly better photo stability, a broader spectrum of effectiveness and an extremely high insecticide effect. The first syn-
thetically produced pyrethroid in its class was permethrin (introduced to the market in 1977), followed closely by cypermethrin.
Alphacypermethrin, a third generation pyrethroid, was first introduced to the market in 1983. It was produced by selecting the
most effective isomers from the isomeric combination of its predecessor, cypermethrin.
This achieved an improvement in effectiveness with a simultaneous reduction in the quantity of agent. In addition a reduction
in toxicity for warm-blooded animals and a higher degree of photo stability in comparison with cypermethrin were achieved.

In 2001 the turnover in pyrethroids was approximately US$ 1.4 bn, equivalent to 20% of the international insecticides sales.
With sales totalling more than US$ 100 m, alphacypermethrin is of the largest selling pyrethroids worldwide (2001).

Alphacypermethrin formulations by BASF have been registered in about 40 countries around the world and approved for use
in over 90 crops. It is largely applied in cereals, maize, rice, cotton, coffee, oil plants, sugar beet, legumes, vegetables, fruit,
vines and forestry applications. With the alphacypermethrin formulations (major brands are: FASTAC ®, MAGEOS®,
FENDONA®) of BASF a broad spectrum of significant chewing and piercing – sucking insect pests which occur in agriculture,
specialty crops and forestry can be controlled safely. Alphacypermethrin formulations by BASF also play a leading role in appli-
cations against vectors of dangerous tropical diseases such as malaria or dengue.

02 <
 >>
Contents.

>> Physical and Chemical Properties. > 04

>> Mode of Action. > 05

>> Biological Activity. > 08

>> International Registrations. > 14

>> Resistance/Resistance Management. > 20

>> Formulations. > 23

>> Toxicology. > 24

>> Effects on Beneficials. > 25

>> Environmental Fate and Residues. > 28

>> Safety and First Aid Instructions. > 29

>> Summary. > 30

> 03
Physical and Chemical Properties.

Name: Alphacypermethrin

Chemical group: Pyrethroid

Chemical name (IUPAC): Racemic combination of (S) – alpha-cyano-3-phe-

noxybenzyl (1R, 3R)-3-(2,2-dichlorvi-nyl)-2,2dime-
thylcyclopropane carboxylate and (R) - alpha-
cyano-3-phenoxybenzyl (1S, 3S)-3-(2,2-dichlorvi-
nyl)-2,2-dimethyl-cyclopropane carboxylate

Structural formula: Cl
H
Cl

CN

Cl
H
Cl

CN

Empirical formula: C22H19Cl2NO3

Molecular weight: 416.3

Physical form: crystalline

Colour: white to yellow

Odour: slight odour

Melting point: 80.5˚C

Vapour pressure: 1.7 x 10-10 hPa

Solubility (g/100ml water: 0.58 x 10-6

Solvent at 20˚C): (almost insoluble)
acetone: 62.0
cyclohexanone: 51.5
n-hexane: 0.7
xylol: 35.1
dichlormethane: 55.0
ethyl acetate: 44.0

Partition coefficient: 5.16

(n-octanol/water, log P o/w)

Stability: stable in neutral and acidic environments,

hydrolysed in strong lyes

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04 <
 >> >

Mode of Action.

Alphacypermethrin, a synthetic pyrethroid, acts like naturally occurring pyrethrum on the nervous system of insects.
The nervous system serves to transmit information in the organism. Stimuli act on sensory receptors which trigger a response.
The nerves transmit this response e.g. to muscles where a reaction takes place. Changes in electrical charge to the membra-
nes of the nerve fibres play a decisive role in producing and transmitting responses. In an idle state (resting potential) the
nerve fibre membranes are charged with a concentration of Na+ ions, positive on the exterior and negative on the interior.
The stimuli cause specific Na+ channels to open through which Na+ ions flow into the interior of the nerve fibres and cause a
reversal in the state of charge. A so-called action potential is created along the length of the membrane. In order to be able to
receive new stimuli the stimulated areas have to be returned to their idle state. This is achieved by actively transmitting ions
and closing the specific Na+ channels.

CHANGES IN ELECTRICAL CHARGE TO THE NERVE MEMBRANE (SIMPLIFIED AND SCHEMATISED):

Idle state (resting potential) Stimulus

+ -
Na+ ions on exterior
nerve membrane

Closed Na+ channels open Na+ channels

on interior
- +
Action potential
Transmission of sti-
(reversal of the state of charge)
mulus along the
nerve membrane
Without alphacypermethrin contact With alphacypermethrin contact

>> After stimulation: recovery phase and >> Na+ channels are kept open
creation of resting potential through Sustained succession of nerve impulses
active ion transmission >> Sustained stimulation, exhaustion and
>> Na+ channels closed again death of the insect

If the Na+ channels opened by the creation of action potentials are kept open by the effect of alphacypermethrin, this leads to
a succession of sustained action potentials which destroys the impulse sequence and transmission. The affected insect is thus
subject to uncoordinated movements and finally death.
Although alphacypermethrin is highly effective against insects it is not toxic for warm-blooded animals because of its high
degree introduction of selectivity in the relevant application quantities.
FASTAC ® is actice against both piercing-sucking and chewing insects. The effect is triggered by the insects contact with, or
ingestion of the active ingredient. In addition to its effect on mature and unmature insects FASTAC ® has also demonstrated a
significant ovicidal effect. The excellent knock-down and residual control of FASTAC ® products are complemented by a strong
repellent effect on pests. Because the effect of alphacypermethrin is increased at lower temperatures, FASTAC ® products can
also ideally be used under cool climatic conditions. Due to low solubility in water and excellent rain-fastness the product is not
washed off plant surfaces by rain. This means that a high degree of control can be achieved in unfavourable climatic conditions.

> 05
Modern Crop Protection means protecting
crops and beneficials.

06 <
 >>
Biological Activity.

International Registrations.

> 07
Biological Activity.

Products containing alphacypermethrin (e.g. FASTAC ® SC, FASTAC ® 10 EC and FASTAC ® FORST in Germany) are very
effective against many important insect pests in agriculture, specialty crops and forestry. The affected pests can be classified
into the following groups:

INSECT ORDER EXAMPLES

Coleoptera pollen beetle, leaf beetle, flea beetle, seed beetles, flower weevils, bark beetles, snout beetles

Diptera gall midges, leaf miners, fruit flies, ricewhorl maggot

Heteroptera Shield bugs

Homoptera cicada, whitefly, aphids, scales

Hymenoptera ants, sawflies, wasps

Lepidoptera diamondback moths, tortrix, pyralid moths, tent caterpillars, tussock moths, bollworms

Orthoptera locusts, crickets, grasshoppers

Thysanoptera thrips

The following table (arranged alphabetically by Latin name) provides an overview of significant pests in worldwide agriculture
which can be controlled by products containing alphacypermethrin in important crops.

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08 <
RECOMMENDED DOSAGES FOR EFFECTIVE USE OF BASF ALPHACYPERMETHRIN FORMULATIONS:

CEREALS/MAIZE (g a.i. per ha)

Cereal bugs Eurygaster integriceps, Caragana aphid Acyrthosiphon caraganae 10 - 15
Aelia rostrata 6 - 15 Corn maggot Atherigona oryzae 15 - 20
Cutworm Apamea inceps, Agrotis spp, Corn borer Ostrinia furnacalis,
Euxoa spp. 7 - 20 Diatraea spp. 15 - 30
Cereal chafer Anisoplia segetum 15 - 20 European corn borer Ostrinia nubilalis 15 - 30
Cereal fly Oscinella pusilla, O. frit 12 American bollworm Helicoverpa armigera 10
Lema black cereal beetle Lema melanopus 10 - 15 Stalkborer Busseola fusca 10 - 25
Flea beetles Chaetocnema spp., Armyworm Spodoptera frugiperda,
Phyllotreta vittula 10 - 15 Spodoptera spp.
Thrips Thrips spp.Haplothrips tritici 10 - 15 Mythimna spp. 12 - 25
Grain aphids Macrosiphum spp., Grasshoppers Melanoplus spp. 15 - 25
Rhopalosiphum spp,
Sitobium avenae 10 - 15

CITRUS1 (g a.i. per 100 liters water)

Aspidiotus scale Aspidiotus spp. 2.0 2 Flower moth Prays citri 1
Black citrus aphid Toxoptera aurantii 1.5 - 2.5 2 Mealy bugs Pseudococcus spp. 3.0 - 5.5 2
California black scale Saissetia oleae 1.0 - 1.5 2 Planococcus spp. 1.02
California red scale Aonidiella aurantii 1.0 - 2.0 2 Mussel scale Lepidosaphes spp. 3
Citrus aphid Aphis spiraecola 2.0 2 Ants (Application on Anoplolepis custodiens 2,50%
Citrus leafminer Phyllocnistis citrella 1.0 - 2.0 2 ant barrier) Pheidole spp.

COCOA (g a.i. per 100 liters water)

Cockchafer Apoginia spp. 2.0 - 3.0 Grasshopper Valanga spp. 2.0 - 3.0
Cocoa moth Acrocercops cramerella 1.0 - 1.5 Mosquito bug Helopeltis spp 1.5 - 3.0

COFFEE1 (g a.i. per ha)

White coffee leafminer Perileucoptera coffeella 5.0 - 6.0 g Aphids Aphis sp. 15 - 20
a.i. per 1000 plants

> 09
COTTON (g a.i. per ha)
Armyworms, leafworms Alabama spp. 7.5 - 10 Pink bollworms Pectinophora 15 - 25
Spodoptera spp. 17.5 - 30 Red bollworms Diparopsis spp. 12.5 - 25 2
Bollworms Heliothis spp. 20 - 30 Shield bugs Lygus spp. 15 - 25
Cotton aphids Aphis gossypii 15 - 25 3 Spiny bollworms Earias spp. 15 - 30
Cotton stainers Dysdercus spp. 10 - 20 Boll weevil Anthonomus grandis 35 - 40
Jassids Empoasca spp. 10 - 20 Thrips Thrips tabaci 10 - 25
Leaf perforator Bucculatrix thurberiella 10 - 17.5 Whitefly Bemisia tabaci 25 - 35 3,4
Loopers Pseudoplusia spp. 25 - 35 4
Trichoplusia spp. 17.5 - 30 4

FLOWER CROPS (g a.i. per ha)

Beet armyworm Spodoptera exigua 25 - 35 Glasshouse whitefly Trialeurodes vaporariorum 17.5 - 35
Weevils Tanymecus dillaticolis 30 Leaf miners Liriomyza spp. 15 - 30
Chrysanthemum aphid Macrosiphoniella sanborni 17.5 - 25

FORESTRY (g a.i. per ha)

Balsam fir sawfly Neodiprion abietis 4.0 - 10 Pine moths Dioryctria spp. 10 - 15
Bark beetle Pityogenes 35 - 75 g Pine shoot beetle Blastophagus piniperda 35 - 75 g
chalcographus a.i. per 100 liters water
a.i. per 100 liters water Pine spinner Dendrolimus pini 1.0 - 7.5
Brown tailed moth Euproctis chrysorrhea 4.0 - 10 Poplar moth Oiketicus kirbyi 15 - 20
European pine sawfly Neodiprion sertifer 4.0 - 6.0 Saddle-back looper Ectropis crepuscularia 4.0 - 10
False hemlock looper Nepytia canosaria 4.0 - 10 Spruce bark beetle Ips typographus 35 - 75 g
Green oak leaf roller Tortrix viridana 7.5 - 10 a.i. per 100 liters water
Gypsy moth Lymantria dispar 5.0 - 7.5 Spruce budworm Choristoneura spp. 10 - 15
Larch tortrix moth Zeiraphera diniana 10 - 20 Striped ambrosia beetle Xyloterus lineatus 35 - 75 g
Large pine weevil Hylobius abietis 35 - 75 g a.i. per 100 liters water
a.i. per 100 liters water Tent caterpillars Malacosoma spp. 7.5 - 15
(preplant dip) Tussock moths Orgyia spp. 4.0 - 10
Nun moth Lymantria monacha 4.0 - 6.0 Wattle bagworm Kotochalia junodi 7.5 - 15
Pine emperor moth Nudaurelia cythereae 4.0 - 6.0 Willow emperor moth Gonimbrasia tyrrhea 7
Pine looper Bupalus piniarius 10 - 15 Winter moth Operophthera brumata 7.5 - 15

FRUIT: BERRY, BUSH AND CANE1 (g a.i. per 100 liters water)
Gooseberry aphid Aphis grossulariae 1.0 - 3.0 2 Strawberry weevils Anthonomus signatus 2.5 - 3.5
Raspberry beetle Byturus tomentosus 2 Polydrosus sericeus 2
Strawberry blossom weevil Anthonomus rubi 2

10 <
FRUIT: POME AND STONE1 (g a.i. per 100 liters water)
Apple aphid Aphis pomi 1.0 - 2.0 2 Rosy apple aphid Dysaphis plantaginea 2.5 - 4.5
Apple-grass aphid Rhopalosiphum spp. 1.5 - 3.0 2 San Jose scale Quadraspidiotus spp. 2.0 - 3.0
Blister moths Leucoptera spp. 2.0 - 4.0 Sawfly Hoplocampa testudinea 2.0 - 3.55
Bud moths Spilonota spp. 1.0 - 3.0 Snout beetles Eremnus spp.,
Capsids Lygus spp. 2.5 - 3.5 Phlyctinus callosus 0,75
Fruit moths Cydia spp. 1.0 - 2.0 Summer fruit tortrix moth Adoxophyes orana 1.0 - 2.0
Green peach aphid Myzus persicae 0.75 - 2.0 Tortrix, leaf rollers Archips spp. 1.0 - 2.0 or
Leaf blister mite Phyllonorycter blancardella 1.0 - 2.0 20-30 g ai/ha
Light brown apple moth Epiphyas postvittana 2.0 - 4.0 Winter moth Operophthera brumata 0.75 - 1.5
Mediterranean fruit fly Ceratitis capitata 1,5 American bollworm Helicoverpa armigera 0.0005 % ai
Pear loopers Ectropis spp. 0.75 - 1.5 Codling moth Cydia pomonella 0.0005 %ai
Pear sucker Psylla piri 1.0 - 2.0 or 20-30 g ai/ha

HOPS1 (g a.i. per 100 liters water)

Damson-hop aphid Phorodon humuli 2.0 - 3.5

OIL PALM1 (g a.i. per 100 liters water)

Bag worm Metisa plana 1.0 - 2.0 Darna trima
Nettle caterpillars Setora nitens, 1.0 - 2.0 Thosea spp. 1.0 - 2.0

OIL PALM1 (g a.i. per 100 liters water)

Sibine Sibine spp. 0.75 - 3.5

OIL SEED, FORAGE CROPS, AND FIELD VEGETABLES (g a.i. per ha)
Alfalfa caterpillar Colias lesbia 17.5 - 22.5 Flea beetles Phyllotreta spp. 10 - 15
Alfalfa seed chalcid Bruchophagus roddi 25 - 35 Flower weevils Apion spp. 5 - 15
Bladder pod midge Dasyneura brassicae 10 - 20 Leaf miners Agromyza spp. 20 - 25
Blue-green lucerne aphid Acyrthosiphon kondoi 10 - 20 Lucerne flower midge Contarinia medicaginis 15 - 25
Cabbage aphid Brevicoryne brassicae 15 - 25 Pea aphid Acyrthosiphon pisum 7.5 - 12.5
Cowpea aphid Aphis craccivora 15 - 20 Pollen beetle Meligethes spp. 7.5 - 15
Alfalfa plant bug Adelphocoris lineolatus 15 - 20 Rape flea beetle Psylliodes chrysocephala 7.5 - 12.5
Cabbage stem weevil Ceuthorrhynchus quadridens 10 - 20 Seed weevil Ceuthorrhynchus assimilis 10 - 20
Cabbage white butterfly Pieris brassicae 10 - 20 Sorghum midge Contarinia sorghicola 17.5 - 27.5
Carrot looper Rachiplusia nu 15 - 30 Southern armyworm Spodoptera eridania 17.5 - 27.5
Corn earworm Heliothis zea 15 - 27.5 Turnip sawfly Athalia rosae 7.5 - 12.5
Diamond-back moth Plutella xylostella 10 - 27.5 Velvetbean caterpillar Anticarsia gemmatalis 10 - 12.5
Fall armyworm Spodoptera frugiperda 17.5 - 30 Weevils Sitona longulus 15 - 20

>> >
> 11
PASTURE (g a.i. per ha)
Locust Dociostaurus maroccanus 7.0 - 15 Lucerne caterpillar Colias electo 5
Locust Caliptamus italicus 7.0 - 15 Corbie Oncopera intricata 10 - 17.5
Locust Locusta migratoria 7.0 - 15 Grassgrub Costelytra zealandica 25 - 30
Armyworm Spodoptera exempta 10 Grasshopper Amblytropodea australis 5.5 - 12.5

PEANUTS (g a.i. per ha)

American bollworm Helicoverpa armigera 10

RICE (g a.i. per ha)

Brown plant hopper Nilaparvata lugens 15 - 40 Rice armyworm Mythimna spp. 10 - 20
Rice bug Leptocorisa sp. 10 - 40 Rice leaf folders Cnaphalocrocis spp. 7.5 - 40
Thrips Baliothrip biformis 10 - 20 Rice stem borers Chilo spp., Sesamia spp. 10 - 40
Fall armyworm Spodoptera frugiperda 7.5 - 15 Tryporyza spp.,
Leafhoppers Nephotettix spp. 10 - 40 Scirpophaga incertulas 10 - 40
Laodelphax spp. 10 - 20 Ricewhorl maggot Hydrellia philippina 15 - 25
Paddy armyworm Spodoptera mauritia 7.5 - 15

SORGHUM (g a.i. per ha)

American bollworm Helicoverpa armigera 10 Stalkborer Busseola fusca 6.25 - 12.5

SOYBEANS (g a.i. per ha)

Bean web worm Maruca testulalis 15 - 20 Stink bugs Nezara viridula 15 - 25
Cabbage looper Plusia gamma 15 - 30 Piezodorus guildingi 15 - 25
Carrot looper Rachiplusia nu 15 - 30 Velvetbean caterpillar Anticarsia gemmatalis 5 - 15
Grasshoppers Dichroplus spp. 25 - 30 Soybean weevil Sternechus subsignatus 20 - 30
Leaf beetles Diabrotica spp. 15 - 20 Soybean looper Pseudoplusia includens 12 - 15
Soyabean podworm Heliothis spp. 15 - 25 Velvetbean caterpillar Anticarsia gemmatalis 10 - 12

SUGAR BEET (g a.i. per ha)

Beet leaf miner Pegomyia betae 10 - 20 Green peach aphid Myzus persicae,
Black bean aphid Aphis fabae 6 - 25 Pemphigus fuscicornis 10 - 25
Cabbage moth Mamestra brassicae 12.5 - 17.5 Sugar beet flea beetle Chaetocnema tibialis 6 - 15
Flea beetles Phyllotreta spp. 6 - 20 Turnip moth Agrotis segetum 10 - 15
Beet root weevil Bothynoderes punctiventris 20 - 25

TEA (g a.i per 100 liters water)

Tea tortrix Homona coffearia 1.0 - 2.0

1
Volumes of application vary with the method of spraying and from country to
country. Follow local recommendations.
2
Good spray coverage is required the pests. Best results are achieved with early
application made before the infestation is established.
3
Good underleaf cover is required the pests. Early treatment is recommended
to maximize the repellent activity of the product.
4
Good crop penetration and coverage are required to achieve satisfactory control
when the pests are in the lower half of the crop.
5
Early application is recommended, i.e. at egg hatch.

12 <
TOBACCO (g a.i. per ha)
Cutworms Spodoptera litura 15 - 20 Leafhoppers Empoasca spp. 15 - 25
Bollworms Heliothis spp. 2.0 - 17.56 Tobacco hornworm Manduca sexta 15 - 22.5
Dark-sided cutworm Euxoz messoria 12.5 - 25 Tobacco whitefly Bemisia tabaci 17.5 - 27.5
Flea beetles Exitrix spp. 7.5 - 15

VEGETABLES 7 (g a.i. per ha)

American Diamond-back moth Plutella xylostella 10 - 25
bollworm/fruitworm Helicoverpa armigera 10 - 30 European corn borer Ostrinia nubilalis 15 - 25
Onion thrip Thrips tabaci 10 - 20 Flea beetles Phyllotreta spp. 10 - 15
Melon thrip Thrips palmi 20 - 25 Glasshouse whitefly Trialeurodes vaporariorum 17.5 - 27.5
Armyworms Spodoptera spp. Green peach aphid Myzus persicae 15 - 25
Pseudaletia separata 10 - 27.5 8 Bean fly Ophiomyia phaseoli 15 - 20
Bean leafhopper Sogatella spp. 25 - 35 Leaf miners Gnorimoschema spp. 15 - 25
Eggplant fruitborer Leucinodes orbonalis 15 - 20 Liriomyza huidobrensis 15 - 25
Leafhoppers Amrasca (Empoasca) Lettuce aphid Macrosiphum euphorbiae 10 - 20
biguttula 15 - 20 Pea aphid Acyrthosiphon pisum 10 - 25
Bean web worm Maruca testulalis 15 - 20 Pea beetle Bruchus pisorum 10 - 25
Bean weevil Sitona lineata 7.5 - 20 Pea Moth Laspeyresia nigricana 110 - 25
Black been aphid Aphis fabae 10 - 27.5 Potato-cucumber flea beetle Epitrix cucumeris 12.5 - 20
Aphids Aphis craccivora, Potato tuber moth Phthorimaea operculella 15 - 25
Aphis gossypii 15 - 20 Potato blister beetle Epicauta atomaria 15 - 20
Bladder pod midge Dasyneura brassicae 17.5 - 25 Corn rootworm Diabrotica speciosa 15 - 20
Bollworms Heliothis spp. 10 - 20 Squash beetle Aulacophora similis 15 - 20
Cabbage loopers Plusia gamma, Small cabbage white Pieris rapae 10 - 15
Trichoplusia ni 25 - 35 Soybean looper Pseudoplusia includens 15 - 25
Cabbage moth Mamestra brassicae 10 - 17.5 Tobacco whitefly Bemisia tabaci 4g
Cabbage white butterfly Pieris brassicae 10 - 20 a.i. per100 liters water 9
Cabbage whitefly Aleurodes brassicae 5.5 g Tomato leaf miners Gnorimoschema absoluta 17.5 - 25
a.i.per 100 liters water Liriomyza bryoniae 17.5 - 25
Capsids Lygus spp. 15 - 25 Neoleucinodes elegantalis 10 - 15
Carrot looper Rachiplusia nu 15 - 25 Tomato moths Mamestra oleracea 12.5 - 20
Colorado potato beetle Leptinotarsa decemlineata 7.5 - 15 Scrobipalpula absoluta 12.5 - 20
Cutworms Agrotis spp. 15 - 30

VINES (g a.i. per ha)

Grapeberry moths Clysia ambiguella 10 - 20 10 Vine tortrix Sparganothis pilleriana 10 - 30
Polychrosis botrana 10 - 36 10 Vine phylloxera Phylloxera vastatrix 24 - 36
Green leafhopper Empoasca flavescens 15 - 20

6
When directed sprays are used, very effective control may be obtained at the 8
Depending upon species.
lower end of the dosage range. When aerial or tractor applications are used, 9
Good spray coverage is required to contact the pests.
the higher rates may be necessary. 10
This recommendation is for application made before the larvae have entered
7
In waxy-leaved vegetable crop the addition of a suitable wetter can markedly the grape bunches. Higher rates be required to control larval populations once
improve performance. established within the bunches.

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> 13
International Registrations.

Products containing alphacypermethrin such as FASTAC ® or MAGEOS ®/CONTEST® are registered in over 40 countries
throughout the world and approved for use in more than 90 crops. The following table provides an overview of the crops for
which BASF products containing alphacypermethrin (without another combined substance) are registered or which have
applied for approval or partial indication.

>>
14 <
 >>
Artichokes: Chile, Italy

Beans (incl. Mung-, String-, Horse-): Australia, Chile, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Italy, Kenya, Latvia, Lithuania,
Mozambique, Norway, Philippines, Poland, South Africa, Sweden, Tanzania, U.K.

Beets (incl. Fodder): Belarus, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Latvia, Lithuania, Norway, Sweden, Poland,
Russia

Brassicas Australia, Belgium, Chile, Croatia, Czech Rep., Denmark, France, Germany, Greece,
(incl. Broccoli, Cabbage): Brussels Hungary, Indonesia,Italy, Japan, Korea, Latvia, Lithuania, New Zealand, Sprouts,
Malaysia,Norway, Poland, Russia, Slovakia, Switzerland, Sweden, U.K., Ukraine,
Yugoslavia

Cereals (General): Algeria, Australia, Austria, Croatia, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France,
Germany, Japan, Hungary, Ireland, Italy, Jordan, Kuwait, Latvia, Lebanon, Norway, Poland,
Romania, Saudi Arabia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Sweden, Switzerland, Syria, Turkey, U.A.
Emirates, Vietnam, Yemen

Citrus: Italy, South Africa, Spain, Vietnam, Zambia

Coffee: Brazil, Kenya, Paraguay, Vietnam, Zambia

Cotton: Australia, Azerbaijan, Bolivia, Brazil, Dominican Rep. Ecuador, Egypt, Ethiopia, Greece,
India, Kenya, Mexico, Morocco, Mozambique, Pakistan, Paraguay, Peru, South Africa,
Spain, Sudan, Syria, Tanzania, Uganda, Uzbekistan, Vietnam, Zambia, Zimbabwe

Cucumber: Chile, Croatia, France, Italy, Latvia, Norway, Peru, Poland, Switzerland, Yugoslavia

Forestry: Austria, Belarus, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Czech Republic, Denmark, France, Germany,
Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Romania, Russia, Slovakia, Slovenia, South Africa, Switzerland,
Ukraine, Yugoslavia

Grapes (Table-): France, Greece, Hungary, Italy, Portugal, South Africa

Lettuce: Australia, Chile, France, Germany, Greece, Italy, Latvia, Sweden

Maize: Australia, Austria, Bolivia, Brazil, Chile, Czech Rep. Denmark, Dom. Rep., Ethiopia,
France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Italy, Jordan, Latvia, Mexico, Morocco, Mozambique,
New Zealand, Norway, Philippines, South Africa, Spain, Sweden, Syria, Venezuela,
Zambia, Zimbabwe

> 15
 Mango: Bangladesh, Pakistan, Philippines, Taiwan

Melon: Chile, France, Netherlands (glasshouse)

Mustard: Czech Rep. Denmark, Hungary, Norway, Poland, Russia, Slovakia.

Olives: Algeria, Greece, Spain, Syria, Turkey

Onions: Bolivia, Brazil, Chile, Germany, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, New Zealand, Norway, Paraguay,
Poland, Sweden, Switzerland

Ornamentals: Austria, Croatia, Denmark, Germany, Greece, Latvia, Netherlands (glasshouse), Norway,
Poland, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Uganda, Yugoslavia

Pastures: Australia, Bulgaria, New Zealand, Russia, South Africa, Spain, Venezuela

Peas: Australia, Belgium, Bulgaria, Chile, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France,
Germany, Jordan, Kuwait, Latvia, Lithuania, Mozambique, Netherlands, Norway, Poland,
Russia, Slovakia, South Africa, Sweden, Ukraine, U.K.

Pepper: Bulgaria, Chile, Spain, Netherlands (glasshouse), Korea

Pome Fruit (incl. Pear): Australia, Bulgaria, Croatia, Czech Republic, Denmark, France, Greece, Hungary Italy,
Japan, Lithuania, Portugal, Slovakia, Slovenia, South Africa

Potatoes: Belarus, Belgium, Bolivia, Brazil, Bulgaria, Chile, Croatia, Czech Republic, Denmark, Dom.
Rep., Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Ireland, Italy, Jordan, Kuwait,
Latvia, Lithuania, Mozambique, Norway, Paraguay, Peru, Poland, Portugal, Romania,
Russia, Slovakia, South Africa, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Ukraine,
Uzbekistan,Yugoslavia

Rapeseed: Austria, Belarus, Bulgaria, Chile, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France,
Germany, Hungary, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Norway, Slovakia, Slovenia, Sweden,
Ukraine, U.K.

Rice: Australia, Dom. Rep., Ecuador, France, Guyana, Italy, Kenya, Malaysia, Pakistan, Peru,
Philippines, Venezuela, Vietnam

16 <
 >> >
Soybean: Argentina, Australia, Bolivia, Brazil, Ecuador, Indonesia, Italy, Mexico, Paraguay, Zambia

Stone Fruit (incl. Peach): Algeria, Australia, Bulgaria, Croatia, Czech Republic, France, Greece, Hungary, Italy,
Lithuania, New Zealand, Portugal, Romania, Slovenia, South Africa

Strawberries: Denmark, Finland, France, Lithuania, Norway, Poland, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland

Sugarbeet: Austria, Belarus, Bulgaria, Chile, Croatia, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Hungary,
Ireland, Italy, Jordan, Latvia, Lithuania, Morocco, Poland, Romania, Russia, Slovenia,
Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Syria, Ukraine, Yugoslavia

Sunflower: Argentina, Australia, Hungary

Tea: Bangladesh, India, Indonesia, Taiwan

Tobacco: Australia, Bulgaria, Dom. Rep. Ecuador, France, Indonesia, Italy, Malaysia, Pakistan,
Philippines, Poland, Zimbabwe

Tomatoes: Australia, Bolivia, Brazil, Chile, Croatia, Dom. Rep., France, Greece, Italy, Latvia, Morocco,
Mozambique, New Zealand, Paraguay, Peru, Philippines, Poland, Portugal, Romania,
Slovenia, South Africa, Spain, Turkey, Yugoslavia

Vegetables (General): Australia, Austria, Bangaldesh, Bulgaria, Czech Republic, Denmark, Dom. Rep., Ecuador,
Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Guyana, Hungary, Italy, Ivory Coast, Jordan, Kuwait,
Lebanon, Macedonia, Pakistan, Philippines, Portugal, Saudi Arabia, Spain, Sweden,
Switzerland, Syria, Uganda, U. A. Emirates, Vietnam, Yemen, Zambia

Vines: Algeria, Australia, Austria, Azerbaijan, Bulgaria, Croatia, Czech Republic, France, Georgia,
Greece, Huangary, Jordan, Kuwait, New Zealand, Romaina, Russia, Slovakia, Slovenia,
South Africa, Spain, Turkmenistan, Ukraine, Yemen, Yugoslavia

Wheat: Australia, Belarus, Belgium, Bolivia, Bulgaria, Chile, Germany, Italy, Kazakhstan, Poland,
Russia, Spain, Sweden, Turkey, Turkmenistan, U.K., Ukraine, Uzbekistan, Yugoslavia

>>
> 17
Secure healthy and plentiful harvests.

18 <
 >>
Resistance/Resistance Management.
Formulations.
Toxicology.
Effects on Beneficials.

> 19
>> >

Resistance/Resistance Management.

The following evaluation of risk of resistance in different crops and managing the risk is focusing on FASTAC ® EC and SC for-
mulations as being representative for alphacypermethrin. These formulations have been introduced to all major markets as the
first alphacypermethrin formulations. Experiences with resistance management are widespread for these formulations.

Based on factors including genetics, pest life cycle, number of pest generation/year, frequency of insecticide application, etc.,
there is a risk for resistance development to synthetic pyrethroids in the FASTAC ® targeted crops.

CEREALS: Based on two decades of pyrethroid use on cereals in Europe with virtually no recorded resistance, it can be conclu-
ded that the inherent risk for pyrethroid resistance is low. Modifiers are therefore not required to reduce the risk of
resistance development to an acceptable level.

POTATOES: There is no documented Colorado potato beetle and peach-potato aphid resistance to alphacypermethrin.
Regardless,the inherent risk and abundant documented resistance of these two species to other pyrethroids remains
high. Refer to recommended risk modifiers.

COLE CROPS AND KALE: In cole crops and kale the inherent risk of pyrethroid resistance for field pest populations is considered as being mode-
rate to high. Refer to recommended risk modifiers.

OILSEED RAPE: Based on the extensive use of FASTAC ® and other pyrethroids on oilseed rape and the almost lack of reported insecti-
cide resistance, the inherent risk of pyrethroid resistance development to oilseed rape pests is considered by BASF
to moderate.

USE PATTERN
Unrestricted use pattern for controlling major insect pests of target crops in the absence of resistance is as the following
(maximum number of pyrethroid applications per season is indicated):

>> Cereals 2
>> Potato 6
>> Cole crops/kale 5
>> Oilseed rape 2

20 <
RECOMMENDED RISK MODIFIERS.
The major recommended risk modifiers to minimize the likelihood of the development of pest resistance to
alphacypermethrin are:

CEREALS: >> maximum two applications/year

>> if multiple applications are required, alternate with compounds having different modes of action and no
cross-resistance
>> do not alternate with products of the same mode of action or those showing cross-resistance

POTATO: >> maximum two applications/year

>> alternate with compounds with different modes of action and no cross-resistance
>> do not alternate with products of the same mode of action or those showing cross-resistance

COLE CROPS/KALE: >> maximum two applications/year

>> alternate with compounds having different modes of action and no cross-resistance
>> do not frequently use products of the same mode of action or those showing cross-resistance

OILSEED RAPE: >> maximum two applications/year

>> alternate with compounds having different modes of action and no cross-resistance
>> do not frequently use products of the same mode of action or those showing cross-resistance

MANAGEMENT STRATEGY.
The following strategies and tactics, which are in agreement with recommendations made by IRAC, are suggested when
using BASF alphacypermethrin formulations: scout and monitor, focus on economic thresholds, take an integrated approach,
identify the best timing, apply as needed, mix and apply correctly, alternate BASF alphacypermethrin formulations with
insecticides having different mode of action.

MONITORING, REPORTING, AND REACTION TO CHANGES IN PERFORMANCE.

Experience has shown that the vast majority of resistance reports subsequently turn out to have resulted from other cause.
These generally fall into the following categories: application error or assessment error, equipment failure, and environmental
conditions.

If, following suitable investigation, resistance is positively identified, or no other viable explanation is identified, the reported
field failure should be reported to the registration authority in accordance with EPPO guideline PP 1/213(1).

> 21
 >>

Formulations.

One key to BASF’s success with alphacypermethrin are our advanced formulations developed to serve all our customers’
needs.

MAIN FORMULATIONS OF BASF ALPHACYPERMETHRIN FOR CROPS ARE:

FASTAC ® 100 EC
FASTAC ® 100 SC
MAGEOS ®/CONTEST ®

>>
FASTAC ® 100 EC HAS THE FOLLOWING PROPERTIES/BENEFITS:

Formulation: 10% alphacypermethrin – emulsifiable concentrate

LD50 oral: 853; dermal >1830 mg/kg

Benefits: >> Easy to mix with other products/actives

>> Standard liquid formulation – well known
>> Low cost
>> Very good Knock-Down
>> Repellent Effect

FASTAC ® 100 SC HAS THE FOLLOWING PROPERTIES/BENEFITS:

Formulation: 10% alphacypermethrin – suspension concentrate

LD50 oral: >4900; dermal >2000 mg/kg

Benefits: >> Very good Knock-Down effect

>> Low volume liquid formulation
>> High residuality especially in mixture with oil
>> Water-based, solvent-free
>> Excellent crop safety – no phytotox
>> Very good repellent effect

22 <
 >

>>
MAGEOS ®/CONTEST ® MD HAS THE FOLLOWING PROPERTIES/BENEFITS:

Formulation: 15% alphacypermethrin – effervescent tablets

LD50 oral: 629; dermal >2000 mg/kg

Benefits: >> Easy to measure

>> Completedly dispersed in 3 minutes
>> Homogenous distribution of the active ingredient
>> No solvent or dust
>> Safe on spray equipment
>> No vapors
>> Does not contaminate environment
>> Minimizes storage space and handling of container

Other important formulations are FASTAC ® 50 EC, FASTAC ® 100 OESC (oil enhanced SC), FASTAC ® 15 EC (in Germany and
Switzerland also as FASTAC ® FORST) FENDONA ® 60 SC and TENOPA ® 30 SC (alphacypermethrin + flufenoxuron).

> 23
Toxicology.

As with other pyrethroids, acute oral toxicity varies markedly with animal species, solvent vehicle, and concentration.

Technical alphacypermethrin is slightly irritating to skin and mildly irritating to eyes. Formulations of alphacypermethrin are
mild to moderate irritants to skin and severe irritants to eyes, the degree of response depending on the solvent system
employed in the formulations. Alphacypermethrin is not a skin sensitizer.

ACUTE ORAL TOXICITY OF TECHNICAL ALPHACYPERMETHRIN

Alphacypermethrin Vehicle Animal LD50 value of technical

Concentration material, mg/kg
20% Corn oil Rat 368
40% Dimethylsulphoxide Rat ~4000
50% Aqueous suspension Rat >5000
40% Dimethylsulphoxide Mouse 762
50% Aqueous suspension Mouse 798

ACUTE DERMAL TOXICITY LD50 (rat): >2000 mg/kg

INHALATION TOXICITY LC50 (rat): >1,59 mg/litre

ACUTE TOXICITY OF A REPRESENTATIVE ALPHACYPERMETHRIN FORMULATION

Rat LD50 on basis of formulation, mg/kg

Formulation Oral Percutaneous
100 g/l emulsifiable concentrate 853 >1830

24 <
 >> >

Effects on Beneficials.

A series of extensive studies have demonstrated that, despite its high level of activity against pests, BASF alphacypermethrin
has little effect on most non-target species. Being applied within the ranges of relevant application rates no effects on micro-
organisms in the soil have been reported.

Despite its toxicity to honey bees in laboratory tests, alphacypermethrin has no adverse effects either in the short or long term
when used under field conditions. It can therefore be classified as non-hazardous to honey bees and can be used on crops
and cereals even during flowering when bees are foraging. The difference in results between laboratory and field trials is
explained by the very low dose rates which are used under farm conditions and by the fact that freshly sprayed alphacyper-
methrin repels bees so they quickly move away from the area being sprayed.

Alphacypermethrin is toxic to fish in laboratory tests. For example toxicity to rainbow trout under laboratory conditions has
been reported as follows:

>> LC50 at 96 hrs (μg/L alphacypermethrin) = 2.8

Under field conditions, however, risk for fish is evaluated as much lower. This is partly because of very low dose rates, but
also because of the physical-chemical properties of the compound: Absorption by organic matter is rapid, water solubility is
low and the active ingredient is basically hydrophobic. Combined, these factors prevent all but extremely low concentrations
of alphacypermethrin from passing into the subsurface water. However, buffer zones – official part of registrations – must be
complied with when applying BASF alphacypermethrin formulations. Alphacaypermethrin is highly toxic to crustaceans
(Daphnia), and has a comparatively low toxicity to molluscs.

Studies have also shown that at the rates used for pest control alphacypermethrin has less effect on beneficial insects such as
chalcid wasps than many other widely used insecticides.
Alphacypermethrin, like other synthetic pyrethroids, is practically nontoxic to birds. There should therefore be no risk to them
from its use in agriculture.

> 25
Future is what we make of this very moment.

26 <
 >>
Environmental Fate and Residues.
Safety and First Aid Instructions.
Summary.

> 27
Environmental Fate and Residues.

IN PLANTS
Alphacypermethrin on plants is subject to oxidation and hydrolytic separation of the ester bond. It is not transmitted to the inte-
rior of the plant nor taken up by plants from treated ground. On the basis of the results of numerous residue tests in the most
varied crops any risk or contamination due to residues in foodstuffs for consumers can be excluded providing label directions
are followed.

IN WARM-BLOODED ANIMALS
The relevant studies show that alphacypermethrin is broken down by the animal organism and that there is no accumulation.
Metabolism studies on rats have shown that alphacypermethrin and its metabolites are excreted from the body after one day
in the urine (46%) and feces (35%).

IN THE SOIL, WATER AND AIR

Numerous investigations on degradation and persistence in the soil have shown that alphacypermethrin is very strongly absor-
bed by the widest range of soil types. This does not restrict degradation and the established means of degradation are largely
unaffected by the type of soil. Numerous investigations have also shown that there is no retention of alphacypermethrin at
lower soil depths and thus no associated risk of ground water contamination.
Alphacypermethrin is unstable in water. The rate of degradation increases with the change in pH value from acidic to alkaline.
Added to this is its instability in water under the effect of UV light which further accelerates degradation. An additional factor
in the reduction of alphacypermethrin concentration is its rapid attachment to organic substances. The degradation products
ascertained in the relevant studies are similar to those of degradation in soil. In natural water environments the action of
micro-organisms was also demonstrated to have an additional effect on degradation.
Because of the low vapor pressure of alphacypermethrin it can also be assumed that the tendency to volatilize from soil and
plant surfaces is very low. This assumption has been confirmed by several studies. The time period established for the degra-
dation of 50% of the agent potentially entering the atmosphere is in the region of a few hours so that in addition to the low
level of volatility there is no proven risk of accumulation of alphacypermethrin in the atmosphere.

>> >
28 <
Safety and First Aid Instructions.

HANDLING PRECAUTIONS.

>> In all cases read the product label before handling.

>> When opening containers, preparing dilutions, filling spray tanks, etc. wear protective neoprene or PVC gloves, cotton
overalls, and rubber boots.
>> During aerial application ensure that flagmen (markers) do not stand in the spray path of aircraft.
>> During ground spray applications wear a hat or cap, cotton overalls or long-sleeved cotton shirt and trousers, and boots or
shoes. Avoid exposure to the spray mist. Do not spray into the wind.
>> Avoid accidental over-spraying of water.
>> Remove contaminated clothing immediately and launder before reuse.
>> Store tightly closed in original container, out of reach of children, and away from food or feeding stuffs.
>> Do not contaminate ponds, waterways, or ditches with product or used containers.
>> Empty containers completely and burn in a suitable incinerator or bury away from natural water. Comply with local
legislation. Do not re-use empty containers.
>> Store under cool and dry conditions in secure buildings, away from foodstuffs, and out of the reach of children

MEDICAL ADVICE.

First Aid:
>> If on skin, remove contaminated clothing immediately and wash contaminated skin thoroughly with soap and water.
>> If in eyes, flush immediately with plenty of clean water and obtain medical attention.
>> If swallowed, refer to a doctor or to the nearest hospital taking the product label with the patient.
>> In cases of severe skin exposure in handling or application, typical sensations of the exposed skin (especially of the face)
may appear which can be described as tingling, burning, or numbness. These sensations will wear off in the course of a
few hours. If other symptoms occur which may be connected with severe overexposure, refer to a doctor or nearest
hospital.

Guide to physician:
>> If indicated, empty stomach. Treat symptomatically.

> 29
Summary.

Alphacypermethrin’s outstanding properties make a versatile and reliable tool of all FASTAC ®, FENDONA ® and MAGEOS ®/
CONTEST ® formulations. The following table gives an overview of the active ingredient’s properties. Reference can be made
to the corresponding sections of this brochure to go into detail of the multiple properties.

Water solubility: Practically insoluble

0,005 - 0,01 mg/L at 25˚C

Solubility in organic solvents: Soluble in acetone/xylene/cyclohexanone

Lipophylic, great affinity to wax on leaf surface

Stability in water: Stable under low to neutral pH, hydrolized under high ph conditions (halflife = 3 days at pH 9)

Thermal stability: High (220° C)

Toxicology: A.I.
LD 50 ORAL (mg/kg) 64
LD 50 DERMAL (mg/kg) >2000
CL 50 Inhalation (4 hours) 1.59mg/L
Skin irritation Moderate
Eye irritation Moderate
Skin sensitizer no

Spectrum: Broadspectrum pest control

Efficacy: At low dose rates provides control of adult and immature stages under preventative and curative conditions.

Fast and multi-action properties: Excellent knock-down

Anti feeding effect
Repellent effect

Long residual control: In practice stable to light, pH, temperature. Not volatile – liposoluble – rainfast

Excellent crop safety: Not phytotoxic on vegetable crops, row crops – fruit trees – forestry

Safe for end user, consumer Low toxicity – Low use rate
and environment:

30 <
Not only in comparison to other pyrethroids but also in comparison to other chemical groups BASF alphacypermethrin is a
valuable tool for addressing perfectly farmer’s insect control needs. Especially in the field of long established chemical classes,
these features result in competitive advantages.

THE FOLLOWING TABLE HIGHLIGHTS THIS POINT:

OP / Carbamates Alphacypermethrin Insect Growth Regulator

Spectrum Broad Broad Narrow

Mode of Action Nervous system Nervous system Chitin inhibitor

Growth Stage Affected Adults/immature Adults/immature Immature

Speed of Control Fast Fast Slower

Systemic/Translaminar Action Yes No No

Anti-feeding Effect No Yes Yes

Repellent Effect No Yes No

Residual Effect Medium Medium-long Long

Residues High Low Low

Dose Rates High Low Low

Toxicity High Medium Low

Selectivity Low Medium High

Resistance High Increasing Low

Regulatory Pressure High Medium Medium

>> >
> 31
 Agricultural Products

This technical bulletin is intended for internal use only, and as a guide in providing
general information about BASF alphacypermethrin insecticide. As this bulletin is being
distributed in many different countries, it must be emphasized that products containing
BASF alphacypermethrin must be used in accordance with local regulations and regi-
strations. The use or extend of use of products containing BASF alphacypermethrin is
governed by the laws of each country in which these products are registered. As such,
read, understand, and follow all label directions, warnings, and precautions prior to the
use of any product containing BASF alphacypermethrin.
For additional information please contact your local BASF Agricultural Products
office or visit us on the web at http: www.basf.com.

BASF Agricultural Products

26 Davis Drive
RTP, NC 27709
USA
(919) 547-2000

Produced by the Insecticide Team within Global Strategic Marketing (APM/I)

Contact: Matthias Klemm +49 621 / 6 02 71 64
® Registered trademarks of BASF. © 2003 All rights reserved.
GL 60600