Volleyball is a team sport played by two teams on a playing court divided by a net.

The sport originated in the United States, and is now just achieving the type of popularity in the U.S. that
it has received on a global basis, where it ranks behind only soccer among participation sports.

Today there are more than 24 million Americans who play volleyball.
There are 800 million players worldwide who play Volleyball at least once a week.

The object of the game is for each team to send the ball regularly over the net to ground it on the
opponent's court, and to prevent the ball from being grounded on its own court. The ball is put into play
by the right back-row player who serves the ball by hitting it over the net to the opponent's court. A
team is allowed to hit the ball three times (in addition to the block contact) to return it to the
opponent's court. A player is not allowed to hit the ball twice consecutively, except when attempting a
block. The rally continues until the ball touches the ground/floor, goes "out" or a team fails to return it
to the opponent's court or commits a fault.

VOLLEYBALL SCORING SYSTEMS

RALLY POINT SCORING

The team winning a rally scores a point (Rally Point System). When the receiving team wins a rally, it
gains a point and the right to serve, and its players rotate one position clockwise.

The best of three or best of five games will win matches. Each non-deciding game will be won by the
team that first scores 25 points with a minimum two-point advantage (no scoring cap). If there is a
deciding game, it will be won by the team that first scores 15 points with a minimum two-point
advantage (no scoring cap).

o SIDEOUT SCORING

Only the serving team may score a point, except in the deciding game when rally-point
scoring is used. When the receiving team wins a rally, it gains the right to serve (also
scoring a point in the deciding game), and its players rotate one position clockwise.
Rotatation ensures that players play at both the net and the back zone of the court.

A team wins a game by scoring 15 points with a two-point advantage and wins the
match by winning the best of three or five games. In the event of a 16-16 tie, the team
scoring the 17th point wins a non-deciding game with only a one-point advantage. In a
deciding game there is no point cap.

The Fields

The size of the field may vary. In international competition the field may be from 100 to 130 yards (90
to 120 metres) long and from 50 to 100 yards (46 to 90 metres) wide.

How the game is played

 Before the game starts, the team captains flip a coin to decide which team will kick off. They also
choose the goals their teams will defend. The teams change goals at the beginning of the second half.
Teams kick off from the center spot, a point in the middle of the halfway line. Players line up on their
own half of the field with three players on the kicking team usually standing close to the ball.
Opponents must be at least 10 yards (9 metres) away from the ball. One of the attackers kicks the ball
forward to a teammate to start. After each goal, play resumes with a kickoff. The team that is scored
against kicks off.

Ball Control

Ball control is one of the most important elements of soccer. Players may trap the ball with any part
of their body accept their hands. After gaining control of the ball, the player may pass it to another
player or dribble it downfield. The ball is dribbled by using the instep, the inside, or the outside of the
foot. For a long pass the inset is usually used to kick the ball. The player's head is also used in ball
control. Players hit the ball with their forehead to pass, intercept, and shoot the ball at the goal. While
a player has control of the ball, the player's teammates try to find an open area to receive a pass. the
opposing team tries to intercept the ball. In soccer a defensive player is allowed to tackle the ball.
This is done by kicking the ball away from the ball handler.

Introduction

Skiing is one of the most popular winter sports in the world. The excitement of skiing down the slopes of
a mountain or through a quiet, snow-filled forest attract millions of people to the sport.

Techniques and equipment

There are two types of skiing: Mountain and Alpine , skiing and cross country, or Nordic skiing. Each
types requires its own special equipment and special style of skiing.

Alpine

Alpine skiing includes pleasure skiing down mountain slopes as well as competitive events. Safety and
control are very important. Alpine skiing is exhilarating and fun.

Nordic

Nordic skiing includes ski jumping and cross-country skiing. Ski jumping is an event for highly trained
competitors. It is not meant to be leisure sport. Cross-country is meant for the casual skier as well as
competitive skier. It is skiing cross-country uphill and down, over flatland, and often along forest trails.
When not skiing down hill, the skier moves by striding and by thrusting the ski poses. Because of these
activities, cross-country skiing is strenuous and good exercise.

Tennis

5 BASIC TACTICS THAT FORM THE FOUNDATION OF EVERY PLAYERS' GAME WHETHER THEY'RE
BEGINNERS OR WORLD CLASS PLAYERS.
1. Master the basic positions in the court
a: Server's Position
b: Receiver's Position
c: Serve and Volley
2. Put, and keep, the ball in play
a: Develop strokes consistently
b: Let your opponent make all the mistakes but attack every short ball for winners - be positive
3. Make your opponent move
a: Aim at gaps
b: Create gaps
c: Test his stamina
4. Play on your opponent's weaknesses
a: Analyze his weaknesses
Is he stronger at the back of the court than at the net?
Does he volley well?
How strong is his overhead?
Is he fast or slow about the court?
Does he recover quickly after each shot?
Does he have a weaker side?
Is he impatient?
Does he prefer low balls or high balls?
b: Exploit his weaknesses
c: Read his game
5. Wrong-foot your opponent

REMEMBER THAT GOOD TACTICAL STROKES ONLY BECOME OF REAL VALUE WHEN THERE IS A
PURPOSE BEHIND EACH ONE OF THEM.

A GROOVED STROKE + PURPOSE = AN EFFECTIVE SHOT.

Things u must remember : PHYSICAL ( ON COURT )

1. ATTACK THE NET AT EVERY OPPORTUNITY

2. PLAY THE PERCENTAGES
3. UNDER PRESSURE PLAY THE RIGHT SHOT
4. WHEN FORCED GET THE BALL UP
5. BREAKDOWN YOUR OPPONENT'S RHYTHM
6. OVERPLAY TO YOUR OPPONENT'S STRONG SHOT
7. HIT CROSS COURT GROUND STROKES
8. HIT WITH PURPOSE
9. PLAY WITH A GAME PLAN
10. BE VERY RELAXED

Things u must remember : MENTAL ( OFF COURT )

1. Before competition, don't deviate from your usual practices.
2. Spend a few minutes each day thinking about how you want to perform. Don't wait until the night
before competition.
3. Do whatever works for you in order to achieve a physical emotional high. Avoid depressing or
upsetting thoughts.
4. Limit personal conflicts. Don't quarrel the day of the game.
5. Look forward to competition. Plan to enjoy it.