afl Designation: A 494/A494M - 00 Standard Specification for ‘a Arete Nana Sass Castings, Nickel and Nickel Alloy’ “Tis suncir is ened unter he te dsigstion A SA/ASSENE oe mabe meaty flowing the cession ices the yer ‘cf oagal copon oc In eae of revision, the Jor of as revision. & punter in preniinses indies te year cf les espera ‘9 sapescap pln fe ndeaes a eral ete soc be as revision or eaperova. 1. Scape 1.1 This specification covers nickel, nickel-copper, nickel- copper-silicon, nickel-molybdennm, vickel-chromium, and nickel-molybdenum-chromium alloy castings for comosion- resistant service. 1.2 ‘The values stated in either inch-pound units or SI units wre to be regarded separately as standard. Within the text, the units are shown in brackets. The values stated in cach system are not exact equivalents; therefore, each system must bbe used independently ofthe othes. Combining values from the ‘two systems may result in nonconformance with the specifi- cation. Inch-pound units are applicable for matorial ordered to Specification A494 and Si units for material ordered 10 Specification A 494M. 2. Referenced Documents 2.1 ASTM Standards: ‘A370 ‘Test Methods and Definitions for Mechenical Testing of Steel Products? A4BVASESM Practice for Steel Castings, Welding. Quali fications of Procedures and Personne? ‘ATTSY/A732M Specification for Castings, lavestment, Car- ‘bon and Low-Alloy Steel for General Application, and Cobslt Alley for High Sueagth at Elevated Temperarures* ATSL/ATSIM Specification for Castings, Steel and Alloy, ‘Common Requirements, for General Industral Usc* 8 ‘Test Methods for Tension Testing of Metalic Materials* 29 Practice for Using Significant Digits in Test Data to Determine Conformance with Specificaions® 30 Test Methods for Chemical Analysis of Steel, Cast Iron, Open-Hearth Iron, and Weought Iron® E38 Methods for Chemical Analysis of Nickel-Chromium and Nicke!-Chromium-Iron Alloys” E76 Test Methods for Chemical Analysis of Nickel-Copper Alloys* \ The speciation i encer he fartton of ASTI Commitee Av} on Ste, Sisines Stl and Reltad los and isthe det esponsibity of Sbcomnsitee ‘AOI on Casings (Cee edien enyeoved Mar 10, 2000, Piblshed May 2000. Orginiy piblched se B 12-387. Reaienaind a8 A494 in 1963, Las peevow: elton ‘RaQUA aan -9, 3 annua Book of ASTM Sanda, Vb 1.8. 2 Arnal Bool of ASTM Standards, Vol OLO2, ‘Avs Book of ASTM Sandan, VO 03.1 3 dra Bool ef ASTM Sanda, Vol 14.02. Arma! Book of ASTM Sanda, VO 03.5. Dincrtinin. sce 1989 Anaucl Book of ASTH Sarde, Vol 03.05. ‘Ceyiah © AST 100 Sar er Ore, et Caraatokon, FA TBESE, Utes Se (COPYRIGHT 2000 American Society for Testing and Materials Informaton Hansiing Servoes, 2000 E3S¢ Test Methods for Chemical Analysis of High- ‘Temperature, Electrical, Magnctic, and Other Similar Iron, Nickel, and Cobalt alloys? 22 Military Standards:* NAVSEA TOO74-AS-GIB-010/271 Requirements foe Non- destructive Testing Methods NAVSEA S9074-AR-GIB-010/2718 Requirements for Fab- rication Welding and Inspection, and Casting Inspection and Repair for Machinery, Piping, and Pressure Vecsels 3. Terminology 31 Definitions: 3.1.1 matter heat—a single farnace charge of refined alloy ‘which may either be poured directly into castings or into remelt alloy for individual melts. 3.1.2 melts—a single fumace charge poured into castings. When master heats are used to prepare melts, a melt analysis shall be reported. 4. General Conditions for Delivery 4.1. Material furnished to this epecificaton shall conform to the requizements of Specification A 78I/A 781M, including any supplementary requirements that are indicated in the purchase order. Filure to comply with the general require rents of Specification A'781/A 781M constitnes noncenfor- mance with this specification. In case of coniliet berween the requirements of this specification ané Specification A 781/ ATSIM, this specifieation shall prevail 5. Ordering Information 5.1 Orders for castings to this specification should include the following information: S.1.1 Quantity, in pieces, and 5.1.2 Grade designation (Table 1) and class (Tabic 2). 5.2 The purchaser shall specify any of the following infor- mation required to deseribe adequately the desired matecial: $.2.1 Heat reat condition (see 6.1 and 62), 52.2 Repair welding (ee 11) 5.2.3 Source inspection requirements, if any (see Specifica- tion A 7R1/A 781M), 5.2.4 Macking-for-identification requirements, if aay (Gee 13), and 5.2.5 Supplementary requirements desired, including the * Avaiuble foe DODSSR Bs ipa PA 19111-5098 ing Serve D, 700 Rodis Avenue Pileaha 494/A404M TABLE 1 Chemical Requirements Nore Values sre mexirm utes oerise tad, — = ce uses [anes [woes | was [soot [ rae] wo | ecw pel nas [om [avn ren] SH SB ae eS == ek Ear smelt (is fom fear [Stas [itteo fim fie fie [ie Sm fm ts sm fone Se ja GS fee Ges lem fis foes [eee fis face fem oS (ons (ss (eee |eemem eo oe ee een eae = o-we|woeelisorslarwo |ioes fizsus|zecs” : SSR SSS eon f= I. Ee eee es jos0-123 v 5 . fezeee).: 1 |aoeee|” ee lesemme|--- seit es (Caiien, GET, NEE, Cv Ciena 1) MBO, MED, N-255 Cass 3 CVESHEM M258, Cass Mess Coss 3 neta, nt CHETAN, CNet, OMFG, CHEM ov, case 2 cxaunw exces ccusticuc (uzsea0) AMS, ve waanatle “ensse cpctiog le Tabla 3 and alehoe machined or rears. Load ine fumes at 620° [216°C] maximum. Heat 0 1800" [S70 and Had forth pus an acatonal 20 min foreach Bn [18 mn] = amas asczon over 538 Coolie 10°F 705°C)" and hele al temperate for 30 man ben quan lio wom emperare Load ine furace at 600°F [215°C] maxinum. Heat sony to 100% [60S°C ane Toi to develop maximum hacress. Famace ore od feo temeeratue, ‘est Z000'F [1086°C| minum, ald freuen’ tine to hes! eases bo ‘emperatre, quech in walt of 201d ool by othr near. eat Z150°F [1175] minum, Nod or Suen Set Mest casings to ieperatre, qcncr wate or rapid ons by oer means. ‘Resto 190° [T0e2°C] ranemum, haa for suticer be fo Rest cacings ‘Seperate, quench in weer or apts cont by otter Tears. Heat 2200"F [12050] minimum, hd for aulicert ne fa hee casings © ‘onpetatre, qeenc in wor or apa al cel by oer ears est 9 100% [150°C minimum, ba or aunt tino lo ast caatnge fo lenperstre, qustch in wator Sabian a 1725-16164 [040 090°C) ha for ‘ftiont tre heat casings fo tempor, quench M wate a ais aay = “a5 cas? conn lo capable of being coulan eesind br ripe machi muy be HSERINTDY ape ReNTES ov anes cantons ever 6 [325 min] tm) ne nesossuy © fnoreate hahas ts Huimin chose eased For mraxemum sofas and te east variation harness ves, casing sou be taralared form an oan At T6I0%E [870%] bac oven 3 1S06*F[OH-C) standards of acceptance, 6, Heat Treatment 6.1 Castings shall be heat treated in accordance with the requirements in Table 2. Nove 1 Proper heat teatmest ofthese alloys is usually necessary to fnhance coresion resistance ard, in some cases, to mest mechanical sroperies. Minimum beat test temperatures ae specified: however. iis ‘pmetines necessary lo hes est at Bigher temperatures, hold for some rinimam time at temperature, aad then rapidly coc] the cartings in order tp enhance the consi resistance and meet mechanical propenics 62 When Class 1 is specified, grades C¥40 and M-25S, shall be supplied in the as-cast condition. When Class 2 is spocidied, grades CY40 and M-25S shall be supplied in the solution-treated condition. When Class 3 is specified, grade 1M.25S shall be supplied in the age-hardened condition 7. Chemical Composition 7.1 These alloys shall conform to the chemical composition COPYRIGHT 2000 American Sosiey for Testing and Materials Information Hanatng Services, 2000, requirements prescribed in Table 1. 72 An analysis of each master heat shall be made by de manufacturer to determine the percentages of the elements specified in Table 1. ‘The analysis shall be made from a representative sample taken during the pouring of the master heat. Chemical composition shall be reported 10 the purchaser or his representative. 73 Test Methods E76 or Test Methods E354 shall be used fer referee purposes, Test Methods E 30 or Methods E 38 shall be used if Test Methods E76 or Tes Methods E354 do not include 2 method for somé element present in the material. 8 Tensile Properties 8.1 One tension test shall be made from each master heat ‘except for grades M-25S and CYSSmBIM when the master heat is used to pour the castings, One tension test shall be made from each melt except for grades M-25S and CYSSaBiM. Test results shall conform to the tensile requirements specified in ‘Table 3. Test bars shall be poured in special blocks from theih A ao4asacoam TABLES Mechanical Properties oe GE [NSE MOH TaSproIC EN prow Joveo Tow. [OWaNGw-aMoN. [evEScEMicxanw [ESMCNe 00 enw feuc zaacoy ‘Tersie srengh. [sa noes a00|eeo0o|r00 col... [ar ooo [racso recon |-o 000 r= eoolre anole cm rocco] — Jeaow rs moo min. sive) | taes)| tes) | esa | (600) aso) | sana | coz | tansy | tae | 205) | oon | coe) tesa | (o20) Yield stent +8.c00}25 o00|s cco Jan.o00} [sz s00 |4n.on0. 49 c00|8 20020 200|49 onols0 000 |4z.0c0| lesan [as evo rn. pei Tat | 13251 | tr70) | tos | ets) teas) | ters) | term | 005) | tom | 75) | 27m | (27) req | ey Smesininzis, 100 [aso [aso hao feso Jeo fans soo feo faso’ foo faso' | _ eon” Jooo Mares |. |. | * atl Weel _ “Vinen C8 Gs bars are nae fy tana lng ae proved fori Sposteaton A RUA TSIM he ge lng lo duced sodion Gass aus Susie S101 900;55 mam lor ne aos Pardaredoonsion same heat as the castings represented. 8.2 The bar from which the test specimen is taken shall be ‘heat treated in production fumaces to the same procedure as the castings it represents. If the castings are not heat treated. the bar used for the test specimen must not be heat treated. 8.3 Test specimens may be cut from castings, at the produc- 2's option, instead of from test bars. 8.4 When castings are produced by methods other than investment process, tension test coupans shall be machined 19 the form and dimension shown in Fig, $ of, and tested in accordance with, Test Methods E 8. 8.4.1 When castings are produced by the investment pro- cess, lest specimens in ascoriance with Specification A 722) A.732M shall be used for measurement of tensile propertics 8.5 If any specimen shows defective machining or develops laws, it may be discarded and nother substimted from the same beats. 8.6 To determine conformance with the tension test require- ments, an observed value or calculated value shall be rounded in accordance with Practice E29 to the nearest 500 psi (3.5 MPa} for yield and tensile strength and to the neerest 1 % for elongation and reduction of area. 9. Workmanship, Finish, and Appearance 9.1 Critical surfaces of all castings intoadod for corrosion distant service shall be cleaned. Cleaning may be accom plished by blasting with clean sand or metallic corrosion- resistant shot or by other approved methods. 10. Quality 10.1 The castings shall not be peened, plugged or impzes- nated to stop leaks. 10.2 Internal chills and chaplets may be used in the manu- facture of castings. However, the chills, chaplets and affected cast material must be completely removed. 11, Repair by Welding 11.1 Repairs shall be made by using a welding procedure and operstors czpzble of producing sound welds. The compo- sition of deposited weld metal shall be similar to that of the castings. 11.2 Weld repairs shall be considered major in the case of a casting that has leaked on hydrostatic test or when the depth of the cavity after preparation for repair excecds 20% of the (COPYRIGHT 2000 amoscan Society for Testing and Materiis Information Mancing Services, 2000, etual wall thickness, or | in. [25 mm], whichever is smaller, ‘or when the extent of the cavity exceeds approximately 10 (05 em*], All other weld repairs shall be considered minor. ‘Major and minot weld repairs shall be subject 19 the same quality standards a: are used to inspect the castings. 11.3 Castings of M-30H1, M-25S, and CYSSnBIM may not, be weld repaired. 11.4 Grades N-12MV, N-TM, CW-12MW. CW-6M, CW. 2M, and CKIMW may require post weld heal trestment after ‘major weld repairs. If post weld heat weatmeat is required, it ‘must be specified along with the grade. If required, it shall be ‘performed in accordance with Section 6. ILS For grade CUSMCUC, the composition of the depos- ited weld metal shall be similar 0 tha of AWS A5.1¢ ER NiCrMo-3 (UNS N06625) or AWS A5.11 EB NiCrMo-3 (UNS Ws5112) 12. Rejection and Rehearing 32.1 Samples that represent rejected material shall be pre served for two weeks from the date of transmission of the rejection report In case of dissatisfaction with the results of the ‘est, che manufacturer may make claim for a rebearing within that time. 13, Product Marking 1.1 Castings shall be marked for the material identification withthe ASTM specification designation (A 454/A 49401) and grade symbol, that :, CY-40. The manafacturer's name or ientication mark and the pattcrn number shell be cast or stamped on all castings except those of such small size as to make such marking impractical. To minimize small defects caused by dislodged particles of molding sand, the number of 2st idcatification marks shell be misimized. The masking of heat mumbers on individual castings shall be agreed upoa by the manafacturer and the purchaser. Markings shall be in such position as not to injure the usefulness of the casting. 1.1.1. When the castings are too small to mark individally, a symbol traceable to the heat shall be placed on the castings and the required identification then placed on a tag affixed to the container in which these castings are shipped. 14. Keywords 14.1 commesion resistant applications; nickel; nickel alloy castings; nickel alloys; nickel castingsGb A 494/a4oam SUPPLEMENTARY REQUIREMENTS ‘The following supplementary requirements shall not apply unless specified in the purchase orden A list of standard supplementary requirements for use at the option of the purchaser i included in ‘Specification A 751/A 781M, Those which are ordinarily considered for use with this specifcatioa are given below; others enumerated in Specification A 781A 781M may be used with this specification ‘upon agreement between the manufacturer end the purchaser. S2. Radiographic Examination 3. Liquid Penetrant Examination 56. Certification 510, Hardness Tests $10.1 When composition M-25S material is ordered with hhardaess maximum of range In the as-cast or solution treated condition, hardness tess shallbe made in accordance with Test sthods and Definitions A 370. The test location, number of tests, and hardness values shall be agreed upon between the ‘manufécourer and purchaser. $101.1 If castings are ordered in the as-cast condition, hardness determinations shall be made on two different repre- sentative areas of each casting or coupon selected for test S10.1.1.1 By agreement between purchaser and producer, those as-cast castings which fail to meet the required hardness may be accepted in the solution annealed and hardeaed condition if the hardness thus developed mects the hardness requirement of the specication $10.1.2 If castings ordered are in the solution-treated con- dition, two sample castings or two coupons representing the lot shall be heat treated for fests (ove $ 1.1,2). Hardness determi- nations shall be made on two different representative areas of each casting er coupon. $10.1.3 When hardness tests are made, the specimens shall be at Ieast % in. [6 mm] in thickness and the area to be tested shall be ground clean before the hardness tests are made. °2. Weldabitity Test $22.1 If weldebility tests are specified for M-30-C or ‘M-35-1, prepare @ coupon obtained from a test bar stown in Fig. 1 of Fig. 2 for each lot of composition M-30-C or M-35-1 castings. The weld test to be used shall be agreed upon between the purchaser and manufucturcr. ‘S22.1.1 Prepare and weld the test bar cast in accordance ‘with Fig. 1 in accordance with Fig. 3 S22.1.1.1 Machine the cast akin and unsound metal fom two adjacent faces of the as-cast specimen, exclude the riser face, and cut the specimen into approximately 6-in. [150-mm] Tengths. $22.1.1.2 Clamp the two 6-in. [150 mm] lengths together to form a double V-joint and weld two passes at 2 me o2 alternate sides of the specimen using '4-in, [3-mm) diameter electrodes that will deposit metal of similar composition of the test pisces. $22.1.1.3 Allow the specimen 10 cool to room temperature between passes, remove all flux, and examine visually for cracks. $22.1.1.4 The clamps may be removed ftom the specimen afer the first two weld passes have been completed ‘COPYRIGHT 2000 American Sozity for Testing and Matenas Information Handing Services, 2000 pe eaet Moric Equivalents & 7 3 4 % Fen a) fio 001 Bs) ‘Nom 1Riser sal be machined off and 1 in. [25 mm) square by 12, Jn [305 am] coupon stall be used for x-weld test. See Fig. 3 FIG. 1 Wield Test Sar (As Cast) 'S22.1.1.5 Deposit altemate series of passes until the double Vigroove has been completely filled. After the second series (cumber 4 pass) a %x-in, [4-mm] diameter electrode may be used if desired, 522.116 During welding allow each pass to cool, clean, and examine visually for erscks. Tae presence of cracks shall ‘de cause for rejection '$22.1.1.7 Upon completion of the welding, cut one section approximately % in. [19 mm} long transverse to the weld from each end and discard, $22.1.1.8 Polish each end of the remaining center section on 2 100/200-zrit wheel and etch with concemrated HNO, or with Lepito's etchant. Prepare Lepito's etchant as follows: (e) 15 g of (NH) {SO, dissolved in 75 cm" of water: () 250 g of FeCl,(powidered) dissolved in 100 cm? of HCI: (©) mix solutions (a) and (6) and add 30 cm*of FINO>. $22.1.19 Examine the etched section under low magnifica. don (5 t0 10%), The lot represented by the test specimen shall be accepted if it complies with the following crack require- ‘ments: (a) Three cracks maximum in linear inch of base metal and () The length of any creck in the base metal does not exceed 0.20 in. [5 mm]. ‘S22.L.110 Cracks observed in the weld metal during the low-magnification examination shall not be cause for rejection. 'S22.1,1.11 Failure of welded tes bars to comply with any of the requirements $22.1 through $22.1.1.10 shall result in4) A aoa/acoam 7 a t a WN &: é 41 Lata (5° NIN = % % 7m % Be we 5 inal a 1 a or Pel PSL Tr FIG. 2 Weld Test Bar (As Cast) rejection of the lot represented. $22.1.2 Prepare and weld the test bar cast in accordance with Fig. 2 a5 follows: $22.1.2.1 Fill the groove in the block completely with weld deposit using manval metallic are process with 14-in. [3.2-mmr] or Yin. [4-mm] diameter electrodes thal will deposit metal of similar composition of the test piece. $22.1.2.2 Remove one %A-in, [10-mm] thick bend coupoa Jongitudinally from the welded block by machining, sawing, abrasive cueting, or other suitable means. Make a transverse side bend test of the welded joint in accordance with Practice A GRR/A 488M. S22.1.2.3 Remove a transverse weld macro-specimen from the welded plate and visually examine for cracks. This speci- COPYRIGHT 2000 American Soctety for Testing andNaterlas Thfomalion Handing Services, 2900 mca may be the same one to be used for the bend specimen. $22.13 Acceptance: S22.13.1 Cracks as tears in the casting in the fusion zone or Iheat-affected zone of the macro-specimen shall be cause for rejection. Cracks originating at the weld bead undercuts, at ‘weld slag inclusions, or at casting defects shall not be cause for rejection. $22.1.32 Cracks or other open deftcis exceeding Y-in, [3.2 mm} measured in any direction on the convex surface of the bent specimens shall be cause for rejection. except that cracks ‘occuring on the comers while testing and eracks originsting at Weld bead undercuts shall not be considered. 823 US. Military Requirements ‘The following supplementary requirements are intended primarily for U.S. military applications and each shall apply aly when individually specified by the purchaser in the inquiry, contract, or order ‘$23.1 Supplementary requirement S19 in A 78V/A 781M shall apply. ‘$23.2 Nondestructive testing—Nondestructive testing shall be conducted in accordance with $9074AR-GIB-010/278, or other standard as specified, lo the acceptance criteria specified in the order Nondestructive test methods shall be in accor- dance with NAVSEA T907+-A$-GIB-010/271. Frequency of inspection (each piece or sampling plan) shall be as specified in the oder. $23.3 First article testing—The first casting of each type ‘aad desiga submited for inspection shall be the fist articlefb A a94agoam sample. The first article cesting shall be radiographically inspected in accordance with NAVSEA. T9074—AS-GIB-010/ 271 using the acceptance criteria in $9074-AR-GIB-010278 as specified in the onder. Mechanical property testing of the first article casting including the location, orientation, and ‘number of the specimens and the required mechanical proper- ties shall be as agreed upon between the purchaser and the manufacterer, The manufsctarer shall maintain a record of foundry practices (Including type of melting end refining unit, molding process, raging design, location of risers and chills) used in the first article casting. In the event of change in the foundry practice in the same or subsequent order, tie mant- factuter shall nowfy the purchaser and obtain approval of the changes. The manufacturer may be required to perform specific first article tests and examinations to verify tha! the change vill not or has not degraded casting quality {ns Ameican Sccty for Testing nd Mitte aks ro poson respect the vay any patna asserted inccanscton ven ary nes mentioned hii slanare User otis stanca are exeross¥y aovised fal etaminaton of te alsty any sch (Peer Mg, and te nk OF ingeMeDt Osc ght, ae ersrey ev on reopens ‘Ths stances sublet to revion a any tine by the response technical commits an must be reviwecievery ve yeas anc) ‘#netreveea efor reenprovedor wilirann. You corners ae intad athar br revo ts standard or acon saat (s05 si bo accressod to ASTM Haadquarars Your commeris wa receive cael consderaton aa Mestrg ol be vessorsoie tecnica commitee, wich you may ata it you fel tet your comments have na ecaved alah heating yeu sowd make your ens cw De ASTM Conmitos of Slaraaiss a te access Shown bao ‘Ths standart eopyinted by AST, 100 Bar Hartor Dive, PO Sex C700, West Consholocton. PA 14282050, Unted Sates Incl renin (argo or rap ecles) of his sarazed may be cared by cotacthg ASTM ly shove cotess OF at (1 E2285ED (pare), 610-882-9555 (ex), or savirsastn.or (o-nase Brough to AST websle (nrmasiT. 9D. COPYRIGHT 2000 American Society or Testing and Materials Information Handing Servers, 2000