Class _1est-OF 7 Game Theor ja] Lohy 56 algebrio- valu f the game zerto%o) ounls jon by otk Answortt (Oho the sum of am womnerts 3 equal to the sum of the amounts Jos be Wh losers, we calh t+ a zelo Sum gome-Tn O non- Zero sum game, thete exists a Zointly preferred oudeome, fe., in o 2emto SUM JAMEL on ao constant Sum gome. the Sum of gains ond losses of the Game 95 Zerco. IB] Whed ane the properties of doniinanae4 dustify the use f cack property. (4) Ansoet: the, aoncept of domimanar ean be applica! to one 4two-pertsore Zero Sum Game coth any numbere of shodegies c each ployer. oreo porel ywodrix of logeSi2ey the rterbe of dovSrance ean be used to reduec Hs size by carefully elimanotiny ceroin rows and/or. columns preiore do fnak analysis to defercmine the opti shrod.cgy selection-ft each ployer. Tn genenah the following rules (ore prtopertics) of dommenes are uged to rede the st2e of pay-off modrEix , Ruled? Of alk the eemens no ride of posg- off mocetix ane hoss thon ort equal to the cones ponding elements (Sih ewig) of the other Own then the phayere. A coilk never ahoose. the Wh shodegy ore. tn of here coortds the Hh phtodeg iyi donfnoded. by dhe ath streackegyRule 22 TF odd the elemonts Tn o& column ) Gay rh eoluermd f & PAg- off modrtx arte grecder. hon. ore equal fo the corresponding elements of the clare dolumn (sag $th columns) thandhe playerl B wilt nevert choose Fhe rh Skodegy orl in the other coortals the. re4k, shodegy 18 domtnated by The sth sheodegy . Rue 3: A Pure shod ogy mor be_ dominated if it fs inferior. To avertaqe. ef soso eek. other. pure, sinodegies,(Bd Rid distina fons beloeen pure btrodege and wiixed SInot a9 (4y Angeer? Distinctions between pune sdreadegy and mixed sheodegys Pune Aodegey Mixed Stroop A.TF the players seleef |\4 When the players use dhe same 64nodegy cock. combinotion of strokegies tine, then itis reffered land cack player. alwoags to ag pune-shodefy- opt guessing as to cokich Course of action 1s to be selected by the other player ad a parttiewlarc oacasston then des ts known & wre _ smategg- Q. Thete 13 O soobdle pont 9. Thence ts no soddle pace Bireodeey point exist 7n arixed | St odegy- exist in(I.T,y His case eoch plyer|9, Thee Ts a priohabilretie. knovon exact} bat the| stuadion here the Phare othen: is gong do doteslden know ewhed the of then, 1 & deforcminishe| ps GFF to do. _ bHuation, 4, The obgective. of the 19. The objective. f the plsere playerts fs fo smoxiniie, fs to moxhmize expected goin S ort fo minimize. esses gems ort to minize dosseg, & The best shecdegy Ae 5. The optimum plan Fo eack player 134 Phy ack. playerc.is to empley one partioulare shaky different shadegies of <7) Ahn ughour dhe game. as ffectond- timed, 6 This the decision tlt € - Courses of gala Wat oohich ts always b used ane ty be goleofed ona by the playere. to seleed PartheeLare oweassion ou, dhe partieutar streteey some. fed. probabitty.Giame Theory Rolf mad rtix from A's point of View? Player A a Ax 089 9% a }2 In | oe q@ ml |? | | 9 ok obs} 16 aed : gy | 20 | by} '% 19 15 | 3 Payef modrtix fom 8% point of Feros Plogert A a Ae Qs, ay by 4 10 4 = & Ps a9 | 6 | * | 3 god 2 4 4 2 4 a4 | #2 | F Questions Requivced value of dhe gare.Playere. A A om! Og Oy Row soninims b, 19° 6 Fy 5* 5 on 7 Ss 4 ce" 8 ayo | — u | Ie | g igt = * 4 m 8 | + ig -of | 4 Column 19 8 18 G Moxa The above madnix fag no saddle. pdiwk. frum @ pomt of view, by ts dominated by bg, Hener, by fs deloded and Ihe. fo\lovohag roducod med result Plager A ' Oy Og ag Oe by Is 6 +t 5 | Plogee> bo + 2 IG @ | by 10 8 ge &Fream player As point of View, a, Is domiroded by Ay omd a, fs deleted. Henaw the following reechreed modrtx would. be obtained, Pleyert A 22 9g Ay b, | 6 F 5 | Player by g 4 6 | by @ BY Agein , from player. A’ pont of VI, A, IS | dominated ly ag and % is deleted. Ploger A An Oy b 6 5 ba | 3 6 Play ac B bg 8G Herne, NO single stotegy dowtmodes ancthere strodeUS Seoredarg for. roads Z bphorys olectakel +o reepoaie- brfialges fourt stages: Roads € Heghoay dept 1s agraedl do moet o spooial grand of 5 wien dollars boards the eosd with aondliion hod the reports must be done od the» lowest possiy wost £ weakest Hime. Tf dhe amdtheng cook, o- supply mentary. grant cord be aonsiderod . Dept of RE H flooded tendens € 5 stode. Leneengerl oondrractors Pave, sank thére. bral,Cosh oF Cost vt Repairs i Clever) | | Sago. Akron Goston "| AlexE gong | 7 20 tc Miami aft a oO Cons tut 18 ad 20 3 a oe ESons AS | Qr | 48 5 American | - Conshication -d2 | a0 | @ ____Compony Mebane Oetees 4 yg ge Compony Fhe. expected cons truetion cost mm the. stales ote given sn. million dollars. Ang the follaang questions 41. Whod fs the mneonng oF cost of assignmard 9. hick of the emetroctorts aowd not be. assigned 3. at What Ts the amoun? f supplimenleryy gros jp be demondled 2So Luin? B Cest Basement: Cast assignment TP ES of costs -b the aoktties ort obgeet that 1295 dhe. Fnaurereenerc ft dhe eosts. | %5 the altootin Hee ao member Af ynodetix, ne5x4,7t8 not oO SU VORL MadrEx. So, we should added a dung Columyy , Let, dhe chim, dolurn 74 Flotde. Adding 0 desma Coburn Cos of mepotres Cavan hungia. Aknsn Boston Florttdo Alex € Song 10 15 a 1 0 & Mons ons. S 1& 2) 20 oO s Stephen € Sans 10 \9 20 1g 0 & praren e | ul iD 2 20 0 Highsooyy vensens n 15 ge 16 0Cost of reepolires / ‘dlevont — Jourgfon Akiton Gaston flovtala Alexe Sms) io 5 20 1G o fe iad g 18 Ql 200 «0 Prephen fons 10 12 oe 6 O Ammertioan ns i 1D 20 20 0 [Hegagy meses il 15 2-16 0 | Tdentified -the. smallest clement of cack tow ond the same%s substreaeded freom oll elements f thod aoa. chem Recluction Consdriaetong dost of repairs 4 Clever Jourcgio. Akron Boston Flortide Plexé Sons 3 oO oO O° “i Miawit Cong. | oO 6 a 4 e 3 Slephen€ Sons 9. F DD O 2 American lms 3 0 o 4g Oo & |Highargy Nersesg 3 2 0 0Galeniified the smallest clement of each aolurn ond the Sane iy eubstracted from AL dhe eloments of that eohuvm . Testi for optimnoLi} Cost of epaires teva Touregia- Axion Pesen Poort | Alex€ Aer& Sons | (Miao dons. y lephent sons (Levant American bons >Jounsia Highooay Duerseas> Brston Optirusin Cost (2): Za = Aig t%oq\ + gg t ry, o4+%, =QO+S4+O+ 12416 = BG railiton dollars O@lbnttadere Stephan £ Seng toho hag been oagigned Jht duramy row (Floide) would not be assigned fleses cudine “D4 OSince cost cxoced 5 niiiion dellans, the LESS amourd of \5L-5) A reillion dollans is fo be Sought og Supplementary grant,Decision Theort; , A certain output Fs manufactured ot £2 ond sold $45 pert unit, The petoduet is suck hed fy 5 produced but not sold durting of days Fim, 3+ becomes - morthless. The defy goles receortd the past fs 0s follows: _ = Demand pecday 30 4o 50 60 FO | | No- of dats py ny ERY I L Requieament? Dofowmne- tne. expected opporthuridy Koss, nwo a Selling price - dost ~ US-D $6 © Loss on unsold moses Margin ak peeefi + Moseginot loss = ¢9 uete No. deag Probabiltda sx Teoh mo. of days “Tolak no. of deus - (944 Quy 4 Bb 24412) = d20 dows R reef Table. a ye pesord pit omttial Opporchentty Loss| Expected Opporthuriidy ees yo (80 40 50 60 40/90 yo BOY 60 Fo 30 O2 0 90 180 240 860 6 18 36 84 ARH 40 0-2. 66 6 9 80240 12 © IE Be By 50 6.3 120 60 6 90 180 36 1k © af 54 60 0-2 180 120 60 O 90 BE 24 FO | Od 240 180 120.60 © UMW 1 6 o Expected Totak Lose 408 yg* 4g" 423 196 | Expected opporcturtidy loss 7g mhvimuny and prof] ts morimum hen eal Yo o-50 ustitg produets 15 prodused where cook opportlumt loss 5 Some ond} 75 48. ID 0 1g | 1S theWhad do cou mean by quantitative. approach Tn. buginess marckeheg? Monge ond Kimbolh have sieessed Nhe quant totive opproack, of operation researce ond fave. desertibed H asa sorenkhe- method of providing excoudic departments cstth. quant tohve- bagis for deotsions mega nding the. operations under their @ontnol* Who arte OMe of the, primary conttubutons of worioug theories to the quantttadive, apprtoaeh? I Decision Theor’: Ga views decision making 1B continuous prtooess cdthin The orgganizadion ‘The. organtzodions f000ss cork depend upon the quali, of the deatsiond mmaole. Ths TAGES He Use Or quonttfodive, ynethods in evaluoding- options. |2-Inemlons Theoreys Leonora Jot si2e and Inventory eontnol. B.Grexne, Theoret Timing ond prog 7” esm petitive. smortket, wiiltartey sheodegy. ‘- Busing Teoys? Invertorge control riod fe amtrol, radio comm umaotion, telephone drinking System, B. Lineare. Pagortammniveg: Assignment of eqeiprers and person eh sched biog: snput-oudput analy sé » product wir. 6 Sampling Theor: Quality eontrol, Simplified accounting ond audeling , 2msumer Survey ond product preferceness in marcketag rescante, 7. Probability Theor Almost alt anwas of cyptetin© Explotn the sleps in dhe. management SCTenek prtoors pos: Thertt arte -fourt Steps in dhe managemend Burenee- prtotess. 1) Allocodi . » Se [Dedatls in book 5 E 1.6] WDInvendorry proeess, YJ P Gi) Waiting Line preotess. (i) Replacement prioucss, © Sede dhe eonstrainds of applying monegemant Sarenoe |.@® Whod do ow mean By VAM ynethod2 f-6.4] Og Vogel. Appcoxitmodion Method, an initial baste solution of 4 he problem 74 obloined! . Tyidial feasible Soluhon—vVAM Destinations - DA De. DB Dy DS $4 Uo 36 26 88 80 460 $2 88 28 34 34 198 290 $3 85 88 24 o€ 380 R40 | Demand 160 |60 200 120 240 Aaa demand fs greater than Supply bs 200 vomits, o2 Totrtodluce, & dle sourtet, wrth, Sourcer. borrly | supply of 200uMitS. The Ridiak bag fasvle solution obtained ba vogels method is diepoged Sh eloyoe—Fiitioh bogie feasthle. solution — VAM ; ot Desdinoctfon a | “| Row Penalty Sourter Dt Do | Bs | = —_T Ds” ‘Pune $4 | 40% a io 8 “2082 460 ale ‘gly | Ss # is “ate roe .2g0 6 6G 0 li64) S3 05 38 ate gout) ato |4/4 44 60 | ai [Ox | Ox Ol 6c0 00 Remand 160 160 200 120 240 ego | | | Column (9H) 2 24 28 40 "| Pally 28 gy 28 30 ~ © 2 6 oO ee 2 & o Collerladion of ae adst of Tne pordodion (2): Ze Liat Mp4 XaatAggt oqt 5 tat Lays =€0(26)+ 8h (30) f60(28)+1 (G4)-+120(28) +120(30) +160(0)+4 0(6) = RO80+ 240 + 4480+ HOBO 3360-+4+3600+0-+0Calerladtion of mifial cost of dreangpordection (22 2 = Ligh Xyart yg Raat Xayt Raph XyytXUB =160(30) + 160(g¢)-+ 120 (84) +80 DY 120(29)* 40(B0)+ 160(0)+ 40(0) = 4800+ 44204 Gokd+ 1920433604 1200+0 +0 = 19.840 “ Tritial @ost of deansportedion #19, 040 , © Test fore: optimality Sonor. Destination Suppl Dt De Dg Dy pg eg $1 40 86 26 Be gnll®™ Y65 U,-0 62 BE ag g(t BY 198 280 Uses Jo 3 | $3 36 38 24] pg 5 Lao 240 (Ups o: gy ee Lao, ,o o (0 0 Oo 0 | 200 (o4> ~30 | Demand | 160 160 200 190 240 ee YF 30 Vor 18 yey 4298 V5e BOCaleulotion 4 UF anal V5 Using the rwelodion Cig = CUF+v3) Let, UgeO => Ugg 7 (Us*3) => 24 = (0+ Ya) a) 2 24-0 vy 224 Now, ow, Ng = 24 2 bag = (U2tVg) 2> 34 2(U2* 9.4) => Vo = Bu -241) e U2 +20 Now, Ug 210 =DCeg = (U9sV2) => 28 = (10+%2) => Va = 28&-!0 “V— = 18 Whar ' Ug c0 =>lbsy = (U3* Vu) => 28 - (Ory) => Vy = 28-0 Vy < 28 Agein, . tas = (UB*N5) => 80 = (o*%5) => Vo 0-0) 7 os V5 = B30 ' V6 = BO >Cus = (U4 +V5)) 0 = y+) =>Uy =-30-0 > Uy =-30Calenladion of opporturty Cost UsheF 12 ralodion Aig = Ci5 - (UID Aine G,—lWtw = 40-(o+30) =40-B0 =10 Aig = Qa- Us ve) = 86-(or1@) = 36-18 =18 Aig =Ga—-(UAN3) = 86— (0424) = 26-24 a2 Diy = Gy-(ut%4) = 38- (0428) = 38-28 , =-10 Ag\= @\- (U2) = 98-U0t 8) = 33-40 e-k Agy = Cau (U24Va) > B4-(10+28) = 34-38 =-4 Ag) =Cg- (us+y) = 35- (0480) = 35- 30 <5 Aga = Cs2-(Q3tV2) = 38-(0 +18) = 38-12 =20bye = C2. Wutva) Dug Cu-(Uy*%q) = 0- (-30+18) = 0- (30 +28) Cyg—(Uy4+¥3) = 0 - (-30+24) sO0+G =6 Here, the opporcluntty cost Cor ond Oy ong negodive . So, we con allot here rrekimun 160 units and the following ranised transporchadtnn yneditx ts obtatned.Roised Modrtix Ke seo SY Di D2 D3 Dy Dy ace 63g ap UE Io be oR - pgltse. By 34122 Jog 280 % 95 oe 2y222 ne 30 Lae, Quo 54 ole, 0 oO o L4o | 200 Bemend 160 160 200120 Zo | e865 | Cabeulecion of HHL cost of’ trtanspordofin (2) Feige Xe2t Lo t+ Xyat Last Xy + Xue =160(89)-+ (60 (28)+1 20(34)+ 200( 24) +6 0(36) +1G0(0)+ Yo (0) | hut _—Destinadion Son = 4800 +4480 4 Yoso +l 200 41200 40 40 = 19360 Deak cost £29360.‘Jest Foe optimality — [ _Destinodion a | fuse Dt De Ds By | Ds rey SA “440 36 26 38 aa 160 |Uj=30 Sr (98 2d 4 4 aie 198 | 280 19236 wl bs (95 38 ay ne 962 ayo Use 80 | Uco Lac | qo 200 |Uy= O 54 fe) 0 °o OO 1GO Qoo 120 240 &8o Demand 160 \-D Vge-8 Vge-G Vy--2.Vp- 0 lalowlation of Ur and V9 Using dias relation, ag = (Ur+va) => Cys = (Uyt¥s) Left, Dy=0 =>ey = (Uae) =>0 = (0%) =>0d ~ (o™) oV— <0 wvy <0When veo Cou = (v2*%4) ays -(Us 5) > 3uU2 (S6AV4) =D30 2 W34+® eDvy = 24-36 1 Ug 230 iM eo 2 " Cis =( UPS) 2530 = (4140) => VU, +30 Cg = (Ugt V3) => 24 = (G01Va) > V3 << Qn 24-30 3 2-6 "Cy = (Up 42) => 29 < (3642) =D V2 = 28-86 — V2 =-Q(aloulosion of opportunity. Cost Leng 4re_ wwotion, AiG = Ga - (Ura) Aye Qi- (uty) tee Yo (B00) 210 Aya = Qo-(Urrve) 2 36- (20-8) > 96-22 =I4 Age 0g-(Ui+V3) = %6-(30-¢) 226-94 2 hg = Gy-(Y+%4) = 58-(30-2) ~ 38-28 =l0 Aag\= & —(U24y) + 38- (8646) =38-36 F Dus A23= %a-(U 2+V3) ©£3uU- (36-4) = 34-30 < 4 P25 = bos (Us+vp) = 19Q- (36+0) =)98-36 2162 Agi = Csi (Usav,) = 25 ~ (3046) = 35-30 = ,Ay a> Cua- (Uy) = 38- (30-8) 20-(0-6) = 38-22 =6 =I6 Bag = Cyy- (Ua+va) #34 =Cgu-(Ug +Viy) <0- (0-D = 28 - (30-2) = 2 = 29-98 =O Dag =Cyo-(UrVve) =O0O- lo -8) =8 “ Binae AL he. opporcharity cost 1g positive, ho optimum soluticn fs obamned. Optimum Alloeahene W152 160, Xyo=160, Nyy =I20, % gq 200, Xop=40 Xu = 1GO, us =o and all ofhert Fy =0 A302 ta-(Uj+ve) The dolal optima aogt could be # 19.360.) tonat fs assignment? 5 sohedulfing methoc! inst Assignment meshod tratvidual obs 10 uged fore assigning potvidual Prroeessnny- aornponerts mM & one-to-one. basis, wth Ihe gook of rvivin the to fal aosds ore time fore accomplishing al of the. Jobs. fn assigament problem PO pach cwlose dase Ff. uanspoin prem cofene- the chek a number of reesoucee g To fs to assign equok number of activites $0 ae fo rmmnynie total. aogt ore. \naxiin Ze folol proft.cfallowdiGy Herte, athe number A a Squarce- moder + $0, We 5KO mort, 0= Bx, oy not ulal added Charron doluunm: les Ay he dunn eolaumn TS Re, Adding o durin. column Cost of Repatrts | Q Ro Ro Ry Rs : | q | 2 14 12 5 © vg | o2 | + 4 2019 5 Fe 3 | i 2 18 0 Yi ly | 10 in «18 3 © | é 8 : Ib gl 6Row Reduction ~ Cost of Ropatires a | a Ro Rg Ry Ke G 2 1Y 9 15 © y| & | +t + g@ 8 © 3 % |9 iQ a Bw oO g| 4 ‘bp In 18 9 0 b5 | 16 IS 21° 16 6 Tolonttfed! the emallest clement of cack meow and the same. #4 gubstraated fram all the elements of thod roe. Golunmn, Reduetion . (ost of Roparres : RR RB RA Ro | Gh 2 4 O © Qo 5 2 F © 2 ty 9 6 3 3 0 $14 39 9 SC 4 —l& 3 8 8 4 °Vd enttfed tho smoblest elomart ofeach Column and tha same te subsitacsed Fram athe elamerds of thot coburn, Teslng fe POT bost 4 Repotias Po Pu Rs + i : o) t& 4 3 3 hob an minmam number. of - korttzonal and vorsieal Mines. n>Ns and. toner fre solutions nol optimum,Resised Modrtix Cost of Ropers | G 424 4 =O O o dy ° 5FOO% & ye Cs 5 a & ° BiG 8 6 8 FF 6S 9 2 2 2 D “ Tdeniefed! the ermollest element of he omens not aovering be IN Imes, the Som 13 Substracked fom the. cucstval elements and added to the elements that lying an the, inferugacttmn of 4100 ‘N’ Ines.Rod Test fore ophinallly Cost of RapoSres [A Ro Rp Ry Re & ZX a 4 a cf p ya at Drawn mnimemn numbercod tort 2otal and verte. Vines, Herce, N>N} and hener. the solubtyny 2s not optimum.2nd Revised Med cx Com of mrepaiieg [R&B G |Q2 4 g oe 0 4 5 wy a 4 $ Cy y oO (S% 2 4 4 £06 o | Glerdifed the SmoaUest element of dhe elernert net dovercing aN Lines and the Same 7s Substracted fromm the suavivol elomends and added. to the. elements bing. in the. rhercsoction A hoo 'N” [fnes.Bnd Test fre optimality Cost of eepoures OR 7 g 2 Ky ©. G £ 3 | Sy | _& ~ ¢}— Detavon minimum number. of torcteentoA and verhoal Lined, Hen, . neN~ and tenee the solufin 7s opfineemfrtrelomentef Saglh me losl of repairs | + " Fe ! Ry | Rs - Rk = OF - & fe : | 5 3 | | Ja | join Assi. _ Ponsoudes @ > fo g-> B5 C5 > Ry Co> Ri ty > Ra Optinwen fosd (2 2g + kay kag tar X54 =19tFFOF12416 = bY Here, the wimwn @ogt 1S 54 laks reom \ oD) - . Zenoe coed exords 5D lacs, tht &xeess Qsmount Ff Rs .4(5U-50) faces ig do be Sought ag supplerentort gitard, & Contravtor Ug woke Pag beer assigned dhe dummy. crows (5) doses ocak inthe. bd@ What is waFling Line? Find the- onench oppliat of queuing theory. [o-e4 Ang? Queue or waatling Lines ast. very dovnrnan fn evertyclyy Ge Bre example, bust mers cont for gorstiee: tr font-cf rlatliony booking offs, post offtees _bonk Counters, dootore eliniag, bus stops ete, A queuing: problem arises cohen dhe. eurtent servi rade. ef a. factlily falls Alorct ef he. cuietent rch &f tustomers’ devnend - The, coon gueuc mofests to eustomerts cocth'yg fe serene mag be a physieok Fine of eustomens 0% 0’ cositing. et fore berth on o tion, ete > Burutng theory Ts valuable, tool bre fra Lind 4 business deefcton emoking + Th can be applied toa wide. Voniely. of sttuctions tn soneduliog Some. Fthese ane given below? Damachanteal, transport Flock D S0anee- defence equipment @fssuc and returcn of toola fern Took ertibs in Plants, ad) otretotts oF Laneling andl dake.-offf from bug atireporcts ® doks Ty preequation oontrol 4) pars and. components iin assembly. Lines QD routing Sales persons 4) Tnverdorgy analysig and eontroh % replocemendt of caprtal assets 3) wiinisedion of eng eStion duc to traf dhe atk booth 4 Oucuing theory tag generally been applied by foolonies y Tangporch eomporiies ytelophone exchanges computer: centres » rote stores | enema Powsesreestarutanlg, banks, tsrercanee aompontes, trod, tontreol. authorities ,hogpitals , ete. 5) prsouss the elements of pening sestem . [7-8-4 ) Here@ ee ane given L Ne Ge frucks perc bout He =50 treks pee RourTAs dioo sets of attendant, @ Average. dine. spor’ fn the System ea dt lg 2 Ae 3 TA el 50 -45 =e foun = ja wminules “« Sdle dime poy rrent fore dratvertg eacl. Fine 28KE , = Rs, 4.60 \w ; Q@when thera ig one bet of oddenclands, tha average Jenglh of aditing Ling 7 gen by: A Wy=—— MAL A) ys ~ Fol 50-45) 2 2025 5oxd — 2026 ~ "250 = 8-1 trucks Tefal cost< Howry cost of © Hourly aost i tig by fuck drévery of one se of adtfendlands = RQiKIe TO 2189.6wohen there i ore, +o Belg of attendants , the onoroge. length of aoiting lint fs given Ve GBB QBRBO(AXB 0-H) = 0374 droneks Total cost = 0-B4¢x1G4+L 40 = R46, 25.92 ©sf a. third! sel of attendants ‘S Leno) dha cost A. cblendenis(anid would exeaed thetotal cost pstth Sele of attend ants. Henee the third set %s not pice fercoble.» ® tohat fs geome? Desonibe. differerd fypes fone [b-14-1] © Explain cahyte sfimulosion used? [p-s6-'\ | Op Hero, A220 peresen/hou Ke AY pelsm [houre The. probability thot the easkrert ts flet The preobabilipy of busyness, A Pe At 120, ay = 0-83 2 She probabiliige of beng ile, 4-p =1-0:83 =0-1FOre averlge numbert of eustomens fn the | qucuing sfstem, - AL Le rm a4-20 =B eusiomare-/ hourt- The overage. meember of customers fn the quen b> 3g < _ (20% 24 (24-29) so 94x4 = Yl customer [hour57) Thee avertage time & oustomerc spends in dhe system, 4 Ws = ToA = O-25 hours Jeustomert = (0-25 ¥ 66) = 15 minutes [ouster The average, time a eustoynert. Spends ir Po A queut., W¢2—4 LeU) 24 (24-20) = RO 2G =0-20 houre | eustomere S125 amines Jousfornsstee @) what 1B Pune shtodegg? Detertmrme the rtelog fore detereorinieg gooblle. pont. [b-14-22 44 © Determining. tha Saddle pomt Frem @ b b ph fos mninin a, 1D 10 et g + + Ay 14 Y 10 From A lo Q, ict + et 3 IG 1D 5 ie 2 14 15 Coburn maximas 16 The above motrin hag no gadle- point. um 0° poink of View, a, 15 dovitnaded bef 02. ene , 0, 18 deleted ond therefore dhe folloiby codumed, moditin reesult.( Frern B —b bo bg On 14 4 10 Fron A | | “8 16 Ie IB Fitom BS pow 4 view, bs dorriinoted! by by and b, i oletoded!. Henee, dhe. following redueed mattix woud be obtoined. firm © _ bos a, IY 10 Grom Fr Oy Ie IS0 dt Phortono. method 200 ficem B b —— "8 12> 3 4 | = 5 | | ie | 10 INL + ices A a 1D | IS ; ' agi rs “yq-sq = = Z S 4 (5-10 - Maid -0-5t oF Fe > BTZ 50-4 0.29 = Hh 229% From A with not play the. shrocegies a, and From B will not play The strodegies by. fam A with plog sheolegies ay. and Ag - woth Ugh and 57% probabihity raspecdively. Firm @ esl play strategies bo and bg wrth F% and 20% probability respectively.Vole ae = lax (£)+ or (&) Uy2 4 | 14 x2 ton " Hf ; 2. 2 ae tF = 70420 a = 20. ay " E12 BO tue of sho -peme.fs poltive 129, Hened, fire g fy i. dosere and Brom A te due. pine. T's TIL 86 hee finm A and -12-86 fore Fron @,St Tee on Suceess a) X _ fh 7 flune » ae i so\' gS \ ond publek o. a “os Lym _ Suess BS Xe, Q ot? Rihene. gre Cnite Ike iq 6,00000 ay C, Don publish Cy dy, 4,0 Don't publish ry a - ey Cis SUeeess fedoloutodion of Posterior’ fropota NTA Gio Likes (ohen Oretie ui ‘ed —— 6 Priom — Frtob. OF ; Stain Prob. —_oertifia- likipg rb. Prob, Suaeess 0-3 -O.5 0-15 0-68 O:0F O+B2_ Fath of ol Ovraz (Loken entice. désbie) Mixed Referfon Outeome a “Prob. more orgie digitkes Prob. Pitob, 4 Suceces — O- O-5 0-15 O15 fea 0. . lene 7 os 0-63 0-8) O-78 Publish Ouleome, —Preoboltitty Conditirnal vale Euy Fuecess O-% 10,00,000 300000 foflune ot (250,000) (1,700 $125,000 Dot publish | 6 5Evaluodion ef decision point #H 8 pubis Ordearna- Perobability Condlttional value. EMV Suceess 0-68 10,009,000 6,£0000 Fotlure OBL (260,000) (80,006) “$6,00,000 pew?! publesR 4 6 “ Q Evaluction deotsion pont HY Publis - Na Ouddome Reobobil ty onddimal yolue. & Suoess O19 10, 00,000 190,000 fothure o- (250 000) _ (202600) Don’t publesh 4 0 Pieee Evoluedion of deatsioyy powwt ted Expected. gain (6 ,00,000% 0-22) = 1,.92,,000 tha {tke oe ee = (2000) Nek expeated gain Ff 4,30,000 The publisher should Pea. cantte sinee the ner kxpetted goin of antic. hircing ps Righere than he atternadive. of not ining the enttia -&) = (20-14) = $6 Marginal profit = Selling priiee- cos | Manginal lose = Loss on unsold bubter =14 Payoff Table. vee ee) Conditioned. Payoff | | 15 20 95 |50 6640 45 IB 20 85 Expected ; 15 102. 90 20 -BO -120 -]90 260 3% 1.8 OY -4 20 +08 FO 120 50 -20 ~90460-A50 7-2 9-6) 4 25 1 90 120 150 SO 10 -Co-I80 GD 112 IB 30 ‘4 90 120 150 180 10 40 -80 B86 4B Go cc} ‘2 90 }20 JG 180 210 140 70 18 a4 80 YD +I GO. 120 150 180 210 240190 13.5 1 225 45 105-90. 12.0 150,180 210 240 270, 45 6 #B Expeot ed m onetarcy value (EMv) 90 18) 138Hack ly fobobt! ik HF Total mo. 0 dows selab no. of doyse (4+ 16+20-+ 80-140 +30 +19) = 200 Poycff ce wr | 95 | 40 Among the. BMWS £148 15 “24 |-88 52-66 the Aighest. Henee. optima “1-6 |-7.2 -128 18-4 quendt4y to be prccaluced 8 |i -6 -8 fs 80 budterU Ug) and pash Fe 4 6 ie expeeted of this level fs 8 ue | ae 14 #AqGg. _2t (816 36 BEE 1 2 10.5 12 45.5 a | _ 18" 18 68 | 3 |Yeowe Bucher 2017 } Cucehion A Q wrad 18 management science? [h- rZ] fy 6) Disenss wohad epou know about the Fisdortioal development of manggement sorene2. [iz] Ans: Menagemerd serener ort Managertiol Soin, (Ms) fs the broad fnfercalisct, plinany stucly f toblem solving and decision making fn Peshoons sth. reong Links to manegemert P' omgantzodion 8,09 oonomies business engineering, managemun} consulting Sond other Frldg. TA uses vartous b0r ont fe ceesgoarth- based pranet ples, shodegtes ond analy Heol methoals trelud ing modhomadieal modeling stadiste ond numerdieol algorithms 4,Fenprtove- ON) ongarteation’s abiltty $o enact rtadionak ond ccapertad monagem ont dlectsionS by arriving at optimal orm Neore optimal solutions to complex deatcion folps businesses to ake ethoos. problema, Mangement Sotence goals using vartioug seurondife- m The origins of management gotener Car be traced +o opertodion 5 veosoartthe ,ohich became inf Lcervod ducting World Ware I cahen dha. Aled Fomoes reeruited setertists of vortious disciplines to assist cit mi Wary openadions, Tn these, earthy applications, the sdienh st Used simple mothomadieal models to make effient use of lavided Jechno hg 708 and resources, Wis opplieadton of dhese. models to the eorponedonagemert Soofore beacme known 45 ™ ECRNL, Tn 1364 Stoffond Beer characlert2ed the field of monagemard Beene AS Hho business use of operadions rieseareh? Ted ef » Monee snort Adionoe encompasses nny © rgonizationod, ook py fee wht ok d problem fs 3 Fotered in ynodhematioal from 4p generale man agenially colevant ia sights,vagel. Aprotrnadton Method, an iWittal @ Using of the problem is oblatned. basic éolution Fyelal basic feasible Zolution- VAM en! Destinotions |. ee O\ ABE 9 ‘alloy, Bx gy go 4 \4 Ly ly la 4) Or gs g Hee ley. 50 ad att 034 5 9 Geigy 212.2984 Og a. fee pc Raut errors 22. GO 30 40 50 25 Aq5 8 4 6% 20 QOH HRI Column. 24 4 ao 4 4 | pupa a 4 Qa 4 | | 2 a 4 a A 7 | =f oo | Tt 4 - 2 _ a ee |Cohewoch'on of intial eos} of Fransporelafin@): Za hit Ligh hat Moy t Xap Maat Xap och Mao =£o(1)4 1O(y $202 HolN+20(4)+ 212+ B0(6) 4+25(2+4+20() =20 410440410 + BOF 4O+ IBOFHO +20 = 450 1. Intdiod eos! of Inomspordodion j 75 Re.y50. ® Teed foee ophimality Destinahons Availa- D D2 Da Dy Ds dg bilitis o 44%, dl y 5 » 40 usd 2 8 B [2% gue [22° ge knzo s o [25 0 4 ee 5 9 BE as Use a. [20 G 3 4 4¢ & 4 6 20 yaad. Rainn -mone 2040 BO 10 BO ABS > Me 2 Vee @ Vee Dye 4 V5=4 YOCobewadtion of UF and v5 usne the relodion , CB= (Ulvg) let, 1), - el ; “) Cy = (usm) Cag = (OS >4 =C14M) => 2 = (0+Vg) =>™vMiz Ath => Vg 22 OM a 2 Aaain, ds =(Us+V5) Lag = (U2rvi ae ey =D6 =Cust4) =>4 =(0 ) => Us-b-4 o> V4 ed Ug 2 2 => Cos =(Ust¥6) Cg6 i (Us ave) =>4 = (04V5) =DQ ¢« (2+Ve) NG =q ME =O Dlg (U4) yo. = (Vatve) =>1 (VAD =>Q = (24V2) => U 24-2 eaCotectodion of oppor unre} aos usig the reolosion AIZ = Qi3- (UIAVE) Aaa tig (UD Ag = Cor (U2) = = (-1+0) =3-lo+2) = OA =3-2 i od aye tae-toery) an rbaarlYeANs) = 4-(-14/) =3- (040) aq 23 Ais 2Ci5-(UAVe> Doge Ge- (uerve) =5-(1+4) =3-(04D) =5-93 =o sO a B\ =Us-lWsy, Aire 24g - (Ue) “oi-(vs » 24-(242) =2-- (140) <4 = 2+) 4 _2a =ODas alag-lV3*¥9) Dua = Cyu-(UytVg) -5-(24» = 3- (i+) ot oa gy - toy (094) Aas = Cag -(Uatvs) -9-(2+) =4-(14+4) <9 = 4-5 <6 =-a Dg = Cy WD =3-(H4D Aug = Cue-(WyrVer =O = é-(14D) Bug = tus- (vars) ~ Gol =4-(+D “2 24 Herta, Ane opporctussity aost Cyg 1S nagosive, - go2 con allot Porte. maxtmum &0 units an the Following coviged. medix obtcined.14 2 9 9 gle le l&, 50 % 4 gts 9 clio, Lee 45 0% S ja Oy 3 se Q0 Rosie 20 Go 90 1D BO BIE Calalaton of mitiol cosd df drenspordaden (& Ze iy tat Lo gt oy tXagt La gt Xap tact Myx = QOD +10()+20(g)+ lo (N+20 (4+ 40(D+ 10(6) + 25(2)+20(y) = 204+ 10+40 + 10+ 80+80+60+50-+ FO = 430Test fore optimality Destiy eS ete - Avot a 2 | Dal Os Dy | mies By ao aaa 5 |2 | a0 \u=-4 2 2 | Pr 3 50 [ugz0 . 4 2 one bas 45 Use 2 oe + oe ame | 20 |Uy=0 Rest | — mao | 40 Bo 10 BO (a5 145 ee 1 ee 0 Va> IWNpeh Veo Vez O Coheubolton of Ut and Y3 using dhe cela, One =(Ui+vg) Lef ’ Ug70 C gy = (Uo+Ny) Co 9,2(U4Vg) s>4 = (04%) =D Q = (0+¥3) * Vy =n => V3 =2Con = (U5) D4 <(o >) os V5 24 Cos (Uy Np) =>¢ =(Usi4) => Us 26-4 Ug 22 C6 = (Us+Ve) 22 2(2 +Ve) wiVG=0 Cup (Uap) ‘D4 = (Uy+4) | > Uy 24-4 Ug co Gyg> (UV) Dd -(Ur® 2 Uy et? sO) e-2t C= ( Uayy) =>d = (-4+M) =v ott My eo Con = (UgtVe.) m2. = (Bet (@rve D> V2-72-2 ,. Vo 20Coeutation oF opportunity Gost using the caloticn, Ave Cig- (Uiav3) Ayo Gp-Wrr2) = 2-140) <24\ 23 Aya =Gy-(Ur%g) = 4-H) =4 Ai=tip-(UitYs) & 25-(1+4) ok Aig= Ge-(Urrve) = Q-(- \+0) = Qt) <3 Do\=Cai- (vor) =3- (or 2) =< 3-2 ae Aor s %&a- (Us-+Ve) = £-(04+) =3 Are > ge (U2*%0) = 8-(04+0) <3 Da, = bgi-(UstVy) =4-(g42) = 4-4 =0| Cghoulation of opporcunt sy @ost Using the celoicn, Aije G3g- (Uiav3a) Ayo=Cyg-(Urr) Doy=Ci- Warn) = 2-140) =3-(0+2) = 24 28-2 =3 Cgc (W2*%e) 25-(-1+4) = 8-(o+9) of = 3 Arg = &e-(urve) 45) = i-(UstVy) = g-(+'+40) =4-(g42) = Q4) = 4-4 <3 =0Asg-Cag-(usrg) — M43 =lug- Or) =b-(9+2) =F-(O +2) — =8 Agu =Csy-(Usr%4) Aga > Cay (Vay) =9-(4) = 3-(0+!) =9-3 =D =¢ “toma Mrectactoend SS =4-(6+8) -¢ ad nee, othe opporchuriify cost 85 positive, Ie | ophmam solution %6 obtoined- Optimum Allogatin: | A720, Gg = lO, 293, -20, Xpy=!0, Xyp-2o Nype4O, Xyp=10, %gq=25, My52X0 and all oh | Lig 20. ‘nthe -tolal optimun cost would bz k,, 430. ———® wohod amecnt by assignment tee [2] © How could yninimi zation problem be. govercted into a moximigation problem 2 p-64) fA © Question: Ciel obs | ae 93 Se eK 7 95 fe 6 4 ot BR Gy TG st 89 ue os Ty 2 92 53 MN 50 8% 48 3 38 49 Ty ge 28 4 46 Ts 43 36 45 (68 5 49 Te ep 18 8 96 ag AE La lag 7 FG G8 «50 fe 59 43 £4 58 | Work TechniciansCANS ote Work Teehni oe Te T% - Jobs |d: 2d Jy 3 0 Bg 19 g@ 6 9 O Oo + 2& 16 2? 2 Bt 4S FO FD & ay \6 0 4B 5 +t R29 IG - - OL a2 O “de. 30 az 2) Talordifed the Smallest ebtmerd of cack tod and the samLis substtacted Keom ah she elemens of thed row:Coburn Reduction Johs da dg lWortk Teehnietons Te a4 1b 43 FH] 5 £ 2 1 Tdewifrecl dhe smallest element of Zach ColLamy ds SG 5 1 Je 8 a5 0 o 64 a 2 be 28 Oo 10 St 16 is ve 4o oO Q5 ce) and the game ts substracked ftom all tha aliments of thad column.en 3 | Cork Teahn Detowon vririmum umber ef Rordemdal ame Testing ft optimality _—__ seks De Vs dy Hs Ye SH mika 4g —o— gg 19 79 —16— a 3 6 5b F 29 16 @ Jo 98 vertoal Lines, Hert» ny MN ond hener jue solution fs not opt man,Revised Modrttx Jobs [a doy dy lp Se (7, [18 9 43 19 10 i> «16 G oO 19 ote 8 Iq 3 8 : Tz |0 + 8 16 g0 0 NF a % a; 20 ot 38 0 8 4 Sto mW eR < 7, 1 0 0 Boe 4° 20 Yo 2 2 Il Oo 8 4 Identifed. dhe Smalles! elomants of the -elemards not eovertipg by we Lines. Ths emallest elomard ts substroked om thts SUING. elements and added 40 the elements lyiog at the internsactin of hoo SN? lines,nd Test fore optimal Jobs | ar Jo Ja Ja ds de JSF T 13 Oo a 19 16 3 Vo tf GB 19 s Tg | 6, 3p —O—_ +9. : | ‘s Ty | 36 8H 315 #262 9. Te 8 32. £3 20 Tt st oT — Drawn minim Number of Conia f Land vorthical. Lines, et _N and hence tho Sokefion 1S optimum,Cretrcobermant of Segle, Zoro Jobs [ a. Lz ay [ds | Je a | 7) oO {—L | s Te | | © | | e1B x Om | aa = ; Pew Lo eo 8 |% |€ nn: _| Optimum Assignment Sohedules Tg >t Wed Tod = Ta ede T2>d4u yds = TEs Optinum Time (2) Za Kot oyt aor ugt Moet %eat ~4 = 224 B34 9C4 B4424 B+ 48 ASF “Optimum dime d&4 fours,eee Cb 81] @) lohad do cfouemecad bs mattig-tine problereya B) pisseuss the characfertiste- cf fhe quciting Theory. [ou [e| C) bie a 2 [ctf assescmant- | Some re] Gusstion=6_ @bhot do cjoumean by replacement and cabog value? DS) Replaeeam ent ¢ [b-4.1] Salvage valuc: Salvage. values. ts he estinale book valite of on asset offer. depreciation i cornp ele, hosed on chad a company. expels fo rteeote fn exchange fore-the. asset ath and of THs usofil Life. As suehan assets estimated salvage. value is on Fmnporc arthcomport fn the. caloulatien of o clepraciachior Zohodede - As eshmodea! salvage value can be-dedemmine For ony asset tho a eompary oor be dep reeetating on its books overc dime Every comnpanse cot Rave fg 0007 sloralarts fore aluw . SomL Componi2edS depreciode. an asset estimating salvage, moe choase- to always Jo FO booause tts salvage volut- 7s 50 mmrmal In, genecal4 he. sakvoge valu is Important becase- of wl be the earcreyng volue, of the aeset ona. eompany’s books adler deprecfodron fad eon fully expensed «HH fs based on the. value @ company expeety to reache freom die solv of dhe eset ol the end! of ths Use If.Or. openasiog ort maintenance. Cost of mocking Mn SUCHLESIVE fears ts ag folloass Year. 4 9 3 y 5 Opertoding , : Cop Ue 18009 20,240 22960 %6,f00 1,800 Coloulasin fort avertage. operating eos] encoHipyCuumulodive Resale Depucciasin Tetah Average. { Year. Pane opertaking vole cost Gost Cos O © “ ®D — Geco-u) (6-245) &-641) | 4 1€,000 | 000 42,000 [£000 36,000 36,000 20,240 BB AIO 30000 30,000 C8AFY BY, 135 | 2.2280 61,150 20,400 32.600 1,00 4503358333 26,400 84,850 14,402 45,600) 33450 33.862-5 31,800 |119650 9,650 50,250 140,000 34,600 The eoleuledion ih the above-dable show thet+he average, Cost {3 lolaese) durting dhe fourth yeast: ener the machine should be replaced aflerc Avert Kurd feoru. Yor wbBuastion# @ docieion theory [2020-4 (5)] rs] (Ry off table. GoOpimen quantity (wD) Maximum profs © , Mod ching ployer) [el H T | Non. rmodehing H -€ | $ ployeru( er (A) 7 8 4 Moreking Player + T Row minima Non-malehing H _e* 3t _8@ ) _ player ( AY + a _ | Column maximase 8 6 Theneis no saddle point, Hence, the. strodegies Ll bz. adopted by (he players arte nixed.Modekineg Plage {2) H T FL bo BHaY Non-matehing Ha, |\-8 | 3 | \ — Playert | \ = OTE aye ) T y \2 =| | \ 2th Bté-i ot Bare 4 Br8=N 15 “iB = . = 437 = &47, 2 731 Nan- matehing player. plays the boo sheadegies Q,, and Ap. cot 24% and) 73% prtobebi lz} respectively, Modeking player plays the. 120 Shteocfegies 5, and bye wrth QT) and 731 probobilr}y raspechively,Volucof the gone q Voy = ~8*5- FORE ~~ 324 62 5 * 15 _ 82483. IB AD} 15 O:06F \ Vag. BX =| aaa 2 _ de “5 — 5 =0-064 7 eval fie gamt-16 posihve 2 0-06F, Henew Player bisa loser and Plager. Ais & . k goinen. . TVS 40-068 Fore ion mecekigg Phyer: 0 0 0¢¢ ore matahing Playerc ©.© Butstn td (Same as 2019 [HH)| _ B) Deleretigg the scale port Plogert 8 bbe by Retin a Bt 4 we 5 Q, 0 _yt "| _ Plozser_ /) a 4 | e | % ig -6" lo 6 (ohn moxmar 18 qd I Thorns NO godelle. point in thiz above madtir, Renee: the sheedegi 24 akon arte. mixed, freom the view pow of Plowgere A» 45 dominake by Oy and Ag 14 del! deleted.Playere. B b bo bg a! & f N Playert A g AghiQ = -G 10 3 dom*noded fruomn Plagjert BS pow of view, bg by bo ond bg is deleted. Player. B by bo - A Qa, 5 4 | Plog % 18-6 Swoop akfferoner. ynethod Playere bi bo —— op pl8tG= 24 a 5 ; JL 2 oh J ™ = 92% Ploy pPlager. A wilh ploy SIadeges A, and Ag Wn 92% ond 8% probobilty cospoofively Playert & om plog ercodegies b, ond by Sith 50% and 507%, nla of the. amd Vo. - 5x !4 13 Die BX ae + Tae = & al = fot 26 26 Vag - anl2 - CnVoli of tha gome ig positive hn2 6. Henee, playerc © fs Sho hogert. and Ployore A rs ha. gainer... T's +6 £a player A ond -6 fort. Ploagere e, Monginal. prof = (20-59) = 30 Marginal cost =Lose on unsold cases = (50-20) = 80 Probability No.of dae ” Fpdad no: ef Ses Total days = 120Poyroft Table Sf | Gea ol. yet | Gopeoed Raygehf nor 1B iG ¥ ips |G te 1B on 450 420 990 260 45 | At 32 36 IG 0-2 450 480 Y50 420.90 26 90 &4 'F 10-4 450 ago 510 40 | 190 192.209 19% I8 0-3 GBD 480 BIO By 195 Jaq 153 162 Expeeted monetary value. (EMV) 450 444 Yad 474 Among the EMV #486 ts the Righes!. Hens optimum quomtity to be purtahasced ig 14 eases of dhorittes every mortring ond priotit expected at 4K Jovel is £486.