Rolf Research Final

Republic of the Philippines
NUEVA ECIJA UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY

Sumacab Campus, Cabanatuan City
COLLEGE OF ARCHITECTURE
PAGLINGAP: Redevelopment of the Cabanatuan American

Memorial Park with the Integration of Biophilic Architecture
An Undergraduate Research Study
Presented to:
The Faculty of College of Architecture Nueva Ecija University of Science and
Technology
Sumacab Campus, Cabanatuan City
In Partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree

Bachelor of Science in Architecture
Research Methods for Architecture
Prepared by:
Rolf Deronn Ringor
BSAR 4-C
Submitted to:
Ar. Ana Roberta Burgos
NUEVA ECIJA UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE AND
Cabanatuan City, Nueva Ecija, Philippines
ISO 9001:2015 CERTIFIED
CHAPTER I
THE PROBLEM AND ITS SETTING
Introduction
As cities continue to develop and sprawl to accommodate increasingly
dense human populations, there is growing concern about the degradation of
urban green spaces. (Wu, 2010; Xu et al., 2018).
Urban green spaces such as public urban parks were designed to provide
large open green spaces within cities, which can help mitigate the negative effects
of industrialization. Most developed countries have recently realized the
significance of the multi-functional use of public parks in the sustainable
development of cities. Nonetheless, many public parks already exist in
underdeveloped nations but are underutilized or abandoned due to a lack of public
awareness, poor upkeep, a lack of security and suitable amenities, and a lack of
sports and social activities. (Abdelhamid & Elfakharany, 2020).
In Cabanatuan City, there are some known existing urban parks that can
be accessed by the public. The Plaza Lucero, on Del Pilar Street, Cabanatuan
City, The Freedom Park, on Burgos Avenue, Cabanatuan City, and The
Cabanatuan American Memorial Park (C.A.M.P), on Brgy Pangatian, Cabanatuan
City. Each park holds great historical significance that is valuable to the city.
However, despite this, not every park is well maintained and, thus, recognized.
An example of this
was the Cabanatuan American Memorial Park (C.A.M.P), located on Brgy.
Pangatian, Cabanatuan City.
C.A.M.P is a memorial park dedicated to the survivors of the Bataan Death
March and the prisoner-of-war camp (POW) in Cabanatuan City during World
War II as a remembrance of their courage and perseverance after what they went
through. Although the partial area of the memorial park is maintained, its public
park area for visitors is neglected; poor landscaping, and the lack of trees, thus
hindering the residents and visitors to experience a connection with nature. Due to
this, the value of the park was not well-founded. The public, especially tourists,
are not engaged to visit it because of the lack of public amenities and features that
the park should offer, such as recreational and sports facilities, event halls, public
restrooms, a landscape garden, shadings, and more. The structures in the park
have been partially destroyed and have not been restored. As a result of these
major problems, the park is not visually appealing.
These issues, such as the park’s absence of facilities and amenities,
unattractive aesthetical features, poor landscaping, and vegetation, and lack of
human-nature interaction shall be addressed to increase the resident’s engagement
to visit the park, thus, increasing the park’s contribution not only to the barangay
but also to the city itself in social, environmental, governmental, and historical
aspects.
The redevelopment plan “PAGLINGAP: Redevelopment of the
Cabanatuan American Memorial Park with the Integration of Biophilic
Architecture” is proposed to serve as a feasible solution to the identified
problems of the park. It aims to provide a public urban park that incorporates
biophilic architecture to increase the human-nature interaction that people can and
should experience in a green open space. It also aims to cater to the different
needs of every resident and visitor whilst preserving and promoting the cultural
and historical significance of the Cabanatuan American Memorial Park.
Statement of the Problem
Public Urban parks provide access to recreational opportunities, increase
property values, spur local economies, combat crime, and protect cities from
environmental impact. This study generally aims to determine the effectiveness of
the redevelopment of the Cabanatuan American Memorial Park with the
integration of Biophilic Architecture. Specifically, this study aims to answer the
following questions:
1. Why it is necessary to redevelop the Cabanatuan American Memorial Park
based on the quality of its:
a. Accessibility and Usability

b. Maintenance and Cleanliness
c. Landscaping and Vegetation
2. Would the biophilic approach for the Cabanatuan American Memorial
Park redevelopment provide solutions to the existing problems in the park
such as:
a. Absence of Facilities and Amenities
b. Unattractive Aesthetical features
c. Poor Landscaping and Vegetation
d. Lack of Human-Nature interaction
3. Would the execution of the PAGLINGAP: Redevelopment of the
Cabanatuan City Urban Park with the Integration of Biophilic
Architecture offer benefits to the residents of Brgy. Pangatian in the
following aspects;
A. Social
B. Environmental
C. Economical
D. Historical
Hypotheses of the Study
1. It is necessary for the Cabanatuan American Memorial Park to be
redeveloped based on the quality of its accessibility and usability,
maintenance and cleanliness, and its landscaping and vegetation.
2. The biophilic approach for the Cabanatuan American Memorial Park
redevelopment would provide solutions to the existing problems in the
park such as the absence of facilities and utilities, the unattractive
aesthetical features, and the poor landscaping and vegetation
3. The execution of the “PAGLINGAP: Redevelopment of the Cabanatuan
American Memorial Park” would provide benefits to the residents of
Brgy. Pangatian in the following aspects such as social, environmental,
governmental, and historical.
Definition of the Project
The project "PAGLINGAP: Redevelopment of the Cabanatuan
American Memorial Park with the Integration of Biophilic
Architecture" is a redeveloped and reimagined public urban park that
aims to cater to the needs of the public in terms of social, environmental,

governmental, and historical aspects. The park will offer multi-functional
amenities and facilities such as a function or event hall, an accessible
playground, sports facilities and courts, food parks, and more facilities that
are focused on solving the existing problems of the park and therefore
improving the park’s quality. The project will feature the integration of
biophilic architecture as the design concept to be used. The utilization of
this design concept was to improve the resident’s overall health and well-
being through the human-nature interaction in the park for each visitor, by
allowing a direct experience of nature in the built environment such as the
provision of plants, water landscapes, and any other aspect that provides
direct contact with elements of nature.
Goals and Objectives
The objective of this study is to come up with a feasible design
solution for the existing problems in the park. It will also improve the
park’s property values, boost local economies, prevents crime, safeguards
cities from environmental harm, and promote the historical significance of
the site to the public.
Furthermore, the research aims to address the following objectives:
1. To identify the current condition of the Cabanatuan American
Memorial Park
2. To investigate if the Biophilic Architecture Approach would provide
solutions to the existing problems of the Cabanatuan American
Memorial Park
3. To analyze the benefits of the execution of “PAGLINGAP:
Redevelopment of the Cabanatuan American Memorial Park” to the
residents of Brgy. Pangatian in the following aspects such as social,
environmental, governmental, and historical.
Scope and Limitations
Scope
This study will only focus on redeveloping the existing Cabanatuan
American Memorial Park in Brgy. Pangatian, Cabanatuan City. It intends to
provide architectural solutions that would solve the existing problems of the park
thus, making the park more beneficial to the people and to the environment.
Furthermore, the researcher aims to study how the integration and
application of Biophilic Architecture in the redevelopment of the park would
affect the park’s benefits to the public, environment, and government.

Limitation
The study focused on evaluating the results of the execution of
PAGLINGAP: Redevelopment of the Cabanatuan American Memorial Park with
the Integration of Biophilic Architecture opens a new opportunity to improve the
Socio-Economic status of the city and the Lifestyle of its residents. The proposed
project is limited to the vicinity of Brgy. Pangatian, Cabanatuan City. The
respondent’s profiles are limited to the barangay’s residents from teens (13 to 19
years old) to late middle age (45 to 64 years old). The data-gathering methods to
be utilized are surveys and interviews. The accomplishment of interviews will be
implemented through the utilization of phone audio recordings and video
recordings, using the interviewer guide, and the surveys would be implemented
both personally and online through printed questionnaires and Google forms that
contain the researcher’s questions.
Significance of the Study
The execution of the study entitled “PAGLINGAP: Redevelopment of
the Cabanatuan American Memorial Park with the Integration of Biophilic
Architecture” would be instrumental to the following;

To the community of Cabanatuan City.
The result and findings of this study are beneficial to the community of
Cabanatuan City as it would greatly elevate the Socio-Economic status of the city,
therefore providing greater quality of life for the community’s residents such as
better job opportunities, greater income due to the increased tourism, healthier
physical and mental health, and other opportunities that could further improve the
resident’s lifestyle.
To the administration and the regional authorities of the Philippines.
The redevelopment of the Cabanatuan American Memorial would pose an
opportunity for tourism growth, along with improved tax revenue and personal
income, increased standards of living, and more employment opportunities, thus,
providing another pillar of strength to the Philippine Government. Especially to
the National Economic and Development Authority (NEDA) through the
improved economic state. Department of Tourism (DOT), through tourism
growth. The National Commission for Culture and the Arts (NCCA), Department
of Education (DepED), and The Commission on Higher Education (CHED),

through the provision new learning opportunities the students, owing to obtaining
a better cultural heritage, and other private sectors.
To future researchers.
This research is prepared and developed to provide and serve as a
reference to future studies that correlate with the integration of Biophilic
Architecture.
Definition of Terms
1. Amenities – The additional useful features of the park such as playgrounds,
courts, benches, food parks, and more that focus on providing comfort to the
park’s visitors.
2. Biophilic – An Architectural Approach that focuses on how nature in any
form could interact with humans. It is usually done by incorporating nature
into establishments used by humans
3. Facilities – Places or Equipment that offer significant opportunities for the
visitors of the park of different generations with respect to their mental and
physical conditions to converge or bond.
4. Feasible- It is about how possible it is to do the proposed plan for the park
5. Integration – The process of incorporating the Biophilic Architecture
Approach to the redevelopment of the Cabanatuan American Memorial Park.
6. Landscape- The natural and physical attributes of the land of the park such as
the shape of the lawn, and placement of plants, bushes, and trees.
7. Lifestyle – The way how the residents of Brgy. Pangatian lives. Their daily
routine, habits, moral standards, and other attributes reflect their values and
attitudes.
8. Recreational – The activities that are done for the sake of enjoyment and
other mental, and physical benefits without force or under no obligation.
9. Redevelopment – The process of redeveloping the existing park into a better
version
10. Socio-Economic Status– The status of a person based on his/her income,
educational attainment, employment, and more factors that affect one’s ability
to afford to live.
CHAPTER 2: REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE
Introduction:
This section contains numerous reviews of the literature to better explain
the idea for the redevelopment of the park. The researcher used the results as a
guide to define the requirements of this project and developed new ideas and
methods in the design and preparation of this project.
Local Literature
Community life requires an urban park area. Public urban parks provide a
variety of activities and opportunities for nature-human interaction, as well as
critical environmental services for community health. Public open areas,
community services, and infrastructure make communities livable, safe, and
sustainable. However, the Philippines lacks public parks and open areas due to
government neglect. Parks and public open space laws do not require the creation
of more. Our unprecedented urban population growth and shifting demographics
are increasing the need for public open space for a variety of activities. Our urban
landscape is rapidly changing to accommodate this growth, but public open space
before all lands were built up is not being sought. Densities, urban population
growth, climate change, and resource loss make public open space more
important. (Assure Inc., Public Parks, and Open Spaces, p. 9)

According to Shish (2016), most of the current public plazas in the
Philippines are now slowly becoming underutilized, thus, ineffective as public
spaces. An ethnographic approach is used to determine how these spaces work
and analyze the behaviors of the users. Furthermore, his study attempts to develop
a system of indicators that can assess plaza usability that enables designers to
identify problematic plazas among the existing ones. Based on this consideration,
the results will lead to the development of proper standards for plaza design and
planning.
In the article of Lamudi, (2018), The Department of Budget and
Management calls the Green, Green, Green Program a “unique assistance
program that aims to make cities more livable and sustainable through the
development of public open spaces.” The 2018 state budget provided P2.58
billion. This program supports UN Habitat's call for 45–50% of city land to be
public space to reduce crowding. Such places improve livability, aesthetics,
health, and quality of life. 143 cities proposed funding for parks, plazas,
waterfronts, institutional areas, and streets. Landscape architects, urban planners,
and designers on the DBM Technical Review Team evaluate plans based on
accessibility, usability, ecosystem services, and administrative management. In
Cabanatuan City, "Heneral Luna" was highly acclaimed, and interest in visiting
Gen. Antonio Luna's betrayal and murder site has grown. Tourists who visit the
spot in Cabanatuan City are disappointed for they spot parked cars. This is why
Cabanatuan City plans to redevelop Plaza Lucero,
where that key historical site is. To honor our hero, plaza improvements will
include landscaping, pathways, a grotto with a pond, and lights.
The Department of Tourism expresses its complete endorsement of the endeavors
of the national parks and its affiliated agencies to sustain the tourism culture,
encompassing the persistent advancement of our parks, not solely in the National
Capital Region (NCR), but also throughout the Philippines. (Frasco, 2022). She
also added that parks allow us and our families to commune with nature, spend
quality time together, and tell us that no matter how busy life gets, we must
always take time to relax, unwind, and commune with the Earth. The 1st
Philippine Parks Congress, with the theme “Growing healthier, more livable cities
through urban parks,” brought together public and private sector stakeholders in
an urban park and green space development across the Philippines to establish a
national framework for urban park development.
As city dwellers seek areas to relax, socialize, and recharge green and
open spaces are in demand. The Green Spaces Project found that people use parks
and open areas to meet the people’s needs; to join and socialize, personal growth,
livelihood, and a safe, livable environment. Universal even as they reflect local,
cultural, and historical contexts. Green spaces in the metropolis are under threat.
Instead of parks, open spaces soon become parking lots or give way to the
construction of buildings and other infrastructure. But people’s need for these
places is still there,
and despite these constraints, cities and citizens are finding ways to create public
spaces for their own benefit. (Saloma, 2022).
According to Akpedonu (2019), Parks also serve as connections to our
environment, culture, and traditions. In some urban areas, urban green spaces can
function as potential heritage sites. The medieval plazas in Intramuros are an
example of a park with cultural and historical significance. On the other hand,
some can be transformed when historic structures are moved to a more
contemporary park, such as when the Quezon House was relocated to the Quezon
Memorial Circle.
Park maintenance and improvement is also an important discussion point.
Native trees and plants are also important factors in designing and maintaining
these spaces. It links the citizen not just to our natural heritage, but also to our
culture, history, and values. Buño (2019).
Foreign Literature
New forms of cultural expression and the fostering of stronger community
ties are made possible by open green spaces. In addition to improving mental
health, parks have been shown to improve sociability, which strengthens social
bonds. Additionally essential for their environmental advantages are public green
spaces. Urban trees assist in capturing carbon, lower levels of noise and air
pollution, and combat the urban heat island effect. There is proof that public parks
raise the value of nearby properties. Parks and other green spaces additionally
boost local retail businesses' economic activity. Libertun (2022).
According to the article of EarthShare, urban parks are crucial for
maintaining, and in many cases embodying, the cultural and historical relevance
of a city in addition to protecting the natural environment in densely populated
places. Urban parks may be a fantastic method to retain important historical
personalities, events, and eras in the memory of today's residents, whether they
are home to institutions that assist preserve a city's past or the land itself has
historical worth.
The challenge of biophilic design is to address these shortcomings of
contemporary building and landscape design by establishing a new framework for
the gratifying experience of nature in the built environment. Biophilic design
endeavors to create a modern built environment that promotes the health, fitness,
and well-being of humans as biological organisms. (Kellert et al 2008, Kellert
2005, Kellert and Finnegan 2011, Browning, et al 2014).

Kellert, S. and Calabrese, E. (2015) stated that biophilic design uses a
variety of design strategies, experiences, and traits. Specific building and
landscape use, project size, economic, logistical, and regulatory factors, and
societal and ecological conditions influence design application choices. Biophilic
design
requires following the above concepts. Importantly, biophilic design should never
be applied in a fragmented or disconnected manner. Instead, the various
applications should reinforce and complimenting each other to create an
ecologically cohesive whole.
The biophilic design includes three nature encounters. These include
room, place, and direct and indirect nature experiences. Direct contact with nature
in the built world includes natural light, air, plants, animals, water, and
landscapes. Indirect nature experiences include contact with a representation or
image of nature, the transformation of nature, or exposure to natural rhythms and
processes. Pictures and artwork, natural materials like wood furnishings and
woolen fabrics, ornamentation inspired by natural shapes and forms, and
environmental processes like aging, time, information density, and natural
geometries have all shaped human evolution. Finally, space and place refer to
natural features that enhance human health and well-being. Prospect and refuge,
organized intricacy, mobility, and direction-finding.

In this study, qualitative aspects of urban parks are influenced by nature
perception and sensation. This occurs in important places. This study favors
biophilic design. Biophilic means "love of nature" in Latin. Biophilia is humans
adapting to nature.
Biophilic built form and landscape design can reveal biophilic design's historical
significance. Biophilic design has two dimensions: the Place-based or Vernacular
dimension, which emphasizes local context, and the Organic or Natural
dimension, which incorporates nature into the built environment. Downtown, etc.
(2017)
According to Li (2022), the design and theoretical development of urban open
space entered a modern phase that was primarily focused on functional zoning
and regional specialization. However, the twenty-first century has witnessed the
emergence of urban open space design theories that emphasize emerging concepts
such as sustainability and human scale, as opposed to specific purposes and
functions. This study suggests that future trends in urban open space design will
gradually incorporate biophilia and explore the potential of biophilic design in
balancing urban ecology and enhancing people's quality of life. In addition, the
application of the biophilic concept as a design and renovation strategy for urban
park projects is novel, with few examples and inadequate theories and standards.
In order to address this deficiency and demonstrate the efficacy of the biophilic
concept, this study will introduce the existing basic principles of urban open space
design and classify them according to their functions, users, style, and
characteristics for specific research. Different functional zoning, connectivity,
social activities, human scale, amenities, and so on are derived from these
classifications.
Radha (2021) stated that one of the most significant impediments to the
positive experience of nature today is the prevailing paradigm of the design and
development of today's modern built environment. Beatley published his book in
2011 to broaden the scope of biophilic design beyond architecture buildings, sites,
and cities. Successful application of biophilic design requires adherence to certain
fundamental principles. These principles represent fundamental prerequisites for
the successful application of biophilic design:
 Biophilic design requires repeated and sustained engagement with nature;
 The biophilic design focuses on human adaptations to the natural world
that, over evolutionary time, have advanced people’s health, fitness, and
well-being;
 The biophilic design encourages an emotional attachment to particular
settings and places;

 The biophilic design promotes positive interactions between people and
nature that encourage an expanded sense of relationship and responsibility
for the human and natural communities;
 The biophilic design encourages mutual reinforcing, interconnected, and
integrated solutions.
Consequently, the primary objective of biophilic design is to create an effective
habitat for people as biological organisms inhabiting contemporary structures,
landscapes, and communities. Further, the biophilic design aims to preserve the
productivity, functionality, and resiliency of natural systems over time. As a result
of massive building construction and development, natural systems are inevitably
altered. As shown in Table 1, biophilic design should promote ecologically
interrelated design solutions at multiple scales, including distinct interior spaces,
the building as a whole, the surrounding landscape, the urban scale, and the
bioregional scale. Within a framework that relates human biological science and
nature to the design of the built environment, Browning et al. proposed fourteen
patterns of biophilic design. There are environmental, physical, and psychological
patterns among these. As shown in Table 2, Kellert and Calabrese introduced in

their book three categories of nature experience comprising 24 attributes and
experiences.
Scales Biophilic design elements
Building Green rooftops, sky gardens, and green

atria, rooftop gardens, green walls,
daylight interior spaces
Block Green courtyards, clustered housing

around green areas, native species yards
and spaces, low impact development
(LID).
Street Green streets, urban trees, vegetated

swales and skinny streets, edible
landscaping, high degree of
permeability.
Neighborhood Stream daylighting, stream restoration,

urban forest, ecology parks, community
gardens, neighborhood parks/pocket
parks, greening grey fields, and
brownfields.
Community Urban creeks and riparian areas, urban

ecological networks, green schools, city
tree canopy, community forests,
religious forests, and greening utility
corridors.
Region River systems/floodplains, riparian

systems, regional, greenspace systems,
greening major transport corridors.
Table 1. The biophilic design elements across scales
Direct Experience of Indirect Experience of Experience of Space and

Nature Nature Place
Light Image of nature Prospect and refuge
Air Natural materials Organized complexity
Water Natural colors Integration of parts to

the whole
Plants Stimulating natural light Transitional spaces

and air
Animals Naturalistic shapes and Mobility and wayfinding

forms
Weather Evoking nature Cultural and ecological

attachment
Natural landscapes, Information richness

ecosystem
Fire Age, change, and patina

of time
Natural geometries
Biomimicry
Table 2. The experiences and attributes of biophilic design
The conclusion drawn from the preceding is that, as the human race is derived
from nature, they tend to their origins. This disposition fosters their innate
appreciation for nature and natural order. Engineers and designers emphasize and
preserve this relationship by enhancing neighborhood aesthetics or minimizing
the visual impact of built environments. Therefore, biophilic design, with its
elements and patterns, may offer strategies for linking effective urban system
management with individual and collective human well-being.
According to Browning, W., et al. (2014), biophilic design patterns, while
informed by science, are not formulas; they are intended to inform, guide, and
assist in the design process and should be considered another instrument in the
designer's toolbox. The purpose of delineating these patterns is to explicate the
relationships between elements of the built and natural environments and the
ways in which people interact with and benefit from them. By establishing these
14 fundamental patterns, we aim to promote the widespread scientific study,
language development, and application of Biophilia in design.
Nature in space
1. Visual Connection with Nature A view of elements of nature, living

systems, and natural processes.
2. Non-Visual Connection with Auditory, haptic, olfactory, or

Nature gustatory stimuli that engender a
deliberate and positive reference to
nature, living systems, or natural
processes.
3. Non-Rhythmic Sensory Stimuli Stochastic and ephemeral connections

with nature may be analyzed
statistically but may not be predicted
precisely.
4. Thermal & Airflow Variability Subtle changes in air temperature,

relative humidity, airflow across the
skin, and surface temperatures that
mimic natural environments.
5. Presence of Water A condition that enhances the

experience of a place through the
seeing, hearing or touching of water.
6. Dynamic & Diffuse Light Leveraging varying intensities of light

and shadow that change over time to
create conditions that occur in nature.
7. Connection with Natural Systems Awareness of natural processes,

especially seasonal and temporal
changes characteristic of a healthy
ecosystem.
Table 3: Nature in space patterns
Nature in Analogues patters
8. Biomorphic Forms & Patterns Symbolic references to contoured,
patterned, textured or numerical
arrangements that persist in nature.
9. Material Connection with Nature Material and elements from nature
that, through minimal processing,
reflect the local ecology or geology to
create a distinct sense of place.
10. Complexity & Order Rich sensory information that adheres
to a spatial hierarchy similar to those
encountered in nature.
Table 4: Nature in Analogues patterns
Nature of the space
11. Prospect An unimpeded view over a distance for
surveillance and planning.
12. Refuge A place for withdrawal, from
environmental conditions or the main
flow of activity, in which the
individual is protected from behind and
overhead.
13. Mystery The promise of more information
achieved through partially obscured
views or other sensory devices that
entice the individual to travel deeper

into the environment.
14. Risk/Peril The promise of more information
achieved through partially obscured
views or other sensory devices that
entice the individual to travel deeper
into the environment.
Table 5: Nature of the space patterns
References:
ASSURE INC. (n.d.). Public Parks and Open Spaces - A Planning and
Development Guide. Retrieved from
https://chm.cbd.int/api/v2013/documents/9D0D456A-FAC1-9806-3B90-
21B37D4DEE5B/attachments/207967/Public%20Parks%20and%20Open
%20Spaces%20-%20A%20Planning%20and%20Development%20Guide.pdf
Shish, R. (2016). Improving the Design and Use of Public Parks in the
Philippines. Retrieved from:
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/313875117_Improving_the_Design_and
_Use_of_Public_Parks_in_the_Philippines
Philippine Information Agency (2022). Frasco eyes more urban parks in the
Philippines. Retrieved from: https://pia.gov.ph/news/2022/11/29/frasco-eyes-
more-urban-parks-in-the-philippines
Lamudi (2018). Taking a closer look at the Green, Green, Green Program.
https://www.lamudi.com.ph/journal/taking-a-closer-look-at-the-green-green-
green-program/
Ateneo De Manila University. (2019). Finding green space in out cities, for our
citizens. Retrieved from: https://2012.ateneo.edu/ls/ipc/news/features/finding-
green-spaces-our-cities-our-citizens
Kellert, S. and Calabrese, E. (2015). The Practice of Biophilic Design. Retrieved
from: https://biophilicdesign.umn.edu/sites/biophilic-net-positive.umn.edu/files/
2021-09/2015_Kellert%20_The_Practice_of_Biophilic_Design.pdf
Raza, S., Soemardiono, and Sunarti, E. (2020). Redesign of Urban Parks to
Improve Users’ Perception of Nature through Biophilic Design. Retrieved from:
https://www.scitepress.org/Papers/2019/85622/85622.pdf
Li, J. (2022). The design and renovation for urban pocket park based on biophilic
concept—A case of Larkin Street Park, Sydney, Australia. Retrieved from:
https://drpress.org/ojs/index.php/HSET/article/view/4103
Radha, C. (2021). Biophilic design as a new approach in urban sustainability.
Retrieved from:
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/355166172_BIOPHILIC_DESIGN_AS
_A_NEW_APPROACH_IN_URBAN_SUSTAINABILITY-BY-NC_40
Browning, W., et al. (2014). 14 patterns of biophilic design. Retrieved from:
https://www.terrapinbrightgreen.com/reports/14-patterns/
CHAPTER III
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
This chapter elucidates the methodology used to collect data from
various sources. It presents the respondents and location where the study will be
conducted. It also discusses every research instrument used in measuring the
identified variables of the current study. Furthermore, this chapter is used to solve
the research problem by using the best and most feasible methods to conduct the
research while aligning with the aims and objectives of the study.
Research Design
The proposed redevelopment plan "PAGLINGAP: Redevelopment
of the Cabanatuan American Memorial Park with the Integration of

Biophilic Architecture" utilized the descriptive research design method to
determine and illustrate the research’s entire process of collecting several
evidences such as factual statements and direct observations that justified the
proposed solution of redevelopment for the Cabanatuan American Memorial Park.
Research Instrument
The researcher used the Grounded Theory methodology to develop
theories from the answers of the respondents on the constructed research survey
questionnaire.
Research Survey Questionnaire
The research questionnaire was developed through the utilization of
Likert scale. It aimed to measure the respondent’s satisfaction to the different
qualities of the park through the 4-point satisfaction Likert scale; very satisfied,
satisfied, dissatisfied, and very dissatisfied.
The development of the survey questionnaire was divided into 5 parts.
Part 1 collects the respondent’s socio-demographic profile, such as name, age,
address, and more. Part 2 to 4 was based on the necessary qualities of a park such
as accessibility and usability, maintenance and cleanliness, and landscaping and
vegetation. Lastly, part 5 was a question if the Cabanatuan American Memorial
Park should be renovated.

PART I - Socio-Demographic Profile
Name:
Age:
Purok:
Have you visited the Cabanatuan American Memorial Park? (Yes / No)
PART II – Accessibility and Usability of the Cabanatuan American
Memorial Park (Very Satisfied, Satisfied, Dissatisfied, Very Dissatisfied)
1. How many times have you visited the Cabanatuan American Memorial
Park?
2. Are you satisfied with the location of the Cabanatuan American
Memorial Park?
3. Are you satisfied with the provided facilities and amenities on the
Cabanatuan American Memorial Park?
4. Are you satisfied with the inclusivity of the Cabanatuan American
Memorial Park in terms of its provided accessibility features?
5. Are you satisfied with the amount of allotted parking space in
Cabanatuan American Memorial Park?

6. Are you satisfied with the quality of the socialization spaces based on
the provided amount of park benches in Cabanatuan American
Memorial Park?
PART III – Maintenance and Cleanliness of the Cabanatuan American
Memorial Park
1. Are you satisfied with the current sanitation of the Cabanatuan
American Memorial Park such to its facilities and amenities?
2. Are you satisfied with the waste management system of Cabanatuan
American Memorial Park in terms of the provided number of
trashcans?
3. Are you satisfied with the quality of air in the Cabanatuan American
Memorial Park?
4. Are you satisfied with the maintenance of the Cabanatuan American
Memorial Park based on the changes on different features such as the
number of trees, added facilities and amenities, cleanliness of the site,
and more features that changed in the park from your first visit to the
latest one?
5. Are you satisfied with the water drainage system of the Cabanatuan
American Memorial Park?

PART III – Landscaping and Vegetation of the Cabanatuan American
Memorial Park
1. Are you satisfied with the sustainability of the Cabanatuan American
Memorial Park in terms of the materials used in designing its
landscape
2. Are you satisfied with the number of trees present in the Cabanatuan
American Memorial Park in terms of its provided shade structures?
3. Are you satisfied with how the Cabanatuan American Memorial Park's
historical significance is being preserved and portrayed in terms of
how well maintained the Historical Markers are in the park?
4. Are you satisfied with the Architectural Appearance of the Cabanatuan
American Memorial?
5. Are you satisfied with the overall landscape design of the Cabanatuan
American Memorial Park?
Population and Sampling
The sampling method used the Simple Random Sampling Method, in
which the residents of Brgy. Pangatian from teen (ages 13-19) to late middle age
(ages 45-64) was chosen as the subset respondents of the study. Each resident
within the subset respondents has an equal chance to be included in the sample.
Sampling Procedure
Population (N):
2000 subset respondents (teen (ages 13-19) to late middle age (ages 45-
64)) from Brgy. Pangatian, Cabanatuan City
Sample (S): ?
Margin of Error: (e): 5%
Research Locale
The research study was chosen to be conducted in Brgy. Pangatian,
Cabanatuan City. The location in which the existing Cabanatuan American
Memorial Park is located. This will add an assurance to the researcher that the
gathered information from the survey questionnaires were accurate, as the
respondents were from the same locale, it is likely that they have already
interacted with the park.
Data Collection Methods
The process of gathering the data holds significant importance as it
enables the researcher to establish a theoretical basis for developing conclusions.
The following research data collection techniques were used to collect the data
that would support the feasibility and basis of the study:
Internet
The researcher utilized variety of online resources to gather information
regarding the proposed redevelopment plan, the problem of the existing park, the
architectural approach, and other data that will aid in achieving the study's
objectives. The information is subjected to a thorough filtering process to ensure
that the gathered information will only remain factual.
Related Studies and Research
The researcher took in consideration the different information from other
related research and studies as they can provide insights into the
theoretical/conceptual background of the study and they can be the researcher’s
basis in developing the study.
Surveys Questionnaires
Through the development of survey questionnaires, the researcher
utilized the personal observations and first-hand experiences of the respondents to
gather data and then use the results as its basis on developing theories for the
study.
Observation
Fundamentally, the researcher analyzed the behavior of the people and its
surroundings in which they are investigating. In this case, the researcher went
multiple times to the Cabanatuan American Memorial Park to collect information
on the social norms and usage patterns of the visitors, this technique provides
information on how the researcher sees and observe specific things. It enables the
researcher to learn more in-depth regarding the problems that need to be solved
and the current condition of the park.
Data Analysis
The researcher used qualitative analysis that tends to answer the questions
“why?” “What?” and “how?”. Therefore, the answers to these questions are
frequently provided as text, stories, pictures, and presentations. The researcher

also developed a step-by-step approach for assessing the data collected, which
comprises the following:
a. Research Initialization
The initial phase of the research process entails problem identification,
which involves identifying the issues found in the Cabanatuan American
Memorial Park that can be addressed and solved through Architecture.
b. Data Gathering
The researcher collects various data and information from relevant studies,
research, online sources, surveys, and observations to address and provide a
resolution to the problem at hand.
c. Research Analyzation
Upon acquiring a sufficient amount of data and information, the researcher
proceeds to analyze the collected data. Consequently, it develops methodologies
for utilizing the gathered information that can be used in formulating design
solutions for the project.
d. Conceptualization
After the data has been gathered and analyzed, the researcher would then
conceptualize and brainstorm, hence, the provision of schematics or initial design

concepts that were generated in response to the issues imposed by the study. At
this stage, the researcher would have the capability to formulate initial design
solutions to the problems that were found in the study.
e. Design Development
This step requires the researcher to utilize the gathered data and formed
concept into a sketch design for the redevelopment of the Cabanatuan American
Memorial Park based on the identified existing problems of the park. This step
would test the research’s feasibility, hence the provision of other designs options
as the solution to the research’s problem.
e. Design Solution
This is where the researcher has the concrete design from the schematics
and preliminary design that were formulated. After the conceptualization and
providing schematic design, the application of a proper design solution is the next
stage. It will include providing solutions for the problems and issues that were
identified and aspects of the Cabanatuan Memorial Park that needed to be
improved and redeveloped. It is also where building codes, applicable laws,
design standards, and municipal ordinances were applied.

g. Evaluation
The researcher will examine the drawings that have been made to
determine if the concepts, design solutions, and design standards were applied and
met. The researcher will evaluate the possible problems and flaws of the design to
be able to provide revisions and alternative design solutions that can solve the
problems. The researcher will also examine whether the problems stated in the
research were solved.
h. Final Presentation and Analysis
At this stage, the researcher has finalized all the needed requirements of
the project, the researcher presents all the gathered data and findings that shows
how the researcher was able to solve the research problem through the conducted
research study.
Theoretical Framework
The Input-Process-Output model serves as the study framework utilized
by the researcher. The present study defines the logical procedures involved in
data collection, analysis, the conceptualization of the project, and the final result
of the investigation. This will help the researcher in establishing and following the
methodology required to complete the proposed study.
In Obtaining an overview of the current knowledge on the

topic using related literature and studies
Gathering data and information from the respondents
pu
Figure 1. Input – Process - Output
CHAPTER 4: ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN SOLUTION
In this chapter, the researcher describes the data that has been gathered
from the respondents, and shows the architectural solution needed in the
redevelopment of Cabanatuan City American Memorial Park (C.A.M.P.).
4.1. Results and Interpretation of Data
This section consists of the survey data collected from respondents. It also
includes percentage data visualizations in the form of pie charts.

Figure 2. Age
Figure 3. Purok
Figure 4. Number of visitors
The researcher has interviewed a total of 268, in which 220 respondents
has already been to the park and meanwhile, the other 30 respondents hasn’t yet.
Only the 220 respondents were allowed to push through the questionnaire, as the
researcher’s objectives only align with the residents who has already seem and
therefore can evaluate the park’s quality based on the statement of the problem.
Accessibility and Usability of the Cabanatuan American Memorial
Park (C.A.M.P.)
Figure 5. Frequency of visits
Figure 6. C.A.M.P’s location

Figure 7. C.A.M.P’s provided facilities and amenities
Figure 8. C.A.M.P’s accessibility features

Figure 9. Satisfaction on allotted parking space
Figure 10. Satisfaction on visitors on provision of benches

Fig 11. Summary of C.A.M.P.’s accessibility and usability quality
As seen in this pie chart, the summary of accessibility and usability of the
Cabanatuan American Memorial Park (C.A.M.P.) also appeared to be poor,
because 41% of the average respondents were dissatisfied. As shown in Figure 4:
C.A.M.P.'s frequency of visits, the majority of respondents 36.4% (80
respondents) visited the camp 2-3 times only. On Figure 5, the C.A.M.P.’s
location was poor, resulting to 44.1.% (97 respondents) were dissatisfied because
it takes them 6-10 min of walking to get there. Figure 6 reveals that 46.8% (103
respondents) were dissatisfied with the provided facilities and amenities, because
only 1 facility and amenity were presented in the park. In addition, respondents
were dissatisfied with the C.A.M.P.'s accessibility features, as shown in Figure 7,
where 50.9% (112 respondents) stated that the park has only 1 accessibility
features. Figure 8 shows that 44.1% (97 respondents) were very dissatisfied,
indicated that the there is no

allotted parking space in the park. Number of Available Benches on C.A.M.P was
satisfactory, resulting to 45.9 (109 respondents) indicated that 2-9 benches were
available for use in the park, as shown in figure 9. Therefore, using grounded
theory, the researcher concluded that Cabanatuan American Memorial Park
(C.A.M.P.)’s accessibility and usability features were poor.
Maintenance and Cleanliness of the Cabanatuan American Memorial Park

(C.A.M.P.)
Figure 12. Facilities and Amenities’ sanitation

Figure 13. C.A.M.P’s Waste Management System
Figure 14. C.A.M.P’s air quality

Figure 15. C.A.M.P’s Maintenance
Figure 16. C.A.M.P’s Water Drainage System

Figure 17. Summary of C.A.M.P.’s maintenance and cleanliness quality
The summary of Cabanatuan American Memorial Park’s (C.A.M.P.)
quality about its maintenance and cleanliness was also poor, resulting to 50% of
the average respondents were dissatisfied. In figure 1, 43.6% (96 respondents)
were dissatisfied because the facilities and amenities were rarely sanitized. Also
In figure 2, 40% (88 respondents) were also dissatisfied with the C.A.M.P.’s
waste management because there is only one trash can in the area. Furthermore,
43.6% (135 respondents) were dissatisfied with the air quality of the park because
there was a smell of vehicle smoke, based on figure 12. Figure 13 shows that 52%
(115 respondents) were also dissatisfied with the maintenance of the park for the
reason that they didn’t see any improvement in any aspect of the park since the
last time they visited. 49.5% (109 respondents) were dissatisfied with the drainage
system
of the park because it doesn’t work, as shown in figure 14. In all of the questions
above, respondents who were dissatisfied were dominant in the graph, concluding
that Cabanatuan American Memorial Park’s (C.A.M.P.)’s maintenance and
cleanliness was also poor and need changes and improvements.
Landscaping and Vegetation of the Cabanatuan American Memorial

Park (C.A.M.P.)
Figure 18. Landscape Materials

Figure 19. Number of trees on C.A.M.P
Figure 20. C.A.M.P’s Historical Preservation

Figure 21. C.A.M.P’s Architectural Appearance
Figure 22. C.A.M.P’s Landscape Design

Figure 23. Summary of C.A.M.P.’s landscaping and vegetation quality
In accordance with the last quality, the landscaping and vegetation of the
Cabanatuan American Memorial Park (C.A.M.P.) also appeared to be
substandard, for the reason that 35% of the average respondents were dissatisfied.
As depicted in Figure 15: C.A.M.P.'s landscape materials, the majority of
respondents, 41.4%
(91 respondents), were extremely satisfied due to the absence of plastic materials
in the current landscape. On Figure 16, the number of trees in C.A.M.P. was
satisfactory, so 55.5% (122 responses) were satisfied with the number of shade-
providing trees in the park. Figure 17 reveals that 41.1% (92 respondents) were
extremely dissatisfied with the preservation of historical markers due to their
infrequent cleaning and maintenance. In addition, respondents were dissatisfied

with the C.A.M.P.'s architectural aspect, as shown in Figure 18, where 46.8%
(103 respondents) stated that the park requires modifications. Figure 19 shows
that 45% (99 respondents) indicated that the landscape design was barely
noticeable in the final pie chart. Therefore, using grounded theory, the researcher
concluded that the landscaping and vegetation of Cabanatuan American Memorial
Park (C.A.M.P.) were also inadequate.

Figure 24. Number of approvals
This pie chart indicates that 99.1% (218 respondents) answered yes,
indicating that majority of the respondents agreed that the Cabanatuan American
Memorial (C.A.M.P.) should be renovated. The park’s quality in terms of
accessibility and usability is poor, as seen in figure 10 were 41% of average
respondents were dissatisfied. In the second quality about the maintenance and
cleanliness of the Cabanatuan American Memorial Park (C.A.M.P.), 50% on
average respondents were also dissatisfied. In the last quality, the landscaping and
vegetation results to .35% on average respondents were also dissatisfied.
Therefore, the Cabanatuan American Memorial Park (C.A.M.P.) should be
renovated and redeveloped.

4.2. Site Inventory
4.2.1. Site Selection
The process of choosing a site is a fundamental aspect of the architectural
investigation and holds considerable influence and importance in demonstrating
the viability of a project. The researcher chose to conduct the study in Cabanatuan
City, Nueva Ecija based on various factors such as geographical location,
historical background, availability, and proximity.
Site A
Figure 25. Site Selection – Site A
The site is located at Del Pilar Street, Cabanatuan City, Nueva Ecija. It has
a total lot area of 4,800 sqm. It is surrounded by 12 m RROW on all sides.
Site B
Figure 26. Site Selection – Site B
The site is located at Del Pilar Street, Cabanatuan City, Nueva Ecija. It has
a total lot area of 23,200. It is surrounded by 12 m RROW on all sides and
separated by three 6 m wide inside roads.
Site C
Figure 27. Site Selection – Site C
The site is located at Pangatian, Cabanatuan City, Nueva Ecija. It has a
total lot area of 35,000 sqm. It is along the 12 m wide RROW at the front and 5 m
access road at the left and rear side of the lot.
4.2.2. Site Criteria

Table 6. Site criteria

The researcher chose Site C since the table defines it as the most suitable site
among the others. Furthermore, Site C was the only one of the existing parks in
Cabanatuan City that was not well developed and maintained. Therefore, site C
will be the location of the project.
4.3. Macro Site Analysis
This part indicates the history and general data of the proposed site
location for the project, "PAGLINGAP: Redevelopment of the Cabanatuan
American Memorial Park with the Integration of Biophilic Architecture". It
concerns about the past and present situation of the city chosen by the researcher.
4.3.1. Physical profile
Cabanatuan, officially the City of Cabanatuan, is a first-class
component city in the province of Nueva Ecija, Philippines. It is located in the
rolling central plains of Luzon, drained by the Pampanga River. The city stands
14 kilometers (8.7 mi) southwest of the provincial capital, Palayan City, and 116
kilometers (72 mi) north of Manila. It is bordered by Santa Rosa to the
south, Talavera and Gen. Mamerto Natividad to the north, Palayan to the north-
east, Laur to the east, and Aliaga to the west. Its strategic location along
the Cagayan Valley Road has made the city a major economic, educational,
medical, entertainment, shopping, and transportation center in Nueva Ecija and
nearby provinces in the region, such

as Tarlac, Aurora, and Bulacan. It has also earned the moniker "Gateway to the
North."
4.3.2. Location Map
The researcher selected a probable site for the project, "PAGLINGAP:
Redevelopment of the Cabanatuan American Memorial Park with the
Integration of Biophilic Architecture" at Pangatian, Cabanatuan City,
Nueva Ecija.
Figure 28. Location map 1

Figure 29. Location map 2
4.3.3. Vicinity Map
The site is located at Pangatian, Cabanatuan City, Nueva Ecija. The
frontage is along the Nueva Ecija - Aurora road which is a 12 m wide RROW and
5 m access road at the left side of the lot. The site is near residential areas,
villages, school, and other facilities. The site was nearby to Bangad, Camp Tinio,
Cabu, and Palayan City, the capital of Nueva Ecija.

Figure 30. Vicinity Map (Pangatian, Cabanatuan City)
4.3.4. Geological / Geomorphic Data
The lands of Nueva Ecija begin in the southwestern marshes near the
Pampanga border. It levels off and then gradually increases in elevation to rolling
hills as it approaches the mountains of the Sierra Madre in the east and the
Caraballo and Cordillera ranges in the north. It is dominated by an alluvial plain
covering more than one-half of the province. The areas of high elevation are on
the northern and eastern boundaries of the Sierra Madre, Cordillera, and Caraballo
Mountains. The Sierra Madre constitutes one continuous topographic unit that
forms an almost north-south-trending block bordering the eastern boundary of the
province of Aurora. The alluvial plain is gently undulating towards the east and
rises abruptly to the Sierra Madre Cordillera.

The main geomorphological feature of the Central Plain is between the Gulf of
Lingayen and Manila, and this is where Nueva Ecija is found. The lithology of the
central plains is mostly composed of alluvium deposits formed by the Agno
River. The most dominant lithologies in the area are the Late Oligocene to
Pleistocene and quaternary alluvium deposited by the Agno River.
4.3.7. Socio-Economic Profile
Nueva Ecija's commercial hub is Cabanatuan. The city's metropolitan
region, which includes neighboring towns, is home to more than 640,000 people.
The city of Cabanatuan serves as a center for many people who commute during
the day. A million people live in the city throughout the day as a result. The
vibrant service and agricultural sectors in Cabanatuan, despite the absence of
substantial manufacturing businesses, propel the country's economy ahead.
The city serves as a key financial hub for Central Luzon, hosting a significant
number of banks, non-bank financial institutions, and the corporate offices of
some of the biggest rural banks in the region. The city is home to a branch of the
Bangko Sentral ng Pilipinas (BSP), which handles cash management and
operations. The 65 banks in the city had deposit liabilities of about 43 billion
pesos as of June 2018. More over half of the deposits in the province are
represented by this sum. Along with Makati, the city is among the most livable in
the nation in terms of banking accessibility.

4.3.8. General Climatology Data
Climate
Cabanatuan City experiences hot, humid weather all year round. The wet
season is cloudy, the dry season is partly cloudy. Over the course of the year, the
temperature typically varies from 70°F to 93°F and is rarely below 66°F or above
97°F.
Figure 31. Climate
City Temperature
The hot season lasts for 1.9 months, from April 4 to June 2, with an
average daily high temperature above 92°F. The hottest month of the year in
Cabanatuan City is May, with an average high of 92°F and a low of 76°F.
The cool season lasts for 2.5 months, from November 30 to February 14, with an
average daily high temperature below 87°F. The coldest month of the year in
Cabanatuan City is January, with an average low of 70°F and a high of 85°F.
Figure 32. City temperature
Rainfall
To show variation within the months and not just the monthly totals, we
show the rainfall accumulated over a sliding 31-day period centered around each
day of the year. Cabanatuan City experiences extreme seasonal variation in
monthly rainfall. Rain falls throughout the year in Cabanatuan City.
The month with the most rain in Cabanatuan City is August, with an
average rainfall of 14.6 inches. The month with the least rain in Cabanatuan City
is February, with an average rainfall of 1.2 inches.

Figure 33. Rainfall
Wind
This section discusses the wide-area hourly average wind vector (speed
and direction) at 10 meters above the ground. The wind experienced at any given
location is highly dependent on local topography and other factors, and
instantaneous wind speed and direction vary more widely than hourly averages.
The average hourly wind speed in Cabanatuan City experiences mild
seasonal variation over the course of the year.
The windier part of the year lasts for 5.6 months, from October 29 to April 16,
with average wind speeds of more than 6.1 miles per hour. The windiest month of
the year in Cabanatuan City is December, with an average hourly wind speed of
7.5 miles per hour.

The calmer time of year lasts for 6.4 months, from April 16 to October 29. The
calmest month of the year in Cabanatuan City is September, with an average
hourly wind speed of 4.9 miles per hour.
Figure 34. Wind
4.4. Micro Site Analysis
The proposed site, which is located in Pangatian, Cabanatuan City, Nueva
Ecija is a corner lot abutting 3 streets that faces northwest. It has a total area of
35,000 sqm. The frontage is along the 12 m wide RROW and 5 m access road at
the left and rear side of the lot. The project site uniformly slopes at 3% going
south east. Cool winds are coming from the northeast and warm winds are coming
from the southwest. Noises are coming from the vehicles passing by at the main
road, as well as vehicles from the access roads.

Figure 35. Site Analysis
4.5. SWOT Analysis
Table 7: SWOT Analysis

4.6. Architectural programming
4.6.1. Biophilic-Inspired Park Space Requirements
These are the space requirements for a Biophilic-inspired park according
to the standards of Biophilic design and the needs of the low, middle, and higher
classes in accordance with Advanced Sustainable Strategies.
Admin
Parking Area
 Public parking
 Pwd parking
 Bicycle parking rack
Park Map Display Area
Welcome Landmark
Public Restrooms
Gardens
 Rain Gardens
 Butterfly Gardens
 Landscaped Areas
Sitting/Resting Areas
 Gazebos
Landscape (Hardscape)
Promenades
Playground
 Kiosks
 First Aid Station
 Breastfeeding area
Courts
 Basketball court
 Volleyball court
 Tennis court
 Badminton court
Water Features
 Dancing fountain
 Waterfalls
 Fishpond
 Interactive water
Amphitheatre
Clubhouse
Pavilion
Food park
Great lawn
 Picnic areas
 Movable seating
Terminal
Utilities
4.6.2. Definition of Spaces
1. Promenade – or Esplanade is a long, open, level area, usually next to a
river or large body of water, where people may walk. In modern usage the
space allows people to walk for recreational purposes. It can be found next
to the entrance in most parks.

2. Bicycle Parking Rack - usually shortened to bike rack and also called a
bicycle stand, is a device to which bicycles can be securely attached for
parking purposes.
3. Park Map Display Area – usually located near the entrance before the
promenade along with the welcome landmark, but sometimes located at
the main lobby of the park administration area. A park map display can be
a huge wall showing the complete park map. Some parks offer digital park
map displays that are placed all over the park for assistance in navigation.
4. Welcome Landmark – a welcome landmarks comes before or beyond the
main entrance of the park. It can be an arch or a monument designed to
emit a welcoming aura to invite people inside the park. It is sometimes
found along with the park map display area.
5. Public Toilet - is a room or small building containing one or more toilets
(and possibly also urinals) which is available for use by the general public,
or by customers or employees of certain businesses. Public toilets are
commonly separated into male and female facilities, although some can be
unisex, particularly the smaller or single-occupancy types. Increasingly,
public toilets are accessible to people with disabilities.
6. Garden - is a planned space, usually outdoors, set aside for the display,
cultivation, and enjoyment of plants and other forms of nature. The garden
can incorporate both natural and man-made materials. This space is
located almost on all corners of the park.

7. Rain Garden - is a planted depression or a hole that allows rainwater
runoff from impervious urban areas, like roofs, driveways, walkways,
parking lots, and compacted lawn areas, the opportunity to be absorbed.
This reduces rain runoff by allowing stormwater to soak into the ground
(as opposed to flowing into storm drains and surface waters which causes
erosion, water pollution, flooding, and diminished groundwater).
8. Butterfly Garden – a place designed to create an environment that
attracts butterflies, as well as certain moths. Butterfly gardening is often
aimed at inviting those butterflies and moths to lay eggs as well. Because
some plants are not fed upon by adult butterflies, the caterpillar host
should also be planted for a bigger population of butterflies.
9. Rest/Sitting Area – also works as a meditation area. It is a place located
in a secluded zone far from or not visited by many people. It is where
people can rest and relax temporarily while navigating or strolling the
park.
10. Playground - is a place with a specific design to allow children to play
there. It may be indoors but is typically outdoors. While a playground is
usually designed for children, some playgrounds are designed for other
age groups. It is possible for a playground to exclude children if they are
below the required age for entrance. Modern playgrounds often have
recreational equipment such as the seesaw, merry-go-round, swingset,
slide, jungle gym, chin-up bars, sandbox, spring rider, trapeze rings,
playhouses, and mazes, many of which help children develop physical
coordination, strength, and
flexibility, as well as providing recreation and enjoyment. Common in
modern playgrounds are play structures that link many different pieces of
equipment.
11. Kiosk - is a small, separated garden pavilion open on some or all sides.
These are mainly used for sociopetal interaction and sometimes studying.
12. First-Aid Station - is a temporary facility (often a tent, table, or general
rest area) established to provide supplies to endurance event participants
or medical first aid and provisions during major events, disaster response
situations, or military operations. At the park, it is located near the
promenade and jogging track. Sometimes located near the entrance to give
assistance to persons with disability.
13. Water Feature - is one or more items from a range of fountains, pools,
ponds, cascades, waterfalls, and streams. Modern water features are
typically self-contained, meaning that they do not require water to be
plumbed in; rather water is recycled from either a pond or a hidden
reservoir, also known as a sump. The sump can either be contained within
the water feature, or buried underground (in the case of an outdoor water
feature).
14. Fish Pond - is a controlled pond, artificial lake, or reservoir that is stocked
with fish and is used in aquaculture for fish farming, or is used for
recreational fishing or for ornamental purposes.
15. Interactive Water Feature - An area where people can walk within the
water platform and interact with the waterworks that come from pipes and
valves underneath.
16. Amphitheatre - or amphitheater is an open-air venue used for
entertainment, performances, and sports. Amphitheatre is sometimes used
to describe theatre-style stages with spectator seating on only one side,
theatres in the round, and stadiums. Natural formations of similar shape
are sometimes known as natural amphitheaters.
17. Community farm - A community garden is a piece of land gardened or
cultivated by a group of people individually or collectively.
18. Great Lawn - is an area of soil-covered land planted with grasses or
(rarely) other durable plants such as clover which are maintained at a short
height with a lawnmower and used for aesthetic and recreational purposes.
Common characteristics of a lawn are that it is composed only of grass
species, it is subject to weed and pest control, it is subject to practices
aimed
at maintaining its green color (e.g., watering), and it is regularly mowed to
ensure an acceptable length, although these characteristics are not binding
as a definition
19. Picnic Area – a place where meals are eaten outdoors mostly by families
or groups. It can also be converted into a great lawn or be the great lawn
itself.
20. Moveable Seating Area/Storage – When the park gets too crowded or an
event is conducted in the park, movable chairs would be stored here.
Moveable chairs allow the park to be flexible in crowd accommodation.
4.6.3. Qualitative Analysis
Table 8. Qualitative Analysis

4.6.3. Quantitative Analysis
Development Controls
Table 9. Quantitative Analysis

Setbacks
Table 10. Setbacks
4.6.4. Bubble and Matrix Diagram
General Bubble Diagram
Legend:
DIRECT
INDIRECT ACCESS
Figure 35. General Bubble Diagram
General Matrix Diagram

Figure 36. General Matrix Diagram

Admin Building Bubble Diagram
Legend :
DIRECT
INDIRECT ACCESS
Figure 37. Admin Building Bubble Diagram

Admin Building Matrix Diagram
Figure 38. Admin Building Matrix Diagram

4.6.5. Schematic Site Development Plan
Figure 39. Schematic Site Development Plan

4.7. Design features and benefits
The execution of the PAGLINGAP: Redevelopment of the Cabanatuan
City Urban Park with the Integration of Biophilic Architecture offer
benefits to the residents of Brgy. Pangatian in the following aspects;
including the features like different facilities and amenities provided in
the design of the park.
A. Social
B. Environmental
C. Economical
D. Historical
A. Social
PAGLINGAP: Redevelopment of the Cabanatuan City Urban Park
with the Integration of Biophilic Architecture offers a variety of socialization
spaces and features, such as an amphitheater, clubhouse, pavilion, playgrounds,
and community space, to provide users with the necessary areas for human
interaction and socialization. They are gathering places for people of all ages and
socioeconomic backgrounds to interact, fostering a sense of community and
enhancing the quality of life.

B. Environmental
with the Integration of Biophilic Architecture also provides design features that
is beneficial for the environment, such as rain water harvesting, solar panels, use
of sustainable and durable building materials in construction, and also provision
of environmental space such as butterfly gardens, water features, courtyard
gardens, greenwalls, vegetated roof, etc. Using Biophilic Design can increase
biodiversity, reduce carbon footprint, and help conserve natural resources.
C. Economical
with the Integration of Biophilic Architecture includes food parks, allowing
various vendors to conduct food business within the park. Farmers in the area
were also given access to community farms, where they can cultivate their
produce naturally and sell it to consumers. Additionally, the park can employ
various individuals to perform maintenance duties. The park will provide locals
with employment and opportunities, enhance the economy of the barangay, and
contribute to the development of the city.

D. Historical
with the Integration of Biophilic Architecture will restore the existing building
in the park, enhancing their design to make them more appealing and enticing to
users. The historical markers and memorial monument will be preserved without
modification in order to protect and preserve the building's history as it has
evolved over time.

CHAPTER V: SUMMARY, CONCLUSION, AND
RECOMMENDATION
This chapter provides the study's summary, conclusion, and recommendations. In
summary, the findings of the study are presented in less detail. On the basis of the
findings, the researchers' conclusion and recommendations would contain
generalizations and other inferences. This chapter's primary objective is to
summarize the results of this study.
Summary of the Findings
Cabanatuan American Memorial Park (C.A.M.P.) is a memorial park
commemorating the bravery and perseverance of the survivors of the Bataan
Death March and the prisoner-of-war camp (POW) in Cabanatuan City during
World War II. Although a portion of the memorial park is maintained, the area
open to the public is neglected. Poor landscaping and a lack of trees prevent
residents and visitors from experiencing a connection to nature. Due to this, the
park's value was not validated.
The objective of this study is to come up with a feasible design solution for the
existing problems in the park through the integration of biophilic design. It will
also
improve the park’s property values, boost local economies, prevent crime,
safeguard cities from environmental harm, and promote the site's historical
significance to the public.
The proposed redevelopment plan, "PAGLINGAP: Redevelopment of the
Cabanatuan American Memorial Park with the Integration of Biophilic
Architecture," used the descriptive research design method to determine and
illustrate the research's entire process of collecting several pieces of evidence,
factual statements, and direct observations to support the proposed solution. A
questionnaire was utilized to determine if the redevelopment was necessary, and
once all the data from the respondents were gathered, the Grounded Theory
methodology was used to develop theories.
Based on the findings of this study, the park lacks environmental design features
and different amenities and facilities that are needed for the park to be useful and
functional for its users. The figures show that the change is necessary because of
the dissatisfaction of the users and that the existing park does not meet the
expectations for public use and recreational activities. The researcher found that
the project was feasible and significant, so immediate action was needed. With the
application of biophilic architecture, it would solve the existing problems that the
park is currently facing. It would give the park a new look with improved
functional and aesthetic features, with the integration of a human-nature
interaction design.
Recommendations
After the researcher finished the design for the redevelopment of Cabanatuan
American Memorial Park (C.A.M.P.), the researchers formulated the following
recommendations for future researchers:
1. Increasing the sample size and research duration to obtain more reliable and
representative responses.
2. The amount, order, and phrasing of questions in the questionnaire survey
should be carefully retested and adjusted to obtain adequate, reliable, and
objective responses.
3. Repeat the survey at regular intervals to collect long-term trends that can be
useful to future architectural research design.
4. Survey individuals before and after using the redeveloped park in order to
determine the impact of living in a biophilic context on health and well-being.
5. Technology is advancing, doing research on innovative biophilic design
features and sustainable building materials would be beneficial and useful for
future projects.
Conclusion
The researcher concluded that the Cabanatuan American Memorial Park
(C.A.M.P.) was dissatisfactory and poor based on the quality of its accessibility
and usability, maintenance and cleanliness, landscaping, and vegetation. The
proposed redevelopment plan, "PAGLINGAP: Redevelopment of the Cabanatuan
American Memorial Park with the Integration of Biophilic Architecture," will
help to solve these problems by providing necessary design changes such as
proper landscaping, the provision of different facilities and amenities, and the
transformation of a more human-nature design, making the park more functional
and attractive to the public once again.
"PAGLINGAP: Redevelopment of the Cabanatuan American Memorial
Park with the Integration of Biophilic Architecture" would help Brgy. Pangatian
in social, environmental, governmental, and historical aspects. The project will
provide a safe space for people to socialize and interact with the environment,
promoting stewardship and responsibility for both communities. The biophilic
design increases biodiversity, reduces carbon footprints, and conserves resources.
After the park is rebuilt, numerous stakeholders will invest, creating local jobs.
Finally, this endeavor will conserve the park's heritage for future generations.
References:
ASSURE INC. (n.d.). Public Parks and Open Spaces - A Planning and
Development Guide. Retrieved from
https://chm.cbd.int/api/v2013/documents/9D0D456A-FAC1-9806-3B90-
21B37D4DEE5B/attachments/207967/Public%20Parks%20and%20Open
%20Spaces%20-%20A%20Planning%20and%20Development%20Guide.pdf
Shish, R. (2016). Improving the Design and Use of Public Parks in the
Philippines. Retrieved from:
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/313875117_Improving_the_Design_and
_Use_of_Public_Parks_in_the_Philippines
Philippine Information Agency (2022). Frasco eyes more urban parks in the
Philippines. Retrieved from: https://pia.gov.ph/news/2022/11/29/frasco-eyes-
more-urban-parks-in-the-philippines
Lamudi (2018). Taking a closer look at the Green, Green, Green Program.
https://www.lamudi.com.ph/journal/taking-a-closer-look-at-the-green-green-
green-program/
Ateneo De Manila University. (2019). Finding green space in our cities, for our
citizens. Retrieved from: https://2012.ateneo.edu/ls/ipc/news/features/finding-
green-spaces-our-cities-our-citizens
Kellert, S. and Calabrese, E. (2015). The Practice of Biophilic Design. Retrieved
from: https://biophilicdesign.umn.edu/sites/biophilic-net-positive.umn.edu/files/
2021-09/2015_Kellert%20_The_Practice_of_Biophilic_Design.pdf
Raza, S., Soemardiono, and Sunarti, E. (2020). Redesign of Urban Parks to
Improve Users’ Perception of Nature through Biophilic Design. Retrieved from:
https://www.scitepress.org/Papers/2019/85622/85622.pdf
Li, J. (2022). The design and renovation for urban pocket park based on biophilic
concept—A case of Larkin Street Park, Sydney, Australia. Retrieved from:
https://drpress.org/ojs/index.php/HSET/article/view/4103
Radha, C. (2021). Biophilic design as a new approach in urban sustainability.
Retrieved from:
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/355166172_BIOPHILIC_DESIGN_AS
_A_NEW_APPROACH_IN_URBAN_SUSTAINABILITY-BY-NC_40
Browning, W., et al. (2014). 14 patterns of biophilic design. Retrieved from:
https://www.terrapinbrightgreen.com/reports/14-patterns/
Wikipedia (2023). Cabanatuan. Retrieved from:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cabanatuan
Weather Spark (n.d.). Climate and Average Weather Year-Round in Cabanatuan
City. Retrieved from: https://weatherspark.com/y/134970/Average-Weather-in-
Cabanatuan-City-Philippines-Year-RoundAsamoah, J. (2021). BEYOND
SUSTAINABILITY: BIOPHILIA AS A TOOL FOR REGENERATIVE URBAN
DESIGN. Retrieved from:
https://www.academia.edu/42321954/BEYOND_SUSTAINABILITY_BIOPHILI
C_AND_REGENERATIVE_DESIGN_IN_ARCHITECTURE
Hodni, D. (n.d.) A Proposed Biophilic Inspired Redevelopment of People’s Park.
Retrieved from:
https://www.academia.edu/31029139/A_Proposed_Biophilic_Inspired_Redevelop
ment_of_Peoples_Park_in_Davao_City
Appendices
Figure 40. Ocular inspection at the memorial monument

Figure 41. Historical markers of the park
Figure 42. Existing facility in the park

Figure 43. Existing accessibility features of the facility
Figure 44. Historical timeline of war happened at Pangatian

Figure 45. Names of Filipino soldiers fought in war
Figure 46. Existing playground in the park

Figure 47. Existing tables and benches
Figure 48. Existing trees and vegetation

Figure 49. A local answering the questionnaire
Curriculum Vitae
Name: Rolf Deronn G. Ringor
Address: Brgy. Pangatian, Cabanatuan City, Nueva Ecija
Contact Number: 09979936408
Email Address: Rolfringor07@gmail.com

Personal Information
Age : 23
Gender : Male
Birth date : February 7, 2000
Birthplace : Cabanatuan City
Civil Status : Single
Religion : Roman Catholic
Educational Background
Tertiary Education: Nueva Ecija University of Science and Technology
Address: Sumacab Este, Cabanatuan City
Course: Bachelor of Science in Architecture
Year: 2019 – present
Secondary Education (Senior Highschool): College of the Immaculate

Conception

Strand: Science Technology Engineering Mathematics
Year: 2017 – 2019
Secondary Education (Junior Highschool): College of the Immaculate

Conception
Strand: Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics
Year: 2013 – 2017
Elementary Education: College of the Immaculate Conception
Year: 2009 – 2013

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Republic of the Philippines

NUEVA ECIJA UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY

PAGLINGAP: Redevelopment of the Cabanatuan American

An Undergraduate Research Study

In Partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree

THE PROBLEM AND ITS SETTING

As cities continue to develop and sprawl to accommodate increasingly

dense human populations, there is growing concern about the degradation of

urban green spaces. (Wu, 2010; Xu et al., 2018).

of industrialization. Most developed countries have recently realized the

significance of the multi-functional use of public parks in the sustainable

development of cities. Nonetheless, many public parks already exist in

underdeveloped nations but are underutilized or abandoned due to a lack of public

sports and social activities. (Abdelhamid & Elfakharany, 2020).

Cabanatuan American Memorial Park (C.A.M.P), on Brgy Pangatian, Cabanatuan

was the Cabanatuan American Memorial Park (C.A.M.P), located on Brgy.

Pangatian, Cabanatuan City.

C.A.M.P is a memorial park dedicated to the survivors of the Bataan Death

major problems, the park is not visually appealing.

These issues, such as the park’s absence of facilities and amenities,

unattractive aesthetical features, poor landscaping, and vegetation, and lack of

human-nature interaction shall be addressed to increase the resident’s engagement

The redevelopment plan “PAGLINGAP: Redevelopment of the

Cabanatuan American Memorial Park with the Integration of Biophilic

Architecture” is proposed to serve as a feasible solution to the identified

and historical significance of the Cabanatuan American Memorial Park.

Statement of the Problem

Public Urban parks provide access to recreational opportunities, increase

environmental impact. This study generally aims to determine the effectiveness of

the redevelopment of the Cabanatuan American Memorial Park with the

integration of Biophilic Architecture. Specifically, this study aims to answer the

1. Why it is necessary to redevelop the Cabanatuan American Memorial Park

based on the quality of its:

a. Accessibility and Usability

c. Landscaping and Vegetation

2. Would the biophilic approach for the Cabanatuan American Memorial

Park redevelopment provide solutions to the existing problems in the park

a. Absence of Facilities and Amenities

b. Unattractive Aesthetical features

c. Poor Landscaping and Vegetation

d. Lack of Human-Nature interaction

3. Would the execution of the PAGLINGAP: Redevelopment of the

Cabanatuan City Urban Park with the Integration of Biophilic

Architecture offer benefits to the residents of Brgy. Pangatian in the

Hypotheses of the Study

1. It is necessary for the Cabanatuan American Memorial Park to be

redeveloped based on the quality of its accessibility and usability,

maintenance and cleanliness, and its landscaping and vegetation.

2. The biophilic approach for the Cabanatuan American Memorial Park

redevelopment would provide solutions to the existing problems in the

park such as the absence of facilities and utilities, the unattractive

aesthetical features, and the poor landscaping and vegetation

3. The execution of the “PAGLINGAP: Redevelopment of the Cabanatuan

American Memorial Park” would provide benefits to the residents of

Brgy. Pangatian in the following aspects such as social, environmental,

governmental, and historical.

Definition of the Project

The project "PAGLINGAP: Redevelopment of the Cabanatuan

American Memorial Park with the Integration of Biophilic

Architecture" is a redeveloped and reimagined public urban park that

aims to cater to the needs of the public in terms of social, environmental,

amenities and facilities such as a function or event hall, an accessible

biophilic architecture as the design concept to be used. The utilization of

allowing a direct experience of nature in the built environment such as the