RPH Notes

Introduction to History - Encyclopedia, almanac, Wikipedia,

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TOPIC 1
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Lesson 1: Introduction and historical sources
HISTORY

- Greek word Historia means inquiry

- based on past events
- interpreted by someone usually by Lesson 2: Historical Criticism
historian
- rely on data and documents
- study of historical perspective HISTORICAL CRITICISMS
- can be subjective
- Investigates the origin of a text or source
- like the Indian parable of an elephant and
- Seeks greater understanding of the texts
the blind men
- interpret facts and organize EXTERNAL CRITICISM
chronologically
- Tests the authenticity of the sources
- Interested in the writing styles of the eye
witness and hid ignorance of the facts.
SOURCES OF HISTORY
TEST OF AUTHENTICITY
Primary Sources
- Determine the date of the document to see
- Testimony of an individual who was a
whether it is anachronistic.
participant in or a direct witness to the
event that is being described - Anachronism- out of time or order
- Determine the author’s handwriting,
signature or seal
● Written Sources - Determining the authenticity of the source
by looking for the anachronistic style
● Numerical Records
- Anachronistic reference to events
● Oral Statements
INTERNAL CRITICISM
● Relics - Accuracy of the content of a document
● Images TEST OF CREDIBILITY

● Painting - Identification of the author, if the witness is

reliable
Secondary Sources - Determine the approximate date
- Its ability to tell the truth. Historians
- Interprets and analyzes primary sources
examine how near an eyewitness is to the
- Prepared by an individual who was not
event
direct witness
- The willingness to tell the truth
- Books and journal articles, histories,
criticisms, reviews, commentaries,
encyclopedias, and textbooks
Tertiary Sources

- Third hand information by reporting ideas

and details from secondary source –
prepared by an individual who was not
direct witness.
- Include potential for an additional layer of
bias
 RPH Notes
Juan Luna (1857-1899)
TOPIC II: Content and Contextual Analysis of
Selected Primary Sources
A. Background of the Author
- Researcher must provide brief biographical
sketch of the author
- Family background, educational attainment,
religion and many others
B. Background of the Document/Primary
Source
- How many parts or chapter
- Locate where the primary source can be
found
- Determine also the intended audience
- Look for the purpose or motive of the
source
C. Content Analysis of the Important
Historical Information Found in the
Document
- Look for corroboration
- Look also if your source agrees with
information from another source
- Look for bias
- Two kinds of bias: either it is strongly
positive (strongly in favor of) or strongly
negative (strongly against).
D. Contribution and Relevance of the
Document in Understanding the Grand
Narrative of Philippine History
- Look for the cause and consequences of the
primary sources. A cause is a person or
thing that makes something happens while
a consequence is a direct result of the cause.
E. Relevance of the documents to the
present time
- Look for the historical significance or what
modern people consider to be important
from the past.
- How to determine significance of the event?
We have to follow the acronym NAME or
Novelty, Applicability, Memory and Effect.
EXAMPLE OF CONTEXT AND CONTEXTUAL
ANALYSIS
Type of Primary Source: Images Painting- Juan
Luna’s The Parisian Life
Background of the Author
- born on October 24, 1857 in Badoc Ilocos
Norte
- third among seven children
- Juaquin Luna and Laurena Novicio why
- Bachelor of Arts in Ateneo de Municipal
- Marine Transportation (sailor) from
Escuela Nautica de Manila
- Drawing lesson from Lorenzo Guerrero and
Agustin Saez
- Married Maria de la Paz Pardo de Tavera
- Andres and a daughter Maria de la Paz (died
3 years old)- kill his wife and mother-in-law
- Gold medal from Madrid Exposition for his
Spoliarium
- After his death on 1904 The Parisian Life
won the silver medal at the St. Louis (USA)
Exposition
- Became part of a propaganda movement
- Jose Rizal and Trinidad Pardo de Tevera
- Went to Europe in 1877 and took painting
lessons in Escuela de Bellas de San
Fernando (Madrid) but dropped out to
work with the painter Alejo Vera
- With the opening of Exposicion National de
Ballas Artes 1878, his artistic talent was
established.
- Luna became engrossed in painting and
produced a collection of painting that he
exhibited from several expositions from
1881
- September 16, 1896, he and his brother
Antonio was arrested by Spanish
authorities for being involved with the KKK.
- Was pardoned by the Spanish court on May
27, 1897 and he travelled back to Spain in
July. In 1899
- Was appointed by the Malolos Republic as a
member of Paris delegation
- Back to the Philippines upon hearing the
death of his brother, Antonio
- Travelled to Hongkong but died there aged
42 on December 7, 1899 from a heart attack
HISTORICAL BACKGROUND OF THE
PRIMARY SOURCE
- Also known as Inside a Café
- 1892 oil on canvas painting that measures
22”x31’
- Made in Paris, France
- One of the last major works of Luna has
done during his post academic life in Paris
 RPH Notes
- Housed in the National Museum
- Provenance of Dr. Ariston Bautista Lin, one
of the three audience to the woman
pictured in the painting.
- Now owned by the GSIS (brought from
Christie’s Hong Kong in 2002 for Php
46,000,00m)
- The painting is for European audience
- Woman in the painting is a Caucasian and
this work of art belong to the
impressionistic movement originated with
the group of Paris-based artist whose
exhibition brought them to prominence
during the 1870’s and 1880’s
- Some interpretation points that the painting
is really for Filipino’s. The first owner of this
primary source was a Filipino and the
woman symbolizes the Philippines.
What is the motive of the painter?
- The year 1892 was the year when Rizal
went back to the Philippines to established
La Liga Filipino because he was
disappointed with the Propaganda
movement.
- Luna personal issue with his insulares wife
Paz. Soon after the La Liga foundation, Rizal
was arrested and deported to Dapitan.
- Must be affected by what happened t his
best friend and his disappointment with his
wife so that the subject matter of this
masterpiece must had been the result.
Content Analysis of the Important Historical
Information Found in the Painting
Contribution and Relevance of the
Document in Understanding the Grand
Narrative of Philippine History
RELEVANCE OF THE DOCUMENT TO THE
PRESENT TIME
- One of the products of the genius of Juan
Luna
- He was the Manny Pacquiao and the
Hidelyn Diaz of the 19th century
- Year of 1892 is one of the turning point in
our history
- Failure of the propaganda movement and
the establishment of the Katipunan are very
important in our history.
TOPIC III: One Pat but Many Histories
A. The First Mass Site in the Philippines
ANTONIO PIGAFETTA
- Antonio Lambardo or Farncisco Antonio
Pigafetta
- Famous Italian travler
- Join Portugues, Captain Ferdinand Magellan
- Trip to Maluku Island (formely the Molucas
or Spice Island)
- Has the most complete account of Magellan
expedition entitled Primo viaggio intorno al
mondo.
- Magellan set sail with 270 men and five
ships: the Trinidad (commanded by
Magellan), the San Antonio, the Victoria, the
Conception, and the Santiago.
- Pigafetta was one of the eighteen survivors
who returned to Spain aboard the “Victoria”
BLOOD COMPACT
- When Magelllan and comrades set foot on
the grounds of Mazaua, he befriended the
Rajah Kulambu of Limasawa
- To seal friendship with blood compact
- First recorded blood compact between
Filipinos and Spaniards.
- Gifts were exchanged by the two parties
when the celebration had ended.
- Magellan presented them with three gifts: a
bust of Christ as the Ecce Homo, an image of
the Blessed Virgin Mary, and the Santa Nino
as part of their baptism and strategic
alliance
- Kolambu on the other hand offered
Magellan a basket of ginger and a gold bar
which he refused to accept.
- According to Pigafetta, the first Mass was
celebrated on March 31, 1521, an Easter
Sunday.
- “Mazaua”
 RPH Notes
- Some say the venue is the island of
Limasawa in Leyte.
- Others, however, claim that Pigafetta was
referring to Masao the community at the
mouth of Agusan River adjacent to what is
now the city of Butuan.
● Bakit ng aba nadamay ang pari?
- May pinaglalaban yung pari yung Karapatan
nila bilang isang pari na magkaroon ng
katungkulan sa simbahan. Hindi nga lang
nagustuhan ito ng mga prayle like parang
lumalaban na ang mga Pilipinong pari laban
sa mga prayle. Kaya sila nadamay na kasi
nga nangyari yung filipino muntiny tapos
yun yung way para madiin yung tatlong pari
about sa usaping ito kaya rin sila nadamay.

LIMASAWA IN LEYTE
MASAO (Butuan)

NATIONAL HISTORICAL COMMISION declared Spanish Circumsta Filipino

Limasawa, Leyte as the first site of the first Version nces Version
mass in the Philippines.
20 January 1872 Date In the night of
B. The Two Faces of the 1872 Cavite Mutiny at 9:30 in the Happened 20 January
evening 1872
The Cavite mutiny led to the persecution of
prominent Filipinos; secular priests Mariano Native clergy: People Segeant La
Gomez, Jose Burgos, and Jacinto Zamora- who Jose Burgos, involved Madrid,
would then be collectively named Gomburza- were Jacinto Zamora, (clergy) Jose
tagged as the masterminds of the uprising Mariano Gomez, Burgos, Jacinto
Francisco Saldua Zamora,
● Sgt. La Madrid and several Mariano
- Member of known family other Filipino Gomez, P.
priests Regidor, Mendoza
● January 20, 1872 9:30 in the evening Antonio Maria Guevarra,
Joaquin Pardo Mariano Sevilla
SPANISH VERSION de Tavera, Feliciano
Carillo, Gervacio Gomez,
● Ginawa nung mga namumuno or yung mga
Pedro Sanchez, Ballesteros
Spaniards pinagpapatay yung kabilang sa Jose Mauricio de Jose Basa,
cavite mutiny. Ito raw yung way nila para Leon, Enrique (lawyers)
mapigilan yung cavite mutiny. Paraiso, Jose Carillo, Basa,
● Yung tatlong pari ang binitay. General La Basa, Pio Basa, Enriquez,
Crisanto Reyes, Crisanto
madrid miyembro ng prominenteng
Maximo Paterno Maximo
pamilya or kilalang pamilya sa pilipinas.
and several Paterno, Reyes,
Ang ginawa lamang sa kanya ay pinatapon
other Filipinos Antonio M.
lang sa labas ng bansa. Yung ilang mga
Sergeant La Regidor,
sundalo na nahuli pa ay pinagpapatay.
Madrid Joaquin Pardo
FILIPINO VERSION de Tavera and
others.
● Reason- inalisan ng benipisyo yung mga
Reasons of Harsh policy of
sundalo like na implement dun yung polo y ● Liberal
mutiny the despotic
servicio. Pinagmalupitan at inalisan ng ideas governor and
benipisyo kaya nagkaron ng pag aalsa. from captain general
Europe Rafael de
 RPH Notes
dissemin izquierdo the Marianas the
ated by abolishing Island and mutiny.
the their of suspended by
Sentenced with
illustrad privilege from the Audencia
execution
os exemption from the
studying paying annual practice of law. Causalities
● Membe
in Spain. tribute and
rendering ● Juaquin rs of
● Revolt to
forced labor or the
Pardo de
overthro polo. native
tavera
w the clergy
Spanish ● Antonia headed
rule to Ma. by
gain Regidor GOMBU
indepen RZA
dence ● Jose Basa
from
● Pio Basa
monarch
ial
control.
● Abolition
of the
privelage
s
enjoyed
by the
native
soldiers
and
laborers
of the
Cavite
arsenal
such as
exemtion
from C. Cry of Balintawak or Pugadlawin
paying - Sigaw ng Pugad Lawin
annual - Was the beginning if the Philippine
tribute Revolution against the Spanish Emphire
and - Originally the the term cry refrred to the
forced first clash between the Katipuneros and the
labor Civil Guards
(polo y - Also refer to the tearing up of community
servicio) tax certificates.
Sentence my Sentenced with Own notes from the discussion of ma’am:
execution: life
imprisonment ● Pugad lawin at balintawak ay lugar. Noon ay
● GOMBU hindi alam kung saan ba naganap yung cry
RZA ● Convin of pugad lawin-refered to the tearing of
ced community tax certificate or sedula.
Sentenced with
who
life ● Beginning of the Philippine revolution
particip
imprisonment at
ated in
 RPH Notes
- Pagkakatuklas ng Katipunan nung august - August 23, 1896
19, 1896-kaya natuklasan dahil yung mga 5. Gregorio Zaide
miyembro ay hindi nakatiis na sabihin sa - Balintawak
kanilang mga kamag anak na maaaring - August 26, 1896
nagsumbong sa mga prayle. 6. Teodoro Agoncillo (according to
● Talumpati ni andres bonfacio at pagpunit ng statements of Valenzuela)
- Pugad Lawin
sedula-hinahanap ng mga gwardiya sibil for
- August 23, 1896
identification siguro
● Nagkaroon ng iba’t ibang date kung kelan
**Hindi naman mahalaga ang mga kung saan ba
naganap ang unang sigaw saka yung place. ginawa at kung kelan nangyari. Ang mahalaga ay
- Ayon ay gulliermo masanghay august yung essense ng ginawa at yung mga sakripisyo nila
26,1896 sa bahay ni apolonio samson para tayo ay maging Malaya sa pamumuno ng mga
kabesa ng caloocan. Ang unang sigaw raw espanya**
ay sa balintawak -parte parin daw ng
-KEMD

caloocan naganap ng 9 umaga by andres

Bonifacio kasama si jacinto. Kinumbinsi
yung mga tao na sumapi sa rebolusyon.
- Ayon kay lutenant, naganap daw ito nung
august 24,1896 Caloocan
- Gregoria de jesus- asawa ni andres
Bonifacio august 25, 1896 Balintawak
Caloocan
- Julio nakpil- napangasawa ni asawa ni
andres Bonifacio august 24, 1896 lahat ay
sa caloocan
- Pio Valenzuela kanang kamay ni andres
nangyari nung august 23,1896 sa
tahanan ni juan ramos anak ni tandang
sora sa sitio gulod.
- Ang nangyari sa bahay ni samson ay pag-
uusap lamang.

DIFFERENT DATES AND PLACES OF CRY

1. L.T. Olegario Diaz
- Balintawak
- August 25, 1896
2. Teodoro Kalaw
- Kangkong, Balintawak
- Last week of August
3. Santiago Alvarez
- Bahay Toro, Quezon City
- August 24, 1896
4. Pio Valencia
- Pugad Lawin