EL 1 0 4 :

Children and Adolescent

Literature

Mod u le 1 : Hi st o ry of
Child r en ’ s Li t e r a tur e

Ma’am Janet
Subject Professor
 02
Mod u le 1 :

 ABC Book s
 Ho r nbook s
 Chapbooks
 First Picture
Books
03 Gene ral Objec t i v e s :
To u nderst and t he ear l y beginnings of
child r en ’ s li t e r a tur e .

Specific Objectives:
1 . Differ en t iat e t he featur es of the
earliest child r en ’ s li t e r a tur e books .
2. Create a video clip discussing the different
types of earliest children’s books.
2. Compo s e a minia tur e of a t lea st one of t he
ea r lie st child r en ’ s book s.
 04

UNIT INTRODUCTION

The ea r l y beginning s w er e r eco r ded

do w n f r om t he Anglo - Sa x on pe r iod u p
t o w ha t t he gene r a t ion belie v es no w
as r eali st ic li t e r a tur e .
 E a r l y Beginnings

As far back as the Anglo-Saxon Period, monks and other learned

men wrote “lesson books” for children. These lesson books were
designed for teaching. The first man to write lesson books for
children was Aldhelm (c. 639-709), abbot of Malmesbury Abbey
and Bishop of Sherborne. H is De Septenario , et De metris,
E nigmatibus ac Pedum Regulis contained the meaning and use
of the number seven in the Bible, riddles and puzzles in Latin
which children were asked to solve.
06 THE MEDIEVAL PERIOD

 By the 15th century, books on manners

and morals began to appear in England by 1 4 3 0 .

• One of these was William Caxton’s Boke of Curtayse

published about 1 4 7 7 .

• Another was The Babies Boke with subtitle

Manners and Meals in the Olden Times . This book
contains rules of behavior for boys who trained to become
knights during the age of chivalry.
 *Medieval: meaning
 medi-, meaning "middle", and ev-, meaning "age",
medieval literally means "of the Middle Ages". In this
case, middle means "between the Roman empire and
the Renaissance"—that is, after the fall of the great
Roman state and before the "rebirth" of culture that we
 call the Renaissance.
 After the fall of Rome, no single state or government
united the people who lived on the European continent.
Instead, the Catholic Church became the most powerful
institution of the medieval period. Kings, queens and
other leaders derived much of their power from their
alliances with and protection of the Church.

https://www.google.com/search?q=medieval+period+meaningh&rlz=1C1UEAD_enPH982PH984&oq=medieval+period+meaningh&aqs=
chrome..69i57j0i13i131i433i512j0i13i512l8.7943j0j7&sourceid=chrome&ie=UTF-8
-JDF
ABC BOOKS
07

 In the 17th century, A B C books or primers

appeared.
• They were so called because they were used at
the hour of prime as a book of private devotions
in the Angelican Church.
• Henry VIII had ordered the printing of both
Catholic Protestant primers that contained the
alphabet and Christian principles.
Thus, the term primer came to be applied to
all the first books for children in school.
HORNBOOK 08

A hornbook is a book that serves as a primer for study. The

hornbook originated in England as long ago as 1450, or earlier.
The term has been applied to a few different students’ materials in
different fields. In children's education, in the years before
educational materials were used, it referred to a leaf or page
displaying the alphabet , religious materials etc., covered with a
transparent sheet of horn (or mica ) and attached to a frame
provided with a handle.
Capital letters followed by vowels and their combinations with
consonants were printed across the top. The Lord’s prayer was
printed at the bottom. The paper used for this was covered with a
transparent horn, hence the name “ hornbook ”. These books could
be hung around the necks of children.
 CHAPBOOK

- A small book or pamphlet containing poems, ballads, stories, or religious tracts. The
term is still used today to refer to short, inexpensive booklets. The context it is being
used in is that of the Early Modern period in England.
- Chapbooks were small, cheaply produced books, most often octavo (a size of book page
that results from folding each printed sheet into eight leaves (sixteen pages)) or duodecimo ( a size of book
page that results from the folding of each printed sheet into 12 leaves (24 pages)) printings of twenty-
four pages, sold without a cover. Pamphlets were similar to chapbooks, but they can
be divided by their content. Pamphlets generally concerned matters of the day, such
as politics, religion, or current events. Chapbooks were timeless books of jest and
tales that often sprang out of folklore.
 CHAPBOOK

- Chapbooks were so called because they were sold by peddlers known as chapmen.
Chap comes from the Old English for trade, so a chapman was literally a dealer
who sold books.

* Chapmen would carry boxes containing the conveniently sized editions, either in
town on street corners, or traveling through the countryside. They typically sold
their wares for twopence or threepence, and stocked a large variety of titles.

- romantic tales
Among the types of content contained in chapbooks were
of chivalry, religious and moral instruction, cookbooks,
guides to
fortune telling and magic, and bawdy stories full of
innuendo.
 11

Chapmen traveled through England as early as the 1570s (Watt) selling books to
whoever they could. Chapbooks followed broadsides as early print products for people
of lesser means and learning than the wealthy.

Broadsides represented print for the semi-literate.

Two main forms of broadsides:

1. ballads, and
2. Pictures.
*Neither of which depended heavily on reading.
Ballads would be bought and sung by musicians who could read. People who heard the
songs might repeat them in alehouses or inns, relying on memory. In this way the songs
could change into new songs which would later be transcribed, or devolved into a
meaningless jumble of words.
 11

Broadsides

Broadsides containing large woodcuts were also popular. They typically featured
some sort of moral lesson or biblical saying. Even those who could not read at all
could make use of these broadsides by hanging them on the wall. The one line or so of
text could be remembered or inferred from the picture.
FIRST PICTURE
• A pic tur e book combines visual and
BOOK verbal narratives in a book format,
most often aimed at young children.
• With the narrative told primarily
through text, they are distinct from
comics, which do so primarily through
sequential images.
• The images in picture books are
commonly produced in a range of
media, such as oil paints, acrylics,
watercolor, and pencil, among others.
 ORBIS PICTUS, OR ORBIS SENSUALIUM PICTUS

(Visible Wo r ld in Pictures), i s a t e xt book fo r child r en wr i tt en

b y C zech ed uca t o r John Amo s Comeni us , a Moravian philosopher,
and p u bli s hed in 1658 . I t was t he fi rst w idel y us ed child r en 's
t e xt book w i t h pic tur e s , p u bli s hed fi rst in Latin and Ge r man and
la t e r rep u bli s hed in man y European languages. The r e v ol ut iona ry
book q u ickl y s p r ead a r o u nd E ur ope and became t he defining
child r en 's t e xt book fo r cen tur ie s .
 13

1 7 t h CENTURY AND 1 8 t h CENTURY BOOKS

This version of Isaac Watts’ “Di v ine and Mo r al

Songs fo r Child r en” was published by Flagg and
The Ba tt ledo r e (1746-1770)
Gould of Andover, Massachusetts for the American
succeeded the Hornbook.
Tract Society around 1827. The bound quarto
belonged to John Howard Copp (1818-1880) when he
was nine years old. This is a smaller pamphlet version Ba tt ledo r e s are palm-sized
of Watt’s book that contained about 30 of the booklets that taught the alphabet
original 100 songs. Isaac Watts was a well-known by using words and sometimes
pictures.
hymn writer of the age, often called the “Father of
English Hymnody,” and his most popular hymns are
still sung today.
 John Ne w be rry Era, known as the
Father of Children’s Literature was a
writer and publisher who first thought of
publishing books solely for children He
JOHN published the “Li tt le Pretty Pocket
Book in 1744; this is the only book
NEW BERRY ERA which was truly called as a child’s book.
He also published a collection of
( 1 7 1 3 - 1767) nursery rhymes and called it “Mo t he r
Goose Melod y .” An award for most
distinguished children’s book. The
Newberry Award was named after him.
 The Didac t ic Period Jean Jacq u e s Rousseau
(1712-1778)
 Jean-Jacques Rosseau was a Genevan philosopher, writer and
composer.
 His political philosophy influenced the progress of the Enlightenment
throughout Europe.
 His work Emile embodied the philosophy that children be given the
freedom to develop their natural interests and learn from actual
experience.
 He advocated that children be taught about the real things and the
world in which they live.
 The Didactic Period: Jean Jacques Rousseau
(1712-1778)

 Another writer was Thoma s Day who published

“Hi st o ry of Sanford and Me rt on,” a story about a good little boy
and his teacher and both tried to reform a bad boy. The Peter
Parley books were informational books about countries of the
world, about the wonders of Science and about historical figures.
 03

THE RETURN OF FAIRY TALES OLD AND NEW

The influence of Didacticism was unable to control permanently children’s love for fairy
tales. The publication of Grimm’s Fairytales revived the interest for the imaginative stories.
Grimms' Fairy Tales, originally known as the Children's and Household Tales (German:
Kinder- und), is a collection of fairy tales by the Grimm brothers or "Brothers Grimm", Jacob
and Wilhelm, first published on 20 December 1812. The first edition contained 86 stories,
and by the seventh edition in 1857, had 210 unique fairy tales.
 THE RETURN OF FAIRY TALES OLD AND NEW
03

Another writer and publisher was Hans Christian Andersen .

His fairy tales, consisting of 156 stories across nine volume were translated into
more than 125 languages. They have become culturally embedded in the West's
collective consciousness, readily accessible to children, but presenting lessons of
virtue and resilience in the face of adversity for mature readers as well. His most
famous fairy tales include "The Emperor's New Clothes," "The Little Mermaid,"
"The Nightingale," "The Steadfast Tin Soldier", "The Red Shoes", "The Princess
and the Pea," "The Snow Queen," "The Ugly Duckling," "The Little Match Girl,"
and "Thumbelina." His stories have inspired ballets, plays, and animated and live-
action films.[4] One of Copenhagen's widest and busiest boulevards, skirting
Copenhagen City Hall Square at the corner of which Andersen's larger-than-life bronze
statue sits, is named “H.C. Andersens Boulevard”.
 REALISTIC LITERATURE
Realistic fiction
 is a genre consisting of stories that could
have actually occurred to people or animals
in believable setting.
 These stories resemble real life and fictional
characters within ,
 these stories react similarly to real "people.
 Stories that are classified as realistic fiction
have plots that highlight social or personal
events or issues that mirror contemporary
life, such as falling in love, marriage, finding
a job, divorce, alcoholism, etc.
 They depict our world and our society.
 CHARACTERISTICS OF REALISTIC FICTION

1. Realistic fiction stories tend to take place in the present or recent

past.
2. Characters are involved in events that could happen.
3. Characters live in places that could be or are real.
4. The characters seem like real people with real issues solved in a
realistic way (so say goodbye to stories containing vampires,
werewolves, sorcerers, dragons, zombies, etc.).
5. The events portrayed in realistic fiction conjure questions that a
reader could face in everyday life
 Do this:

Ac t i v i ty 1 :
Open t he link belo w and watch
t he v ideo clip Child r en ’ s
Lit e r a tur e Video
h tt p s ://www . youtu be.com/wat
ch ?v = e r AfS -ak uE w
Ac t i v i ty 2:
In pair , create a v ideo
clip dis c uss ing t he
diffe r en t ty pe s of ea r lie st
child r en ’ s book s.
 ACTIVITY 3
Di r ec t ion s : An sw e r t he follo w ing q u e st ion s . W r i t e
____ 3 . Wha t make s chapbook diffe r en t f r om
t he le tt e rs t ha t co rr e s pond t o y o ur an sw er on t he
ho r nbook
blank s p r o v ided fo r :
A. Ho r nbook come s f r om animal
____ 1 . The book s us ed b y t he monk s d ur ing t he B.Chapbook con s i sts of poem s , ballad s o r
Anglo Saxon pe r iod r eligio us tr ack s
C.Chapbook s are wr i tt en b y monk s and are s old
A. Chapbook C. le ss on book s cheape r
B. Ho r nbook s D. new li t e r a tur e book s D. Ho r nbook s con t ain ABCs
_ _ _ _ 4 . Wh y doe s pic tur e book become pop u la r ?
_ _ _ _ 2 . Caxton’s book abo ut le ss on s and mo r al s A.Because t he images are p r od u ced in media ,
su ch as oil pain ts
A. ABC book C. Mo r ali ty Book
B.Because ill ustr a t ion s cap tur e t he in t e r e st of
B. Mo r al y e c urt a yse D. Book of C urt a ys e
all r eaders.
book s C.The colo rs are tru l y enligh tening , t h us t he
ill ustr a t ion s give life t o animal s .
D. All of t he above.
 _____ 7 . The fa t he r of child ren’s li t e r a tur e
_____ 5 . The fi rst t e xt book fo r child r en A. Allan Dev in C. Vic t o r Copenhagen John
A. Di v ini ty of Good Child r en on Ea rt h B. Ne w be rry Era D. Mile s Steeve
B. Kindne ss Prevails Against E v il Deeds
C. O r bi s Sen su ali um Pic tus ____ 8 . Ho w does Emile infl u ence the enligh tenmen t
D. Pic tus Sensuliada de Mo r ale t h r o u gho ut E ur ope ?

_____ 6 . Which of t he follo w ing de sc r ibe s t he
Ba tt ledo r e ?
A.I t p r e s en ts t he alphabe t b y us ing w o r d s and
s ome t ime s pic tur e s
B.I t p r e s en ts t he alphabe t b y us ing sy mbol s t ha t
are catchy.
C.I t make s t he child r en enjo y r eading t he book s
and t hei r con t ent.
D.I t i s easier fo r t he pa r en ts t o teach t he book s
of pic tur e .
A.The way i ts relevance on giving the child r en t o enjo y
f r eedom and de v elop t hei r na tur al in t e r e sts and lea r n
f r om actual experience.
B. The way i ts v alues are u nde rst ood b y all men, that i s
no t t o do the unaccep table and appl y v alu e s in e v e ry da y
tasks.
C.When child r en are ta ugh t t o r e s pect t hei r pa r en ts ,
r ela tiv e s, and o t he r elde rs at home and in the place
w he r e the y belong .
D. None of the above.

____ 9 . The p u bli s he r and wr i t e r of Fai ry Tales,
o r iginall y kno w n as t he Child r en 's and
Ho us ehold Tales
A. Jacob G r imm and Wilhelm G r imm
B. Jo s eph Greene and Ja s pe r Greene
C. J u lian Ga rt en and Noelle Ga rt en
D. Roman Campman and Cal v in Campmann
Ac t i v i ty 4
Dir ection s : Open the link belo w and w a tch the
v ideo clip , t hen compo s e a minia tur e of at lea st
one of the ea r lie st child r en ’ s book s
Link : Be Kind | A Child r en 's Story abo ut
t hing s tha t ma tt e r
h ttps :// www . y outu be. com / w atch?v =kAo
4 - 2UzgPo

_____ 10 . Wh y are t he w o r k s of Ande rsen

famo us ?
A.Because t he y are w o rt h r emembe r ing ,
cha racters are r eali stic.
B.Because t he y are p r e s en t ing le ss on s of v i rtu e
and r e s ilience in t he face of ad v e rs i ty
C.Because t he y are tru l y engaging, t he r e i s
d y nami s m and ac tions.
D. The y are s impl y u niq u e .
 11

TH ANK
YOU!