Test Bank Biology Hardcover 10th Edition Raven Johnson Mason

Test Bank Biology Hardcover 10th Edition Raven Johnson Mason
Test Bank Biology Hardcover 10th Edition Raven

Johnson Mason
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Chapter 07 - How Cells Harvest Energy
Chapter 07
How Cells Harvest Energy
Multiple Choice Questions
1. Organisms that can manufacture their own chemical energy are called ____________.
A. autotrophs
B. heterotrophs
C. oligotrophs
D. chemotrophs
Blooms Level: 1. Remember

General LO: Apply scientific principles to energy, matter, and information transformations in
biological systems.
Section: 07.01 Overview of Respiration
Topic: Cellular Respiration
2. Organisms that depend on the energy stored in chemical bonds by other organisms for their
food energy are called ____________.
A. Autotrophs
B. Heterotrophs
C. Oligotrophs
D. Chemotrophs

biological systems.
7-1
© 2014 by McGraw-Hill Education. This is proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in
any manner. This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part
3. In animals that take in oxygen from their environment, glucose is broken down into carbon
dioxide and water in a process called:
A. Anaerobic respiration
B. Organic compound respiration
C. Glucose respiration
D. Aerobic respiration

LO: 07.08.01 Compare anaerobic and aerobic respiration.
Section: 07.08 Oxidation Without O2
4. In glycolysis, a major portion of the energy remains in the final product, which is called:
A. Glucose
B. Citrate
C. Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate (G3P)
D. Pyruvate

LO: 07.02.01 Describe the process of glycolysis.
Section: 07.02 Glycolysis: Splitting Glucose
5. One way to generate acetyl-CoA is to convert pyruvate into acetyl-CoA by stripping off a
C02 molecule. The removal of CO2 is referred to as what type of reaction?
A. Decarboxylation
B. Glycolytic
C. Carboxylation
D. Acetylation

LO: 07.03.01 Diagram how the oxidation of pyruvate links glycolysis with the Krebs cycle.
Section: 07.03 The Oxidation of Pyruvate to Produce Acetyl-CoA
7-2
6. All of the reactions of cellular respiration that occur after glycolysis take place in what part
of the eukaryotic cell?
A. The chloroplast
B. The nucleus
C. The mitochondria
D. The plasma membrane
E. The cytoplasm

biological systems.
7. What must happen to amino acids before they can be used in catabolic reactions?
A. They must be decarboxylated
B. They must be deoxygenated
C. They must be dehydrogenated
D. They must be deaminated

LO: 07.09.01 Identify the entry points for proteins and fats in energy metabolism.
Section: 07.09 Catabolism of Proteins and Fats
7-3
8. Many types of cancer cells have been detected to secrete significant levels of lactate. Do
you think these cells are likely undergoing beta-oxidation?
A. Yes, because beta-oxidation can generate intermediates that would lead to the production
of lactate.
B. No, because if lactate is being produced, the cell is not likely making use of the pathways
needed to make use of the products of beta-oxidation.
C. Yes, because lactate stimulates beta-oxidation.
D. No, because lactate is consumed in beta-oxidation
The Warburg effect was discovered by Otto Warburg. Through his observations and many
subsequent observations by other scientists, it has been seen that many cancer cells produce
their energy primarily through use of the glycolytic pathway coupled with lactic acid
(lactate) fermentation. If lactate is being produced, that suggests that these cells are not
making use of the Krebs cycle, and/or electron transport chain. This is because they are
utilizing fermentation to regenerate NAD+, instead of making use of the electron transport
chain. Since beta-oxidation generates acetyl-CoA, which can only be used in the Krebs cycle,
the observation that these cells are generating lactate suggests that they are not undergoing
beta-oxidation. Beta-oxidation does not lead to the generation of intermediates that can lead
to the production of lactate, nor does lactate stimulate beta oxidation, and lactate is not
consumed through the process of beta-oxidation.
Blooms Level: 4. Analyze

9. What stage of cellular respiration can occur in human cells with or without oxygen
present?
A. The Krebs cycle
B. Glycolysis
C. The electron transport chain
D. Pyruvate oxidation
Blooms Level: 2. Understand

LO: 07.02.03 Distinguish between aerobic respiration and fermentation.
7-4
10. When oxygen is unavailable during heavy exercise what process do muscle cells use for
energy generation?
A. Glycolysis coupled with alcohol fermentation
B. Anaerobic respiration
C. Aerobic respiration
D. Glycolysis coupled with lactate fermentation

LO: 07.08.02 Distinguish between fermentation and anaerobic respiration.
11. What oxidizing agent is used to temporarily store high energy electrons harvested from
glucose molecules in a series of gradual steps in the cytoplasm?
A. FADH2
B. ADP
C. NAD+
D. Oxygen

LO: 07.01.02 Explain the role of electron carriers in energy metabolism.
12. It is thought that the oldest stage of cellular respiration from an evolutionary perspective
is:
A. The Krebs cycle
B. The electron transport chain
C. Fermentation
D. Glycolysis

LO: 07.10.01 Describe one possible hypothesis for the evolution of metabolism.
Section: 07.10 Evolution of Metabolism
7-5
13. A human cell has a mutation in the gene that encodes the enzyme that generates lactate
from pyruvate, rendering that enzyme completely non-functional. Assuming that there is
ample glucose present, how would this cell generate energy in the presence of oxygen?
A. Glycolysis coupled with ethanol fermentation
B. Aerobic respiration
C. Primarily through the break down of proteins into amino acids
D. This cell would have no way to generate energy under these conditions because it cannot
carry out the reactions needed for glycolysis
If oxygen is present, these cells should have no problem doing aerobic respiration. Human
cells do not do ethanol fermentation. There would be no reason to break down proteins if
ample glucose is present, and the cells are also in the presence of oxygen.

14. What molecule can oxidize NADH?

A. Acetaldehyde
B. Lactate
C. Ubiquinone
D. Glucose
E. Isocitrate

7-6
15. In aerobic respiration, chemiosmotic generation of ATP is driven by:

A. Pi transfer through the plasma membrane.
B. the Na+/K+ pump.
C. a difference in H+ concentration on the two sides of the inner mitochondrial membrane.
D. osmosis of macromolecules.
E. large quantities of ADP.

LO: 07.05.02 Diagram how the proton gradient connects electron transport with ATP
synthesis.
Section: 07.05 The Electron Transport Chain and Chemiosmosis
16. In the reaction: C4H6O4 + FAD C4H4O4 + FADH2, what type of reaction took place to
remove the protons from C4H6O4?
A. Decarboxylation
B. Reduction
C. Dehydrogenation
D. Oxidation
Blooms Level: 3. Apply

LO: 07.01.01 Characterize oxidationdehydrogenation reactions in biological systems.
7-7
17. How and where is ATP made in a eukaryotic cell?

A. ATP is only made in the mitochondria in response to chemiosmosis.
B. ATP is made in all compartments of the cell in response to endergonic reactions and is
used to drive exergonic reactions in the cell.
C. ATP can be made by direct phosphorylation of ADP in the cytoplasm, and by an enzyme
complex that uses the energy from a proton gradient to drive ATP synthesis in the
mitochondria. It can also be made in other locations in the cell, depending on the cell type.
D. ATP can be made by an enzyme complex that uses the energy of protons moving down
their concentration gradient from the mitochondrial matrix to the cytoplasm to make the ATP.

LO: 07.01.03 Describe the role of ATP in biological systems.
Topic: Viruses
7-8
18. If you take into account the amount of ATP generated by ATP synthase per molecule of
NADH produced in aerobic respiration, the net number of ATP molecules produced by
substrate-level phosphorylation, and the fact that NADH molecules produced in the cytoplasm
have to be transported into the mitochondria, what is the predicted energy yield of glycolysis
in eukaryotic cells?
A. 2 ATP
B. 5 ATP
C. 7 ATP
D. 32 ATP
E. 30 ATP
In glycolysis, a net of 2 ATP molecules are produced, as 2 ATP molecules are invested
during the priming reactions and 4 new ATP molecules are formed. In addition, 2 molecules
of NADH are produced during glycolysis. Each molecule of NADH is predicted to yield 2.5
molecules of ATP, through chemiosmosis, for a total of 5 additional ATP molecules.
However, each molecule of NADH generated by glycolysis has to be transported into the
mitochodria via active transport, which requires 1 ATP molecule per NADH to be
transported. Therefore, the final total energy yield of glycolysis in a eukaryotic cell should
be: 2 ATP + 5 ATP - 2ATP = 5 ATP.

LO: 07.02.02 Calculate the energy yield from glycolysis.
19. During what step of glycolysis are two ATP molecules required?
A. Cleavage and rearrangement
B. Glucose priming
C. Oxidation
D. Pyruvate formation
E. Acetyl-CoA formation

7-9
20. This process is common to all living cells:

A. Glycolysis
B. Alcohol fermentation
C. The Krebs cycle
D. Electron transport chain reactions
E. Pyruvate oxidation

LO: 07.10.01 Describe one possible hypothesis for the evolution of metabolism.
Section: 07.10 Evolution of Metabolism
21. If you take into account the amount of ATP generated by ATP synthase per molecule of
NADH and per molecule of FADH2 produced, and the number of ATP molecules produced
by substrate-level phosphorylation, what is the predicted energy yield of the Krebs cycle, per
molecule of glucose in eukaryotic cells?
A. 1 ATP
B. 2 ATP
C. 10 ATP
D. 20 ATP
E. 30 ATP
Per molecule of glucose, the Krebs cycle runs twice. This is because glucose is broken down
into two molecules of pyruvate, which each are converted to acetyl-CoA through pyruvate
oxidation. Each acetyl-CoA can enter the Krebs cycle. As a result, per molecule of glucose,
6 NADH, 2 FADH2, and 2 ATP are made via the Krebs cycle. Since it is predicted that for
each NADH, 2.5 ATP are made, and for each FADH2, 1.5 ATP are made, the total number of
ATP that are made v

LO: 07.06.01 Calculate the number of ATP molecules produced by aerobic respiration.
Section: 07.06 Energy Yield of Aerobic Respiration
7-10
22. What is an end-product of glycolysis?

A. Oxaloacetate
B. NAD+
C. Alcohol
D. ADP
E. Pyruvate

23. The equation for cellular respiration is: C6H12O6 + 6O2 6CO2 + 6H2O. At what
specific point in the cellular respiration process has glucose been broken down completely
from a six carbon molecule to 6 molecules of CO2?
A. During the priming reactions in glycolysis
B. During the oxidation and ATP formation reactions in glycolysis
C. During pyruvate oxidation
D. During the condensation reaction in the Krebs cycle
E. During the second oxidation in the Krebs cycle
Carbon dioxide is lost at the following six steps of aerobic respiration, in this order: two
carbons are lost as carbon dioxide during pyruvate oxidation (one per each molecule of
pyruvate), two carbons are lost during the first oxidation reaction in the Krebs cycle (one per
each molecule of acetyl-CoA), and two carbons are lost during the second oxidation reaction
in the Krebs cycle (one per each molecule of acetyl-CoA). As a result, the second oxidation
in the Krebs cycle is the point at which glucose has been completely broken down from one
6C molecule into 6 molecules of CO2.

LO: 07.04.01 Relate the nine reactions of the Krebs cycle to the flow of carbon and electrons
in the cycle.
Section: 07.04 The Krebs Cycle
7-11
24. Where does pyruvate oxidation occur in eukaryotic cells?

A. In the cytoplasm
B. In the nucleus
C. In the Golgi body
D. In the mitochondria
E. In the plasma membrane

25. What is common to all of the oxidation reactions in the Krebs cycle?
A. They all lead to the generation of NADH.
B. They are all decarboxylation reactions.
C. They are all characterized by a loss of electrons from an organic molecule coupled to the
reduction of an electron acceptor.
D. They all lead to substrate-level phosphorylation of ADP to generate ATP.
While all of the oxidation reactions are characterized by the donation of electrons from an
organic molecule to an electron acceptor, they are not all decarboxylation reactions, nor do
they all involve the generation of NADH. The third oxidation reaction is not a
decarboxylation reaction, and involves the generation of FADH2. None of the oxidation
reactions directly induce substrate-level phosphorylation of ADP.

LO: 07.04.02 Diagram the oxidation reactions in the Krebs cycle.
7-12
26. In the reaction catalyzed by aconitase, the conversion of citrate to isocitrate is inhibited
by fluoroacetate. Fluoroacetate is used as a pesticide. Why is this an effective pesticide?
A. It inhibits glycolysis
B. It inhibits pyruvate oxidation
C. It inhibits the Krebs cycle
D. It inhibits the electron transport chain
E. It inhibits ATP synthase

in the cycle.
27. Arsenic poisoning can lead to organ failure and death. Though arsenic can inhibit or
interfere with a number of cellular enzymes, arsenic poisoning is thought to be mainly due to
indirect inhibition of enzymes involved in both pyruvate oxidation and the Krebs cycle. As a
result, this compound must be able to enter what cellular compartment?
A. The cytoplasm
B. The nucleus
C. The intermembrane space of the mitochondria
D. The mitochondrial matrix
E. The endoplasmic reticulum
These reactions occur in the mitochondrial matrix, and therefore arsenic must be able to enter
that space.

in the cycle.
7-13
28. What are the products of one turn of the Krebs cycle?
A. 1 CO2, 2 NADH, 1 FADH2, 1 ATP
B. 2 CO2, 3 NADH, 1 FADH2, 1 ATP
C. 2 CO2, 6 NADH, 2 FADH2, 2 ATP
D. 4 CO2, 6 NADH, 2 FADH2, 2 ATP
E. 4 CO2, 12 NADH, 4 FADH2, 4 ATP

in the cycle.
29. What is different about the way that NADH and FADH2 donate electrons to the electron
transport chain?
A. NADH is oxidized and FADH2 is reduced.
B. NADH contributes its electrons to the first transmembrane complex in the electron
transport chain and FADH2 contributes its electrons after the first transmembrane complex.
C. More protons are transported into the intermembrane space of the mitochondria in
response to one molecule of FADH2 as compared to the number of protons transported in
response to one molecule of NADH.
D. The electrons from NADH ultimately go on to reduce oxygen to generate water, whereas
the electrons from FADH2 are used to reduce pyruvate to lactate.

LO: 07.05.01 Describe the structure and function of the electron transport chain.
7-14
30. What happens to the oxygen that is used in cellular respiration?
A. It is converted to carbon dioxide

B. It is used to make glucose
C. It is used to make Krebs cycle intermediates
D. It is reduced to form water
E. It is converted to acetyl-CoA

31. As electrons move along the electron transport chain, they lose potential energy. How is
the energy that is released used by the cell?
A. The energy is used to transport protons against their concentration gradient
B. The energy is used to pump electrons along the electron transport chain
C. The energy is converted directly into ATP
D. The energy is used to pump NAD+ into the cytoplasm so it can be used in glycolysis

synthesis.
7-15
32. Cardiac muscle cells need to generate significant amounts of ATP to allow for constant
contractile activity. As a result, they primarily depend upon beta-oxidation of fatty acids,
which has a higher energy yield than the catabolism of glucose. What would be the ATP
yield for beta-oxidation of a hypothetical 10-carbon fatty acid?
A. 32 ATP
B. 35 ATP
C. 50 ATP
D. 62 ATP
E. 65 ATP
For each round of the Krebs cycle, the ATP yield is 10 ATP ((3*2.5 ATP/NADH)+(1*1.5
ATP/FADH2)+1 ATP). For each round of beta-oxidation, one molecule of ATP is invested,
and one molecule of NADH and FADH2 are generated. This means that for each round of
beta-oxidation, 3 ATP are generated. For a 10-carbon fatty acid, there would be four rounds
of beta oxidation to cleave a 10-carbon molecule into five 2-carbon molecules. Thus, from
beta-oxidation there would be a yield of 12 ATP. Each of these 5 2-carbon acetyl-CoA
molecules could enter the Krebs cycle, thus the Krebs cycle will run five times for a total
yield of 50 ATP. Taken together, the oxidation of a 10-carbon fatty acid would yield 62 ATP.

33. The energy released in the mitochondrial electron transport chain is used to transport
protons where?
A. Into the mitochondrial matrix
B. Into the cytoplasm
C. Into the endoplasmic reticulum
D. Into the intermembrane space of the mitochondria
E. Into the nucleus

synthesis.
7-16
34. If citrate levels are high in the cell, but ATP levels are low, what do you think will
happen in the cell?
A. In the presence of glucose, glycolysis will run to generate energy for the cell, but the
Krebs cycle will be inhibited.
B. Glycolysis will be inhibited, but the Krebs cycle will be functional, allowing it to be
utilized to breakdown acetyl-CoA generated from beta-oxidation.
C. The electron transport chain will be inhibited, causing a build-up of NADH and FADH2.
This will inhibit the Krebs cycle, but in the presence of glucose, glycolysis will still run
coupled with fermentation to regenerate NAD+.
D. Glycolysis and the Krebs cycle will both be inhibited, thus under these conditions there
will be no mechanism to generate ATP.
Citrate inhibits phosphofructokinase, and thus inhibits glycolysis. Low levels of ATP will
actually stimulate the Krebs cycle, and thus the Krebs cycle will still be functional. Thus,
acetyl-CoA, generated from beta-oxidation or the breakdown of amino acids, can be further
broken down by the Krebs cycle to generate energy for the cell.

LO: 07.07.01 Understand the control points for cellular respiration.
Section: 07.07 Regulation of Aerobic Respiration
35. Regardless of the electron or hydrogen acceptor used, one of the products of fermentation
is always:
A. ADP
B. ATP
C. NAD+
D. pyruvate
E. alcohol

7-17
36. Glucose is not our only food source, nor the only one we can utilize in our bodies to
generate energy. Other primary sources of energy include other sugars, proteins, and fats.
What metabolic intermediate are fats primarily converted into?
A. Pyruvate
B. Acetyl-CoA
C. Krebs cycle intermediates
D. Electron transport chain components
E. ATP Synthase

LO: 07.09.02 Recognize the importance of key intermediates in metabolism.
37. When amino acids are degraded in cells, into what intermediate(s) of the aerobic
respiration process are the carbon skeletons of amino acids primarily converted?
A. Pyruvate
B. Acetyl-CoA
C. Krebs cycle intermediates
D. Pyruvate and acetyl-CoA
E. Pyruvate and Krebs cycle intermediates

7-18
38. A biochemist wants to control the initial substrate-level phosphorylation that occurs in the
tracheal cells of grasshoppers once glucose has crossed the plasma membrane. He has access
to the following inhibitors: Rotenone - an electron transport chain inhibitor, Oligomycin - an
ATP synthase inhibitor, and TLN-232, an inhibitor of glycolysis. Which inhibitor should he
use to slow down initial substrate-level phosphorylation that occurs once glucose has crossed
the plasma membrane?
A. Rotenone
B. Oligomycin
C. TLN-232
D. None of these inhibitors would be effective in preventing substrate-level phosphorylation

39. To form NADH from NAD+, two electrons and a proton are removed from an organic
molecule. What term best describes the reaction in which electrons and a proton are removed
from an organic molecule?
A. Condensation
B. Reduction
C. Dehydrogenation
D. Decarboxylation
E. Isomerization

LO: 07.01.01 Characterize oxidationdehydrogenation reactions in biological systems.
7-19
40. Aerobic respiration involves the transfer of many electrons from glucose to electron
carriers such as NAD+ over a series of multiple steps. Ultimately though, it is the reaction of
glucose with oxygen to generate carbon dioxide, water and energy. Why doesn't glucose react
directly with oxygen in cells?
A. Oxygen cannot accept electrons, and thus an electron carrier like NAD+ is needed.
B. Oxygen and glucose are localized in different subcellular compartments.
C. The direct reaction of oxygen with glucose would be extremely destructive to cells.
D. The reaction of oxygen with glucose is not spontaneous.

41. Why is the energy generated from the catabolism of sugars and other macromolecules
ultimately harnessed to generate ATP?
A. ATP can be used by cells to drive endergonic reactions
B. ATP can be used to make RNA, which is an energy storage molecule in the cell
C. ATP synthesis is an exergonic reaction
D. ATP is required to generate the proton gradient in the intermembrane space of
mitochondria

7-20
42. When substrate-level phosphorylation occurs, it means that:

A. NAD+ is converted into NADH.
B. ATP is converted into ADP plus a phosphate group.
C. ADP is converted into ATP by the addition of a phosphate group.
D. NADH is converted into NAD+ plus a proton.

43. What is the net number of ATP generated directly during glycolysis per molecule of
glucose?
A. 0
B. 2
C. 4
D. 6
E. 8

LO: 07.02.02 Calculate the energy yield from glycolysis.
7-21
44. The Krebs cycle occurs in the mitochondria. There are nine biochemical reactions
involved in the Krebs cycle, and they are highly ordered. Select the correct order from the
following choices. (Note: These are abbreviated and do not show NAD, ADP, ATP, or FAD.)
A. acetyl-CoA joins the Kreb cycle and unites with oxaloacetate →forming citrate →which
forms beta-ketoglutarate → which forms succinyl-CoA → which forms succinate → which
forms fumarate → which forms malate → which forms oxaloacetate
B. acetyl-CoA joins the Kreb cycle and unites with oxaloacetate →forming citrate →which
forms alpha-ketoglutarate → which forms succinyl-CoA → which forms succinate → which
forms malate → which forms fumarate → which forms oxaloacetate
C. acetyl-CoA joins the Kreb cycle and unites with oxaloacetate →which forms alpha-
ketoglutarate → forming citrate → which forms succinyl-CoA → which forms succinate →
which forms fumarate → which forms malate → which forms oxaloacetate
D. acetyl-CoA joins the Kreb cycle and unites with oxaloacetate →forming citrate →which
forms alpha-ketoglutarate → which forms succinyl-CoA → which forms succinate → which
forms fumarate → which forms malate → which forms oxaloacetate

in the cycle.
45. How many oxidation reactions occur during the Krebs cycle?
A. 1
B. 2
C. 3
D. 5
E. 8

LO: 07.04.02 Diagram the oxidation reactions in the Krebs cycle.
7-22
46. What would be the ATP yield for a molecule that is catabolized to form one molecule of
pyruvate in a eukaryotic cell?
A. 10 ATP
B. 12.5 ATP
C. 25 ATP
D. 30 ATP
E. 32 ATP
Pyruvate oxidation yields 1 NADH and 1 acetyl-CoA. Per molecule of NADH, 2.5 ATP
molecules are generated. Per acetyl-CoA, the Krebs cycle yields 10 ATP ((3 NADH * 2.5) +
(1 FADH2 * 1.5) + 1 ATP). Therefore, the yield would be 12.5 molecules of ATP.

LO: 07.06.01 Calculate the number of ATP molecules produced by aerobic respiration.
Section: 07.06 Energy Yield of Aerobic Respiration
47. What is the oxidized form of the most common electron carrier that is needed for both
glycolysis and the Krebs cycle?
A. ATP
B. FAD
C. pyruvate
D. NAD+
E. acetyl-CoA

7-23
48. Many of the antiviral drugs currently used to treat HIV/AIDS also interfere with an
enzyme that helps mitochondria multiply. Treatment can therefore result in a decrease in the
number of mitochondria found in certain tissues. Given this information, what might you
expect to see in patients treated with antiviral drugs?
A. An increase in oxidative phosphorylation
B. An increase in phosphofructokinase activity
C. An increase in NADH dehydrogenase activity
D. An increase in lactic acid levels

49. Cytochromes contain a heme group similar to that in hemoglobin. The iron atom (Fe) in
the center of the group can be oxidized and reduced. If someone was suffering from iron
deficiency anemia, what stage of cellular respiration would be most affected?
A. Glycolysis
B. The Krebs cycle
C. The electron transport chain
D. Fermentation

7-24
50. As a forensic pathologist, you have just completed an autopsy of a poisoning victim.
After a thorough examination, you conclude that the victim died of cyanide poisoning. You
know that cyanide binds to the cytochrome oxidase complex, and therefore list the official
cause of death as suffocation due to cyanide exposure. However, if you wanted to provide a
more technical explanation as to the cause of death, what process was specifically inhibited
directly by cyanide?
A. The reduction of NAD+
B. The oxidation of FADH2
C. All proton pumping into the intermembrane space
D. The formation of water from oxygen
E. ATP synthesis

51. Phosphofructokinase is regulated by a number of factors, including high levels of ATP.

Why is this enzyme regulated by ATP levels?
A. If ATP levels are high, this provides a mechanism to directly inhibit the Krebs cycle, thus
preventing further generation of NADH, FADH2 and ATP molecules that are not needed.
B. If ATP levels are high, it is important to directly inhibit the reaction that commits the
substrate to glycolysis to allow the substrate to be available for other reactions, since the cell
has ample energy.
C. If ATP levels are high, it is important to inhibit ATP synthase, and phosphofructokinase
directly inhibits ATP synthase.
D. If ATP levels are high, this provides a mechanism to directly inhibit the electron transport
chain, thus preventing the formation of a proton gradient in the intermembrane space of
mitochondria.

LO: 07.07.01 Understand the control points for cellular respiration.
Section: 07.07 Regulation of Aerobic Respiration
7-25
52. What important metabolic intermediate does not cross the inner membrane of the
mitochondria?
A. ATP
B. Acetyl-CoA
C. Pyruvate
D. Oxygen

53. In the absence of oxygen, can cells utilize the electron transport chain?
A. Yes, all cells can make use of the electron transport chain in the absence of oxygen via
fermentation.
B. No, oxygen is a required cofactor for the complexes in the electron transport chain.
C. Yes, in the case that a cell can use a terminal electron acceptor other than oxygen, it can
make use of the electron transport chain.
D. No, oxygen is the primary electron acceptor in electron transport chains in all cell types.

7-26
54. Your friend is having difficulty keeping track of the energy flow from glucose through
glycolysis, the Krebs cycle and electron transport. Your best advice would be to:
A. follow ATP production.
B. follow the protons.
C. follow NAD+ production.
D. follow the electrons.

in the cycle.
55. If ATP synthase had a mutation in the F1 complex portion of the protein, what function of
ATP synthase would most likely be affected?
A. The rotation of the rotor.
B. The flow of protons through the channel.
C. The conversion of ADP and Pi to ATP.
D. The insertion of the enzyme into the membrane.

synthesis.
7-27
56. What aspect of cellular respiration occurs in the cytoplasm in eukaryotic cells?
A. Glycolysis
B. Pyruvate oxidation
C. The Krebs cycle
D. The electron transport chain
E. ATP synthesis

57. You decide to go on vacation in the mountains, where you are staying in a cabin.
Unfortunately, when you turn on the water in the cabin you smell hydrogen sulfide (H2S) gas.
After some research, you find out that the H2S may be due to the presence of sulfur bacteria
living in your pipes. What molecule do these bacteria use as an electron acceptor?
A. O2
B. H20
C. SO4
D. H2S

7-28
Test Bank Biology Hardcover 10th Edition Raven Johnson Mason
58. In order to lose weight and reduce body fat, a friend of yours has decided to eliminate all
fat from his diet, while consuming unrestricted amounts of carbohydrates. What do you think
of this idea?
A. It is a good idea, because if your friend doesn't eat any fat, he cannot store any additional
fat.
B. It is a bad idea, because consumption of fat is required to provide cofactors for the
electron transport chain.
C. It is a good idea, because under conditions where ATP levels are low in cells,
carbohydrates will be stored, and fat stores will be catabolized via beta-oxidation to generate
energy.
D. It is a bad idea, because if ATP levels are high in cells, excess acetyl-CoA from the
metabolism of carbohydrates can be used for fatty acid synthesis.

59. Why are the components of the electron transport chain embedded in the inner
mitochondrial membrane rather than floating freely in the cytoplasm of mitochondrial matrix?
A. To generate and maintain the proton gradient essential for ATP production.
B. To separate the ATP from the ADP.
C. Because electrons cannot float in the matrix.
D. Because NADH cannot localize to the mitochondrial matrix.

7-29
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Multiple Choice Questions

Blooms Level: 1. Remember

Blooms Level: 1. Remember

Blooms Level: 1. Remember

Blooms Level: 1. Remember

Blooms Level: 1. Remember

Blooms Level: 1. Remember

Blooms Level: 1. Remember

Blooms Level: 4. Analyze

Blooms Level: 2. Understand

Blooms Level: 2. Understand

Blooms Level: 2. Understand

Blooms Level: 1. Remember

Blooms Level: 4. Analyze

14. What molecule can oxidize NADH?

Blooms Level: 2. Understand

15. In aerobic respiration, chemiosmotic generation of ATP is driven by:

Blooms Level: 1. Remember

Blooms Level: 3. Apply

17. How and where is ATP made in a eukaryotic cell?

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20. This process is common to all living cells:

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22. What is an end-product of glycolysis?

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24. Where does pyruvate oxidation occur in eukaryotic cells?

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Blooms Level: 4. Analyze

Blooms Level: 4. Analyze

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Blooms Level: 2. Understand

30. What happens to the oxygen that is used in cellular respiration?

A. It is converted to carbon dioxide

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Blooms Level: 1. Remember

Blooms Level: 4. Analyze

Blooms Level: 1. Remember

Blooms Level: 1. Remember

Blooms Level: 1. Remember

Blooms Level: 4. Analyze

Blooms Level: 1. Remember

Blooms Level: 2. Understand

Blooms Level: 2. Understand

42. When substrate-level phosphorylation occurs, it means that:

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Blooms Level: 1. Remember

Blooms Level: 1. Remember

Blooms Level: 1. Remember

Blooms Level: 3. Apply

Blooms Level: 2. Understand

Blooms Level: 4. Analyze

Blooms Level: 4. Analyze

Blooms Level: 4. Analyze