Contentfileelibrarymathnaglyadnyy Spravochnik Po Matematike S Primerami Gendenshteyn PDF

1 1l 111-ll -,,-,-
J, 11 IJJCOJ
2009
2009,- 192
ISBN 978-5-89237-108-7
2003
ISBN 978-5-89237-108-7 © 2003
3
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. •. ••. . •. . ••. •.. ••••••••. ••. . ••. .. . . 19
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= lf(x)l ................................ 22
f(lxl) ................................ 22
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= kx +
= ........................................................ 29
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= 34
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= . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
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- )k1 - )k2 ••• - an )k > 11

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I:»I •...•..•.•...........•.............. JL
10
= f
D).
!•
f( ·------------{
.."". 2
.
f i ················· f(xl)
ln
•
1 : 1 1 : 1 : 1 : 1
•
n f ( )= 11
•
11
• •
• •
f(-x) = f(x). f(-x) = -f(x).
= x 2 n, n Z; = cos
= x 2n+ 1 , n Z; = sin
= = ln = - 2, = ( + 1)2
12
f >
+
-
f(x) = f(x + f(x-
Tn, n N,
f(x)
Xt, Xg- = f(x)

13
= f = f
1 2
< <
f (xl) < f f (xl) > f
f( ···························
f(xl)
Xmax Xmin
f < f f > f
Ymax = f Ymin = f
Xmtn
Xmax - Xmin-
Ymax- min -
14
= f(x)
1
1
1
1
1
kx +
lim f(x)
lim f(x)
lim f(x) = lim f(x) =
= kx +
k = lim f(x), = lim(f(x)- kx)

15
=
sin [-n/2; n/2]).
g f,
f g
f,
f(x). f(x), = g(y).
f g
• f
g, f
g.
•
=
23).
= Vx , log2x
• f(x),
= g(y)
1
2
= - 2.
2.
= -1 + 1 .
2
16
f(x) -f(x)
= -f(x)
f(x)
3
D ', 1 1
2
' \ 1 1
'
\ 1
1 1
1
,,
\ 1 1
\ 1
\ 1
1
'
-
, , ... ... ... ... ,,
- Slll
, ... ... ... ...
...
,, ' ... , '
, ,
,,
... ,
........ ., -1 _
... ... ... ,,' 2n
-sin
17
f(x) ---+- f(-x)
,,,
,,-... .....,
, f(-x)
,' f(x)
= f(x)
1
1
3
,,
1
,
,,
,, ,
D 1
1
6
1
= log2(-x) log 2 x
-- -- --
1
1
,1
, ,
,ly=2
1 ,,
,
,,
1
1
1
1
1
1
'
1
1
D
_...
...... , ... --
, , ,,.
1. 11)
f(-x) = f(x). =
2. 11)
f(-x) = -f(x). sin(-x) = -sinx.

18
f(x)--+ f(x
= f(x -
, f(x) lal
1
1 >
1
1
1
1
1
1
,,
,'
12)
nT, n Z.
19
f(x) --+ f(x) +
f(x) +
f(x)
>
,---,
tl' '
,
, tl' '
'
', ,'
tl'
tl'
tl'
'
' ... _. tl'
tl'
20
f(x) f(ax), >
la>ll
f(ax)
f(x)
O<a<l 1
f(ax)
= f(x)
D =.{XJ2
1 1 2
2
21
f(x) -+ kf(x), k >
\k>l 1
= kf(x)
f(x)
k
O<k<l
= kf(x)
f(x)
1/k
3 n
22
lf(x)l
= f(x),
-
lt(x)l
g fJ
f (lxl)
f(x),
1-t = f(l 1>
D
23
= g(x),
= f(x),
= f(
=
3
15).
fJ •
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
..
....··..
..·...··
IJ 1t
.....•'
....,
.........
.... .....
•'
-1t/2 -1
....
..
•'
/
-1 -1
..
-1tj2 ..·.. 1 1tx
-1
24
6\xl + 8\ = llx\ 2 - 6\xl + 8\ = l<lxl- 3) 2 - 11

+8
= 3)2 - 1
=
= (lxl - 3 )2 - 1 l<lxl - 3) 2 - 11
ll
25
= l3sin2x\ - 1
sin2x
3sin2x
1t 2n
= l3sin2xl -1
26
= kx + k,
k = tg
-
y=kx
k 1 *- k2, k1 = k2, *-
= k1 + = k2x + = k1X +
k2x +
27
= kx +
• R
•
k::;:. R
k
k::;:.
k ::;:. =
k =
k
•
k = = 1k
k=
k = = R
•
(-bjk;
k
-bjk)
-bjk)
k
(-bjk;
k= > R
k= < R
k R
•
k> R
k< R
k= R
•
28
1 = 2 = 1.
(1; + k).
+2
= Yl = 2;
= 1, = 5.
2) (1; 5)
k -::;:. -::;:.
(-bjk;
+2
= Yl = 2;
= -1.
2) (-1;
Yt
1
3
Xt = 3, Yl = 1;
= -3, = 3.
(3; 1) (-3; 3)
-3 -1 1 3
29
= kx +
=
1. 2. kx 3. kx +
lkl > 1)
lkl < 1)
k<
< 0).
11. 1
. .
1
12. = +2
. .
+2
30
= + + 7J!
D =
1 D 1 D D
1 D 1 D D
1.
= + + = ( +- - ---
2.
D
D +
31
= + +
• R
•
[-D/(4a);
-Dj(4a)]
•
=
i=
D =
fD , =
fD
D = -bj(2a)
D <
•
> x 1)U(x2 ;
> D> <
> D= > x1)U(x1;

> D<
>
< D> < x 1)U(x2 ;
< D= < x1)U(x1;
< D< R
•
(-bj(2a);
> ( /( )]
-bj(2a)]
[-bj(2a);
•
> Xmin =- Ymin =- Dj(4a)
=- bj(2a); =- Dj(4a)
32
== + +
1
:'
i
1
•'
-------------------------+----------------------------
i ( -:; )
i
:
1
!
''
•
>
<
• (-.!:.; - D)
• = --
• (
D > 0: =
JD , =
+ JD
D = 0: = -bj(2a)
D < 0:
• (0;
(-bja;
+ +
33
1. 1
\ = - +3 \
2. (2; -1),
- !!_ -- - -4 -- 2 '.
2
= 2 4. 2 + 3 = -1 .
2
-
3.
4.
0) = (1; 0) = (3; 0).
5.
= 3);
(- : ; = ( 4; 3).
9 1. -1
2. (-3; 0),
-6
- - = - - = -3;
-2
-6 -3
= -( -3) 2 - · (-3) - 9 = •
3. = - - = -3 .
4.
= (-3;
5.
1
···········•···········
1
= -9);
!
!
i
i
(-6; -9).
34
=
30)
2
+ + +-
) - = )2 +
= = ( -
= -----
= - +
1.
lal lal < 1
1/la\
2.
'' = Im\
'' >
'' < 0).
'' \
\
\
= - )2.
3.
= - )2
< 0).
= - )2 +
35
.
:
1
1
1
1
1
,
1 '
\
:
:• ,
11
3 3
=
1. 2. 3.
= = - 3)2
2 3 1
-2
x 2 j2 -x2 j2
-x2 j2 1
1. 2. 3.
= = + 2) 2 /2
2 = /2 1
2
36
= xn, n N
1n 1 1n 1
• R
•
n R
n
• = =
•
>
< (
> 0) U
•
n R
Ymin Xmtn
•
(-1; -1), 0), (1; 1)
n (-1; 1), 0), (1; 1)
n xn
= 1 :;:. =
37
= n N
1 1 \
1
-1
1
\ ....... -1
• 0) U (0;
•
U
•
•
>
< (
> U
•
•
•
(-1; -1), (1; 1)
(-1; 1), (1; 1)
• = =
n =1 =x-n
38
= r.{; , n N
1 1 1
Vx
--ifx-
-1
•
R
•
R
•
•
>
0
•
•
(-1; -1), 0), (1; 1)
0), (1; 1)
39
= R
''
''
' \
....................... .,. ---- --1

\
\
1 L...
\ --1
,, . . :
1 ·····················'
, ,,' :i
:
1 :
1 !
1
..•
:
1 1
•
>
<
•
<
•
•
> = =
•
>
•
•
•
> 0), (1; 1)
(1; 1)
• < = =
40
= > -:;: . 1 *)
• R
•
•
•
• R
•
< < 1 R
1 R
•
• 1)
• =
*) =1 = 1 =1 R.
41
= logax, > :;:. 1
!9
:.
..
: -------- : ---
....---t-
!
• 1 --
j log 113 x
! log 112 x !
•
• R
•
• = = 1
•
< < 1, > 1), < (1;
1, (1; 1)
•
1
1
•
• (1;
• =
15).
42
.
SlllX
1t
2
• R
• [ -1; 1]
•
• 2n
• sin = = n Z
•
sin > 1t + n Z
sin + n Z
•
1t
Xmin = - - + n Z; Ymin = -1
2
1t
=2 + n Z; =1
•
[- ; + 211n; ; + 2Jtn J. n Z
3 11
[; + 211n;
2
+ 2Jtn J. n Z
184-187.
43
cosx
• R
• [-1; 1]
•
• 21t
1t
• = = - + 1tn, n Z
2
•
cos > (- ; + 21tn; ; + 21tn). n Z
cos 21tn; + 21tn). n eZ
•
xmin = 1t + 21tn, n Z; Ymin = -1
= 21tn, n Z; =1
•
[ -1t + 21tn; 21tn ], n Z
[21tn; 1t + 21tn ], n Z
3 = sin = cos
n/2 : cos = si{ + ;) ; sin = cos( - ;) ·

44
tgx
( - 2 + 1tn·' 2 + 1tn) ' n Z
• R
•
• 1t
• = = 1tn, n Z
•
tg ( ; + n Z
tg (- ; + n Z
•
•
1t
• =- + 1tn, n Z
2
45
ctgx
..:
1
:-1[
..:i
.::
..:i
:
•
•
1t + Z
• R
•
• 1t
• = = -1t + Z
2
•
ctg ( 1tn; ; + 7tn), n Z
ctg (- ; + 1tn; 1tn). n Z
•
•
• = Z
= ctg
= tg
46
arcs1nx
. arccosx
= sin -1t/2 1t/2 = cos 1t
1t
2
-1 1
.
= arcs1n arccos
• [-1; 1] [-1; 1]
•
1t]
• 1m 1m
• = 1
• 1] [-1; 1)
< [ -1;
•
•
arcsin + arccos = n/2

187.
47
arctgx arcctgx
= tg < < = ctg < <
------------------·-·······*'·-· -··---------------------------
arctg = arcctg
• R R
•
(-;; ;)
•
...
• = =
• > 00) ER
< ( 0)
•
•
ER ER
• 2 2
arctg + arcctg = n/2

48
f1 = f2
n
f1 .. = f2
f(x)
f(x)
.J 2 = - [2; 3].
- 4 = -
= -2; = 2; +4
1. - 2= 2% = 4,
2. sin = 2 = -1 .
*)
49
+ =
.
,....
+3 = -1,5
1 1
+
...
"
+ 2
1 1
...
= +
+ 2 = 2 <=> = -
50
+ + = *
crp.
D = fl.-
-1,
+ - 3 = <=> - +3=
1 D (
xt =
JD ; =----
JD
- =F
2 = ---""-------
.
ln=ol
xt = -
D<O
v
51
+ +
\ j
=0; =--.
- = <=> - 2) = = = 2
+ =
\ 1
\ 1
\ 1
1
\ ;, j
\
\ 1
....
.,
= : ; = : .
+1= -
- 1 = 0 <::> = -1; = 1
=
52
1. -
+ + + = -bja; • = cja.
2. + = -bja, • = cja,
+ + =
+ +q=
3 + + =
1 1
•
D
q>O
q<O
1.
7, - 1
- 7 + = 1
2. 5
4, -5- -1 5.
5 -1 5.
53
af2(x) + bf(x) + =
1. t = f(
at2 + bt
2. t1 t2 t 1),
f(x) = t1
[ f(x) =t f(x)=t 1 ).
2
-
+ + = 0).
t =
2 t =
t2 - t - 2 = <=> [t = -1 <=>
t=2
= -1
= 2
+ - 2 = 4 <=> - 2) + - 2- 2= ;
t = 2
t = -2 - 2 = -2
t2 + t - 2 = <=> [ <=>
t = 1 - 2= 1 1,2= ±
sin2x - cosx + 1 = <=> cos2x + cosx - 2 = t = cosx

t = -2 [cosx = -2
t2 +t - 2 = <=> [ <=>
t =1 cosx = 1 = 21tn, n Z
- 12 . +3 = <=> - 4 . +3 =
t =
t2 - 4 t + 3 = <=> [t = 1 <=> [3
t=3
= 1 <=>
= 3
=
=1
54
{f(x) = g(x) {f(x) = g(x)

1. v1 J = vg(x) <=> f(x) g(x)
3
- .J 2
- - 2 <:::> {3 - = - - 2 <:::>
<=> - -5 = <=>
2.
<
f(x) =
- .J +1 = 5 <=> + 1) - .J +1 - 6 =
z = .J + 1 , z2 z - 6= <:::>
z = -2
[ z=3 <:::>
[.J + 1 = -2
.Jx+1=3
8.
g(x)
3. f(x) = g(x) <=> { f(x) = g 2
-1
= -1 <=> 2 <=>
7- = -1)
<=> 2 <=> = -2 <=> = 3

= 3
55
= > 7:- 1
>
= logab.
=
=
<
..................
logax = > 7:- 1
= logax
=
log2x = -1 <::::> = 2- 1 = 1/2

56
•
s1nx=a
1 lal 1 1
. = arcsina + 21tn,n Z
= 1t- arcsina + 21tn, n Z
= (-1)karcsin + nk, k Z
= arcsin = 1t - arcsin
sin = -1 sin sin = 1

= -1t/2 + 21tn, n Z = 1tn, n Z = 1t/2 + 27tn, n Z
1t
lal > 1
57
cos
= arccos + n Z
cosx
= - arccos + n Z
= +arccos + 21tn, n Z
-arccos = arccos
cos = 1 cos cos =1

= + n Z = + n Z = n Z
1t
1
58
tg ctg
= arctg + n Z = arcctga + n Z
arctg = arcctg
sin + cos = *
+ <
+
.
-;::::===- s1n + cos = •
2 2
( 1 J +( J = 1,
va 2 +
12
va +
.
cos =
1 2
, s1n = •
1
va + v +
sin(x + = .
+
= + (-1)k arcsin(J
+
J+ k Z.
Sln
. rn
+ '\1 3t1 COS
rn
= V;;::; 1.
2 <:::::> - Sln +- COS = -
J2 <:::::>
2 2 2
.(
<:::::> Slll +-
1[) = -J2 <:::::>
1[
= - - + ( -1) - +
k 1t
k Z
3 2 3 4 '
59
f1(x,y) = f2(x,y)
1. + =1 -
1
2. +
3. + = -1
1. 2)2 1)2=9 2. =1 3. lxl·lyl= 1

60
4. = 5. =
6. + - 2) = 7. sin · sin =
YJ'
2
1t
-3 ... ....
1t :i
S.lx + Yl = 1 9.lxl 1
10. + IYI = 1 11. lxl + IYI = 1

61
>
< >,
1. 5 < 1 -
2. 3-
3. <
1. +5> <:::> R
2. - 4 <:::> ( 4]
3.
1. > 2 > 8
2. sin > 2 < -1
66).
54).
62
la > ol
+ > (- : ;
( - :J
+ > ( - :J
xE(-:;ooJ
1 O·x+b>O<=:>xER
· + < -
· + > -
O·x+b<O<=:>xER
1 = = 1 · + > -
= · + · + < -
+ ) Ot + O)t
+2 [ -2; • R.
63
+ +
+ +
D = -
-1,
- + - 6>
+6
>
(Xt;
Xt) U (xl;
\n< ol +
+ +
+ + 0),
+ +2 [1; 2].
64
a 1 )k1 a 2 )k2 ••• an)kn 0), ki N
1.
2.
ki
ki
3.
•
•
4.
- - - 4)3 >
1. == 2, == 3, = 4
;:r s
;:r
2.
2 3 4
3.
4. ( 2] U {3} U[4;
3
(at - x)k1 ,
a 1 )kL ki.
1. (2 - == - 2)2; 2. (2 - == - 2)3
65
- )kt . .
1 ••• n < > k. N
Pm ' t' ]
< - > · ... ·< -
(x-a1)k 1 • ••• • ••• ·(x-bm)Pm <0

64.
- - 3) 2 2
< - - 3) - 1) <
-+--.. ) (1 ;2)
)kt . .
1 ••• n !( 0), ki, N
b1)Pt .•••. 1
(x-a 1)k1 · ••• • •••

{ '* • •• ,
64.
1. - - - - -
- - 3)
2
< - - - 3)
2
<
+ (1;2]U {3}
2
- - 2) - 3) - 2)
2.
f+:v::±")
--.--.../2 3 [2;3)U(3;oo)
3 - 3)
- 2
[2; = 3,
66
.,[1(;} ..{iW {g(x) ;;. Jj{;) ..{iW {g(x):>O

> g(x) <:=> f(x) > g(x) g(x) <:=> f(x) g(x)
f(x) f(x)
< g(x) <:=> g(x) "g(x) <:=>
2 2
f(x) < g (x) f(x) "g
-
{g(x) {g(x)
f(x)
.Jf(x) > g(x) { .Jt(x) :> g(x) {
f(x)> g 2 (x) f(x)

'- '-
1. .J + 12 > .J4 - <:=> {4 -+ 12 > 4 - <:=> "4

> -8
<:=>
<:=> <:=> ( -4; 4]

> -4
+
2. .J +2 <:=> <:=> <:=> ( -2; 2]
"2
+2
67
af(x) > ag(x), > =1=- 1
1 J
af<x> > ag(x) <::::> f(x) > g(x) af(x) > ag(x) <=> f(x) < g(x)
2
1. > <::::> > <::::> ( -1) U(2;
2· < <=> - 1 <::::> ( -1;

3 3
> <
<.
logaf(x) > logag(x), > =1=- 1
1 1
0
logaf(x) > logag(x) <=> {g(x) > 0 logaf(x) > logag(x) <::::> {f(x) >
f(x) > g(x) f(x) < g(x)
0 0
logaf(x) logag(x) <=> {g(x) > logaf(x) logag(x) <=> {f(x) >
f(x) f(x)<g(x)
1. log 2 (x + 8) > log 2 (2x + 4) <=> +4> <=> > -2 <=> (-2; 4)
+8> +4 <4
2
2. log 1 2) 1 - + 1) <=> 2
2 2 - 2 < - +1
2
<=> 2 <=> <1 <::::> [3;
- +3
3 n
= loga ne
> < <.

68
sin > sin sin < sin
1 lal < 1 1
sin > <=> arcsin + 2nn < < 1t - arcsin + 2nn,

nEZ
= arcsin ::: 1t - arcsin
sin < <=> - 1t - arcsin + 2nn < < arcsin + 2nn,

nEZ
= - arcsin = arcsin
1 -1 1 1 1
sin < -1 - sin < 1 <::> "* +

sin -1 <::> = + sin 1 <::> R
sin > -1 <::> "* + sin > 1-
sin -1 <::> R sin 1 <::> = +
1 -1 1 1 1
sin < ( - sin < ( <::> R

sin > <::> R sin > -
n Z.
69
cos > cos cos < cos
1 lal < 1 1
cos > <:::> - arccos + 21tn < < arccos + 21tn,

neZ
21t
arccos = arccos
cos arccos + 21tn < < 21t- arccos + 21tn,

neZ
= arccos ; = 21t - arccos
-1 1 1
cos < -1 - cos < 1 <=> =1= 21tn
cos -1 <=> = 1t + 21tn cos 1 <=> R
cos > -1 <=> =1= 1t + 21tn cos > 1-
cos -1 <=> R cos 1 <=> = 21tn
-1 1
cos < ( - cos < ( <=> R

cos > R cos
70
tg > tg tg < tg
tg tg
arctg + 1tn < < 1t/2 + 1tn, -1tj2 + 1tn < < arctg + 1tn,
neZ neZ
tg tg
arctg + 1tn ,.;;; < 1t/2 + -1tj2 + 1tn < ,.;;; arctg + 1tn,
neZ neZ
.:.•
..•
.
-----
..:
!
ctg > ctg ctg < ctg

ctg ctg
1tn < < arcctg 1tn, neZ arcctg + 1tn < < 1t + 1tn, neZ
ctg ctg
1tn < ,.;;; arcctg + 1tn, neZ arcctg + 1tn ,.;;; < 1t + 1tn, neZ
.:
;
.:
.:•
i
1
.: ..
----1-·i .
1
1
• ----:1
1
1
:
1
3 n
tg ctg
> < . :;; .

71
!1 = g1
{ f2 (x,y) = g 2 (x,y)
1 { = 1 (3; 1)
· 9
2. { (-1; 1) (2; 4)
+ = 2
+ =5
3
72
1. 4 { + - - 1
9
2. +3 - 4) = 9; +
= 21 - (2- = 1;
+5
3. Xt = 1;
.. =5
4.
4= = 2- Xt
=
=2·3-4=2 =2-1=1;
... = 2- =
= 2- 5 = -3
5. (3; 2) (1; 1), (5; -3)

73
1.
+ = 191 +r =
= -5 = 5
+ = 76 + = 6
- = -25 { + = -10
=51 = -4
2. (
= -2;
= -2/3
3.
4 .1+ = 19; = = -2
= 15 = 3;
= = -2/3
= -7/3
4.
Yl = 1/2;
= -7/6
(-2; 1/2),
5. (1; 3)
(-2/3; -7 /6)
74
-
J2
-
=
(-1; -1) (1; 1).
2.
+ = 25
= 12
-
5
-
12
=- •
(-4; -3)
(-3; -4)
(-4; -3),
(-3; -4), (4; 3) (3; 4).
75
+ =
=
1. -
:;.:
-
'
-
= __;;",_.;;__- __.;;;;_...;;...
atb2 - a2bt
2. -
atb2 =
:;.: :;.:
3. -
= = =
76
f(x)
A.f = f(xo + - f(xo)
4
'( )_ . f(x 0 + f(x 0 )

f - 1
Ax-tO
= f(x)
'= •.•
..::
f'(x0 ) = tg > f'(x0 ) = tg == f'(x 0 ) = tg <
f(x)
1 f(x 0 ) + f'(x 0 )(x- 1
f(x) = = 1:
1. f(xo) = f(1) = 1
' 1
2. f'(x) = ( =
3. f'(X 0 ) = f'(1) = .!_

2
1 1 1
4. = 1+ - 1) = +
1 2 2 2
188.
77
f(x)
f'(x) f''(x)).
x(t),
u(t) = lim x(t + L\t)- x(t) = x'(t)
L\t '
a(t) = lim u(t + L\t)- u(t) = u'(t) = x"(t) .

L\t
gt2
x(t) =- , u(t) = x'(t) = gt ,
2
a(t) = u'(t) = g.
u(x) v(x)
+ u)' = + v' 1
= ':::/=.
= , - const 2
v v
=
f(g(x)) t;
= .,, . g,
lg
,
1. (,.J,--si_n_x) = · (sin = (sin >
1
2-vsin 2-vsin
. ),
2 . (1n s1n = . 1 · (s1n
. ), =
cos
. = ctg
(sm
.
>
s1nx s1nx
,
3. = (exlnx) = exlnx(x ln = xx(ln + 1) >
78
f'(x) > , f(x)
f'(x) < , f(x)
=
= =
= - 3 = 3( - 1)
-1) (1;
( -1)
(1;
(-1; 1),
( -1; 1)
f(x)
f'(x)
79
f(x),
= 0:
IY = lxl-
f(x)
f'(x)
= f(x).
f < f <
f < > f > >
f(x)
!'=0
xmtn
f'
80
= - - +5
1. R
2. f' f'(x) = 36
3. f'(x)=O
= -2, = 3
4.
f' + - .3 +",
.1
-2
1 \ 1
u
5. = -2
u
f(
-2)
(3;
6. f(x)
(-2; 3);
Xmax = -2,
Ymax = f(-2) = 49;
Xmin = 3,
Ymin = f(3) = -76
81
f(xmax) ········
f(a) ·
.:
f( . . ..
··t·······:········
: . .s
·i
;
max f(x) = f(xmax) max f(x) = max f(x) = f(a)
min f(x) = f(xmin) min f(x) = f(b) min f(x) = f(b)
= - - +5
4]
1. f'(x).
f'(x) = - - 36
2. f'(x) =
= -2 = 3.
f'(x) =
4]
= 3.
3. f(O) = 5;
f(3) = -76;
f(4) =-59
4. max f(x) = f(O) = 5
4]
min f(x) = f(3) = -76

4]
82
F(x)
f(
= f(x).
f(x)
F(x) = /2, /2 )' =
F(x)- f(x).
F + -
f(x).
f(x)
Jf(x)dx :
Jf(x)dx = F(x) +
Jcf(x)dx = Jf(x)dx, - const

J(f(x) ± g(x)) dx = J f(x)dx ± Jg(x)dx
Jf(ax + b)dx = F(ax + + , *

189.
83
f(x)
n
L n
k=l
=--
n
n
Jf(x)dx = lim Lk=l
[xk -1• xk]
Jf(x)dx = F(x)l: = F(b) - F(a),
F(x)- f(x).
Jt(x)dx Jf(x)dx = Jf(x)dx + Jf(x)dx

Jdx = Jcf(x)dx = Jf(x)dx , const
Jf(x)dx = - Jf(x)dx J(f(x) ± g(x))dx =Jf(x)dx ± J g(x)dx

84
f
•
1
S = Jt(x)dx
f(x),
S = - Jt(x)dx
3
'l.;
sl
J
St - S2 = f(x)dx
1 s j
v t:
1 i'
85
f g
f(x) g(x)
= g(x)
S = J(t(x)- g(x))dx
f(x)
V J
= 1t f 2 (x)dx
=
=
v = Js(x)dx,
S
86
0° 90°. 90°.
90°< < 180°. 180°.
180°:
+ f3 = 180°.
180°.
180°.
87
180°.
180°.
(allc, bllc) allb. (a.lc, b..Lc) 11

88
-
d.
..
89
1 1
1 1
1
la- bl
180°: + = 180°.
> <=> >
8 =
-----
s1n sin stn
2R,
R
90
LlLl
;6bl L1 yr-
:i:; 1
91
-
92
2
: 1,
=2 + - .
93
BD
AD =
2bccos
2
94
.
• 1/
/1 '
''
''
'' /
1 1 1
= -:-:-.
ha == sin = sin ;
h = 2S = - - -
=
2
95
96
1
MN=lAC.
1/2.
1/2.
r = S/p, S-
R=
4S'
S-
97
1
S = 2aha.
S = - - ,
S =pr,
=
2
S =
4R.
98
1. -
2.
't
99
1.
2.
r = Jj ; R = J3 ; R = 2r.)
2
120°.
2 2
h = S = J3a = JJ3r2 = 3J3R
2 4 4
100
101
+ =
+ =
-
102
= sin = cos(9°
!!_ = cosa. = sin(9° -a.) 0
!!.. = tga. = ctg(9°
!!_ = ctga. = tg(9°
ahc = !!_ => h2 = .
h= =
2-
- - - .•. =:> -
2 a=-
fi
2
103
r= - - - -
a + b+ c '
R = E_
2
-
R=
1
S=
2
S =1 2
= 1 2ctga .
2 2
S = sin = sin .
104
7· L \
1 1
360°:
+ + + 8 = 360°.
S = d 1d 2 sin
2 .
105
a+c=b+d.
a+b+c+d
S = pr, = ( ),
2
S = pr
180°: +
8 = 180°.
180°.
+ bd = d1d2 .
S= ( - - ( - ( - d) ,
a+b+c+d
=
2
106
-
1.
2.
180°:
180°.
107
d\2 + di = + + + d2 .
108
S = aha =
S= sina .
S = d 1d 2 sin
2 .
109
1.
2.
110
h
r =2,
h
d,d2
r=--
4a '
d1 d2 -
-
d 1 = 2.JAH
d2 =
r = .JAH ·
S = ah.
S = 2ar.
S= sina.
dd
S = 1 2
2
111
1. -
2.
.
.J
112
d
R=-
2'
d= + -
S=ab.
S = d 2 sin
2
113
1.
2.
90°.
114
d
R= fi=2 ·
S=cl.
d2
S=-
2
115
(all h-
d1, d2 -
S=a+bh.
2
S =
S = d1d 2 sin q>

2 .
116
h
AfN II AfNII MN = .
2
180°:
J3 = 180°,
8 = 180°.
AOD
k = AD
D
117
--=--
AD.
ABCD
DOC
,.D
. __ _ _......;;;;_......IIIIIOio. _ _ _
118
1 57°17'45",
1t
1°=
18°
1t = 180°,
"21t = 90°.
119
180°:
= 180°.
120
= --'--
2 .
2 .
2 .
2
121
1 = 2R sin = 2R sin .
122
= cd.
= AC·AD.
AD ·
123
/= r
L = 21tr.
S= n?.
S= '21 a.r 2
S = sin o.)r 2
124
< R1 - R2.
0102.
01 = R 1 - R2.
-
N.
10 2 •
0 10 2 .l
0102 ; =
R,- R2< 0,02 < R, + R2.

125
0 10 2 •
0 10 2 •
= Rt + Rz
d)
0102.
0 10 2 > R 1 +
Rz.
126
n.
N = n(n- 3).
2
n-2.
127
r- R-
r=--
2/3
R= J3
r=- 2r .fiR
2 R = .fi
R=a 2r a=R
r=--
2
J3
R= 1800
1800 . 180 2rtg- a=2Rsin-
2tg- n n
n n
r R
J3a2
S= s= S=
4 4
S = S = 4r 2 S = 2R 2
S= S = 2.J3r 2 S=
2 2
}goo 1 2 • 36°
S= S =
2
r n tg S = -R nsm-
n 2 n
4tg-
n
128
1.
2.
-,
129
n
130
, ......... --
--- --"""
__"'-, ........ --
--- -- -....... --
......... , __ .........
-- --"""
1
1
1
,
,,,, L.--
1 ,
-
--'""- ...,,
-$/ 1
,
, 1
111::: 180°
1
1
- - - - - - - - ::! - - - - - - -
::!
5----- ..
131
= k. OAI'
=k .
k
k= - 1
..
132
90°
120° -
= xn n.
1
1
1
1
- -
1
1
1
1
1
1
1 = xn n.
133
..............
1
yr)
1
.:•
1
1
1
1
: ...
- + (Yt - .
xt + xl
2 '
Yt +
2 .
AD- al
DB '
134
1
1 .. •, •, = ') + = '
/'0
1 = , , ) => + =
J\ = => =
...
= = => =
,...
* = = => =
135
'\
kx + k = tg
<;:'\ ...
"'
)
k> 0° < < 90° k< 90° < < 180°
... =kx
:f )
- = -
:-1= :-1=
1 = 1
-yl -xl
-+-=1
* *
136
ai bl ci
- - = a2bl
alc2 = a2ct
137
Zt : = k1 + 1; z2 : = k2 +
138
Zt: + htY + /2: + +
z1: k1 + z2: k2x +
0
+ + = k1x +
k2x +
0
+ + =
=
btc2 -
'
- -
- -- k,- k2'
- a2ci - alc2 = klb2- k2bl
- atb2 - . k,- k2
- )2 + - )2 = R2.
139
1 1 1 1·
=h
140
:
=>
-
- ,
141
,
, >
Y2
1 1=1 1.
· = la I·Jb J· cos •
la 1= .J · = .Jii2 .
90° < 180°

- -
=
142
1
YJ ---- 1
1
1
1
:
1
1 --
1 1
_ _-
_-_-
_-_-
_" •
_ _ _ _ _ J!
a(ax;ay;az):
Oz = Z2 -ZJ
lal
lal
143
hx hx
hy hy
Cz = az + bz
hx hx
hy ay-hy
Cz = az hz
=
hx =
hy =
hz = Mz
s
144
COSq> =
a·h .
lal· 11
- axhx + =
axhx + ayhy + azhz =
· \ = la 1·\h \·
145
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
+
1
1
1
1
1
, :
- -
d = + + '
v-
146
1.
-
i(1;
0
),
-
j(; 1)
-
i(1;
0
;
0
),
-
j(; 1; 0
),
-
k(; 0
; 1)
(1; ; 1) el(l; . )
'' 2 ''
. 1. )
'3''
. . l)
z
2 2
1 1
-
j
i 1 2 3 1 2
- -
= + ayj + azk
z
). -----------;1
/ / 1
/ / 1
// // 1
(--- 1
1 1
1 1
1 1
1 1
1
1 1
1
1 ___________ 1
1/
_",
/
147
---------- ... ...

Ct
148
.
•
.
•
149
(allc, bllc) => allb
(blla, bcza, =>hlla.
(3, blla) => allb.

// ----------
150
(a1lla2, b1llb2) ·
......._6___1_ ___,/
. . . . _ ___,/ IIY, llr) =>
=> llb.
llb) CD.
151
(atllbi, a2llb2, alj_a2) =:> btl_b2.
(al_b aj_c) =:> aj_a .

152
_i => _i
=>
153
154
155
0°
< < 180°.
180°.
0° < 90°. = 90°,

156
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
).--
""
""
= =
/-
= + 2. · = + 2. ·
V= V=
-
/-
157
d12 + di + df + d] = + +
1
1
1
,,
-
1' -
1 'd
1 '
(9\
1 '
d2 = + + .
= 2 + V=
-
1 \
1 \
d
\
\ d= = V=
\
"' "'
158
-
159
L,s, , L,s,,
n n
= =
i=l i=l
S,- S,-
= + S + S,
= + S-
s-
V = 31 ... · V = ... · (S + s + JSs)
1 1
= 2 .[' =2( + ·f,
-
-
= + S + S,
= + S-
s-
1
V = 31 ... · V = ) ... · (S + s + JSs)
160
= = 21tR(R + V= 1tR2H
= 1tRL = 1t(R + r)L
= 1tR(R + L) = 1t(R + r)L + 1t(R2 + r2)
1
V = J1tH(R + Rr + r 2)
2
V=
161
R.
S = 41tR
4
V =
1
V =
2
V =
= 1tR(2H +
V = _!_1tH 3 + _!_7t(r? + r 2 )H
6 2 1 2
162
.. ..
1 1 ' -
1 • '
1 '
1'
L._ ---..! __
. " -----'1----- .
•
_,"..- 1
*
163
1
1
r
, 1
1
1... .......... -.. ......
1
1
, 1....... - - ......
,. __r .......... _...,1
1
...........
164
1
1
_,. . . --L..-----..
,*"" .-.....,-:................. ......111... ........
1 .........
1 ......
R,
r
165
t
' • ,
-• 1
t 1
+
'
1\ 11
1\
1\
__', ----r--- --
1
1
' 1
R
r,
R= r,
2R=H.
r
166
R,
r
167
R,
r
r
168
R,
r,
R2-- 2 + r2 .
169
R,
r,
r
170
R,
r,
R2 = - R)2 + '2 .
171
R,
r,
R r
-
H-R
r
172
-
z -
z-
""' -----:;: .
Zo
1
-----• .,. ,. }
""'
1
""' 1
1 1
1 1
1 1
1 1
1
1 ______ .:,.......
z0•
z .) - + (yl - + (zi - z2) 2

Zp
xi
2
YI +
2
AD
DB
ai
= +
ai + ai +
2 1
YI +
ai + ai +
ai
z= z1 + z2
ai + ai +
+ + cz + d =
173
d = => + + cz =
= => + cz + d = = d = ) => + cz =
= => + cz + d = ( = d= ) => + cz =
= => + +d = = d = ) => + =
z. z.
ax+by+cz+d=O
174
cz + d = = d= ) cz =
= = +d = = = d = ) => =
xz. xz.
z
0
0 QX=
OX+d=
yz. yz.
-+-+-=1
z
-:;; -:;; -:;;
175
: + + z + d1 =
+ + c2z + d2
d;,
d;:
cl d\ =
-=-=-=-
d2 alc2 = a2cl
atd2 = a2di
atb2 = a2bl
d
1
-=-=--::1=- atc2 = a2cl
d2
02
atd2 * a2dt
176
+ + z + d1
: + + z + d2 =
z
zo):
( - )2 + - ) 2 + (z - z. )2 = R 2
177
178
2
3 3
4
4
5 5
6 2 3
8
8
9 9
11
11
25 00, 25, 50 75
997)
2 79 191 311 439 577 709 857
3 83 193 313 443 587 719 859
5 89 197 317 449 593 727 863
7 97 199 331 457 599 733 877
11 101 211 337 461 601 739 881
13 103 223 347 463 607 743 883
17 107 227 349 467 613 751 887
19 109 229 353 479 617 757 907
23 113 233 359 487 619 761 911
29 127 239 367 491 631 769 919
31 131 241 373 499 641 773 929
37 137 251 379 503 643 787 937
41 139 257 383 509 647 797 941
43 149 263 389 521 653 809 947
47 151 269 397 523 659 811 953
53 157 271 401 541 661 821 967
59 163 277 409 547 673 823 971
61 167 281 419 557 677 827 977
67 173 283 421 563 683 829 983
71 179 293 431 569 691 839 991
73 181 307 433 571 701 853 997
179
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
1 100 121 144 169225 196 256 289 324 361
2 400 441 484 529
625 576 676 729 784 841
3 900 961 1024 1089
1225 1156 1296 1369 1444 1521
4 1600 1681 1764 1849
2025 1936 2116 2209 2304 2401
5 2500 2601 2704 3025
2809 2916 3136 3249 3364 3481
6 3600 3721 3844 4225 4356 4489 4624 4761
7 4900 5041 5184 5329 5476 5625 5776 5929 6084 6241
8 6400 6561 6724 6889 7056 7225 7396 7569 7744 7921
9 8100 8281 8464 8649 8836 9025 9216 9409 9604 9801
1.
- =- , ad = .
d
2.
d d
d d
= d :
c± d c+d
- -
c-d
c± d
- --=-=-
d b+d d
am 1 + bn 1 _ cm 1 + dn 1 am1 + cn 1 _ bm1 + dn 1
am 2 + bn 2 - cm 2 + dn 2 ' am 2 + cn 2 - bm 2 + dn 2 '
*)
180
- = - +
= + +
- = - +
+ + = + + + + +
+ +
- = - + +
+ )8 = + + + = + + +
- = - + - = - - -
an _ = b)(an-1 + an-2b + an-8b2 + ... +

n-
an _ = + b)(an-1 _ an-2b + _ ••• + -
n-
an + = + b)(an-1 _ an-2b + an-8b2 _ ••• _ +
n
= :L =
k=O
Cnk = k !(nn!_ k)! u

n
k
.
JaJ = { ' JaJ =
lal = la + lal +
lal = <=> =
-w· JaJ
b=FO la - llal -
181
an + 1 = an + d, +1 = · q,
d- q * -
n-ro
an = + (n- 1)d = qn- 1
= bk· qn- k
= ·
n
= + (n - 1)d . = S _ 1 - qn _ qn - 1
Sn n 1 - 1 ,q*- 1
2 1-q q-1
Sn = · n, q = 1
bn+1
q= -
bn
n + =k +
1 n:
8
= + 1)
2
s = 1-q
bl ' lql < 1
*)
+ - +- 2 >
'
-- ,
2
*)
182
!{{;;. = , = 0).
= ntfamk ,
· = ,
,
(Va)m
'i[iFa = ,
2n =lal· 2.{1; '
= 2n+Jjj;
={
. 2n+Jjj; =
an = .••.. =
n
= 1, :1:-
-r 1
ar
· = · =
(
= ap-q; = :
(ap)q = apq
183
> :;:. 1)
logab = <::::> =
• loga = >
• loga 1
• loga 1
loga = plogalxl,
•
log q = logalxl,
q
• loga 6 = .!.loga
n
•
logc
log =
logc
' > > *1
1
log = ' > : ;:. 1
1
184
sin 2 + cos 2 =1 tgx · ctg = 1
sinx
t gx=-- 2 1
cosx 1 + tg = 2
cos
cosx 1
t
cgx=-.- 1 + ctg
2
= . 2
sinx s1n
sin(x sinxcosy + cosxsiny
sin(x- sinxcosy- cosxsiny

cos(x cosxcosy- sinxsiny
cos(x- cosxcosy + sinxsiny
tg + tg ctg ctg - 1
(
t gx+y ) =----- (
t gx+y ) =-----
1- tgxtgy ctgx + ctgy
tg tg ctg ctg + 1
t gx-y
( ) =_......_ _..........:;;._ t g( - ) = - _..,___..,_;;;__.
1 + tg xtg ctgx- ctgy
2tg- 2tg-
sin = - - - =2:::.,.._ tg = - - - =2=--
1 + tg2 1- tg2
2 2
1- tg2 2
1- tg -
cosx = 2 ctg = 2
1 + tg2 2tg-
2 2
185
sin2x = 2 sinxcosx
cos2x = cos 2 sin 2 = 1- 2sin 2 = 2cos 2 -1

tg 2 x= 2tgx _ _ _2_ _
1 - tg 2 ctg - tg
ctg 2 - 1 ctg - tg
tg 2 = -
2ctg 2
. 2 1- cosx tg2 = 1 - cos

Slll - -
2 2 2 1 + cosx
cos 2 1 + cosx t 2 1 + cosx

- g -=
2 2 2 1- cosx
t
. 1- cosx
g-= - .
2 1 + cosx SlllX
t sinx 1 + cosx
g-= -
2 1- cosx sinx
sin = 3 sin - 4 sin 3
cos3x = 4cos 3 3cosx
3 tg - tg 3
tg3 x = - - -2- -
1- 3tg
ctg 3 - 3 ctg
t g 3X = - - - - - -
3ctg2 -1
186
. . .
SlnX + Slny = 2 Sln COS
2 2
. . .
Slny = 2 Sln COS
2 2
cos + cos = 2 cos
cos --"-
2 2
. .
cosxcosy =-2 s1n s1n
2 2
sin(x + tg t sin(x +
t gx+ t gy= x+cgy=. .
cosxcosy s1nxs1ny
sin(x - sin(x -
tg - tg = ctg - ctg = - . .
cosxcosy s1nxs1ny
cos(x-
tg + ctg .
COSXSiny
cos(x
t gx-cgy=-
t .
COSXSiny
1 2
tgx+ctgx= . ---
Sln cos sin
cos2x
tg - ctg = -2 . = -2 ctg
s1n2x
cos + sin = .J2 cos(45°-X) = .J2 sin(45°+X)
cos - sin = .J2 sin( = .J2 cos(
asinx + = + sin(x +
.
= / , COS<J) =
-va2 + +
sinxsiny = .!:.[cos(x- cos(x

2
1
cosxcosy = -[cos(x- cos(x
2
sin cos = .!:. [sin(x - + sin(x +
2
187
1t 31t
J3=1t± a = 21t
2 2
sinP cosa + s1na
. -cosa ±sina
cosf3
.
+ s1na -cosa ±sina cosa
tgJ3 + ct .....
.rv +tga + ctga +tga
ctgJ3 + tga ±ctga + tga ±ctga
30° 45° 60° 90° 180° 270° 360°
1t
1t
-
1t
- - -1t 1t
31t
- 21t
6 4 3 2 2
.
s1na 1 1 J3 1 -1
- -
2 J2 2
cosa 1 J3
-
1 1
- -1 1
2 J2 2
tga 1 1 J3
J3
ctga J3 1 1
J3
arcsin = - arcsin lal 1

arccos = 1t - arccos lal 1
arctg arctg aER
arcctg 1t- arcctg aER
. 1t
arcs1n + arccos =- , lal 1
2
1t
arctg + arcctg =- , aER
2
188
. sinx lim tgx = 1

1lffi =1
. -1 1 -1
1lffi = lim
;7;-+0
= ln , >
lim(1 + = lim ln (1 + =
1
f(x) = , - const
f(x) =
f(x) = =
f(x) = ln
1
f(x) = lnx (lnx)' =-
1
f(x) = logax (loga = --
xlna
f(x) = sinx (sinx)' = cosx
f(x) = cosx (cosx)' = -sinx
1
f(x) = tgx (tgx)' = - -
cos2
1
f(x) = ctgx (ctgx)' = - - -
sin2
1
f(x) = arcsinx (arcsin =
1
v1-
1
f(x) = arccosx (arccosx)' =-
1
v1-
1
f(x) = arctgx (arctg = 2
1
f(x) = arcctg (arcctg =- 2
189
Jo·dx=C Jcos\ dx = tgx
J1· dx = 1
. 2 dx = - ctg +
J s1n
xa+l
I xadx = -1)
J.1
dx = ln tg
21 +
Jcosx dx = ln tg( 2 + 1t)4 +
1
1 d { arcsin +
J = -arccosx
.
arcs1n- +
1 dx _ { arctg +
J1 + - - arcctg + -arccos-
Iaxdx=--+C
lna 1
-arctg-
Jsinxdx = 1
--arcctg-
Jcosxdx = sinx
Jtg xdx = -lnlcosxl+
Jctg xdx = lnlsinxl+
-ro 2 y
= cos(rox +
190
z = + bi,
i- i 2 = -1.
-
Rez Imz.
+ bi bi,
+ bi) + + di) = + + + d)i

+ bi)- + di) = + d)i
+ bi)(c + di) = + (ad + bc)i
a+bi ac+bd bc-ad.
- + t . +d2 :;tQ
c+di 2 + d2 + d2 '
i i4m=l, i4m+l=i, i4m+2=-1, i4m+3=-i.
r = .Ja 2 +
tga =- .
z = r(cosa +isina)
Z 1Z 2 =1jr2 (cos(a 1 +a 2 )+isin(a 1
= 1j ( cos ( - + i sin ( - ))
z2 r2
zn= rn(cosna + isinna)
(cosa + isina)n = cosna + isin
-{; = if;.(cos + isin ),

n n
k=I,2, ... ,n-1.
191
n
Pn = n t = 1 · 2 · 3 · ... · n
n k
k
n
= (n-n 1k)! =n · (n - 1) · (n - 2) · ••• · (n - k + 1)
n k
= n! _ n · (n - 1) · (n - 2) · .•. · (n - k + 1)
k t(n - k)! 1 · 2 · 3 · ... · k
=-,
n
n-
= ·
= 1- (1- • (1- · ...

· (1-
... An -
n!
" = q n -
' m!(n-m)! '
n
28.08.2009.
11, 73. 15 000 1575.
000 105187,
www.ilexa.ru, E-mail: real@ilexa.ru,
8(495) 365-30-55, 8(495) 984-70-83
•
142300,
www .chpk.ru, E-mail: marketing@chpk.ru,
8(49672) 6-25-36, 8(499) 270-73-00,
8(499) 270-73-59
ISBN 978-5-89237-108-7
111111 111
9 785892 371087

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1 1l 111-ll -,,-,-

- )k1 - )k2 ••• - an )k > 11

. ••• ••• ••••••••••••••••• ••• ••••• •• •••• ••••••••••• 118

............ •• •••• ••••••••••• ••••••••••• 124

BEKTOPbl .......................................................................................... 139

f(-x) = f(x). f(-x) = -f(x).

Xt, Xg- = f(x)

f (xl) < f f (xl) > f

lim f(x) = lim f(x) =

k = lim f(x), = lim(f(x)- kx)

f(x) ---+- f(-x)

f(-x) = -f(x). sin(-x) = -sinx.

f(x) --+ f(x) +

f(x) f(ax), >

f(x) -+ kf(x), k >

1-t = f(l 1>

6\xl + 8\ = llx\ 2 - 6\xl + 8\ = l<lxl- 3) 2 - 11

> D= > x1)U(x1;

....................... .,. ---- --1

= logax, > :;:. 1

cos 21tn; + 21tn). n eZ

n/2 : cos = si{ + ;) ; sin = cos( - ;) ·

( - 2 + 1tn·' 2 + 1tn) ' n Z

ctg ( 1tn; ; + 7tn), n Z

ctg (- ; + 1tn; 1tn). n Z

= sin -1t/2 1t/2 = cos 1t

arcsin + arccos = n/2

= tg < < = ctg < <

arctg + arcctg = n/2

sin2x - cosx + 1 = <=> cos2x + cosx - 2 = t = cosx

{f(x) = g(x) {f(x) = g(x)

<=> 2 <=> = -2 <=> = 3

logax = > 7:- 1

log2x = -1 <::::> = 2- 1 = 1/2

sin = -1 sin sin = 1

cos = 1 cos cos =1

1. 2)2 1)2=9 2. =1 3. lxl·lyl= 1

10. + IYI = 1 11. lxl + IYI = 1

a 1 )k1 a 2 )k2 ••• an)kn 0), ki N

(x-a1)k 1 • ••• • ••• ·(x-bm)Pm <0

(x-a 1)k1 · ••• • •••

.,[1(;} ..{iW {g(x) ;;. Jj{;) ..{iW {g(x):>O

f(x)> g 2 (x) f(x)

1. .J + 12 > .J4 - <:=> {4 -+ 12 > 4 - <:=> "4

<:=> <:=> ( -4; 4]

af(x) > ag(x), > =1=- 1

2· < <=> - 1 <::::> ( -1;

logaf(x) > logag(x), > =1=- 1

> < <.

sin > sin sin < sin

sin > <=> arcsin + 2nn < < 1t - arcsin + 2nn,

= arcsin ::: 1t - arcsin

sin < <=> - 1t - arcsin + 2nn < < arcsin + 2nn,

sin < -1 - sin < 1 <::> "* +

sin < ( - sin < ( <::> R

cos > cos cos < cos

cos > <:::> - arccos + 21tn < < arccos + 21tn,

cos arccos + 21tn < < 21t- arccos + 21tn,

= arccos ; = 21t - arccos

cos < ( - cos < ( <=> R

ctg > ctg ctg < ctg

> < . :;; .

5. (3; 2) (1; 1), (5; -3)