1 Type of the Paper (Research, Review, etc.

2 Title The title should be concise and informative

3 Firstname Lastname 1, Firstname Lastname 2 & Firstname Lastname 2,*
4
5 1 The affiliation(s) of the author(s), i.e. Affiliation 1; institution, (department), city, (state), country
6 2 Affiliation 2
7 * Correspondence: email@address.com

8 Abstract: Please provide an abstract of 150 to 250 words. The abstract should not contain any undefined abbreviations
9 or unspecified references. Please note: For some articles (particularly, systematic reviews and original research articles),
10 250 words may not be sufficient to provide all necessary information in the abstract. Therefore, the abstract length can
11 be increased from the 250-word limit (to up to 450 words) if the topic dictates, and to allow full compliance with the
12 relevant reporting guidelines.
13 Keywords: Please provide 4 to 6 keywords which can be used for indexing purposes

14 Papers must be formatted according to the Springer instructions to be found here. Instructions are provided for prepar-
15 ing the document using MS Word and LaTeX - you may use either method. Sections that are not mandatory are listed as
16 such. The section titles given are for articles. Review papers and other article types have a more flexible structure.

17 A well-structured article helps readers find the information it communicates and to easily follow the authors’
18 methodologies and arguments. To help this, most articles follow a common pattern and structure called IMRaD. IMRaD
19 refers to the standard structure of the body of research manuscripts (after the Title and Abstract). This consists of:

20  Introduction
21  Materials and Methods
22  Results
23  Discussion and Conclusions

24 Not all journals use these section titles in this order, but most published articles have a structure similar to IMRaD.
25 This standard structure:

26  Gives a logical flow to the content

27  Makes journal manuscripts consistent and easy to read
28  Provides a “map” so that readers can quickly find content of interest in any manuscript
29  Reminds authors what content should be included in an article
30  Provides all content needed for the work to be replicated and reproduced
31 *摘要 [required after the manuscript being accepted]
32 *关键词 [required after the manuscript being accepted]
33 [The journal editor will translate the abstract & keywords in Chinese for non-Chinese authors]

34 1 Introduction

35 The Introduction should provide readers with the background information needed to understand your study, and
36 the reasons why you conducted your experiments. The Introduction should answer the question: what question/prob-
37 lem did you study? References should be numbered in order of appearance and indicated by a numeral or numerals in
38 square brackets—e.g., [1] or [2,3], or [4–6]. See the end of the document for further details on references.

39 2 Materials and Methods

40 This Methods and Materials section provides the reader with all the details of how you conducted your study. You
41 should:

42  Use subheadings to separate different methodologies

43  Describe what you did in the past tense

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44  Describe new methods in enough detail that another researcher can reproduce your experiment
45  Describe established methods briefly, and simply cite a reference where readers can find more detail
46  State all statistical tests and parameters

47 3. Results
48 In the Results section, simply state what you found, but do not interpret the results or discuss their implications. As
49 in the Methods and Materials section, use subheadings to separate the results of different experiments. Results should
50 be presented in a logical order. In general, this will be in order of importance, not necessarily the order in which the ex -
51 periments were performed. Use the past tense to describe your results; however, refer to figures and tables in the
52 present tense.
53 Do not duplicate data among figures, tables, and text. A common mistake is to re-state much of the data from a ta-
54 ble in the text of the manuscript. Instead, use the text to summarize what the reader will find in the table, or mention
55 one or two of the most important data points. It is usually much easier to read data in a table than in the text.
56 Include the results of statistical analyses in the text, usually by providing p values wherever statistically significant
57 differences are described.

58 3.1 Subsection

59 3.1.1 Sub-subsection

60 Bulleted lists look like this:

61 • First bullet;

62 • Second bullet;

63 • Third bullet.

64 3.2 Equations
65 If you want to insert equations, please use the button Equation in the toolbars. Detailed operations are as follows.
66 Press the Tab key, then insert the equation, which will be centered. To insert the equation number, press Tab again.
67 Number the equations consecutively. For example,

68 , (1)

69 the text following an equation need not be a new paragraph. Please punctuate equations as regular text.

70 3.3 Tables and Figures

71 All tables and figures are to be numbered using Arabic numerals, and they should always be cited in text in consecu-
72 tive numerical order. All tables and figures should be placed in the main text near to the first time they are cited.

73 Table 1 For each table, please supply a table caption (title) explaining the components of the table. Identify any previously published mate-
74 rial by giving the original source in the form of a reference at the end of the table caption.

Parameters Value
Parameter 1 0.4
Parameter 2 0.45
Parameter 3 5
Parameter 4 2
75 1
Footnotes to tables should be indicated by superscript lower-case letters (or asterisks for significance values and other statistical data)
76 and included beneath the table body.
77
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40

20

Acceleration (m/s2)
0

-20

-40

-60

-80
0 0.05 0.1 0.15 0.2 0.25 0.3 0.35 0.4 0.45 0.5
Time (s)
78
79 Fig. 1 Each figure should have a concise caption describing accurately what the figure depicts.

80 Figure captions begin with the term Fig. in bold type, followed by the figure number, also in bold type. No punctua -
81 tion is to be included after the number, nor is any punctuation to be placed at the end of the caption. Figure parts
82 should be denoted by lowercase letters (a, b, c, etc.). Identify previously published material by giving the original source
83 in the form of a reference citation at the end of the figure caption. If you include figures that have already been pub-
84 lished elsewhere, you must obtain permission from the copyright owner(s) for both the print and online format. Please
85 be aware that some publishers do not grant electronic rights for free and that Springer will not be able to refund any
86 costs that may have occurred to receive these permissions. In such cases, material from other sources should be used.
87 If an appendix appears in your article and it contains one or more figures, continue the consecutive numbering of the
88 main text. Do not number the appendix figures,"A1, A2, A3, etc." Figures in online appendices [Supplementary Informa-
89 tion (SI)] should, however, be numbered separately.
90 When preparing your figures, the figures should be 84 mm wide and not higher than 234 mm.

91 4 Discussion and Conclusions

92 Or

93 4 Discussion

94 5 Conclusion

95 Your Discussion and Conclusions sections should answer the question: What do your results mean?

96 In other words, the majority of the Discussion and Conclusions sections should be interpretation of your results. You
97 should:

98  Discuss your conclusions in order of most to least important.

99  Compare your results with those from other studies: Are they consistent? If not, discuss possible reasons for
100 the difference.
101  Mention any inconclusive results and explain them as best you can. You may suggest additional experiments
102 needed to clarify your results.
103  Briefly describe the limitations of your study to show reviewers and readers that you have considered your ex-
104 periment’s weaknesses. Many researchers are hesitant to do this as they feel it highlights the weaknesses in
105 their research to the editor and reviewer. However doing this actually makes a positive impression of your pa -
106 per as it makes it clear that you have an in depth understanding of your topic and can think objectively of your
107 research.
108  Discuss what your results may mean for researchers in the same field as you, researchers in other fields, and
109 the general public. How could your findings be applied?
110  State how your results extend the findings of previous studies.
111  If your findings are preliminary, suggest future studies that need to be carried out.

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112 Acknowledgements
113 In this section, you can acknowledge any support given which is not covered by the author contribution or funding
114 sections. This may include administrative and technical support, or donations in kind (e.g., materials used for experi -
115 ments).

116 Author Contributions

117 Examples of such statement(s) are shown below:
118 • Free text:
119 All authors contributed to the study conception and design. Material preparation, data collection and analysis were per-
120 formed by [full name], [full name] and [full name]. The first draft of the manuscript was written by [full name] and all
121 authors commented on previous versions of the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.
122 Example: CRediT taxonomy:

123 Conceptualization: [full name], …; Methodology: [full name], …; Formal analysis and investigation: [full name], …; Writ -
124 ing - original draft preparation: [full name, …]; Writing - review and editing: [full name], …; Funding acquisition: [full
125 name], …; Resources: [full name], …; Supervision: [full name],… Please turn to the CRediT taxonomy for the term expla-
126 nation.

127 For review articles where discrete statements are less applicable a statement should be included who had the idea for
128 the article, who performed the literature search and data analysis, and who drafted and/or critically revised the work.

129 For articles that are based primarily on the student’s dissertation or thesis, it is recommended that the student is usu-
130 ally listed as principal author:

131 A Graduate Student’s Guide to Determining Authorship Credit and Authorship Order, APA Science Student Council 2006

132 Funding: Examples of statements to be used when funding has been received:

133  Partial financial support was received from [...]

134  The research leading to these results received funding from […] under Grant Agreement No[…].
135  This study was funded by […]
136  This work was supported by […] (Grant numbers […] and […]
137  Examples of statements to be used when there is no funding:

138 The authors did not receive support from any organization for the submitted work.

139  No funding was received to assist with the preparation of this manuscript.
140  No funding was received for conducting this study.
141  No funds, grants, or other support was received.

142 Data Availability: Please provide details regarding where data supporting reported results can be found, including links
143 to publicly archived datasets analyzed or generated during the study. If the study did not report any data, you might
144 add “Not applicable” here. Authors who need help understanding our data sharing policies, help finding a suitable data
145 repository, or help organising and sharing research data can access our Author Support portal for additional guidance.

146 Declarations

147 Conflict of interest

148 Authors are required to disclose financial or non-financial interests that are directly or indirectly related to the work
149 submitted for publication. Interests within the last 3 years of beginning the work (conducting the research and prepar -
150 ing the work for submission) should be reported. Interests outside the 3-year time frame must be disclosed if they
151 could reasonably be perceived as influencing the submitted work.
152 Examples of statements to be used when there are interests to declare:
153
154 Financial interests: Author A has received research support from Company A. Author B has received a speaker honorar-
155 ium from Company Wand owns stock in Company X. Author C is consultant to company Y.
156 Non-financial interests: Author C is an unpaid member of committee Z.
157
158 Financial interests: The authors declare they have no financial interests.
159 Non-financial interests: Author A is on the board of directors of Y and receives no compensation as member of the
160 board of directors.
161
162 Financial interests: Author A received a speaking fee from Y for Z. Author B receives a salary from association X. X where
163 s/he is the Executive Director.
164 Non-financial interests: none.
165
166 Financial interests: Author A and B declare they have no financial interests. Author C has received speaker and consul -
167 tant honoraria from Company M and Company N. Dr. C has received speaker honorarium and research funding from
168 Company M and Company O. Author D has received travel support from Company O.
169 Non-financial interests: Author D has served on advisory boards for Company M, Company N and Company O.
170
171 Examples of statements to be used when authors have nothing to declare:
172 • The authors have no relevant financial or non-financial interests to disclose.
173 • The authors have no competing interests to declare that are relevant to the content of this article.
174 • All authors certify that they have no affiliations with or involvement in any organization or entity with any financial
175 interest or non-financial interest in the subject matter or materials discussed in this manuscript.
176 • The authors have no financial or proprietary interests in any material discussed in this article.
177
178 Where an Editor, Editorial Board Member or Guest Editor is on the author list they must declare this in the competing
179 interests section on the submitted manuscript.
180
181 Example
182 XX is an editorial board member for XXX and was not involved in the editorial review, or the decision to publish, this ar -
183 ticle. All authors declare that there are no competing interests.

184 References

185 Reference citations in the text should be identified by numbers in square brackets. Some examples:
186 1. Negotiation research spans many disciplines [3].
187 2. This result was later contradicted by Becker and Seligman [5].
188 3. This effect has been widely studied [1-3, 7].
189
190 The list of references should only include works that are cited in the text and that have been published or accepted for
191 publication. Personal communications and unpublished works should only be mentioned in the text.
192
193 The entries in the list should be numbered consecutively. Journal names and book titles should be italicized.
194 If available, please always include DOIs as full DOI links in your reference list (e.g. “https://doi.org/abc”).
195
196 Authors are encouraged to follow official APA version 7 guidelines on the number of authors included in reference list
197 entries (i.e., include all authors up to 20; for larger groups, give the first 19 names followed by an ellipsis and the final
198 author’s name). However, if authors shorten the author group by using et al., this will be retained.
199
200 1.
201 2.
202 3.
203
204
205
206

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207  Journal article

208 Grady, J. S., Her, M., Moreno, G., Perez, C., & Yelinek, J. (2019). Emotions in storybooks: A comparison of story -
209 books that represent ethnic and racial groups in the United States. Psychology of Popular Media Culture, 8(3),
210 207–217. https://doi.org/10.1037/ppm0000185

211  Article by DOI

212 Hong, I., Knox, S., Pryor, L., Mroz, T. M., Graham, J., Shields, M. F., & Reistetter, T. A. (2020). Is referral to home
213 health rehabilitation following inpatient rehabilitation facility associated with 90-day hospital readmission for
214 adult patients with stroke? American Journal of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation. Advance online publica-
215 tion. https://doi.org/10.1097/PHM.0000000000001435

216  Book

217 Sapolsky, R. M. (2017). Behave: The biology of humans at our best and worst. Penguin Books.

218  Book chapter

219 Dillard, J. P. (2020). Currents in the study of persuasion. In M. B. Oliver, A. A. Raney, & J. Bryant (Eds.), Media
220 effects: Advances in theory and research (4th ed., pp. 115–129). Routledge.

221  Online document

222 Fagan, J. (2019, March 25). Nursing clinical brain. OER Commons. Retrieved January 7, 2020, from
223 https://www.oercommons.org/authoring/53029-nursing-clinical-brain/view

224  Standard

225 The basics of a reference list entry for a standard retrieved online:
226
227 Author.
228 Year (in round brackets).
229 Standard title (in italics).
230 Standard number (in round brackets).
231 Publisher name.
232
233 Standards Australia & Standards New Zealand. (2018). Interior and workspace lighting part 2.5: Hospital and
234 medical tasks (AS/NZS 1680.2.5-2018). SAI Global.

235  Patent

236 The basics of a reference list entry for a patent retrieved online:

237  Author or authors. The surname is followed by first initials.

238  Year (in round brackets).
239  Title of patent (in italics).
240  Patent number (In round brackets) e.g. (Australian Patent No. AU xxxxxxxxxx).
241  Name of Patent Office. e.g. IP Australia for Australian patents, European Patent Office for European
242 patents.

243 Bevitt, A. J. (2018). Litter, waste disposal and recycling app. (Australian Patent No. AU 2018100960). IP Aus-
244 tralia.
245  Conference paper

246 Paper published in conference proceedings, book form:

247 Author. (Date). Title of paper. In A. Editor & B. Editor (Eds.), Title of proceedings (page numbers). Publisher. DOI OR
248 URL if relevant.

249 S. C. (2010). Educating academic writing skills in engineering. In P. Dondon & O. Martin (Eds.), Latest trends on en-
250 gineering education (pp. 225-247). WSEAS Press.

251 Morgan, R., Meldrum, K., Bryan, S., Mathiesen, B., Yakob, N., Esa, N., & Ziden, A. A. (2017). Embedding digital litera-
252 cies in curricula: Australian and Malaysian experiences. In G. B. Teh & S. C. Choy (Eds.), Empowering 21st century
253 learners through holistic and enterprising learning: Selected papers from Tunku Abdul Rahman University College
254 International Conference 2016 (pp. 11-19). Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-4241-6_2

255 Paper published in conference proceedings, journal form:

256 Author, A. A., & Author, B. B. (Date). Title of article: Subtitle. Title of Journal, volume number(issue number), page
257 numbers of the whole article. https://doi.org/xx.xxx/xxxx
258
259 Chaudhuri, S., & Biswas, A. (2017). External terms-of-trade and labor market imperfections in developing countries:
260 Theory and evidence. Proceedings of the Academy of Economics and Economic Education, 20(1), 11-16.
261 https://search-proquest-com.elibrary.jcu.edu.au/docview/1928612180?accountid=16285

263 Conference papers, sessions and presentations Paper or session presented at conference, not formally published in
264 proceedings (also used for Poster Presentations):

265 Author, A. A. (Date). Title of Contribution [Type of contribution]. Conference Name, Location. DOI or URL if applica-
266 ble
267
268 Bland, A. (2017, November). The implementation of a junior Samoan language programme in a South Island, New
269 Zealand secondary school context [Paper presentation]. Australian Association for Research in Education (AARE)
270 Conference 2017, Canberra, Australia. https://bit.ly/37DvrHR
271
272 McDonald, E., Manessis, R., & Blanksby, T. (2019, July 7-10). Peer mentoring in nursing - improving retention, en-
273 hancing education [Poster presentation]. STARS 2019 Conference, Melbourne, Australia.
274 https://unistars.org/papers/STARS2019/P30-POSTER.pdf

276