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Diabetes: Mellitus
Diabetes: Mellitus
DIABETES
MELLITUS
MAGSICO, RAMIREZ, SONGCAL
DIABETES MELLITUS
WHAT’S A DM?
Diabetes mellitus refers to a group of diseases
that affect how the body uses blood sugar
(glucose). Glucose is an important source of
energy for the cells that make up the muscles
and tissues. It's also the brain's main source of
fuel.
The main cause of diabetes varies by type. But
no matter what type of diabetes you have, it
can lead to excess sugar in the blood. Too
much sugar in the blood can lead to serious
health problems.
THREE TYPES OF DM
TYPE 1 TYPE 2
Type 1 diabetes is a chronic illness characterized by the The pathophysiology of type 2 diabetes mellitus is
body’s inability to produce insulin due to the autoimmune
characterized by peripheral insulin resistance, impaired
destruction of the beta cells in the pancreas. Although onset
regulation of hepatic glucose production, and declining β-
frequently occurs in childhood, the disease can also develop
cell function, eventually leading toβ -cell failure.
in adults.
GESTATIONAL
GDM is usually the result of β-cell dysfunction on a
background of chronic insulin resistance during pregnancy
and thus both β-cell impairment and tissue insulin
resistance represent critical components of the
pathophysiology of GDM.
RISK FACTORS
DIABETES MELLITUS
COLLABORATIVE
GOAL NUTRITIONAL EXERCISE
The main goal of diabetes Nutrition, meal planning, and weight Exercise is extremely important in
control are the foundation of diabetes diabetes management because of its
treatment is to normalize insulin effects on lowering blood glucose and
management. The most important
activity and blood glucose levels to objectives in the dietary and nutritional reducing cardiovascular risk factors.
reduce the development of vascular management of diabetes are control of Exercise lowers blood glucose levels by
and neuropathic complications like total caloric intake to attain or maintain a increasing the uptake of glucose by body
reasonable body weight, control of blood muscles and by improving insulin
the development and progression
glucose levels, and normalization of utilization. It also improves circulation
of complications such as and muscle tone.
lipids and blood pressure to prevent
retinopathy, nephropathy, and
heart disease.
neuropathy.
PHARMACOLOGIC
In type 1 diabetes, exogenous insulin must
be administered for life because the body
loses the ability to produce insulin. In type 2
diabetes, insulin may be necessary on a
long-term basis to control glucose levels if
meal planning and oral agents are
ineffective.
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