Test Bank for Career Counseling A Holistic Approach, 9th Edition

Test Bank for Career Counseling A Holistic

Approach, 9th Edition

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1. Briefly discuss how aptitude test scores can be used in career counseling. Explain their primary use and how they can
be used as a counseling tool.
ANSWER: Major Points

1. Aptitude test scores are primarily used to predict success in an occupation or educational program.
2. As a counseling tool, aptitude test scores can be used to identify learning needs by uncovering
strengths and weakness.

POINTS: 1

2. Which inventory measures sources of satisfaction individuals seek from their work environments?
a. Work Environment Preference Schedule
b. Study of Values
c. Survey of Personal Values
d. Work Values Inventory (WVI)
ANSWER: d
POINTS: 1

3. Career maturity inventories are primary measures of:

a. Work values
b. Career development
c. Aptitudes
d. Career beliefs
ANSWER: b
POINTS: 1

4. Compare and contrast the purpose of content and criterion validity.

ANSWER: MAJOR POINTS

• Content validity: The purpose is to determine through expert opinion whether the items of a test or
inventory represent the content domain of characteristics being measured.
• Criterion validity: The purpose is to determine the degree to which test scores predict success on an
outcome criteria by relating an individual’s score to a normative group.

POINTS: 1

5. Self-Assessment procedures for career counseling may include:

a. interest identification.
b. focused questions to uncover specific variables.
c. autobiography.
d. all of the above.
ANSWER: d
POINTS: 1

6. Two of the most widely used interest inventories for career counseling are:
a. Strong Interest Inventory (SII) and the Kuder interest inventories.
b. Self-Interest Inventories and the Strong Interest Inventory (SII).
c. Strong Interest Inventory (SII) and the Holland interest inventories.
d. Career Interest Inventory (CII) and the Holland interest inventories.
ANSWER: a
POINTS: 1

7. Briefly discuss why and how counselors use self-assessment procedures.

ANSWER: 1. Self-assessment techniques are used when standardized assessment is not appropriate.
2. Client and counselor are to select each technique after an explanation of its purpose.
3. Nontraditional methods of self-assessment are used to meet the unique needs of clients.

POINTS: 1

8. A distinct advantage of the unstructured autobiography is:

a. The response is left to the client
b. More family information will be discussed
c. More general information will be attained
d. More information about desired workplaces will be discussed
ANSWER: a
POINTS: 1

9. When are assessments generally performed?

a. Mid-way during the counseling sessions
b. At the intake interview only
c. At the intake interview or follow-up
d. Only during the follow-up session
ANSWER: c
POINTS: 1

10. Counselors can learn if their client is similar to the group included in the normative sample by referring to the:
a. Counseling textbooks
b. Technical information manual
c. Internet
d. Administration manual
ANSWER: b
POINTS: 1

11. What is an alternative term for career maturity inventories that measure vocational development as specified
dimensions to judge whether an individual is vocationally mature?
a. Career development inventories
b. Career maturity tests
c. Development tests
d. Maturity assessments
ANSWER: a
POINTS: 1

12. According to the American Psychological Association standards for educational and psychological testing, validity
refers to:
a. the stability of the human trait.
b. constructs developed from theory and research.
 c. coefficients of correlation that remain high for long intervals.
d. the meaningfulness and usefulness of certain inferences based on a test score derived from a test in question.
ANSWER: d
POINTS: 1

13. Briefly discuss significant problems associated with Computer-Assisted Career Guidance Assessment (CACG).
ANSWER: 1. Validity of instruments in computer-based assessment has been questioned by researchers as well as
professional organizations.
2. Validity of CACG assessment should meet the standards for other psychometric measures.
3. Interpretative statements generated by computer-based testing also need to be evaluated for validity.

POINTS: 1

14. Who developed the Sixteen Personality Factor Questionnaire (16 PF)?
a. Holland
b. Cattell, Eber and Tatsuoka
c. Tiedeman and O’Hara
d. Super
ANSWER: b
POINTS: 1

15. What are the three categories of achievement tests?

a. Single-survey tests, diagnostic batteries and general testing
b. General survey battery, single-subject tests and diagnostic batteries
c. General survey tests, single-subject batteries and diagnostic tools
d. Diagnostic testing, achievement assessment and multiple-subject tests
ANSWER: b
POINTS: 1

16.
Identify factors that affect the stability of tests.
ANSWER: MAJOR POINTS

• How stable the human trait is itself (in nature).

• Group (gender, ethnic, etc.) differences
• Individual differences within groups
• The nature of performance
• The internal consistency of the test itself.

POINTS: 1

Match the identified instrument with its intended purpose.

a. NEO Personality Inventory-Revised
b. California Test of Personality
c. Minnesota Counseling Inventory
d. Sixteen Personality Factor (16 PF)
e. Temperament and Values Inventory
f. Myers-Briggs Type Indicator
17. The test assesses personal and social adjustment. Subscale scores are provided for the two major categories.
ANSWER: b
POINTS: 1

18. This inventory measures individual preferences by personality types: extroversion or introversion; sensing or intuition;
thinking or feeling; and judging or perceiving.
ANSWER: f
POINTS: 1

19. This inventory was designed to measure adjustment of boys and girls in grades 9 through 12. Scores yield criterion-
related scales as follows: family relationship, social relationship, emotional stability, conformity, adjustment to reality,
mood, and leadership. Scales are normed separately for boys and girls.
ANSWER: c
POINTS: 1

20. The results of this inventory include five structures or domains of personality entitled Neuroticism, Extraversion,
Openness, Agreeableness, and Conscientiousness.
ANSWER: a
POINTS: 1

21. A major part of this questionnaire has been devoted to identifying personality patterns related to occupational fitness
projections.
ANSWER: d
POINTS: 1

22. This inventory has two parts: (1) temperament dimensions of personality related to career choice, and (2) values
related to work rewards.
ANSWER: e
POINTS: 1

23. Who postulated, as early as 1956, that early personality development associated with family interactions influences
vocational direction?
a. Super
b. Tiedeman and O’Hara
c. Roe
d. Holland
ANSWER: c
POINTS: 1

24. The Career Beliefs, The Career Thoughts, and My Vocational Situation inventories are considered measures of:
a. Factors associated with a client’s lifestyle
b. Factors that are associated with undecided and indecisive clients
c. A client’s level of occupational and self knowledge
d. A client’s educational and abilities level
ANSWER: b
POINTS: 1
25. Contextual assessment areas include:
a. ethnocultural heritage, racial and ethnocultural identities, gender and sexual orientation and socioeconomic
status.
b. family of origin and multigenerational history, family scripts, individual and family life-cycle development
and stages, client’s languages and those spoken by family of origin.
c. it is not necessary to look at contextual information for assessments.
d. A and B.
ANSWER: d
POINTS: 1

26. What type of assessment has steadily increased during the last three decades?
a. Computer-assisted personal programs (CAPP)
b. Computer-assisted career guidance (CACG)
c. Independent career testing (ICT)
d. Interpretative instrumental testing (IIT)
ANSWER: b
POINTS: 1

27. Who maintained that guidelines published by The National Institute of Education (NIE) as early as 1975 led to some
progress in reducing gender bias in interest inventories?
a. Swanson
b. Kuder
c. Diamond
d. Fouad
ANSWER: c
POINTS: 1

28.
Why are validity and reliability important factors to consider?
ANSWER: MAJOR POINTS

• You want to have confidence that the person’s results are a true indicator of the construct (the person’s
interest, skills, values, etc.)
• You want to have confidence that the person’s scores will be relatively stable over time, not
dramatically different on your next meeting.
• The client is making decisions based off of the results of the inventory. Therefore, it better be a valid
and reliable tool.
• You want to make sure that the instrument is appropriate for your client, and without
reliability/validity information specific to you’re the client’s group (gender, ethnicity, and age), there
is no ability to know that for certain.
• You will have more confidence in your interventions if you have confidence in the results of the
inventory.

POINTS: 1

29. Reliability coefficients are NOT obtained by:

a. test-retest.
b. internal consistency.
c. a test given only once.
 d. alternate forms.
ANSWER: c
POINTS: 1

30. The inventory consisting of three scales — Lack of Vocational Identity, Lack of Information or Training, and
Emotional or Personal Barriers — is entitled:
a. Career Thoughts Inventory.
b. My Vocational Situation.
c. The Vocational Inventory.
d. Career Beliefs Inventory.
ANSWER: b
POINTS: 1

31. What is the purpose of specific skills identification as a self-assessment technique?

a. Determine interests
b. Enables discussion
c. Highlights relaxation techniques
d. Encourages clients to consider skills developed from a variety of experiences as important factors in career
exploration
ANSWER: d
POINTS: 1

32. List the types of achievement tests and discuss how each type may be used in career counseling.
ANSWER: MAJOR POINTS

• General Survey Battery

o These batteries measure most subjects taught in school.
o These batteries can be used in general educational planning.
• Single Subject Tests
o A profound measure of one subject content area.
o Single subject tests are used as a thorough measure of one subject for educational planning.

POINTS: 1

33. A controversial issue that has long been associated with interests inventories is:
a. Relationships between interests and attitude
b. Measurement format
c. Construct validity
d. Gender bias
ANSWER: d
POINTS: 1

34. Which inventory measures values that influence how individuals cope with daily problems?
a. Work Environment Preference Schedule
b. Survey of Personal Values
c. Study of Values
d. The Values Scale
ANSWER: b
POINTS: 1

35. What reason is given for exercising caution when using standardized tests in America today?
a. Cultural diversity
b. Cultural homogeneity
c. Finances
d. Increase in population
ANSWER: a
POINTS: 1

36. One major purpose of guided fantasy as an exercise to increase self-awareness is to:
a. uncover subconscious material that can be used in career decision making.
b. identify skills.
c. actively involve clients in concentrating on future tasks and life planning.
d. relate interests and common themes pertaining to the client’s background.
ANSWER: a
POINTS: 1

37. Who views the process of career choice on a continuum with “exploration” and “decline” as endpoints?
a. Super
b. Holland
c. Savickas
d. Crites
ANSWER: a
POINTS: 1

38. What type of test is used primarily to measure specific skills and proficiencies or the ability to acquire certain
proficiencies?
a. Aptitude test
b. Battery test
c. Proficiency test
d. Skills test
ANSWER: a
POINTS: 1

39. For what purpose is Career Beliefs Inventory used as a counseling tool?
a. To help clients identify career beliefs that can inhibit their abilities to make career decisions in their best
interests
b. To measure the degree of a person’s dysfunctional thinking
c. To help list the number of career beliefs that exist
d. To measure how dysfunctional thinking can affect the decision-making process
ANSWER: a
POINTS: 1

40. _______ is an important central concept that counselors should use in selecting and using assessment.
a. Acculturation
 b. Context
c. Interpretation
d. Information
ANSWER: a
POINTS: 1

41. The primary goal of self-assessment is to:

a. Assess one’s verbal abilities
b. Increase one’s self-awareness
c. Obtain measures of attitude
d. Save time in the counseling process
ANSWER: b
POINTS: 1

42. The test measures what it purports to measure refers to:

a. Mean
b. Reliability
c. Validity
d. Standard deviation
ANSWER: c
POINTS: 1

43. What important step can be taken by counselors to evaluate the usefulness of a score report?
a. Read the test manual carefully to determine if the client is a member of a group that has been included in the
normative sample used for validity and reliability analysis
b. Determine if a significant proportion of members from the client’s ethnic group was represented in the norm
sample
c. A and B
d. None of the above
ANSWER: c
POINTS: 1

44. The degree to which a test score is dependable and reliable refers to:
a. Standard deviation
b. Reliability
c. Validity
d. Mean
ANSWER: b
POINTS: 1

45. The following exercise is an example of which self-assessment technique?

Compose a list of your most significant problems. Circle those that are most troublesome.
a. Lifeline strategy exercise
b. Skills identification procedures
c. Focused questions and exercises
d. Structured autobiography
Test Bank for Career Counseling A Holistic Approach, 9th Edition

ANSWER: c
POINTS: 1

46. Assessment has an important role for which of the following?

a. Problem identification and interventions
b. Outcome evaluations
c. Information gathering and accurate client self-assessment
d. All of the above
ANSWER: d
POINTS: 1

47. To be assured that an inventory measures the factors associated with career development, one is to evaluate which
type of validity?
a. Content
b. Concurrent
c. Criterion
d. Construct
ANSWER: d
POINTS: 1

48.
What are some suggested steps a counselor can take to achieve equity in assessment?
ANSWER:
MAJOR POINTS

• Use tests with caution or not at all when the assessment techniques, content and norms are not
applicable to a client.
• Read the manual to determine if the client is a member of the normative sample used for reliability
and validity.
• Know the relevant background information (such as dominant language, ethnicity, etc.) on each client.
• Know or ask whether different versions of the test is available that better match the client’s
demographic information and/or needs.
• Read about how translations were completed.

POINTS: 1

49. Aptitude tests provide a basis for predicting success in an occupation or in training programs and can also be used for
which further purpose?
a. As counseling tools for career exploration
b. To determine contextual information
c. To check academic achievement
d. As counseling tools to identify career beliefs
ANSWER: a
POINTS: 1

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