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Law of Sines
The law of sines establishes the relationship between the sides and angles of an oblique triangle(non-right triangle). Law of sines and law of cosines in trigonometry are important rules used for "solving a triangle". According to the sine rule, the ratios of the side lengths of a triangle to the sine of their respective opposite angles are equal. Let us understand the sine law formula a
The ratio of the side and the corresponding angle of a triangle is equal to the diameter of the circumcircle of the triangle. The sine law is can therefore be given as,
where,
Example: Given a = 20 units c = 25 units and Angle C = 42º. Find the angle A of the triangle.
Solution:
For the given data, we can use the following formula of sine law: a/sinA = b/sinB = c/sinC
⇒ 20/sin A = 25/sin 42º
⇒ sin A/20 = sin 42º/25
⇒ sin A = (sin 42º/25) × 20
⇒ sin A = (sin 42º/25) × 20
⇒ sin A = (0.6691/5) × 4
⇒ sin A = 0.5353
⇒ A = sin-1(0.5363)
⇒ A = 32.36º
Answer: ∠A = 32.36º
h/b = sinA
⇒ h = b sinA
h/a = sinB
⇒ h = a sinB
Combining the above two expressions, we have the following sine law.
a/sinA = b/sinB = c/sinC
The triangulation technique is used to find the sides of a triangle when two angles and one side of a triangle is known. For this the sine law is helpful.
This sine law of trigonometry should not be confused with the sine law in physics.
Further deriving from this sine law we can also find the area of an oblique triangle.
Area of a triangle = (1/2) ab sinC = (1/2) bc sinA = (1/2) ca sinB
Also sine law provides a relationship with the radius R of the circumcircle,a/sinA = b/sinB = c/sinC = 2R
Cosine law: This proves a relationship between the sides and one angle of a triangle,c2 = a2 + b2 - 2ab⋅cos C
(A−B)
a−b tan
Tangent law: This has been derived from the sine law and it gives the relationship between the sides and angles of a triangle. a+b
= 2
(A+B)
tan 2
While applying the law of sines to solve a triangle, there might be a case when there are two possible solutions, which occurs when two different triangles could be created using the given information. Let us understand this ambiguous case while solving a triangle using Sine law using the following example.
Example: If the side lengths of △ABC are a = 18 and b = 20 with ∠A opposite to 'a' measuring 26º, calculate the measure of ∠B opposite to 'b'?
Solution:
Using the sine rule, we have sinA/a = sinB/b= sin26º/18= sin B/20.
However, note that sin x = sin(180º - x). ∵ A + B < 180º and A + (180º - B) < 180º, another possible measure of B is approximately 180º - 29.149º = 150.851º.
Find the angles of a triangle if the sides are 12 units, 8.5 units, and 7.2 units respectively.
Trigonometry
Grade 10 | Answers Set 1
Trigonometry
Grade 9 | Questions Set 1
Trigonometry
Grade 9 | Answers Set 1
Trigonometry
Grade 10 | Questions Set 1
Example 1: Two angles and an included side is∠A = 47º and ∠B = 78º and c = 12.6 units. Find the value of a.
Solution:
∠A + ∠B + ∠C = 180º
⇒ 47º + 78º + ∠C = 180º
⇒ 125º + ∠C = 180º
⇒ ∠C = 180º - 125º
⇒ ∠C = 55º
We shall apply the sine law to find the side of the triangle.
a/sin A = c/sin C
⇒ a = 5.62
Example 2: It is given ∠A = 47º, ∠B = 78º, and the side c = 6.3. Find the length a.
Solution:
To find: Length of a
Given:
Since, the sum of all the interior angles of the triangle is 180∘,
Therefore,
∠A + ∠B + ∠C=180º
Answer: a = 5.6
Example 3: For a triangle, it is given a = 10 units c = 12.5 units and angle C = 42º. Find the angle A of the triangle.
Solution:
To find: Angle A
Given:
Answer: ∠A = 32.36º
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