yh, ue ga A former heeps his Conversion graphs are linear graphs connecting two quantities, which chickens and rabbits ee von. Tn the following, foeacan ine ena geetat oe a vert between litres and gallons. Sraph enclosure. If there are that enables us to con’ 32 heads and 100 legs ; 6 altogether, how many Example chickens and rabbits does ae a aan — the farmer have? The graph i ry in Fig. 9.24 : Feri eK Shows the | conversion / from litres to gallons. i Fig. 9.24 | (a) Read from the graph the number of (b) Read from the graph the number of | gallons in litres in | (i) 15 litres, (ii) 40 litres, (i) 4 gallons, _ (ii) 7 gallons. | Von anil Solution From the graph, (a) (i) 15 litres ~ 3.3 gallons (point A) (>) (i) 4 gallons ~ 18 litres (point C) (ii) 40 litres ~ 8.8 gallons (point B) (ii) 7 gallons ~ 32 litres (point D) = Exercise 9f — 1, The graph shows the rate of growth of a certain plant, Use the graph to find (a) the height of the plant on the (i) 4th day of its growth, ii) 9th day of its growth and (b) the day on which the plant is about 10.5 cm tall. am Chepter 9 Linear Graphs and Thee Agger‘The graph below shows that F g of fertiliser 4. The graph below shows that an article was purchased for $2 000 and has a scrap value of $200 after 10 years. From the graph, find » js required for a land area of A m*. From the graph, find (a) how many grams of fertiliser are needed for a land area of @ 6m, (ji) 9.6 m? and (b) how much land area 280 g of fertiliser will be sufficient for. (a) the value of the article after (@) 3 years, (ii) 8 years and (b) when the value of the article will depreciate to $1 100. 5, The graph below shows the conversion from 3, The graph below shows that $50 will amount to $A after ¢ years if it is invested at 8% degrees Celsius (°C) to degrees Fahrenheit simple interest per annum. Use the graph to (°F). Use the graph to find (a) change each of the following to °F. (a) what $50 will amount to after @ 4C, Gi) 42°C, @ 5 years, Gi) 80°C. (ii) 8 years and (b) change each of the following to °C, (b) after how many years will $50 amount @ 68°F, (ii) 100°F, to @ $62, (ii) $94.6. The graph shows the conversion from Singapore dollars (S$) to Malaysian ringgit (RM) on a certain day in 1999. Use the graph to (a) change each of the following to RM, @ ssis Gi) S$34 (iil) S$49 (iv) S$54, (b) change each of the following to S$, @ RM32 Gi) RMS6 (iii) RM70 (iv) RM94, J Travel Graphs = We can use a travel graph to show a journey undertaken by a cyclist. Suppose a cyclist starts a 50-km journey at 08 00 hours. At 09 00 hours, his bike gets a puncture and he spends half an hour repairing it. He then continues his journey and reaches his destination at 10 30 hours. A graph of this journey can be plotted and is shown below. jee ate a a From the first section of the graph, we can see that the cyclist covers a distance of 20 km in the first hour (08 00 h to 09 00 h). The horizontal section of the graph (09 00 h to 09 30 h) indicates that he stops for half an hour to repair his bike. The third section of the graph is steeper than the first section. ‘This indicates that he cycles at a faster speed from 09 30 h to 10 30 h. He takes 2+ hours to travel 50 km. Thus his average speed for the whole journey is 50 2 = 20 km/h. a hepee 9 Liner Gogh and Thee Apples- Example ie weer AA technician in a computer firm drives from his workshop to service Ina housing esta, there @ customer's computer. On his way back, he stops to service another ee 1.000 married come customer's computer, The travel graph below shows his journey. iirds ofthe hus aes who are taller i their wives. are heavier: Three-quarters of the tusbands who are heavier than their wives are also taller If there are 120 wives who are taller and heavier than their husbands, how — many husbands are ‘taller than their wives? Fee ite aie (a) How long did he take to service each computer? (b) How far was his first customer from his workshop? (c) What was his average speed when he returned from his second customer to his workshop? The CD. The Business of rarreeecod Vans Graphs, from the DMS provides many activities Ss ol utio a on applications of linear (a) He took 20 minutes to service the first computer (AB). He took Ee aaa pcersen 20 minutes to service the second computer (CD). s. distance-time phs and used 4 i si in pratea trace (@) “His first customer was 9 km from his workshop (point). Explore them. Lococecece ~ © Distance travelled = 5 km Time taken = 6 minutes = 7 hour “average speed = 5 + p= 5% 10= 50 kmh Example y pepe ea, The following travel graphs show the journeys of the Chia family and the Rizal family. The Chia Janily set off from Town Q to Town P. Half an hour later, the Rizal family set off from Town P 10 Town Q. | (4) How far is Town P from Town Q? | 0) How far did each famity travel in the first 45 minutes of their respective journeys? ri Se Mts AD(c) When and where did the two families meet? (d) Which family took a longer time to complete their journey and how much longer? (e) Which family rested during their journey? At what time and for how long did they rest? (f) How far from their destination was the Chia. family at 11 36 h? (g) What was the average speed of the Rizal family for the whole journey? (h) At what time would the Chia family reach Town P if they travelled at the initial constan speed throughout their journey? Ysolution (a) Town P and Town Q are 60 km apart. (b) The Chia family travelled 7.5 km in the first 45 minutes (point A). ‘The Rizal family travelled 15 km in the first 45 minutes (point B). (c) The two families met at 12 48 h, 28 km from Town P (point C). Ma.» Lime Gre ad Th Aeonae ¢ Chia family took 5 hours to travel from Town Q to Town P (10 00h to 15 00 h). The Rizal Th @ 3 ours to travel from Town P to Town 0 (10 30 o 14 00h). family 100k 1 1 1 the Chia family took (5 ~ 31) = 1 h longer to complete the jourey. » The Rizal family took a rest a 1130 h for 1 hour (DE). © (p The Chia family was 44 km from Town P at 11 36 h (point F). speed of the Rizal family = (g) Average a = 174 kmh ic (i) Ifthe Chia family travelled at the initial constant speed, the travel graph should be a straight line obtained by producing the first section of the original travel graph. The produced section is the dotted line shown in the diagram. From the graph, the Chia family would reach Town P at 16 00 h if they travelled at a constant speed throughout their journey. — = Exercise 9g — 1. A cyclist begins his journey of 45 km at T 11 am. The graph shows his journey. | Find (a) the time he arrived at his destination. (b) the distance he travelled in the first 3 hours, (©) the time when he was 15 km from his destination, (d) how far he was from his destination at 1.30 p.m, (@) the total time he spent resting. 4 2A man leaves Town A at 10 a.m. to travel for Town C, 110 km away. First, he cycles to the bus station, leaves his bicycle there and waits for a bus to take him to Town B. Then, from Town B he travels to Town C in his friend’s car. The travel graph on the next page shows his journey. (a) How long does he take to cycle to the bus station? (b) How far does he cycle? (©) What is his cycling speed? (@) What is the speed of the bus? () What is the distance from Town B to Town C? () At what time are the man and his friend 30 km from Town C? canny Aaat 3. A salesman leaves Town P for Town Q. The travel graph shows his journey. Find (a) the time he left Town P, (b) the distance he travelled |-- before his first rest, (©) his average speed between 10.00 h and 11 00h, (d@) how long he stayed in Town Q, (©) how long he took to reach Town P from Town Q, (his average speed for the return journey, (g) the total distance he travelled, (h) the number of hours he was away from Town P, (i) the average speed for the whole journey. a Chghe 9 Lor Grph: vel Tait Ahem4, The diagram below shows the travel graphs of two men, X and Y, who travel from Town A and Town B respectively. (a) When did X leave Town A and what was his speed for the journey? (b) When did ¥ leave Town B and what was his speed for the journey? (©) How far from Town B were X and Y when they passed each other? (d) Find the time when they passed each other. (©) Who took a longer time to complete the journey and by how much longer? () What is the distance between the two towns? (g) How far was X from Town A at 4.12 p.m.? (h) How far was Y from Town B at 5.36 p.m.? 5. At9 a.m. Lina left Town X by car for Town ¥ which was 60 km away. At the same time, Ali left Town Y by car for Town X. The travel graphs show their journeys. (@) Find the average speed of Lina from 9,30 a.m. to 11 a.m. (b) Find the distance travelled in the first two hours by Lina. (©) When did Lina and Ali pass each other? (4) How far were they from Town Y when they passed each other? (©) How far did Lina travel while Ali was resting? (©) Who took a longer time to complete the journey and by how much longer? (8) What was Lina’s average speed for the whole journey? te tle Mints? Mdof Graphs Drawing The examples below show how a graph can be drawn with given information. Example F rent lengths of if) weight is attached to it. The table below shows the di different weights are attached to it, A spring stretches when a the spring when riate scales. ing appropi spring is Si4 [| a Ole x ise © tha % NS 3/8 als = at s =) 3 attached weight if the (ii) 3.8 cm long. these results us 8raph to find the Braph representing (a) Draw a (b) Use your (i) [Link] long, a Chater 9 Lowe Grphs cod Thee Applcstern(c) From your graph, find the length of the spring if the attached weight is (i) 38 (ii) 9g. (d) What is the original length of the spring when no weight is attached to it? “Solution Te $ ee (a) Use 1 cmto represent 1 g on the horizontal axis and 1 cm to represent 1 cm on the vertical axis. Plot the graph using the table of values given in the previous page. The graph is shown above. (b) (i) If the spring is 3 cm long, the weight attached is 5 g (point A). (ii) If the spring is 3.8 om long, the weight attached is 7 g (point B). (©) (i) If the attached weight is 3 g, the length of the spring is 2.2 cm (point C). (ii) If the attached weight is 9 g, the length of the spring is 4.6 cm (point D). (@ The original length of the spring with nothing attached is 1 cm (point £). Example atts, ee Draw a conversion graph for acres to hectares given that 24.7 acres Ahmad, Bala and Chong- = 10 hectares. Use your graph lin compete with one (a) to convert to hectares another in a bicycle race. Ahmad reaches the i) 10 acres, { @ finishing point 12 minutes (ii) 37 acres. ‘ahead of Bala whereas (b) to convert to acres Bala's time is 3 minutes (i) 7 hectares, | better than Chonglin's (ii) 22 hectares. | time, It is found that Ahmad’s average speed for Wes _ttan the whole journey is 5 hn/h Solution better than Bala's whereas Use a horizontal sale of 2 cm to represent 10 acres and vertical scale Ges 1 cm to represent 5 hectares, etter than Chonglin 's. A Find the length of the Since 24,7 acres = 10 hectares, we plot the point (24.7, 10) on the graph whole jounev. Paper. By joining the origin to this point, we obtain the conversion graph. Keg tet eke iw Solan Maras 2 aFrom the graph, (@) (i) 10 acres ~ 4 hectares (point A) (ii) 37 acres ~ 15 hectares (point B) (b) (i) 7 hectares ~ 17 acres (point C) (i) 22 hectares ~ 54.5 acres (point D) ‘Think: Woy is the origin on the graph? = Exercise 9h = 1, For each of the following tables, draw suitable horizontal and vertical axes using the information given. Then draw the graph. The axes for the question (a) has been done for you. rt eu a Cheghe 9 Lam Greg and The Ah sm@ x 0 Ge lke Horizontal axis: 2 cm to 1 unit. y |30 |60 | 90 (120 |150 Vertical axis: 1 cm to 20 units. ) |x | 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 Horizontal axis: [Link] to | unit. 0 |30 60 | 90 |120 | 150 | 180 Vertical axis: 1 cm to 10 units. » lee Ie oi Horizontal axis: 1 cm to 1 unit. y | 0 | 40 | 80 | 120 | 160 | 200 Vertical axis: 1 cm to 20 units. @ |x | 0 [10 | 20 | 30 “40 | 50 Horizontal axis: 1 cm to 5 units. Vertical axis: 1 cm to 1 unit. y | 0 [22 [44 66 |88 | I ( | x | 10 | 90 |170 |250 |330 | 410 [490 | Horizontal axis: 2 em to 50 units is Vertical axis: 1 cm to 10 units. y 0 14 | 28 | 42 | 56 | 70 | 84 2. The speed, V, of a car after it has accelerated uniformly for t seconds is shown in the table below: Time (t) in seconds | 0 5 10 | 15 | 20 | 25 | 30 Speed (V) in km/h_| 20 | 35 | 50 | 65 | 80 | 95 | 110 (a) Using suitable scales, draw the graph representing the results. (b) Use your graph to find the speed of the car after (7 seconds, (ii) 13 seconds, (iti) 28 seconds. (©) From your graph, find how many seconds later the car will reach a speed of () 26 km/h, (ii) 53 kav/h, (iii) 89 km/h. *3. The measurements from an experiment were recorded in the following table: x (seconds) | 0 10 20 30 40 50 y (metres) | 1500 | 1200 | 900 | 600 | 300 i} Using suitable scales, draw a graph illustrating the results of the experiment. Use your graph to answer the following questions: (a) Find the value of y when xis @ 5, (i) 18, (ili) 25, (iv) 45, (v) 47. (b) Find the value of x when y is @ 1455, (ii) 990, (iii) 480, (iv) 390, (v) 270. *4, The table below shows the telephone charge, $C, on making n telephone calls. 30 | 40| 50| 60 59 | 62| 65| 68 n|o| 10 20 sc| 5o| 53 | 56 Using suitable scales, draw a graph relating the number of telephone calls to the telephone charge. (a) From the graph, find the amount to be paid if ) he Ste Mitte 2 eee @ 15, (i) 35, (iii) 58 calls are made.(b) Find the number of calls made if the bill is (i) $55.40, (ti) $63.50. (©) Paul made 54 calls and received a bill for $61.20. Was the bill correct? If not, what shoulg have been the amount on the bill? +5. Given that a car can travel 12 km for every litre of petrol, copy and complete the following table: No. of litres 1 |-2 | 3 io | os | Gi v |e | oO No. of kilometres | 12 (a) Draw a graph using the above table of values. (b) Use your graph to find the amount of petrol used in journeys of 42 km, 56 km and 90 km, (©) Use your graph to find the distance the car can travel on 2.5 litres, 4.8 litres and 8.5 litres of petrol. *6. Given that 4 litres of water run into a bath in 8 seconds, copy and complete the following table: Time (seconds) 8 | 16 | 24 | 32 | 40 Volume of water (litres) | 4 (a) Draw a graph using the table of values above. (b) Use your graph to find the volume of water in the bath after ( 14 seconds, (ii) 20 seconds, (iii) 36 seconds. (©) Use your graph to find the time taken to fill the bath with (i) 3 litres, (ii) 13 litres, (ili) 19 litres of water. *7, It is given that S$44 is equivalent to RM100 in 2000. Draw a graph [Link] the relationship between Singapore dollars and Malaysian ringgit up to RM15O. Use your graph to find the conversion of the following: (a) Singapore dollars into Malaysian ringgit @ ssi0 (ii) $826 (ii) S$50 (b) Malaysian ringgit into Singapore dollars. () _RM30 (i) RM88 (ii) RM135 8. Draw a graph to convert examination marks out of 120 to percentages, taking 1 cm to represent 10 marks on the horizontal axis and 1 cm to represent 10% on the vertical axis, From your graph, read off as accurately as possible, {a) the percentages equivalent to 35, 50, 86 and 104 marks, (b) the marks out of 120 corresponding to 45%, 60%, 75% and 89%. (©) A pupil must score at least 80% of the total mark to obtain grade A. Use your graph to find the minimum mark a pupil must score out of 120 marks to get grade A. *9, In a city, electricity charges are calculated as follows: A fixed charge of $20 plus 30¢ per unit of electricity used. Taking 2 cm to represent 50 units on the horizontal axis and 2. cm to represent $20 on the vertical axis, draw a graph to show the charges up to a maximum of 400 units. From your graph, estimate (a) the cost of using the following units of electricity: @ 110 (ii) 235 ii) 79 (iv) 315, (b) the number of units of electricity used if the bill is: @ $47 (ii) $66.50 (iil) $95 (iv) $123.50. mm. Cherhee 9 Limcr Grohe ond The Aphecre_mem== Review Questions 9 seem 1, Draw the graphs of the following equations: (a) x24 (b) y=6 (© 5x-3y245 —(d) 3x4 4y=8 2, Use graphical method to solve the following simultaneous equations: (a) x+y=0 (b) x +2y=0 (© 3x-2y23 (@) x-2y22 3x-2y=5 Sx = dy +14 eae ince @ y= qet3 dy-x=8 »3, Given that 3x — Sy = 22 and 4x — 3y = 33, find graphically the value of 2x + y. 4, The graph shows the total cost per day EEE EEE Senet Hn aA (SC) for an output of x articles per day. 1 Hye tT rT Hitt ttt (a) Use your graph to find the total 000-4 Ure rt +H cost per day for a daily output of (i) 3 articles, (ii) 8 articles. (b) Ona particular day, the total cost was $600. How many articles were produced on that day? Ina nutrition experiment, a special diet is prepared for the experimental animals using two food mixes A and B. Mix A contains 20% protein and mix B 10%. The graph shows the combination of each mix which will provide exactly 20 g of protein. From the graph, find (a) the amount of A needed to mix with 145 g of B to provide exactly 20 g of protein, (b) the amount of B needed to mix with 68 g of A to provide exactly 20g of protein. 6. Given that P denotes the perimeter of a square of side J, copy and complete the following table: I 3 10 | 15 | 20 | 25 pee Aa(a) Draw a graph using the table of values above. (b) From the graph, find (i) the perimeter of a square of side 8 cm, (ii) the perimeter of a square of side 14 cm, (iii) the length of the side of a square of perimeter 84 cm. 7. Peter and Paul set up a business and they agree to share the profit in the ratio 3: 5. The graph shows the amounts Peter and Paul will receive depending on the profit made. Use the graph to find (a) Peter’s share if Paul receives $33 000, (b) Paul’s share if Peter receives $12 000, (©) the total profit if Paul receives $43 000. 8. On a Saturday, Ahmad left home on his bicycle at 8 a.m. and travelled 4 km at a speed of 8 ki/h directly to his school. After staying in school for CA for 2 hours, he returned home by the same route in 20 minutes. (a) Draw a travel graph with distance travelled on the y-axis and time on the x-axis. (b) From the graph, find (i) the time at which Ahmad arrived home, ii) the speed at which he travelled on the return journey. 9. A train leaves Town A at 09 00 and travels towards Town B which is 80 km from Town A at 30 km/h. After travelling 45 km, the train stops for half an hour. Then it completes the journey to Town B at 70 km/h. (a) (i) Using a scale of 4 cm to represent 1 hour for time taken from 09 00 to 12 00 on the horizontal axis and 2 cm to represent 10 km for distance on the vertical axis, draw the travel graph for this journey. Find the arrival time of the train in Town B. (ii) By adding another line to your travel graph, find the arrival time of the train in Town B if the train completes its journey at a constant speed of 30 km/h without stopping. (b) A second train leaves Town B at 09 30 and travels at a constant speed to Town A, arriving at 11 15. (@ On the same axes, draw the travel graph for this journey. (ii) Use your graph to find the time and the distance from Town A at which the two trains pass each other. 10. The following graph shows the amount received by a business firm from sales of articles and the expenses incurred in running the business each day. (a) Find (i) the expenses, (ii) the total value of sales, (ili) the profit, on the day in which 7 articles were sold, (b) How many articles must be sold each day to break even? a Chape 9 Lamar Graph and Th Appeme . —(©) How much profit is made on the day in which 10 articles were sold? (d) What happens if only two articles were sold on a particular day? 11. A company pays a salesman $M per week. The amount is made up of a basic wage of $50 plus $10 for each of the n articles he sells. Copy and complete the following table: |» | 0] 5 | 10 | 15 | 20] 25 | 30 | 35 | m | 50 | 100 | (a) Draw a graph using the table of values above. (b) From the graph, find the amount of money the salesman received in a week when he sold @ 9 articles, (ii) 22 articles, (iii) 31 articles. (©) From the graph, find the number of articles he sold when he received @) $180, ii) $240, (iii) $390. 1 Pia the value of x such that the three points A(-1, 1), B(3, 7) and C(x, -2) lie on the same straight ine, 2. Find the area of the shaded region in the diagram.