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Psychometrics and its Use in HVAC

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 PSYCHROMETRICS AND ITS USE IN HVAC

By

Manuel Calzada, PE

PSYCHROMETRICS APPLICATIONS TO HVAC

MANUEL CALZADA 1
TABLE OF CONTENTS

INTRODUCTION 3

WHAT IS PSYCHROMETRICS ? 4
AIR COMPOSITION 4
FUNDAMENTAL HUMIDITY PARAMETERS 5
Relative Humidity 5
Humidity Ratio 6
Dew Point Temperature 7
Wet Bulb Temperature 8
Enthalpy of Mixture 9
MASS AND ENERGY BALANCE EQUATIONS 9
PSYCHROMETRIC CHART 12
APPLICATIONS TO HVAC 13
Adiabatic Mixing of Two Streams of Moist Air 13
Heating and Cooling Without a Change in Specific Humidity 15
Cooling With Change in Specific Humidity 16
Space With Absorption of Heat and Moisture 17

REFERENCES
Table of Saturated Partial Water Vapor Pressure for Air at 14.69 psia 21
Sample of a Psychrometric Calculator 21

PSYCHROMETRICS APPLICATIONS TO HVAC

MANUEL CALZADA 2
INTRODUCTION

This course is designed to be a practical refresher course and reminder of psychrometrics for engineers that
already have a basic knowledge in the area of HVAC.

The beginning of this course briefly covers the basic concepts that are essential to understand the properties
and conditions of the air. After these concepts, this course covers the mass and energy conservation
equations of the first law of thermodynamics that are essential in the understanding of HVAC applications.
Examples are included to illustrate the use and calculation of the air properties.

The following section covers the benefits and use of a typical psychrometric chart. Additional illustrations
and applications of psychrometrics and HVAC problems are included. The solutions to these problems are
developed using the mass and energy conservation equations and the psychrometric chart. Typical HVAC
problems and examples are covered in this section.

A sample of a psychrometric calculator to simplify the calculations and improve the accuracy of the
problems is shown in the reference section of the course. A link to a functioning calculator (in an Excel
File) is provided in the course quiz.

PSYCHROMETRICS APPLICATIONS TO HVAC

MANUEL CALZADA 3
WHAT IS PSYCHROMETRICS ?

Psychrometrics is the study of the thermodynamic properties of the dry air when it is mixed with water
vapor. The study and analysis of these properties are especially important in applications where moisture
and heat transfer in air is critical.

AIR COMPOSITION

By volume, Dry air as it exists in the atmosphere is mainly and approximately composed of the following
constituents:

Nitrogen 78%
Oxygen 21%
Argon 0.9%
Carbon dioxide 0.03%

The molecular weight of the dry air is 28.96, and the gas constant for air is 53.3 (ft-lb force)/(lb mass)(F
absolute). These values are used to calculate some of the air properties.

When water vapor is added to the dry air, the thermodynamic properties of the moist air change
significantly based on the amount of moisture that is actually added to or removed from the air. The
amount of moisture that the air can absorb will vary from almost zero (dry air) to a maximum amount
(saturation). The actual amount of water that can be absorbed by the air depends on the actual temperature
and pressure of the air.

PSYCHROMETRICS APPLICATIONS TO HVAC

MANUEL CALZADA 4
 FUNDAMENTAL HUMIDITY PARAMETERS

Relative Humidity
Relative Humidity (RH) is defined as the ratio of the partial water vapor pressure in the air to the saturated
partial pressure of the water vapor measured at the same temperature.

Unlike a common belief in many people that the relative humidity is an indicator of how much humidity
there is in the air, relative humidity is an indicator of how close the water vapor in the air is to its saturation
point.

This concept can be easily represented in a T-S water diagram of fig. 1

Ps1
P constant lines

T1 Ts1 Pw1

Fig. 1. T – S water diagram showing the constant pressure lines

Pw1
RH = (1)
Ps1 @ T = T1

Where Ps1 is the saturated pressure of water vapor @ T1. This value is normally obtained from the steam
tables evaluated at T1. A table in page 21 provides this information.
As the vapor pressure of the air (Pw1) approaches the saturation point at T1 (Ps1), the relative humidity RH
approaches 100%.

Since the perfect gas laws are quite accurate at low pressures of air, we can apply them to the relative
humidity concept (RH):

Rw1*Tw1 / Vw1
RH = (2)
Rs1*Ts1 / Vs1
Where Rw1 = Gas constant of water vapor at point 1

PSYCHROMETRICS APPLICATIONS TO HVAC

MANUEL CALZADA 5
 Tw1 = Temperature of water vapor at point 1
Vw1 = Volume of water vapor at point 1
Rs1 = Gas constant of the saturated water vapor at point 1
Ts1 = Temperature of the saturated water vapor at point 1
Vs1 = Volume of the saturated water vapor at point 1

Notice that Rw1 = Rs1 and Tw1 =Ts1. Using this, we can develop a relative humidity equation, which is a
function of either the ratio of the specific volume of the water vapor to the saturated water vapor or the
ratio of the density of the saturated water vapor to the density of the water vapor;

Vw1 ρs1
RH = = (3)
Vs1 ρw1

HUMIDITY RATIO
The humidity ratio is also known as specific humidity and it is normally represented by (W). It is defined
as the ratio of the amount of water vapor in the air to the amount of dry air.

Using the definition and applying the perfect gas laws, and realizing that the volume of water vapor and air
is the same, we can write the following relationship:

Mw ρw Pw / Rw * Tw
W= = = (4)
Ma ρa Pa / Ra * Ta

Since the temperature of the air and the water vapor is also the same, we can use the molecular weight of
the air and the water to calculate the air and water constants: Rw = 1545 / 28.96 (lbf-ft / lbm-F) and Ra =
1545 / 18.01 (lbf-ft / lbm-F). From here the final equation for the Humidity Ratio becomes:

Pw
W = 0.622 (5)
Pa

The total pressure of the mixture is equal to the sum of the partial pressures: Pt = Pa + Pw

Pw
W = 0.622 (6)
Pt – Pw

PSYCHROMETRICS APPLICATIONS TO HVAC

MANUEL CALZADA 6
DEW POINT TEMPERATURE
The Dew Point Temperature is defined as the temperature of the air at which the water vapor reaches its
saturation point when the temperature drops at a constant pressure. This is represented by Tdp in fig.2.

Ps1
P = constant

T1 Ts1 1

Tdp

T3

Fig. 2. T – S water diagram showing the constant pressure lines and the dew point
temperature

When the temperature of the air at state 1 drops from T1 following a constant pressure line, it will reach the
saturating line at its dew point temperature Tdp. If the temperature were to continue to drop below its dew
point, the moist air will continue to remain saturated, but now the saturated pressure will decrease to the
point of temperature T3.

EXAMPLE

Calculate the partial pressure of the water vapor, the dew point, humidity ratio and density of moist air at
80F and 60 % relative humidity.

Using equation (1)

Pw1
Relative humidity RH =
Ps1
T=80F

From the steam tables we can find the value of Ps1 = 0.511 psia
T=80F

PSYCHROMETRICS APPLICATIONS TO HVAC

MANUEL CALZADA 7
 Pw1 = (0.6)*(0.511) = 0.306 psia answer

As we cool down the air at a constant pressure ( pw1 = 0.306 psia), we will reach the saturation
temperature at its dew point. Therefore we will refer back to the steam tables at the calculated saturation
pressure and we can see that the approximate saturation temperature is 65F answer

Using equation (6) and assuming that the total pressure is 14.7 psia,

Pw 0.306
W = 0.622 = (0.622) * = 0.0132 Lbm water / Lbm air answer
P t – Pw 14.7 − 0.306

The density of the air is calculated from equation (3) as follows:

ρw1
Relative humidity RH = ρw1 = ρs1 * RH
ρs1

Using the steam tables at T = 80F, we find that the saturated specific volume Vs1 = 633.1 (ft^3 / Lbm)
T = 80F

1 1
ρs1 = = = 0.00158 Lbm/ ft^3
Vs1 633.1

ρw1 = (0.6) (0.00158) = 0.000948 Lbm / ft^3 answer

WET BULB TEMPERATURE

Wet-bulb temperature is the equilibrium temperature of a stream of moist air when it is cooled down
adiabatically through the process of evaporation. This temperature is normally higher than the dew point
temperature for a given condition. The instrument used to measure the wet bulb temperature is called
psychrometer and utilizes wick that is thoroughly wetted with water. When the wetted bulb reaches its
equilibrium temperature it is called the wet-bulb temperature of the air.

This instrument is easy to use and provides useful information. The wet bulb temperature is independent of
the dry-bulb temperature and when combined together they provide all the necessary information to
calculate the properties of the moist air. The psychrometric chart is a good illustration of this concept. In
addition, the psychrometer calculator sample that is shown on Page 21 of this course (with a link provided
in the course quiz) is a tool that provides all the properties of the air when the wet and dry bulb
temperatures are known. These calculations are especially useful in any applications of typical HVAC
problems.

PSYCHROMETRICS APPLICATIONS TO HVAC

MANUEL CALZADA 8
ENTHALPY OF MIXTURE
Using the principles of the perfect gas laws to apply them to the concept of enthalpy, we have that the total
enthalpy of the mixture is equal to the sum of the partial enthalpies of the components of the mixture:

h = ha + hw (Btu/Lbm air)

using hg as the enthalpy of the saturated water vapor at a temperature T

hw = W * hg
and
ha = 0.24 * T

hg = 1061 + 0.444 * T
where T is the dry bulb temperature of the mixture.
Using these formulas we can substitute them into the general enthalpy equation:

h = (0.24 * T) + W * (1061 + 0.444 * T) (Btu/ Lbm air)

MASS AND ENERGY BALANCE EQUATIONS

Up to this point we concentrated on the fundamental psychrometric concepts which are essential to
understand the mass and energy balance equations and finally the psychrometric charts. From a basic
course in thermodynamics we know that the first law of thermodynamics indicate that mass and energy is
conserved throughout a process. This process can be a mixing, heating, cooling, humidification or drying
process.

In this course we will concentrate on HVAC applications, but the use of these principles is much broader
and can be expanded to many more applications.

The mass conservation equation can be expressed as follows:

Total mass of dry air into a system = Total mass of dry air out of the system

Total mass of water into a system = Total mass of water out of the system

In a similar way, the energy conservation equation can be expressed as:

Total amount of energy into a system = Total amount of energy out of the system

These are the equations that are used to calculate any conditions in a typical process involving moist air.

PSYCHROMETRICS APPLICATIONS TO HVAC

MANUEL CALZADA 9
A general process that involves heating or cooling and spray of water or steam and removal of water from a
system can be a complex system. In a system like this we can use the conservation equations to solve a
problem. The following illustration in fig. 3 shows a problem where heat, air and water is added or
removed from the system.

mout
min
1 2

Moisture in
Water out 3
4

Fig. 3 System where heat, air and water are added and or removed.

The energy balance equation in this illustration is as follows:

Q = Σ mout * hout − Σ min * hin

Q = ma2 * ha2 + mw2 * hw2 + mw4 * hf4 − mw3 * hf3 − ma1 * ha1 − mw1 * hw1

The mass balance equation for dry air indicates that ma1 =ma2. Using ma to represent the air mass and
factoring the dry air components,

Q = ma * (ha2 − ha1) + (mw2 * hw2 −mw1 * hw1) + (mw4 * hw4 − mw3 * hw3)

Dividing by ma and using the definition of humidity ratio (W),

mw4 * hf4 −mw3 * hf3

Q / ma = (ha2 − ha1) + (W2 * hw2 − W1 * hw1) +
ma

where hf3 and hf4 are the enthalpies of the water added or removed from the system. Now, using the water
mass balance on the whole system,

mw2 − mw1 + mw4 − mw3 = 0

Dividing by ma and using the definition of humidity ratio again,

mw4 − mw3
W2 − W1 + =0
ma

PSYCHROMETRICS APPLICATIONS TO HVAC

MANUEL CALZADA 10
Notice that if mw4 = 0, all the moisture added into the air stream is evaporated. This would be similar to the
latent heat generated by people in a room or boiling water in a kitchen, etc, the energy balance equation
becomes,

mw3 * hf3
Q / ma = (ha2 − ha1) + (W2 * hw2 − W1 * hw1) +
ma

The water balance equation becomes,

mw3
W2 − W1 + =0
ma

Substituting these into the energy equation,

Q / ma = (ha2 − ha1) + (W2 * hw2 − W1 * hw1) + (W2 − W1) * h3

Using the definition of enthalpy, h = ha + W * hw, where hw is the enthalpy of the water vapor, the

Q / ma = (h1 - h2) − (W2 − W1) * h3

In a similar way it can be noted that if m3 = 0, water is removed from the process (drying process). The use
of the energy and mass conservation principles is identical.

PSYCHROMETRICS APPLICATIONS TO HVAC

MANUEL CALZADA 11
PSYCHROMETRIC CHART
Even though the necessary calculations to determine the conditions of the moist air are readily available, it
is simpler to use the psychrometric chart. This chart is a graphic representation of the dry bulb temperature
and humidity ratio. It also indicates all the other properties of the moist air, such as relative humidity,
enthalpy, dew point, wet bulb temperature and specific volume. Any two of these properties fixes a point
in the chart and from this point, all the other properties can be determined.

The psychrometric charts are available for a specific atmospheric pressure, typically one atmosphere, but
charts can be developed for different pressures.

Fig. 4 Psychrometric Chart

The psychrometric chart represented above is the chart that is used in most HVAC applications since it
covers the normal range of temperatures for most applications. In other applications where drying or

PSYCHROMETRICS APPLICATIONS TO HVAC

MANUEL CALZADA 12
humidifying processes are involved other charts that cover higher temperatures are available and are an
identical representation of the previous chart.

The use of this chart is simple and the following illustrations indicate some of its applications.

Fig. 5 Typical applications of the psychrometric chart

APPLICATIONS TO HVAC

ADIABATIC MIXING OF TWO STREAMS OF MOIST AIR

When two or more air streams are mixed with no heat added or removed in the process, it is considered an
adiabatic mixing process.

m1
m3

m2

Fig. 6 Schematic mixing process of two air streams

PSYCHROMETRICS APPLICATIONS TO HVAC

MANUEL CALZADA 13
The air and water mass and energy balance equations used in this concept can be expressed as follows

Σ ma out = Σ main
Σ mw out = Σ mwin

Σ mout*hout = Σ min*hin
Using the case of two streams mixing into one,

ma1 + ma2 = ma3

ma1*W1 + ma2*W2 = (ma1 + ma2)*W3

ma1*h1 + ma2*h2 = (ma1 + ma2)*h3

Dividing these equations by ma1

ma2 ma1 + ma2

W1 + *W2 = * W3
ma1 ma1

ma2 ma1 + ma2

h1 + *h2 = * h3
ma1 ma1

Rearranging these two equations

ma2 W1 − W3 h1− h3
= =
ma1 W3 − W2 h3 − h2

This indicates that the mixture at point (3) of the two air streams (1 and 2) lies on the straight line that
connects the two mixing points. The length of the two segments is proportional to the ratio of the masses
of dry air from the two mixing streams. This is illustrated in the figure 7 below:

Fig. 7 Mixing process of stream 1 and 2 to produce stream 3

Example: An air stream of 5000 cfm at 40 F dry bulb and 35 F wet bulb is mixed adiabaticaly with
another stream of 2000 cfm of saturated air at 50 F. Determine the conditions of the mixture.

PSYCHROMETRICS APPLICATIONS TO HVAC

MANUEL CALZADA 14
From the psychrometric chart the conditions at point 1 are:

v1 = 12.65 (ft^3/ Lbm)

v2 = 13 (ft^3/ Lbm)

ma1 = 5000 / 12.65 = 395 Lbm dry air /min

ma2 = 2000 / 13 = 154. Lbm dry air /min

ma1 + ma2 = 549 Lbm dry air /min

Therefore the distance of the final mixture lies at 395 / 549 or 72% from point 2. Similarly the mixing
point lies at 154 / 549 or 28% from point 1.

The point lies at approximately 42 F dry bulb and 38.5 F wet bulb. answer

HEATING AND COOLING WITHOUT A CHANGE IN SPECIFIC HUMIDITY

When heating or cooling takes place in a process without change in specific humidity (W = constant), the
process is described in the psychrometric chart by a horizontal line, heating to the right and cooling to the
left.

Example: 10,000 cfm of moist air saturated at 35 F is heated to 86 F dry bulb. Calculate the amount of
heat added.

From the energy and mass conservation balance equations we can write,

Q = ma2 * h2 − ma1 * h1

ma2 = ma1

Q = ma1 * (h2 − h1)

In the psychrometric chart we can read the conditions of the two points:

v1 = 12.55 ft^3 / Lbm air

h1 = 13 Btu / Lbm air
h2 = 25 Btu / Lbm air

10,000 * 60
ma1 = = 47,809 Lbm air / hr
12.55

Q = 47,809 * (25 − 13) = 573, 705 Btu / hr answer

PSYCHROMETRICS APPLICATIONS TO HVAC

MANUEL CALZADA 15
COOLING WITH CHANGE IN SPECIFIC HUMIDITY

This process is typical of a cooling coil when there is a loss of humidity due to condensation. This process
will also produce a cooling and dehumidification effect of the air stream.

In an air stream that encounters a cooling coil, part of the air will contact the coil surface and will condense
while part of the air will bypass the surface and will not condense. The part of the air that condenses will
reduce its specific humidity (moisture is lost), and later in the process, this will mix with the part of the air
that bypassed the coil and never experienced any condensation. At the end, the two streams mix and
produce the final mixing properties of the stream. If the coil were to be infinitely long the final condition
of the process would lie on the saturation line.

The concept of bypass factor (BF) is defined as:

T discharge − T condensation
BF =
T entrance − T condensation

The value of this is the fact that each coil has a fixed value (BF) for a given amount of air that flows
through it.

The mass and energy conservation equations can be expressed as:

Q = ma1 * h1 − ma2 * h2 − mw * hw

Where mw is the amount of water removed from the cooling coil and hw is the enthalpy of the water
removed from the coil.

mw = ma * (W1 − W2)

and finally,

Q = ma * ((h1 − h2) − (W1 − W2) * hw)

Example: Calculate the heat removed from a coil that cools down 20,000 cfm of air at 85 F dry bulb and
71 F wet bulb to a final condition of 50 F dry bulb. Assume that the bypass factor of the coil in this case is
0.

If BP = 0, (T discharge = T condensation). From here we conclude that the final temperature lies on the
condensation line at 50F.

From the psychrometric chart we can read the initial and final states of the process. In addition we can read
the enthalpy of the water at 50 F from the steam tables.

Initial state:

h1 = 34.91
v1 = 14.02
W1 = 0.0132

Final state:

h2 = 20.35
W2 = 0.0077

PSYCHROMETRICS APPLICATIONS TO HVAC

MANUEL CALZADA 16
 hw = 18.11 Btu / Lbm

ma = 20,000 / 14.02 = 1,426.5 Lbm air / min

Q = 1,426.5 * ((34.91 − 20.35) − (0.0132 − 0.0077) * 18.11) = 20,627 Btu / min answer

SPACE WITH ABSORPTION OF HEAT AND MOISTURE

This is a typical HVAC application where heat (sensible load) and moisture (latent load) is added and/or
needs to be removed. This is illustrated in fig. 8.

Using the mass and energy conservation equations in this application we can write:

W2
ma2

W1
ma1

Qsens Qlatent = Σ (mw * hw)

Fig. 8 Schematic of a space with absorption of heat and moisture

The mass conservation equation:

ma1 = ma2 = ma

ma * W1 + Σ mw = ma * W2

Σ mw = ma * (W2 − W1)

Σ mw
ma =
W2 − W1

The energy conservation equation:

Qsens + Qlatent = ma * h2 − ma * h1 = ma * (h2 − h1)

PSYCHROMETRICS APPLICATIONS TO HVAC

MANUEL CALZADA 17
Notice that Qsens = 0.24 * (t2 − t1)

Qsens + Qlatent
ma =
h 2 − h1

Combining both equations:

h2 − h1 Qsens + Qlatent Qsens + Σ (mw * hw)

= =
W2 − W 1 Σ mw Σ mw

This relationship (enthalpy to humidity ratio) is known as the condition line of the specific problem and it
indicates that if we know the conditions of the exhaust air, then the conditions of the supply air must be in a
straight line represented by the enthalpy to humidity ratio. ASHRAE normally uses a protractor to
represent the slope of the condition line in many of the psychrometric charts.
Another term commonly used is the Sensible Heat Factor (SHF) which is the ratio of sensible heat to total
heat. As this ratio approaches 1.0, the slope of the process becomes more horizontal and as the ratio
decreases, the latent heat becomes greater and the slope will also become steeper.

0.24 * (t2 − t1)

SHF =
h2 − h1

Defining EWR as the Enthalpy to Humidity Ratio

h2 − h 1
EWR =
W2 − W1

Combining these two equations and eliminating the enthalpy,

0.24 * (t2 − t1)

SHF =
EWR * (W2 − W1)

From here, the ratio of dry bulb temperature to humidity ratio of the process

∆W 0.24 0.24 0.24 * Σmw

= = =
∆t EWR * SHF Qtotal Qsens Qsens
*
Σmw Qtotal

This expression reflects the slope of the condition line in a psychrometric chart. The following example
will illustrate the use of this concept in a typical HVAC application.

PSYCHROMETRICS APPLICATIONS TO HVAC

MANUEL CALZADA 18
Example. The amount of sensible heat generated in a room is 40,000 Btu / hr and the amount of moisture
gain in the room by occupants is 10 Lbm / hr. The dry bulb temperature of the air in the room is 80 F and
the humidity ratio in the room is 0.010 Lbm of moisture per Lbm of dry air. Determine the amount of air
flow required if the incoming air into the room is at 60 F.

Qsens = 40,000 Btu / hr

T2 = 80 F db W2 = 0.010 Lbm moisture per Lbm air
T1 = 60 F db
Σmw = 10 Lbm / hr

Using the equation to indicate the slope of the condition line,

∆t
2

∆W

T db

Fig. 9 Condition Line for the Example Problem

∆W 0.24 * Σmw
=
∆t Qsens

W2 − W 1 0.24 *10 2.4

= = = 0.00006
t2 − t1 40,000 40000

W2 − W1 = 0.0012 Lbm moisture / Lbm air

W1 = 0.0088 Lbm moisture / Lbm air

From here and looking in the psychrometric chart we can conclude that the conditions of the air in the state
1 are approximately:

W1 = 0.0088 Lbm moisture / Lbm dry air

T1 = 60 F db
RH1 = 80%
H1 = 24 Btu / Lbm dry air
V1 = 13.28 ft^3 / Lbm dry air

PSYCHROMETRICS APPLICATIONS TO HVAC

MANUEL CALZADA 19
Using the mass conservation equation:

Σ mw 10
ma = = = 8,333.3 Lbm of air / hr = 138.8 Lbm of air / min
W2 − W1 0.0012

CFM = (13.28) * (138.8) = 1,844 CFM answer

Some psychrometric charts include a protractor to indicate the slope of the condition line in the
psychrometric chart using either the Enthalpy to Humidity Ratio (∆h/∆W) or the Sensible Heat to Total
Heat ratio.

In some cases the accuracy of the reading on the psychrometric chart may carry some error and for that
reason is would be recommended to use a program with the appropriate equations to calculate those
properties of the air.

PSYCHROMETRICS APPLICATIONS TO HVAC

MANUEL CALZADA 20
REFERENCES
Table of Saturated Partial Water Vapor Pressure for air at 14.69 psia.
Temperature Water Temperature Water Temperature Water
Pressure of Pressure of Pressure of
the Air the Air the Air
@ RH=100% @ RH=100% @ RH=100%
F Psia F Psia F Psia

50 0.17985 71 0.37895 92 0.74917

51 0.18664 72 0.39200 93 0.77276
52 0.19366 73 0.40543 94 0.79698
53 0.20090 74 0.41926 95 0.82187
54 0.20839 75 0.43351 96 0.84742
55 0.21611 76 0.44817 97 0.87365
56 0.22409 77 0.46327 98 0.90059
57 0.23233 78 0.47880 99 0.92825
58 0.24083 79 0.49479 100 0.95663
59 0.24960 80 0.51125 101 0.98577
60 0.25865 81 0.52818 102 1.01567
61 0.26799 82 0.54559 103 1.04635
62 0.27763 83 0.56351 104 1.07782
63 0.28757 84 0.58193 105 1.11011
64 0.29781 85 0.60088 106 1.14324
65 0.30838 86 0.62035 107 1.17721
66 0.31927 87 0.64038 108 1.21205
67 0.33050 88 0.66097 109 1.24778
68 0.34208 89 0.68213 110 1.28441
69 0.35400 90 0.70387 111 1.32196
70 0.36629 91 0.72622 112 1.36045

PSYCHROMETRICS APPLICATIONS TO HVAC

MANUEL CALZADA 21
Sample of a Psychrometric Calculator

PSYCHROMETRIC CALCULATOR

INPUT

Total Pressure Pt 14.69 psia

Dry Bulb Temperature Tdb 70 F
Wet Bulb Temperature Twb 60 F

OUTPUT

Partial Vapor Pressure at Tdb Pw 0.206 Psia

Partial Vapor Saturated Pressure at Tdb Pws 0.366 Psia
Humidity Ratio W 0.00885 Lbw/Lba
Relative Humidity RH 56%
Enthalpy H 26.464 Btu/Lba
Specific Volume Va 13.544 Ft^3/Lba

PSYCHROMETRICS APPLICATIONS TO HVAC

MANUEL CALZADA 22