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numpy.linalg.svd.html
import numpy as np
n = int(input());a=[]
for i in range(n):
l = []
for j in range(n):
l.append(int(input()))
a.append(l)
A = np.array(a)
np.asarray(a)
array([[1, 2],
[3, 4]])
import numpy.linalg
array([[-2. , 1. ],
[ 1.5, -0.5]])
print(np.dot(A,inv(A)))
[[1.0000000e+00 0.0000000e+00]
[8.8817842e-16 1.0000000e+00]]
a = np.array([[1,1,1],[0,2,5],[2,5,-1]])
ainv = np.linalg.inv(a)
b = np.array([[6],[-4],[27]])
x = np.linalg.solve(a,b)
x = np.dot(ainv, b)
x
array([[ 5.],
[ 3.],
[-2.]])
matrix_rank(A)
np.transpose(A)
A.transpose()
array([[1, 3],
[2, 4]])
# import sympy
from sympy import *
import numpy as np
if pivot != r:
## Swap current row and pivot row
A[[pivot, r], c:cols] = A[[r, pivot], c:cols]
row_exchanges[[pivot,r]] = row_exchanges[[r,pivot]]
if debug: print( "Swap row"), r, "with row", pivot, "Now:";
print( A)
def ToReducedRowEchelonForm(M):
## If M is empty, no need to proceed, and just return
if not M: return
## if rows are less than column, lead variable used to check that,
for every row increment, lead incremented by 1 and if its value
greater than or equal to column count, return
lead = 0
## No of rows in Matrix
rowCount = len(M)
## No of columns in Matrix
columnCount = len(M[0])
## Iterating row of Matrix
for r in range(rowCount):
if lead >= columnCount:
return
i = r
## If leading element of that row itself 0, check next row's
leading element if its zero or not
while M[i][lead] == 0:
i += 1
if i == rowCount:
i = r
lead += 1
if columnCount == lead:
return
## Swap Rows i and r --> will happen only if lead element M[i]
[lead] equal to 0 and i is not equal to rowCount
M[i],M[r] = M[r],M[i]
lv = M[r][lead]
## Making Lead Entry -- 1
M[r] = [ mrx / float(lv) for mrx in M[r]]
## Each column will have single Non-Zero entry
for i in range(rowCount):
if i != r:
lv = M[i][lead]
M[i] = [ iv - lv*rv for rv,iv in zip(M[r],M[i])]
lead += 1
return M
# install sympy
! pip install sympy
A.T # Transpose
array([[1, 3],
[2, 4]])
# import sympy
from sympy import *
M = Matrix([[14, 0, 11, 3], [22, 23, 4, 7], [-12, -34, -3, -4]])
print("Matrix : {} ".format(M))
Matrix : Matrix([[14, 0, 11, 3], [22, 23, 4, 7], [-12, -34, -3, -4]])
Columnspace of a matrix : [Matrix([
[ 14],
[ 22],
[-12]]), Matrix([
[ 0],
[ 23],
[-34]]), Matrix([
[11],
[ 4],
[-3]])]
np.trace(A)
A==[1,2]
Eigen
import numpy as np
from numpy.linalg import eig
a = np.array([[0, 2],
[2, 3]])
w,v=eig(a)
print('E-value:', w)
print('E-vector', v)
a = np.array([[2, 2, 4],
[1, 3, 5],
[2, 3, 4]])
w,v=eig(a)
print('E-value:', w)
print('E-vector', v)
w, v = eig(np.diag((1, 2, 3)))
print(w,"\n",v)
import pprint
import scipy
import scipy.linalg as ala
pprint.pprint(ala.lu(A))
A
(array([[0., 1.],
[1., 0.]]),
array([[1. , 0. ],
[0.33333333, 1. ]]),
array([[3. , 4. ],
[0. , 0.66666667]]))
array([[1, 2],
[3, 4]])
import pprint
import scipy
import scipy.linalg # SciPy Linear Algebra Library
A = np.array([ [7, 3, -1, 2], [3, 8, 1, -4], [-1, 1, 4, -1], [2, -4, -
1, 6] ])
P, L, U = scipy.linalg.lu(A)
print( "A:")
pprint.pprint(A)
print( "P:")
pprint.pprint(P)
print( "L:")
pprint.pprint(L)
print( "U:")
pprint.pprint(U)
A:
array([[ 7, 3, -1, 2],
[ 3, 8, 1, -4],
[-1, 1, 4, -1],
[ 2, -4, -1, 6]])
P:
array([[1., 0., 0., 0.],
[0., 1., 0., 0.],
[0., 0., 1., 0.],
[0., 0., 0., 1.]])
L:
array([[ 1. , 0. , 0. , 0. ],
[ 0.42857143, 1. , 0. , 0. ],
[-0.14285714, 0.21276596, 1. , 0. ],
[ 0.28571429, -0.72340426, 0.08982036, 1. ]])
U:
array([[ 7. , 3. , -1. , 2. ],
[ 0. , 6.71428571, 1.42857143, -4.85714286],
[ 0. , 0. , 3.55319149, 0.31914894],
[ 0. , 0. , 0. , 1.88622754]])
import pprint
tuple_N = zip(*N)
def pivot_matrix(M):
"""Returns the pivoting matrix for M, used in Doolittle's
method."""
m = len(M)
for j in range(m):
row = max(range(j, m), key=lambda i: abs(M[i][j]))
if j != row:
# Swap the rows
def lu_decomposition(A):
"""Performs an LU Decomposition of A (which must be square)
P = pivot_matrix(A)
PA = mult_matrix(P, A)
for j in range(n):
# All diagonal entries of L are set to unity
L[j][j] = 1.0
for i in range(j+1):
s1 = sum(U[k][j] * L[i][k] for k in range(i))
U[i][j] = PA[i][j] - s1
print( "P:")
pprint.pprint(P)
print( "L:")
pprint.pprint(L)
print( "U:")
pprint.pprint(U)
return #(P, L, U)
A = [[7, 3, -1, 2], [3, 8, 1, -4], [-1, 1, 4, -1], [2, -4, -1, 6]]
# P, L, U = lu_decomposition(A)
lu_decomposition(A)
print( "A:")
pprint.pprint(A)
# print( "P:")
# pprint.pprint(P)
# print( "L:")
# pprint.pprint(L)
# print( "U:")
# pprint.pprint(U)
C:\Users\vansh\AppData\Local\Temp/ipykernel_18508/4260261951.py:10:
DeprecationWarning: Calling np.sum(generator) is deprecated, and in
the future will give a different result. Use
np.sum(np.fromiter(generator)) or the python sum builtin instead.
return [[sum(el_m * el_n for el_m, el_n in zip(row_m, col_n)) for
col_n in tuple_N] for row_m in M]
C:\Users\vansh\AppData\Local\Temp/ipykernel_18508/4260261951.py:49:
DeprecationWarning: Calling np.sum(generator) is deprecated, and in
the future will give a different result. Use
np.sum(np.fromiter(generator)) or the python sum builtin instead.
s1 = sum(U[k][j] * L[i][k] for k in range(i))
C:\Users\vansh\AppData\Local\Temp/ipykernel_18508/4260261951.py:54:
DeprecationWarning: Calling np.sum(generator) is deprecated, and in
the future will give a different result. Use
np.sum(np.fromiter(generator)) or the python sum builtin instead.
s2 = sum(U[k][j] * L[i][k] for k in range(j))
----------------------------------------------------------------------
-----
IndexError Traceback (most recent call
last)
~\AppData\Local\Temp/ipykernel_18508/4260261951.py in <module>
68 A = [[7, 3, -1, 2], [3, 8, 1, -4], [-1, 1, 4, -1], [2, -4, -1,
6]]
69 # P, L, U = lu_decomposition(A)
---> 70 lu_decomposition(A)
71 print( "A:")
72 pprint.pprint(A)
~\AppData\Local\Temp/ipykernel_18508/4260261951.py in
lu_decomposition(A)
53 for i in range(j, n):
54 s2 = sum(U[k][j] * L[i][k] for k in range(j))
---> 55 L[i][j] = (PA[i][j] - s2) / U[j][j]
56
57 print( "P:")
import pprint
import scipy
import scipy.linalg # SciPy Linear Algebra Library
print ("A:")
pprint.pprint(A)
print( "L:")
pprint.pprint(L)
print ("U:")
pprint.pprint(U)
A:
array([[ 6, 3, 4, 8],
[ 3, 6, 5, 1],
[ 4, 5, 10, 7],
[ 8, 1, 7, 25]])
L:
array([[ 2.44948974, 0. , 0. , 0. ],
[ 1.22474487, 2.12132034, 0. , 0. ],
[ 1.63299316, 1.41421356, 2.30940108, 0. ],
[ 3.26598632, -1.41421356, 1.58771324, 3.13249102]])
U:
array([[ 2.44948974, 1.22474487, 1.63299316, 3.26598632],
[ 0. , 2.12132034, 1.41421356, -1.41421356],
[ 0. , 0. , 2.30940108, 1.58771324],
[ 0. , 0. , 0. , 3.13249102]])
np.linalg.cholesky(A)
array([[ 2.44948974, 0. , 0. , 0. ],
[ 1.22474487, 2.12132034, 0. , 0. ],
[ 1.63299316, 1.41421356, 2.30940108, 0. ],
[ 3.26598632, -1.41421356, 1.58771324, 3.13249102]])
# Decomposing a matrix
# into Lower Triangular
for i in range(n):
for j in range(i + 1):
sum1 = 0;
# Evaluating L(i, j)
# using L(j, j)
for k in range(j):
sum1 += (lower[i][k] *lower[j][k]);
if(lower[j][j] > 0):
lower[i][j] = int((matrix[i][j] - sum1) /
lower[j]
[j]);
# Lower Triangular
for j in range(n):
print(lower[i][j], end = "\t");
print("", end = "\t");
# Transpose of
# Lower Triangular
for j in range(n):
print(lower[j][i], end = "\t");
print("");
# Driver Code
n = 3;
matrix = [[4, 12, -16],
[12, 37, -43],
[-16, -43, 98]];
Cholesky_Decomposition(matrix, n);
u, s, vh = np.linalg.svd(a, full_matrices=False)
np.linalg.svd(a, full_matrices=True)
True
smat = np.diag(s)
np.allclose(a, np.dot(u, np.dot(smat, vh)))
True