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Bauer 1997 Plastic Modulus Aisc
Bauer 1997 Plastic Modulus Aisc
ABSTRACT data. All the calculations presented below are arranged so that
A simple spreadsheet is presented which calculates the plas- the equations can be expressed as spreadsheet formulas which
tic section modulus of structural members. The method con- will be evaluated automatically by the spreadsheet program.
sists in dividing the cross section into rectangles and arrang- With a datum line placed at the top of the cross section, the
ing all calculations conveniently into a spreadsheet program. vertical distance from the datum line to the centroid, yn, of the
The basic algorithm and the required spreadsheet formulas nth rectangle is equal to (Figure 2)
are given as well as a numerical example.
INTRODUCTION
With the increasing use of the limit states design of steel where
structures, engineers often have to calculate the plastic bend-
ing resistance, Mr, of structural members, which is a function hn= height of the nth rectangle
of the plastic modulus, Z, of the cross section, that is,
M=$ZFy (1)
Datum line
where I n
<|) = performance factor
Fy = yield strength of steel.
where
where the subscript m identifies the single rectangle for which
bn= width of the nth rectangle. Equation 7 is verified. For the other rectangles through which
the neutral axis does not pass, the values
The total area, Atot^ of the cross section is equal to
?n = ^hi + hn (9)
A.tntni —
SA. (4)
are meaningless and therefore discarded.
The contribution to the plastic modulus, Zn, of each rectan-
The vertical distance, f, from the datum line to the neutral
gle through which the neutral axis does not pass is equal to
axis, which divides the cross section into two portions of
equal areas, is determined by noting that if the neutral axis Z„=A n abs(5j (10)
passes through the nth rectangle, we must have
where the distance from the neutral axis to the centroid of the
nth rectangle, <3n, is equal to Figure 3a.
-^ = y£Ai + bnfin (5)
an = f-yn (11)
The contribution to the section modulus, Zm, of the rectangle
or
through which the neutral axis does pass is equal to Figure
H - l 3b.
-5>
k=- (6)
—
Datum line
where hn positions the neutral axis as shown is Figure 2. The
rectangle through which the neutral axis passes is determined
from the fact that it is the only one for which Neutral axis
(a)
u
n
*-
b„
Datum line
L
| i... 1 ' Datum line
i
l-n-l 1 1 1 k
1 1
yn ?
Kn h
1 Neutral axis ' —— , Neutral axis ,'
i 2 : k
i ' h m -fi m
(Centroid of ^ 2
rectangle n m
n j '
i
'r
(b)
Figure 2. Figure 3.
An (3) F9 C9*D9
SPREADSHEET FORMULAS
The spreadsheet formulas required for the calculation of the G9
D8+G8
plastic section modulus correspond to Equations 2 to 13 given
/=1
above. There must be as many sets of formulas, arranged in
rows in the spreadsheet, as there are rectangles into which the A 7 - 1 H9
cross section is divided. Assuming that the cross section to be F8+H8
/=1
analyzed is composed of 3 rectangles (see the example be-
low), there would be 3 sets of formulas, arranged in 3 rows, hn (6) 19 ($F$4-H9)/C9
say rows 9 to 11 in the spreadsheet. The formulas for the first
Yn (7) and (9) J9 IF(AND(I9>0;I9<=D9);G9+I9;0)
rectangle, in row 9, would be as shown in Table 1.
Note that the syntax used with the formulas given in Table dn (11) K9 IF(J9=0;$J$5-E9;'Neutral Axis')
1 is that of Microsoft Excel. The formulas can be easily
IF(J9=0;ABS(K9)*F9;C9*l9A2/2
Zn or Zm (10) and (12) L9
+C9*(D9-l9)A2/2)
CONCLUSION
A simple spreadsheet is presented which can be used to
calculate the plastic section modulus of structural members.
It should be useful to design engineers, especially when there
are many values to be calculated.
APPENDIX I. NOTATION
An = area of the nth rectangle
(b) Afoul = a r e a °f m e entire cross section
bn = width of the nth rectangle
Figure 4. Fy = yield strength of steel
L
Column—> C D E F G H I J K
1
U'Row
3
1 4
1 Atotaj/2 = 1100
6 n-l n-l
V t
7 n bn K yn A, 1=1
2>i K X 1 Zn
18
1 190 1 ! 125 $ 4 1000 0 0 8.8 0 20.667 20666.7|
52400J
11 3 75 *| 112 600 108 1600 -6.667 0 -87.33
Note:
!•• !iii Indicates input d ata.
Figure 5.