Professional Documents
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Explanation: Beta measures the sensitivity of a scrip/ portfolio vis-a-vis index movement over
a period of time, on the basis of historical prices. A beta of 1 indicates that the security's price
will move with the market. A beta of less than 1 means that the security will be less volatile
than the market. A beta of greater than 1 indicates that the security's price will be more
volatile than the market. For example, if a stock's beta is 1.3, it's theoretically 30% more
volatile than the market.
So, to obtain a hedge for a portfolio of shares, one has to sell Nifty futures.
The beta of a portfolio in the above case is 1.20. The portfolio value is Rs 25 lacs.
25 Lacs x 1.20 = Rs 30 lacs. Therefore, to get a complete hedge for this portfolio, Nifty worth
Rs 30 lacs have to be sold.
Explanation: To do a long straddle strategy one has to buy a call and a put option of the same
strike price and expiry. Together, they produce a position which will lead to profits if the
market / stock is very volatile and it makes a big move - either up or down.
For e.g.- A person buys a Rs 200 call at Rs 30 and a Rs 200 put at Rs 20 of a stock. If the stock
rises significantly the call will rise greatly but his put will fall by maximum Rs 20. So, he makes
a good profit. If the stock falls significantly, he loses his call money buy gains greatly in the
put option as it rises.
Thus, the Long Straddle is used when a trader expects a big move in the stock -in any direction
is ok.
Question 9. A member has two clients C1 and C2. C1 has purchased 800
contracts and C2 has sold 900 contracts in August XYZ futures series.
What is the outstanding liability (open position) of the member
towards Clearing Corporation in number of contracts?
A. 800
B. 1700
C. 900
D. 100
Question 10. Mr. X purchases 100 put option on stock S at Rs 30 per
call with strike price of Rs280. If on exercise date, stock price is Rs 350,
ignoring transaction cost, Mr. X will choose ________
A. To exercise the option
B. Not to exercise the option
C. May or may not exercise the option depending on whether he is in his hometown or
not at that time.
D. May or may not exercise the option depending on whether he like the company S or
Not.
Question 13. Mr. Kailash has bought 200 shares of ABC Industries Ltd.
at Rs.850 per share. He expects the price to go up but wants to protect
himself if the price falls. He does not want to lose more than Rs. 4000
on this long position. What should he do?
A. Place a limit buy order for 200 shares Rs.830 per share.
B. Place a limit sell order for 200 shares Rs. 830 per share.
C. Place a stop loss sell order for 200 shares Rs.830 per share.
D. Place a limit buy order for 200 shares at Rs.870 per share.
Explanation: Mr. Kailash will make a loss if the price of ABC Industries Ltd. falls. His loss
bearing capacity is Rs 4000. Therefore 4000 / 200 shares = Rs 20.
So, if the shares fall by Rs 20, he will make a loss of Rs 4000.
850 - 20 = 830. Therefore 830 will be his stoploss price and he will place a stoploss order at Rs
830.
Question 14. Mr. Ashu has bought 100 shares of ABC at Rs 980 per
share. He expects the price to go up but wants to protect himself if
price falls. He does not want to lose more than Rs. 1000 on this long
position in ABC. What should Mr. Ashu do?
A. Place a stop loss order for 100 shares of ABC at Rs 990 per share
B. Place a stop loss order for 100 shares of ABC at Rs 970 per share
C. Place limit buy order for 100 shares of ABC at Rs 990 per share
D. Place a limit sell order for 100 shares of ABC at Rs 970 per share
Explanation: Mr. Ashu will lose Rs 1000 if the ABC share will fall by Rs 10 as he has 100 shares
and a 10 rupee fall will lead to Rs 1000 loss.
He has bought at Rs 980. So, he will put the stop loss order at Rs 970 (980 - 10).
A. Margin at risk
B. Price at risk
C. Volume at risk
D. Value at risk
Explanation: As per the recommendations of Dr. L.C. Gupta Committee - Margins should be
based on Value at Risk Methodology at 99% confidence.
Clearing corporation charges an upfront initial margin for all the open positions of a Clearing
Member. It specifies the initial margin requirements for each futures/ options contract on a
daily basis and also follows Value-At-Risk (VAR) based margining.
Question 19. You have bought a call option of XYZ stock of strike price
400 at a premium of Rs 30. The current spot/market price is Rs 410. At
what market price will this call breakeven?
A. 370
B. 400
C. 430
D. 440
Question 23. A trader Mr. Raj wants to sell 10 contracts of June series
at Rs.5200 and a trader Mr. Rahul wants to buy 5 contracts of July
series at Rs. 5250. Lot size is 50 for both these contracts. The Initial
Margin is fixed at 10%. They both have their accounts with the same
broker. How much Initial Margin is required to be collected from both
these investors by the broker?
A. Rs 2,60,000
B. Rs 1,31,250
C. Rs 3,91,250
D. Rs 1,28,750
Explanation: Payment of Initial Margin by a broker cannot be netted against two or more
clients. So, he will have to pay the margin for the open position of each of his clients.
So, margin payable for Mr. Raj is: 10 x 5200 x 50 at 10% = Rs 2,60,000
Margin payable for Mr. Rahul is : 5 x 5250 x 50 at 10% = Rs 1,31,250
Total = Rs 3,91,250.
Question 24. Mr Ranjan sold a ABC stock put contract of Rs 300 strike
price at Rs 28. What will be his profit / loss if he buys it back at Rs 13.
The lot size is 1000 shares.
A. 18000
B. -18000
C. 15000
D. -15000
Question 25. Dividends which are below _______ of the market value
of the underlying stock, would be deemed to be ordinary dividends.
A. 5%
B. 10%
C. 2%
D. 20%
Explanation: Dividends which are below 2% of the market value of the underlying stock,
would be deemed to be ordinary dividends and no adjustment
Question 27. If you sell a put option with strike of Rs 245 at a premium
of Rs.40, how much is the maximum gain that you may have on expiry
of this position?
A. 285
B. 40
C. 0
D. 205
Question 28. You have taken a short position of one contract in June
XYZ futures (contract multiplier 50) at a price of Rs. 3,400. When you
closed this position after a few days, you realized that you made a
profit of Rs. 10,000. Which of the following closing actions would have
enabled you to generate this profit? (You may ignore brokerage costs.)
A. Selling 1 June XYZ futures contract at 3600
B. Buying 1 June XYZ futures contract at 3600
C. Buying 1 June XYZ futures contract at 3200
D. Selling 1 June XYZ futures contract at 3200
Question 29. You sold a Put option on a share. The strike price of the
put was Rs 245 and you received a premium of Rs 49 from the option
buyer. Theoretically, what can be the maximum loss on this position?
A. 196
B. 206
C. 0
D. 49
Explanation: As Mr A has not squared up his position, the exchange will do it and the same is
done at the CASH MARKET CLOSING PRICE.
So, Buying Price - Rs 500
Sq Up price - Rs 510
Profit of Rs 10 x 250 lot = Rs 2500
Question 31. Financial derivatives provide the facility for __________.
A. Trading
B. Hedging
C. Arbitraging
D. All of the above
Question 32. The buyer of an option cannot lose more than the option
premium paid.
A. True only for European options
B. True only for American options
C. True for all options
D. False for all options
A. Rho
B. Theta
C. Gamma
D. Vega
Question 35. _______ is a deal that produces profit by exploiting a
price difference in a product in two different markets.
A. Hedging
B. Trading
C. Speculation
D. Arbitrage
Explanation: Arbitrage means buying a security in one market while simultaneously selling
the same security in a different market, to benefit from price differential.
Question 36. Clients' positions cannot be netted off against each other
while calculating initial margin on the derivatives segment.
A. True
B. False
Explanation: Buyers of Options pay the premium and that is the maximum loss they can suffer
- so they need not pay any margin.
A seller of options receives the premium but he can suffer infinite losses - so margins are
collected both from sellers of Call and Put options.
Question 42. Impact cost is low when the liquidity in the system is
poor.
A. True
B. False
Explanation: Arbitrage means buying a security in one market while simultaneously selling
the same security in a different market, to benefit from price differential.
Explanation: All modern stock exchanges have highly developed online surveillance systems
to monitor the volumes / position and prices of all listed products and also check any unusual
activity etc. in them.
Question 48. Which of these CALL options is Out of The Money (OTM)?
A. The spot price is Rs 350 and strike price is Rs 330
B. The spot price is Rs 350 and strike price is Rs 370
C. The spot price is Rs 350 and strike price is Rs 350
D. Depends on the Delta of the option
Explanation: CALL OPTION: An agreement that gives an investor the right (but not the
obligation) to buy a stock, bond, commodity, or other instrument at a specified price within a
specific time period.
It may help you to remember that a call option gives you the right to "call in" (buy) an asset.
You profit on a call when the underlying asset increases in price.
Explanation: Clearing Corporation or the Clearing House is responsible for clearing and
settlement of all trades executed on the F&O Segment of the Exchange.
Clearing Corporation acts as a legal counterparty to all trades on this segment and also
guarantees their financial settlement.
The Clearing and Settlement process comprises of three main activities, viz., Clearing,
Settlement and Risk Management.
Question 54. In which option is the strike price better than the market
price (i.e., price difference is advantageous to the option holder) and
therefore it is profitable to exercise the option?
A. Out of the money option
B. In the money option
C. At the money option
D. Higher the money option
Explanation: A long position in any option can be closed by selling that option and not in any
other way.
So, a long position in a CALL option can be closed by selling that CALL option.
Question 56. A member has two clients Rohit and Mohit. Rohit has
purchased 100 contracts and Mohit has sold 300 contracts in March
Tata Steel futures series. What is the outstanding liability (open
Position) of the member towards Clearing Corporation in number of
contracts?
A. 100
B. 300
C. 400
D. 200
Explanation: For a member i.e., Stock Broker, the liability will be the sum of all the contracts
of all his clients. The contracts cannot be netted in between two clients. So, in this case the
sum of contracts is 100 + 300 = 400 contracts.
Explanation: Price of a future contract is generally the spot price plus interest for the time
period.
Yearly Interest Rate is 12%. Full year's interest = 12% of 200 i.e., Rs 24 (200 x 12 / 100)
So, for 3 months the cost of interest is Rs 6. (24/12 x 3)
Therefore the 3-month future contract will have a price of appx. Rs 206. (200 + 6)
Question 62. Which of the following options on ABC Ltd stock with a
strike price of Rs.500 has the highest time value?
A. Option expiring in a week
B. Option expiring in one month
C. Option expiring in two months
D. Option expiring in three months
Explanation: Initial margin requirements are based on 99% value at risk over a one daytime
horizon.
Question 68. If an investor buys a call option with lower strike price
and sells another call option with higher strike price, both on the same
underlying share and same expiration date, the strategy is called
___________.
A. Bullish spread
B. Bearish spread
C. Butterfly spread
D. Calendar spread
Explanation: The prices are exclusive i.e., without any brokerage. Brokerage is added later
and is reflected in the contract note.
Question 70. Which is the ratio of change in option premium for the
unit change in interest rates?
A. Vega
B. Rho
C. Theta
D. Gamma
Explanation: Higher volatility means higher risk and higher risk means one has to pay a higher
premium.
Explanation: As per the rules of SEBI and Stock Exchanges, the notional value of gross open
positions at any point in time in the case of all Futures and Options shall not exceed a
particular percentage of the liquid net worth of a member.
So, a member (Mr Ram) who keeps higher liquid assets as security and margin with the stock
exchanges will get higher exposure limits.
Question 77. Operational risks include losses due to ____________.
A. Inadequate disaster planning
B. Too much of management control
C. Income tax regulations
D. Government policies
Question 79. A put option gives the buyer a right to sell how much of
the underlying to the writer of the option?
A. Any quantity
B. Only the specified quantity (lot size of the option contract)
C. The specified quantity or less than the specified quantity
D. The specified quantity or more than the specified quantity
Question 80. Fixed deposits and Bank guarantees are NOT permitted
to be offered by Clearing Members to the Clearing Corporation as part
of liquid assets - State whether True or False.
A. True
B. False
Explanation: Clearing member is required to provide liquid assets which adequately cover
various margins and liquid Net-worth requirements. He may deposit liquid assets in the form
of cash, bank guarantees, fixed deposit receipts, approved securities and any other form of
collateral as may be prescribed from time to time.
Question 81. Three Call series of XYZ stock - January, February and
March are quoted. Which will have the lowest Option Premium (same
strikes)?
A. January
B. February
C. March
D. All will be equal
Question 82. In the case of Foreign Portfolio Investors (FPIs), the gains
or losses arising from derivatives transactions on a recognized stock
exchange are taxable as _________
A. Long-term capital gains
B. Short term capital gain
C. Speculative gains
D. Income from other Sources
Question 85. The main objective of Trade Guarantee Fund (TGF) at the
exchanges is ___________
A. To guarantee settlement of bonafide transactions of the members of the exchange
B. To inculcate confidence in the minds of market participants
C. To protect the interest of the investors in securities
D. All of the above
Question 86. Who is eligible for clearing trades in index options?
A. All Indian citizens
B. All members of the stock exchange
C. All national level distributors
D. Only members, who are registered with the Derivatives Segment as Clearing
Members
Question 89. If the lot size of Reliance Industries future contract is 500
shares, what will be the lot size of its Option contract?
A. 500
B. 250
C. 100
D. 1000
Explanation: The lot size of a Futures Contract and Options Contract are always the same.
Question 90. When compared to cash market, there are more chances
that an investor does not properly understand the risks involved in the
derivatives market. True or False?
A. True
B. False
Explanation: Derivatives market and mainly the options market are difficult to understand
when compared to cash markets.
Question 91. When you buy a put option on a stock you are owning,
this strategy is called ________
A. Straddle
B. writing a covered call
C. calendar spread
D. protective put
Explanation: Protective Put is a calendar risk-management strategy that investors can use to
guard against the loss of unrealized gains.
The put option acts like an insurance policy - it costs money, which reduces the investor's
potential gains from owning the security, but it also reduces his risk of losing money if the
security declines in value.
Question 92. The intrinsic value is the difference between Market Price
and Strike Price of the option and it can never be negative.
A. True
B. False
Explanation: For an option, intrinsic value refers to the amount by which option is in the
money i.e., the amount an option buyer will realize, before adjusting for premium paid, if he
exercises the option instantly.
For call option which is in-the-money, intrinsic value is the excess of market price over the
exercise price. For put option which is in-the-money, intrinsic value is the excess of exercise
price over the market price.
Question 93. A trader sells a lower strike price CALL option and buys a
higher strike price CALL option, both of the same scrip and same expiry
date. This strategy is called _______
A. Bearish Spread
B. Bullish Spread
C. Long term Investment
D. Butterfly
Explanation: A bear call spread is a limited profit, limited risk option strategy that can be used
when the options trader is moderately bearish on the underlying security.
It is entered by buying call options of a certain strike price and selling the same number of call
options of lower strike price (in the money) on the same underlying security with the same
expiration month.
Question 94. When the near leg of the calendar spread transaction on
index futures expires, the farther leg becomes a regular open position.
A. True
B. False
Question 95. The type of volatility which is derived from the option
price and indicates the volatility expected over the life of the option is
termed as ____________.
A. implied volatility
B. historical volatility
C. expected volatility
D. forecast volatility
Question 96. Higher the price volatility of the underlying stock of the
put option, ___________.
A. Higher would be the premium
B. Lower would be the premium
C. Nil (zero) would be the premium
D. Volatility does not effect put value
Question 97. A European call option gives the buyer the right but not
the obligation to buy from the seller an underlying at the prevailing
market price "on or before" the expiry date.
A. True
B. False
Question 98. Trader A wants to sell 20 contracts of August series at Rs
4500 and Trader B wants to sell 17 contracts of September series at Rs
4550. Lot size is 50 for both these contracts. The Initial Margin is fixed
at 6%. How much Initial Margin is required to be collected from both
these investors (sum of initial margins of A and B) by the broker?
A. 2,70,000
B. 5,02,050
C. 2,32,050
D. 4,10,000
Question 99. You sold one XYZ Stock Futures contract at Rs. 278 and
the lot size is 1,200. What is your profit (+) or loss (-), if you purchase
the contract back at Rs. 265?
A. 16,600
B. 15,600
C. -15,600
D. -16,600