"HSC Higher Hath EE. beh ag [rar] | * “Higher! ih (tf! chaplem o apffer eatia wr iri . oo Ter i fairer rT — fake tae ame ard ian Ew or wd casa arent ie SNR “ayitfarar sre war oT — Annay (ate 2 qe) 1850, 7M! Tames. oseph, Sylyesien, aT Hair, a a aa meer’ (318 ‘ea Hatten) TT ee UR erat tun Cyl = TT | 6 ise mer et errr A fhemaire on fe, theory of malriees” —faeraaAt varrom ara finthur Coyky ao eran factor aie Ware Tet co aT 18 TO — MPT ae RTS FE | 1 1683 sired — Faearre rae cor, san — Seki Takka, ith » da _.Defination auth sea aaakea prgerer Reqor a C2 (JOS wa 1 ra og, ANT TD AYTEG (Macs) | Enhy of Matin Tarra aU ar orem yar Matix. sf, we, Hac 9 Enhy a RG “aor | r tol vy Y oa ence Renanke amie temerera itr tar tem wei Tae area ee always capital ete a Wes FET alunys small letter, fe Ris iss oy noah ay ee Rov tolenn ofa Haig — *ogfeaen = Pore amt (ty ee dn rg a (con) “ari o tars) hey uy yl “Dz i “fea a wi 124 ei@f ten | tt dh sare gti Mpa! TaATap = 2 wera : ia : Wo [he Sige WW sce 9Ondere of, Matrix. CM Cera HITE] Ns TET Tale cat AGIA row TRAIT =m eat TTT ART Tora ork afer. meme mxn (Read. mb A). cee ys rae aalaatia seta arate (mxn) 2 | cnr bey Cer xg A= AR ORT = (Aiadans be hls Aipormn c+ i] swe ime =[Asaxg sii dow’ “Bhhy TE =|/X tM - - ~ vA 5 5 ft tel TAY RTI ai E = ria hay ge a 6-{3}- BAL =z. ¢. e=lb glo ax t OME PS RUT yds ef ; 215 12 r=[saé 5 iP on aa Pg ast ifee oe at bi fare ee w= Eh rk] 8= [ay aly Row apices ar = hn CATR | at 08. TTT AGT (column Hebi iy Ter apier ware waif eam a oe Tar se Column Ae AIT = ML 64 OO L rower 03. Rectangular Matrix sean 4h , | 4 “er Oar ENA. NOM RT «A ROT OPA Sor Reetangulan, Matrix IG | Aaja ee ‘ : 4 sje04 Syinne Matnin (PT AMGAT) Vo he A a Fry * cr are may rn 7 9 a6 a, ace Saelh : ba a-le ec 5 SBR} Ahi Se SPW be he aba We A, Flor ate 159 i nxn —> nae at afer Lei aii ae 0 ey er (Lending erty) —» eH row, @ SA colin A sine “er xe vor | : qajoi x | ; : . oy oy | Mame wre ss Ck Zz bow 4 F 3 © Diagonal of a. square Matrix enises oy Diogonal Bo wi Leading Seeondaicy z Leading diggonal ¢ ape fr a One, BEIT UA | Seecindany diagonals eos oe at OT le THI ~ me ; silepait { Seeondary disgonal) c a_i ' ( A= LN y ok BaP (Leading Dogan)ft] i Traces Ae sara RTA pa tae) 4 a ! ‘ noe ol Sl pecettoe | 203 . : 05, Diagonal Maitix (ai aaiay) ame: er arrears afer eda fener wes ec ON ° Cer wef aE ae | ad 9g a.0 O] - cok oe ES = beh A= 02 of: es i "Porot thi estelradier totic oversee Ter é z ' =|? ° =f lag ja) al? 5] B F | ie” ® 901 me ade thi ve 1-2 9 “eps are <5 2 09 a 04 - I-X=3 > X=-G ° Oo Y-3 J3=5>y9=807. Teniily Matix, (WOOP ATP) 5 Tar Ta ere ies hf m9 of 9 1 ar ry ar a ‘a ' fr oo 6 pate! 4 he i ‘| Ty=|9 100 0.0 | 0010, ' 06001 ae is > | i} ~ arm ae 1) @ \ eR ash tel a nal Th be VE AE [Taentity Mednix —a Sealare, Madrax —> Diagonal Matrix —7 Square Matrix] 08. afay MIME (Zero, Malrix) wa masse ore ar 00 0000 a-[? ‘| =| 06 3] eae eee a = operon AIC ER HRT aeaTTCA IE DH sheoer ITETET (upon ‘triangebettadndx) ' , [fer et af mara Serr aren eer 7304 _ re _ ea “Bee . : €, | ee 0 ONG Aes yi u tra Foyer aria (Lover, Triangulart Medes) Af wail Bi amifer Sat AF @ Ura fares yet ORAM) ras, OTA ST ae oT: ore ae apes amar TT NS | oo vei BS a} ay =O TATE I<. be oii BN eo at Pe a er ieaprore/ fer yffer aniston, |! 4 tte rey ster TAT ae, samnaere sfie afi er wr amlyar ment =r, ee oe er A—— ATA AE : Pe ii PME aT fe gs aledeGes sedis fe , Aa]a elf aT he ey fe = 4 hil eR ye “ath, iter on sem pea We 9 Lorem arf ea ET (nema)Remar] : Olaytea mi owy te ay @ (A+8)"=(ar+ 67); (A- eta ater - @ (nay = eta pos Lo a! Oly KAT ay 13, ofosRT omer (Syrnenatie sai verte of aplger aur pre ae ala alll ate aH ' a fit Fe A=|2 = M23 7 Ea [Peal V4 cPeenfoorar agrer ( Skewsqmmaic Hatrgs) 0s wrath IMG aT: A 9 Te “ath wear a faery eat Tel | ‘s wes aw gq =2, 78 a 2 3 A=le. a, ,41/ 3 At= -2 9 _4 34, 6 -3 4 415. Sere area (idem olen Mala) att =F pw Aga oa) An =A) Ar=A aye seat eT a=! 0 0 ‘ 100 ry & “10 100 AA Hl 1 gfx ok “Of 4 qa a 0 4] fioro -t loro +040 0F040 =lororo’ o+!ta oF0t0 | hg : + tg. Tease safer (Lnvolidayy Malnix) 2! é] o= 0 1,0, 0 ° Be ee hemeact mine meet ie: a0) . are I , : ‘al’ 4 de ogypiey a-j >? “AXA -|s St aye [+B 4]: Lo Ta [a5 a Pet © Alte iin]! us [-za420 “15416 | ; o | -{ Penh| 17. Braga (Sub Malnix, . i Tera vet anes ons ar var aaa wate PRar “antfarer wranteer Ter | ie Pe § 4 mf. A=|258 5 ks 369 he =[3-609] (8. ongrat “aT (Conjugele Halrax) » tere ei igre afr af Sgr er, GT ea ROTA aba rs gat aii mr fier ato age. nara od oe ee: xre1 so] x741=0 FT = ifioh) 3>x =1 [= xr=-1 = imaginary ax=tL [2 x=tFT * A+ ib— imaginary 7 Li peat : * -arib—a-ib; amie We he gh ws Biba IE EEDi > 6-5i rapes oH DD Sh ge Ee ati 3 i fat 8, a=| pot Fe w -4 5 ite 5 -l+G a a4 \ fossil NB ergata wT wraFaTae FATA toa alugys change. | wong wa unmat SiePeet Madnéx (bara yr) Wis Gar algae: a weary vate peated a antag matrix, : aT tose sinx’ : ee Sin -sinx, cosx| 7 ] ginx, 405% A. at =| Oo*% sinx || aosx -3inX ~sing cosx|| sinx eas f 2 a an cop sit ~ cx: “sin cases? sini eas a tose-sin save tk ie we bay —— atta, ee eT aT ra, kk REA TAT parca altica Adaa — aotl j eo k=l = FIA k= 8 emir s aged reins iyQagratiboana Aya Wenmilian Maing)» ° =f — Caer oF ar rc og Fat omar am core water FITS TT io “ce i omer 3 Fil te aH3i v | K 4345i a=| Ja fs >a =] #A 3-bi 3t5i TBAB. B- SIP [gp gi 3-5 AA (tn wai “afro he mek oe 4 omer ava we frustatra ane! A> 4 lA - A> Freafafaara i ye 1 be el a a ter Tet |: aie bi 0 Bi 0 aoFST 70 (euity of Matin) OAC 8 ua onde AAT “L4e-THustration, “E air AGB aa Onder FATA | (2x2) meek ys plasy vs0 a Lier i AP, A168 HAE a RUF antiey AWB AMT sei nor saa A Gass ‘eSerRTe a LAT ( cee Je... , iy dea anit FE me . -[; ac Th AD -egtpa : CMatrix Algebra. tanh © Rg Ol. Addition and Subfraclion of; 4wo madriees sr ses ania ah ayia rer reg! FTA TTA 7 &=/2] e=|7:7] . are =x, nit possible Lye L5G pe | . "A ayy a]att 343 _Jpé 2a 049 540] [9 5 *” as q. on ws = i " 1 = J 1 : et a baquk 12) ap ebake a i426]!92 Sealart Multiple of Hainiees hee Tati, ea fay re kale reat CURT kA = Aug afeti gta, aay kit RO yo a b- + w t Palco oe: sil wm bog 2 uke e Ml Hw SAS “w= 40-9849 =9 32. 16 -4 0 4 te 1 ud i 20° Id po 3 .¢ 3 “12 18 6G mY) 18 6 5], ; , 3B = «| f . 1‘ se ss 1 ‘ M - ier a nace lt o'-4] Few) Taig F ‘0 que ]3 9 2+) 9 6 «2% lis ws] lise us BR+-12)4s I-18 +6 “4-43 SO-94+9 h-a4¢ cae 20-15 HIB I~ 1RHKg 22-3415 [ei =| 6 1c Ag Ela09. AE ~ e aE alt ns 8 sony zat hi, 4 1-3 (hae) = 6 Om HT ay VA Ondere=mxn i ee Bo KP abs asl Lid Se Remarckss + ITT ierwem mxp , Ap—>host Jace a L—+ free jacrtore : E 23] ft aoe a if | al i a [xt Bxe) 2x24 3x2 ac ag HIKIH5x(-6) (aang 5x2] og) 4] 2 -l : BY 7Az| ‘69 of -2 za 43. do ovofo. |, ccs, -3 4 . ; QL (xa axtarelyxe 2x(-5)4l-I) XO =Tixrzoxa 'xC2)4 0x4 1x(-5) 0x0 3x1 4S | CD44 3k (5) 4x0] ; =! -8 -10 os mon ae ee ee |Appendix (fe) . oe > Matrix aT ar ce et 13 pare ~» Matix 2 +, — mx gat ‘aq on we oa fog yin > ere er fate fh | oer opis fo 6 aa mamma a safer AB = Be A Ae CATE RU MT 'Odetenminatt 2. tei vs famr, Ain ‘Tninoduelion 0 Sele Tokakazu.(1643 -1708) —-wrarls slerohen — REAR — ery Gand astern renter HOR fares en abr 1 0 fara FO: raeg fare © Harare abr ATATEC rare omer TET AUT oTeTBTE GnereT FrteT, OTST, HUA ATLA TGF ARAT | 0 arr foal, Fore foal am attra arama Ie AA “farina Tat tora A Othe Nine chapters of the Mathematical Arcs” po Aer fame ara Fa a —eenrana sero Cardone 5 rating a frgte “atra co oF ae ah es ea oiliee air tag en lay TE TET VA co aartjera air ane an Fg area aa arefi Delination Fraser rare frente on®, Ou X+h=0 ---@ wee aix4+b.=0 ----@ Or a tug am aE ay(--24) +b=0, = Oyby- by, =9. fOr bn a0 9 fen avy fa ba carat at verte ot ania fedora a br ts A=! on bo ta 43 bs Cy a Faaem@ sroet: det(a)-erarar (nl, wpa b=] O2 as + Pemortks 4 on. verte Fada PATA 6 pow spo 4a 30 | 02. ram ash aa fare TH Tm 1 by Sph be Crh bs GH toe CG CsDeterminant (Pree A) ee = Ondent af ate Fee OW FRAT MOT, ATL HAWG MTT * oar fires TAT m xm AT manera Game Te I” asf? "seme ie | . aaa fairareg tele ax+by+G=0 ---O Ax thoy HC. =0 ~~ -@ Ay a-tbsy + O5= 0 -- -@ mo _ a “bats Cabg C3 O23 dzbs — bas — _bals-bete 5 Crs - O23 = Orbs beds OF “Abs bods a Oz my, tata-brte , p (Cafo—aets oe O(toes-ias) + abs bras )* = 9 => 4, (bits ~ tabs) — bi(azes- (10s) +0, (dab, iaty)- 3 “as bie che, TAT No. No. A =F tbo “rear fre = (4) 145 ~bytey{uestion m2 ce 78 ah om YW oar ana zara Fog wa 35 = 1. (45-48) - 236-42) 95 = 3412-9 - = 12-12 eft 2 35 = (18-5) =3(9-3)+6(5-0): : : = 13-1846 - 5»foe weal! 234 Her 2196 1124 ' 2311 2 acl 236 216 = 2t 3 aii 23 p23) F oslrali ye a a 23! 2.31 =! (lob tba dy 301 31 jn dated +4plsalals ale leafs hese . . BRR ae Ped : = 1] (2-3)-'5(t-3) #6 (1) -2[2(2-3)- 31-6) 6(1-4)] : +5 [2(1-9)-1-O+6(3-2) 4 [R(H6)=1(1-1 4308-8 = 1 |-1-24-30]-2[-2+ 5-18 ]+ 3 [clersee|-41-104343] = ~SS+10-I5+16 =-# . - Ans,Expansion of a Determinant ( faerie be O by Cr 92 br C| =O ‘ a3 bs & , ' sor oe fe bo a be 0] _ foe ce}, ar j, , by Cy | ag, 93. Ayb2l4+ 02.63C) +45 b1Cy - d biog — Wbs eo ~ de bye, = aj (b205~ bs &e) ~br (Aats -Ceds) +0, (Q2bs~b,05) = w>| Example — vy vn n- + a ain [30-+2.+15-10-9- 10| as. 8 4 sid:Vas we Findanait pert of twist o& Propercty 0) ee rely : i PATH TATA Foy 22 “Reiarrer ca rare ala FEAT »* 8 WaT RY BA MeRT TT : Eeook OO by a Dato bh oy : a bs C3 cxor ah waren fo a (azbs ~ be) &y (e205 — Coby) by (anes Cots) + C1 —Agb2t, Oy bels — debs Qe — Az bats +43 bea + Abs M1 2a Wes ANTS + byl 203 ~C2.03) +b (ass — A501) + bg (a¢2— 4201) ~ Ap bils + A3bily + Oib203—AgbrCi + A byte— Aebse) = Grbz05 — A bglz ~ % bila + Aghier + Arbst — Faber * C= Halmos Block SP -> Reza’s Bloalea ee a Froperct 02 chet rate Fete row sffrer Columin Fax Column store POW TO START pater fara “ane ToT ever AT feof Claim: b =D" me ~ ar by eC i A ar a3 D=ja.b a} ? br be bs |. a bs Cy Gt ty = Ay (bats — byC2)~ br A263 - C23) Cs (dab 3- beds =b : p=! Proved Prroy oper 03; te vo _ al iter amer scene eas wa, CR freee AA OR . i ott alaim ep =6" i 2 ow Xx P=lo y y ou z ‘ I o(vz ~ Ju) - 0 (WZ Ua) +0 (my Vx) =0 raved.Jeg er lee ef - “OR Frama a OA = alse att se) = 0-0 +0 = 9 Proved Froperdy 05 Tarn ee fs a arr Toe AR WAT Det war eer, fara. HAT HATO ATH sep TIT Proof ' eyo la + Ar by A j DAG he P= Pxk > Command.» a3 by oy _ | Ka kb, via an br ¢ a3 bs alrt Claim: p'=kd b=+p! 22 er = kas (ba.03 ~ Cabs) kbs (Axes Cas) + Ker (debs ~ bods) ak { a{bzts —C2bs) — bi(aees - C243) +4 (463 - beas)f = kb =kDd Proved fro 06 a - ca fee ere aa ar wa ares STAT, WH TT AEE aT OTE ae ASPIRE HS roe =e TAR fara FA 3) rock laim: D=0 a bi tr Or be O 93 bs Cy D= D = dy (Kaslo2—Kacbs)— bi (karts ~Raeds) + ka (Axbs — bids) = Kay(Asb.— 4, bs) + kay (Aabs 4 mo) = Kas(d by ~Aebo + Meby —dgbe) =0 d=0 ProvedPr i pone ae ge)” Hinore of & Determinant (Fara a br Ci), D=ldr' be te a3 bs C3 ¢ ra ay om gay = | be bs C3 ¢. ho ow [OS | i g : 5, es], 1 } \ i b 1 ‘ ton ow [es | 3 Qo bh = bc bs % boon 4 = a cy 43 a3) “Gow mre [eye 5 by hy Oy on nn = na | b. yn a |e er yo ow an Cy ov 4 Or by Op byfe Pro; 08 Cy facton ofa. Determinant” , Fadtacea eae | per fas ite ee pnt cL Fn Fes A= a ee a5 “bs "05 ar] ba Oe Ay Ou oe FRAP =(-!) ‘ bs Cy Pegi Cg we ow Cart by} , —_ 3 bs ; a bil = "as 0, Fopercly 05, i TE A ante arrester mala = aearer earaa Sate ahh: fa, Fr, eR HAT ALA ET Ms BE ara aorta a APIA FIA a ob ty feoot D=/ Or br Ca] 45 bs es ag [OO a bi bs a3! bs = Ay bz Cs —Azbg Or - by dats + byCz03+ Cidebs —Cibr Os a Ce : @ a e|* ,fepecty ea wor fe Fw ee EAE 5 BER a WTA Ua SSA vey aT aay - Proof Or by a : D=lar be : oe) ‘ o, ‘ y ik ’. Ag An + by Ara+ Ce Ais 4 5 , a3 = Ay (hols — Cob) = bles er" v Property 1 coats fader rere ahi) warera BeaTeT 2A Boreas intr rs RYE SF ie eae gare Ta AM eo ‘ Pooof +8) br Or a D=|ort br. be Cy : O34 By bs 03 x, br Cy “te % ) TY) ees be ea te ba cL & bs 3] | By bs Oy = DtPropercty 12. Fa caarrraa iagerrr ua OR ne abo. ze aT a INET, + friar aera Te TOR AAT ‘ Peoot a by o| ' ‘ . D=| arb, o,| Command; ei'= Gikea a4 by Cy , . 1 [artes be / : DY lant kb bat elim : b=! 04+ kbs bg Cy ve Art br by C1. : —_ Ort Kb bp Ce Ag+ kby bg Cy = a be Cr kb, by C1 (Oe bn CoH] be be, fr Q3 by es] Kby By 05] ° 1 la, br % } eT [oes bu see too 23 bs Cy D’= DFroperehy 13 se tineny§ ae tar Fring vn 9 nr 8 OE” TY site fee Ba eT: | 1 Looof- yal ee te palit be for or Cr] oe “12 be tr] =D =e") be ar CH G5 bs Cy) bs a3 3 — |r ol a=ip2] wala] =4-¢=-2 = 6-422 Prroperchy 4 (TORT MITAMTEATA 7) xa boa at a + = mt el g > 2 t | =f 8 A gneat idea in_my life ae, pale oo] ao )-0l)+2(uB-) nx BY ' iy tay Tone TATA “OHA eae tr WIL, Pre er Column of A Ay OTTO “aIo Po oPY pxip = P(P-1)~ pm oes ! ! 1 Of la C2! 2-8 , ty 5 i” oar arty vatea Faspra Tet ° i LHS =|)-p pepe PM jeph pepe ps [ire p-P*) = "|i-er Pees (iP) PUP) (1+e)(-8) (1+) UF) 7 eatery ‘ 1 oP = (-ti-P(P P) = P(I-P/(e-1) (I-P) = P(-H)(1-e)li-P) EU) (Pe) P(i—P)*(P%= 1) Rit.5, Ut@| jaar LD toeser @k Cee) fra a AAT wc (Gen) FE AE THE HH atolt wae ar TI0 A pow! rare or = fraee ayo ania eropfossi- amrtjer - ao fer Singular Matrox +] nonsingular Madrtix —— © ww antgan Getrarer aa |G ferdnrera ama ay = gay | , @ forty apie @ forte amifa ome! ferratorany are Se Ay) Adjoint of A I] oarp ne 2) /6 9] se-36 77 AY 4G = ae = 36-3 ih Pe 6=-240 . 0, no ferato amir no ee ni . Ae qri=. Adjoint of A . . Singul lon. a Fallen ' faopenties Inverse Mainixs . | ol woragtocrat aarigrars: tors ana briqhe . At=BURAT=0 Wi B=e 02, Aerator zor, Ar! e. wrenfoerah @ry'=a 03. (A= (aT it4, Me wvfeort wi (Ae)! racer 8 ppace 2 ri Os Aecerer GE payell G pean = 5 ‘ L { , f=). 3 1 “tit lar =o. 2 5 « elaae ‘ AT]. argo UIT, Sar SANG erate AMIGST | wy aur Ayprl a FRE = (-1) ri ra oP? Ag (- ost] =(jj22| = 3 =i tan fs res eye} Arh > 9 =eyf24| [Aaa 5 | “| As ; ! med a =-3 = yK i fa COE FHL Alyy ( creas J Age 0 7 7 be I eaAL ope | By fe tee A sy, a Adjoint of = a 6 3 oe i EIS arti wet : 23-0. 1-3 6 obs, 5-3 feJ J get a fioinbobA oe fear " {al pe yp ' -edlseo|.- ; — bes ‘ fins, ferato sartrara arene ata Perera Sh Wat 3g 4 2z = 23 , Bx + Ay + HZ =7 Roy HLF =4Aa fet iia omy seamen Aly =m It 9a srageP—y 2 = Aer? 37 Apu a, »3-3 Agz’ 3B A fag? 3 (Ai8 13 —» -~2. 2-3 -2]T 39 4 Arie tot 3 13] iw * 3 ' a = 3|- 2 3 bf _ getp 12-3 ~4][2? X= ABs 9 cH? -2 3 13{[1 1 19 =m | ootestzd AGEL SL, i |? 1 =p fie} = }o 2H 3 x 1 yp = 72 ‘ . 2 3 “@42) 523) Gye) $29) 0X-2y43Zall katy +22 = 10 ; wed BatytE=2 1-203 1 al pee at 4=]2 1 =| {CE ¢.3]-5 3 ) $3) cmt <: tl = —342(-4 +3 =-3-6+3=-8 No -2 63 ax=lp 1 2 = — 33-1433 = IC. 9 21 e rou 3 . ay=|2 9 2 SinBFH-3E=? 3°91 4 1-21 2 az=|2 1 10 = 24+ = 724 : 3 ug - , ' ox _ Ale _ tap ash . o Q g=“Paeee ao dP Hh Zep Sg S78 1, Gore) = (20,3) AasTe solve. the linear equations Cram: axtbiy+ee adi“ O ; oe 4 ‘LL-@ On + bry $e =de ‘ Dae + by rte =ds ~~ . ab % =lO2 by % ; a . 5 bg Cy ; . oz =|" by V2 be Cr do bg C3 a di a a de a5 dg & O bi dy AZ =| de be de a3 bg do fy =