Rogor Shevadginot Pedagogiuri Testebi 20052011

n o T
S e vadgi
g o r
ro i u r i
d a g o g
p e
t e b i
tes
2009
rogor SevadginoT pedagogiuri testebi
wignze muSaobdnen: simon janaSia

anastasia qitiaSvili
nino labartyava
Tamar abaSiZe
luiza aruTinova
mxatvari-dizaineri buba oCiauri
damkabadonebeli qeTevan gogava
teqnikuri redaqtori nino TevdoraZe
saqarTvelos ganaTlebisa
da mecnierebis saministro
erovnuli saswavlo gegmebisa

da Sefasebis centri
ISBN 978-9941-0-1487-1
sarCevi
Sesavali .............................................................................................................. 5
Tavi 1.
ra aris testi ................................................................................................... 6
Tavi 2.
testis Sedgena ............................................................................................... 15
Tavi 3.
testis Catareba ............................................................................................ 64
Tavi 4.
testuri monacemebis interpretacia .............................................. 66
terminTa ganmarteba .................................................................................. 75
gamoyenebuli literatura ...................................................................... 79

winasityvaoba
saxelmZRvanelo SemuSavebulia avtorTa jgufis mier

erovnuli saswavlo gegmebisa da Sefasebis centris profe-
siuli ganaTlebis mimarTulebis farglebSi. saxelmZRvane-
lo gankuTvnilia saxelobo ganaTlebis maswavleblebisaT-
vis, Tumca misi gamoyeneba SeuZlia yvela dainteresebul
pirs ganaTlebis sxva safexurebzec.
saxelmZRvanelos daniSnulebaa saxelobo ganaTlebis mas-
wavleblebs daexmaros pedagogiuri testebis SemuSavebaSi,
Catarebasa da testis monacemebis interpretaciaSi; is gan-
kuTvnilia im adamianebisaTvisac, visac saswavlo miznebi-
saTvis adre arasodes Seudgenia testi. avtorebi madlobas
uxdian profesiuli swavlebis centrebs TanamSromlobi-
sa da praqtikuli magaliTebis mowodebisaTvis. avtorebi
mzad arian saxelmZRvanelosTan dakavSirebiT miiRon kon-
struqciuli SeniSvnebi da gaiTvaliswinon isini Semdeg ga-
mocemaSi.
Sesaval i
saxelmZRvanelos mizania saxelobo ganaTlebis maswavleblebs daex-

maros pedagogiuri testebis Sedgenasa da gamoyenebaSi.
swavlis procesSi saxelobo ganaTlebis maswavleblebs Sefasebis
sxvadasxva meTodis gamoyeneba uxdebaT, maT Soris testis, romlis Se-
muSavebas, gamoyenebasa da Sedegebis swor interpretacias garkveuli
gamocdileba sWirdeba. winamdebare saxelmZRvanelo Seexeba testis Se-
muSavebisa da mis safuZvelze Sefasebis sakiTxebs da aseve Seicavs
konkretul rekomendaciebs.
saxelmZRvanelo iwyeba Sefasebisa da testis, rogorc Sefasebis
formis, mokle daxasiaTebiT. am Tavis mizania, mkiTxvels warmodgena
Seuqmnas testze, rogorc Sefasebis erT-erT meTodze. am TavSi ganxi-
lulia Semdegi qveTavebi: testis miznebi da testis funqciebi; tes-
tis miznebis qveTavSi ZiriTadi aqcenti gakeTebulia pedagogis mier
SemuSavebul testze; am Tavis meore qveTavSi ganxilulia pedagogis
mier Sedgenili testis ZiriTadi daniSnuleba da funqciebi. amave
TavSi ganxilulia testis ganviTarebis mokle istoria da testis, ro-
gorc gazomvis instrumentis, Zlieri da susti mxareebi.
Tavi 2. eTmoba testis SemuSavebis process; am Tavis mizania maswav-
lebels warmodgena Seuqmnas testis SemuSavebis saerTo procesze da
am procesSi TiToeuli etapis mniSvnelobaze; am TavSi ganxilulia
testis SemuSavebis Semdegi etapebi: saswavlo miznis formulireba,
testuri proeqtis Sedgena, testuri davalebebis Sedgena, testuri
davalebebis ganxilva da Sefaseba, testis saboloo variantis Semu-
Saveba; testuri davalebebis TavSi detalurad aris ganxiluli tes-
turi davalebebis tipebi, maT Soris msgavseba-gansxvaveba, TiToeulis
Zlieri da susti mxareebi, testuri davalebebis SemuSavebis rekomen-
daciebi da magaliTebi; amave TavSia ganxiluli testis sandoobisa da
validobis sakiTxebi da maTi miRwevis gzebi.
Tavi 3. eTmoba testis Catarebis process; es Tavi Seicavs konkre-
tul rekomendaciebs Tu rogor unda Caataros maswavlebelma te-
stireba.
Tavi 4. eTmoba testis monacemebis interpretaciasa da testis sa-
fuZvelze studentTa Sefasebis sakiTxs; am TavSi ganxilulia testis
monacemTa interpretaciis teqnika daxuruli tipis davalebebisaTvis
da aseve, eses Sefasebis sqema.
saxelmZRvanelos Tan erTvis terminTa ganmarteba, romelSic Tav-
moyrilia saxelmZRvaneloSi gamoyenebuli ZiriTadi terminebi da maTi
mokle ganmartebebi.
5
ra aris testi
Sefaseba swavlebis procesis mniSvnelovani nawilia.

Sefaseba niSnavs studentis miRwevaze dakvirvebas da daskvnis gakeTe-
bas studentis Teoriuli da praqtikuli momzadebis Sesaxeb.
profesiuli ganaTlebis sfe-
roSi, iseve rogorc ganaTlebis testi _ davalebaTa erToblio-
sxva sferoebSi, Sefasebis sxvadas- ba, romelic moswavlis codnisa
xva meTodi gamoiyeneba, rogori- da unar-Cvevebis Sesafaseblad
caa, praqtikuli davalebis Ses- iqmneba.
ruleba, proeqtebis momzadeba, testireba _ cdas, gamocdas niS-
davalebebis dawera da a.S. tes- navs; esaa Sefasebis procesi tes-
ti, romelic am saxelmZRvanelos tis safuZvelze
ZiriTadi Temaa, Sefasebis erT-
erTi meTodia. is farTod gamoiyeneba ganaTlebis yvela safexurze,
rogorc codnisa da unarebis Sefasebis erT-erTi obieqturi da Se-
darebiT swrafad ganxorcielebadi meTodi. obieqturobisa da validu-
robis pirobebis dacvisas is, sxva meTodebis msgavsad, mniSvnelovan
monacemebs iZleva (ix. Tavi 2.4).
testis safuZvelze unda SevZloT saswavlo kursis yvela mniSvne-
lovani nawilis Sefaseba da im unarebze daskvnis gakeTeba, romlis
ganviTarebas saswavlo kursi isaxavs miznad; winaaRmdeg SemTxvevaSi
testi dakargavs Tavis funqcias da mniSvnelobas. amis miRweva Sesa-
Zlebelia testSi Semavali davalebebis adekvaturi SerCeviT da Sede-
gebis obieqturi interpretaciiT.
profesiuli ganaTlebis sferoSi rekomendebulia testis gamoyeneba
Sefasebis sxva meTodebTan erTad, raTa studenti ufro amomwuravad
Sevafasod. magaliTad, sagnis Teoriuli nawili SeiZleba SevafasoT
testiT, xolo praqtikuli unar-Cvevebi naswavlis demonstrirebiT.
6
ra aris testi
mokle istoriuli mimoxilva
pedagogiuri testireba (diagnostika) imdenive wels iTvlis,

ramdensac TviTon pedagogiuri saqmianoba. adamianebi, romle-
bic aswavlidnen, yovelTvis cdilobdnen SeefasebinaT sakuTari
Zalisxmevis Sedegi. Tumca meTodebi jer kidev mecnierebam-
deli iyo; or aswleulze naklebia, rac xdeba samecniero, kon-
trolirebadi meTodebis gamoyeneba.
T av i 1
cneba `pedadogiuri diagnostika~ pirvelad SemogvTavaza k.
inekampma samecniero proeqtis farglebSi 1968 wels. pedagogi-
uri diagnostika pedagogiuri testis meSveobiT xdeba.
pirovnebis warmatebulobis da codnis donis Semowmebis
pirveli mcdeloba iyo CineTSi Cvens eramde da emsaxureboda
literaturis dargSi Tanamdebobis dakavebas.
evropaSi 1790-1870 wlebSi iyenebdnen codnis Sesamowmebel
gamocdebs saxelmwifo samsaxurSi ayvanisas.
pirveli pedagogiuri testi 1864 wels Seqmna ingliselma
jorj fiSerma da iyo saskolo miRwevis testi `scale books~
(skalirebuli wigni).
1894 wels amerikeli j. m. raisi iyenebda cxrilebs orTo-
grafiis codnis Sesamowmeblad didaqtikuri xerxebis efeq-
turobis kvlevisas.
1920 wlidan oTxwliani sayovelTao ganaTlebis SemoRebas-
Tan erTad SeimuSaves `tabeli~, sadac xdeboda aRricxva sasko-
lo miRwevebis, unarebis da interesebis. ` tabels~ hqonda swav-
lebis meore safexurze gadasvlis funqcia.
omis Semdgom aTwleulebSi pedagogiur Teoriasa da praqti-
kaSi ar momxdara mniSvnelovani cvlilebebi. magram gaCnda cal-
keuli testebi, romlebic xorcieldeboda aSS samxedro admin-
istraciis xelSewyobiT, magram maT gamoyenebas masiuri xasiaTi
ar hqonda.
pedagogiuri testebi masiurad gamoiyenes 1960 wlidan. tes-
tebi bavSvebis gonebriv ganviTarebas amowmebda da savalde-
bulo iyo saskolo swavlebis dawyebamde.
7
1. 1. ra mizans emsaxureba testi?
testi gamoiyeneba pirovnuli Taviseburebebis, inteleqtualuri

ganviTarebis koeficientis da codnis donis gasazomad.
ganarCeven standartizebul da pedagogis mier Sedgenil testebs.
am saxelmZRvanelos ZiriTadi Tema swored es ukanasknelia.
standartizebuli testebi
standartizebuli testebi profesionalebis Sedgenilia. mis Sedge-

naSi xSirad saswavlo programis
eqspertebi, maswavleblebi mona- testuri norma - eyrdnoba sa-
wileoben. testebs standarti- Sualo maCvenebels da monacemTa
zebuli ewodebaT, radgan admi- gafantulobas (ix. Tavi 4).
nistrireba da Sefaseba xdeba
gansakuTrebuli da unificirebu-
li (standartuli) proceduris mixedviT. mocemuli testi eyrdnoba
normas, anu garkveuli jgufisaTvis saSualo maCvenebels, romelic
winaswar aris dadgenili; TiToeuli adamianis mier miRebuli Sedegis
Sedareba xdeba dadgenil normasTan.
standartizebuli testi Sedgeba testuri davalebebisa da instruq-
ciisagan, romelSic miTiTebulia testis mizani (ras zomavs es testi),
norma _ garkveuli asakobrivi Tu sxva tipis jgufisaTvis da nedli
qulebis standartul qulebSi gadayvanis cxrilisagan, ris mixedviTac
xdeba konkretuli adamianis Sedegis Sedareba testis normasTan.
standartizebuli testebi gamoiyeneba adamianis inteleqtis, pi-
rovnuli Taviseburebebis, profesiuli kompetenciis (mag.: pedagogebis
an iuristebis), studentebisa da moswavleebis miRwevebis gasazomad.
arsebobs testebi, romlebic gamoiyeneba garkveuli saswavlo kursis
dawyebis win da dasrulebis Semdeg, raTa ganisazRvros, ramdenad
warmatebulad moxda kursis daZleva (am tipis testebs kriteriul
testebs uwodeben).
standartizebuli testi SeiZleba iyos normaze an kriteriumze ori-
entirebuli.
8
normaze da kriteriumze orientirebuli testebi
ra aris testi
testirebis monacemebi SeiZleba sxvadasxva mizniT gamoviyenoT: tes-
tis safuZvelze miRebuli informacia SeiZleba gamoviyenoT studen-
tebis codnis donis erTmaneTisTvis Sesadareblad. amis safuZvelze
SegviZlia davadginoT TiToeuli studentis mier Sesrulebuli sa-
muSaos done sxva studentebis namuSevrebTan mimarTebaSi. amisaTvis
konkretuli studentis monacemebis Sedareba xdeba normasTan an misi
msgavsi sxva studentebis mier Sesrulebul saSualo namuSevarTan.
T av i 1
aseT testebs normaze orientirebuli testebi ewodeba. magaliTad,
Tu moswavleebis udides nawils 5 wlis asakSi SeuZlia 1-dan 10-mde
Tvla, Sesrulebis es done am asakobrivi jgufisTvis normad CaiTv-
leba. amitom, Tu gvinda SevafasoT konkretuli moswavlis Sesruleba,
amisaTvis mis Sedegebi unda SevadaroT dadgenil normas.
normaze orientirebul tests SezRudul SemTxvevebSi viyenebT. is
sakmaod zogadia, ar koncentrirdeba raime konkretul saganSi da
rogorc wesi zogad mizans moicavs. normaze orientirebuli testis
SemTxvevaSi mosalodnelia, rom studentebis mxolod 50% SesZlebs
saSualoze maRali qulis miRebas.
normaze orientirebuli testis
interpretaciisas mniSvnelovania reprezentaciuli SerCeva _ Sesa-
individualuri Sesruleba Sedar- fasebeli jgufis mini-modeli
des reprezentaciuli SerCevis misTvis damaxasiaTebeli yvela
safuZvelze miRebul monacemebT- parametris mixedviT, mag., ro-
an. aseT SemTxvevaSi gasaTvalis- goricaa asaki, sqesi, profesia
winebelia kulturuli, enobrivi, da a.S.
ekonomikuri da a.S faqtorebi. ma-

galiTad, eqvsi wlis qarTveli da
ingliseli moswavleebis kiTxvis norma SeiZleba erTnairi ar iyos.
arsebobs sxva tipis testi, riTac vadgenT ramdenad kargad asru-
lebs studenti garkveul saqmianobas da ra codnas flobs igi; aseT
SemTxvevaSi studentis qulis Sedareba xdeba kriteriumTan. aseTi ti-
pis tests uwodeben kriteriumze orientirebul tests. aseTi tipis
testebi farTod gamoiyeneba im SemTxvevaSi, rodesac gvsurs Sevafa-
soT studentis codna, unarebi da a.S. es testebi ufro specifikuria
da ramdenime mizans emsaxureba. am SemTxvevaSi mosalodnelia, rom
9
studentebis daaxloebiT 80% testSi mocemul davalebebs sworad

Seasrulebs; Sesrulebis interpretacia xdeba sworad (an arasworad)
Sesrulebuli davalebebis mixedviT.
kriteriumze orientirebuli testi kulturis zegavlenisagan Tavi-
sufalia. Tumca, mainc gasaTvaliswinebelia misi gavlena testirebasa
da monacemebis interpretaciaze.
magaliTad, aplikantma enis ar- aplikanti – piri, romelic avsebs
codnis SemTxvevaSi SeiZleba ver tests, moswavle, studenti an
waikiTxos kargad qarTulad an zrdasruli piri.
sxva enaze dabeWdili teqsti a.S
testis gamoyeneba damokidebulia mizanze; rogorc wesi, testire-
bamde zustad unda vicodeT ra mizniT vatarebT testirebas; winaaR-
mdeg SemTxvevaSi miRebuli monacemebi SeiZleba mcdarad iyos gamoye-
nebuli.
pedagogis mier Sedgenili testebi
pedagogebis mier Sedgenili testi aris davalebaTa erToblio-

ba, romlis meSveobiTac mowmdeba moswavleebis, studentebis codnis
done, maT mier profesiuli unarebis floba.
saxelmZRvaneloSi swored aseTi testebis Seqmnasa da gamoyenebazea
gakeTebuli aqcenti; maTi saSualebiT maswavlebeli afasebs studen-
tebis momzadebis dones; aseT testebs ZiriTadad sagnis maswavleble-
bi adgenen meTodistebTan konsultaciiT. saerTod, standartizebuli
testebis Sedgenas ufro meti resursebi sWirdeba vidre pedagogiur
testebis Sedgenas. xSirad standartizebuli testis mosamzadeblad
saWiroa wlebi, maSin, rodesac pedagogebiTavis testebs ramdenime
dReSi adgenen.
pedagogis mier Sedgenili testi (SemdgomSi amgvar testebs pedagogi-

uri testebis saxeliT movixseniebT) Tavis mxriv, SeiZleba iyos:
1. homogenuri (anu erTgvarovani) da heterogenuli

(anu araerTgvarovani);
2. mimdinare, Semajamebeli, misaRebi da sakvalifikacio.
homogenuri (anu erTgvarovani) pedagogiuri testi mxolod erTi
10
sagnis davalebebisagan Sedgeba. magaliTad, testi romelic mxolod
ra aris testi
erTi sagnis, kompiuteruli qselebis, Sesaxeb davalebebs Seicavs. sas-
wavlo procesSi yvelaze xSirad swored homogenuri testi gamoiyeneba.
heterogenuli (anu araerTgva-

rovani) pedagogiuri testi ram- saswavlo moduli - saswavlo pro-
denime sagnis davalebebs moicavs. gramis Semadgeneli nawili, ro-
amitom, mis SigniT SesaZloa Se- melic Sedgeba monaTesave Temebis
diodes ramdenime homogenuri an sagnebisagan.
T av i 1
(erTgvarovani) testi; aseTi tes-
ti efeqturia saswavlo modulebis Sesafaseblad; magaliTad, modulis
`higiena da sanitaria~ testSi Seva testuri davalebebi rogorc higie-
nis, aseve sanitariis sferodan. heterogenuli (anu araerTgvarovani)
tipis pedagogiuri testis gamoyeneba SesaZloa ufro mizanSewonili
iyos misaRebi an sakvalifikacio gamocdis, testirebis dros.
mimdinare testireba gamoiyeneba saswavlo procesis mimdinareo-

bis Sesafaseblad; mimdinare testi SeiZleba Seadginos erTma an met-
ma pedagogma. am saxis testi Zalze mniSvnelovania. misi meSveobiT
SesaZlebelia studentTa codnis donis sistematuri gakontroleba,
studentebis swavlis motivaciis, damoukideblad muSaobis unaris ga-
momuSaveba.
Semajamebeli testi gamoiyeneba SedarebiT didi moculobis masa-

lis Sesamowmeblad, garkveuli Temis an drois monakveTis (semestris,
trimestris, saswavlo wlis) dasrulebisas. Semajamebeli testireba
SesaZleblobas iZleva SevafasoT studentebisa da pedagogis muSao-
ba, davadginoT ramdenad kargadaa mocemuli disciplina aTvisebuli,
gamovavlinoT individualuri miRwevebi. aseve, gamovavlinoT xarve-
zebi da davgegmoT maTi gamosworebis strategiebi.
aseTi tipis testis Sedgena Zalzed mniSvnelovania. am tipis testi
unda gamoirCeodes maRali validobiTa da sandoobiT (ix. Tavi 2.4). mis
SedgenaSi unda monawileobdnen gamocdili pedagogebi. umjobesia, rom
am tipis testebi erTi disciplinis farglebSi iyos centralizebuli
da standartizebuli. Semajamebeli testebi ZiriTadad homogenuri da
kriteriumze orientirebulia.
11
misaRebi testireba _ gamoiyeneba studentebis saswavlebelSi Caricx-

vis dros. testireba SesaZloa erT an ramdenime saganSi tardebodes.
misaRebi testirebis dros ZiriTadad gamoiyeneba homogenuri an
heterogenuli normaze orientirebuli testi (mag: zogadi unarebis
testi).
sakvalifikacio testireba tardeba swavlis garkveuli etapis das-

rulebis Semdeg. am tipis testis meSveobiT xdeba imis gansazRvra, Tu
ramdenad Seesabameba TiToeuli studentis codnis done specialis-
tis kvalifikaciis miniWebis standartiT gansazRvrul dones. sakval-
ifikacio testi unda gansazRvravdes studentis profesiuli codnis
donesa da profesiuli unarebis flobas. es testi unda SeimuSaon
pedagogebma, meTodistebma, fsiqometrikosebma. aseTi tipis testire-
bac umjobesia centralizebuli iyos.
1. 2. pedagogiuri testirebis funqciebi
pedagogiuri testireba pedagogiuri kontrolis saSualebas warmoad-

gens. pedadagogiur kontrols, Tavis mxriv, 4 ZiriTadi funqcia aqvs:
diagnostikuri, swavlebis, maorganizebeli da aRmzrdelobiTi.
diagnostikuri funqcia Tavad kontrolis arsidan gamomdinare-

obs. misi meSveobiT xdeba aTvisebuli codnis, dauflebuli unarebis
Se mowmeba.
swavlebis funqcia. testireba maswavlebels SesaZleblobas aZlevs

miiRos ukukavSiri studentebidan, gamoavlinos sustad aTvisebuli
masala da dagegmos Semdgomi muSaoba. testireba mniSvnelovania stu-
dentebisaTvisac, vinaidan maT testirebis Semdeg SeuZliaT imis Se-
faseba Tu sad aqvT xarvezebi da ra aqvT ukeT saswavli.
maorganizebeli funqcia. es funqcia vlindeba testirebis gavle-

niT mTel saswavlo procesze. testirebis Sedegebis safuZvelze igeg-
meba damatebiTi mecadineobebi da konsultaciebi, ganisazRvreba Tu
konkretulad romel students sWirdeba daxmareba, xdeba warmate-
buli studentebis waxaliseba da a.S.
12
testirebis Sedegebi informacias awvdis pedagogs Tu swavlebis
ra aris testi
ra meTodebi Tu xerxebi uwyobs xels studentTa dainteresebas, maTi
motivaciis gazrdas, masalis aTvisebas, codnis praqtikaSi gamoyenebas
da a.S. amdenad testireba mniSvnelovania saswavlo procesis organi-
zebisaTvis.
aRmzrdelobiTi funqcia. kargad organizebul pedagogiur kont-

rols aqvs aRmzrdelobiTi funqcia. codnis Semowmeba xels uwyobs
codnis srulyofas.
T av i 1
saswavlo procesSi oTxive funqcia urTuerTdakavSirebulia. mag.:
seminarebs, kolokviumebs aqvT dignostikuri, swavlebisa da aRmzrd-
elobiTi funqcia.
testirebis Zlieri da susti mxareebi
testirebas, rogorc Sefasebis meTods, Tavisi Zlieri da susti mxa-

reebi aqvs; esenia:
testirebis Zlieri mxareebi
testireba Sefasebis xarisxiani da obieqturi meTodia; obieq-

turoba miiRweva testis Catarebis proceduris standartiza-
ciis gziT;
testireba Sefasebis samarTliani meTodia, yvela studenti
Sefasebis dros Tanabar pirobebSia, gamoricxulia pedagogis
subieqturoba;
testireba saSualebas iZleva gavigoT Tu rogor aris da-
Zleuli TiToeuli studentis mier mTeli masala da ara mxo-
lod masalis garkveuli nawili. zepiri gamocdisas SesaZle-
belia 2-4 Temis gamokiTxva, weriTi gamocdis dros ki _ 3-5
Temis;
testireba efeqturia ekonomiuri TvalsazrisiTac. testire-
biT SesaZlebelia 30 kaciani jgufis Sefaseba saaTnaxevarSi,
maSin, roca, zepiri da weriTi gamocda SesaZlebelia 3 saaTic
ki gagrZeldes.
13
testirebis susti mxareebi
kargi testis SemuSaveba xangZlivi da Sromatevadi procesia;

testirebis procesi droSi SezRudulia, rac ar iZleva sakiT-
xebis CaRrmavebis SesaZleblobas;
testirebas Tan axlavs SemTxveviTobis elementi. SesaZlebe-
lia studentma ubralod `gamoicnos~ swori pasuxi;
testireba naklebad gvaZlevs maRali SemoqmedebiTi unarebis
Sefasebis SesaZleblobas;
testirebis procesSi studentis individualuri swavlis sti-
lis gaTvaliswineba Znelia;
testirebiT miRebuli informacia, marTalia, gvaZlevs Ses-
aZleblobas gavigoT, Tu masalis ra nawilia dauZleveli
jgufis umravlesobis mier, magram ar gvaZlevs informacias
mizezis Sesaxeb;
gasaTvaliswinebelia is faqti, rom testis Sedegze SeiZleba
gavlena moaxdinos studentis motivaciam an misma emociurma
mdgomareobam.
14
T av i 2 testis Sedgena
testis Sedgena procesia, romelsac kargad dagegmva, sistematuri

muSaoba da gamocdileba sWirdeba; es erTdroulad inteleqtual-
uri da SemoqmedebiTi procesia, romelic garkveuli drois manZilze
grZeldeba; sanam testi saboloo saxes miiRebs, manam man mTeli rigi
etapebi unda gaiaros.
rogorc wesi, Tavidan testis SemuSavebas meti dro sWirdeba, Tumca
testis Sedgenis procesSi maswavleblis Sesabamisi unarebi TandaTan
viTardeba. testis SemuSavebaSi sasurvelia erTze metma maswavle-
belma miiRos monawileoba. profesiuli swavlebis sxvadasxva centrSi
SesaZlebelia erTi da igive specialoba iswavlebodes, an erT centrSi
ramdenime maswavlebeli aswavlides erTsa da imave sagans; testze
jgufuri muSaoba misi validobisa da sandoobis miRwevisaTvis aris
mniSvnelovani.
qvemoT ganxilulia testis SemuSavebis zogadi procesi, Tumca
konkretuli amocanidan da problemidan gamomdinare es safexurebi
SeiZleba ufro detaluri an zogadi iyos.
testis SemuSaveba moicavs Semdeg ZiriTad safexurebs:
1. saswavlo miznebis formulireba;

2. testuri proeqtis Sedgena;
3. testuri davalebebis Sedgena;
4. testuri davalebebis ganxilva da Sefaseba;
5. testis saboloo variantis Seqmna.
15
2. 1. saswavlo miznebis formulireba
saswavlo mizani
testis Sedgenamde formulirebuli unda iyos sagnis saswavlo miz-

nebi, raTa SevZloT testis morgeba Sesafasebel masalasTan.
saswavlo mizani aris swavlebis procesis aucilebeli komponenti.
saswavlo mizani gansazRvravs, Tu ra unda viswavloT da Semdeg, ra
unda SevafasoT.
saswavlo mizani imdagvarad unda swavlis Sedegi - ganacxadi
iyos formulirebuli, rom kargad imis Sesaxeb Tu ra icis da
asaxavdes swavlis Sedegs, anu ra risi keTeba SeuZlia students
unda icodes studentma sagnis, Tu saswavlo kursis dasrulebis
kursis dasrulebis Semdeg. Semdeg.
saswavlo mizani formulirebuli
unda iyos dakvirvebadi qcevis ter-
minebSi; es ki imas niSnavs, rom or an met maswavlebels unda SeeZlos
dakvirveba da Sefaseba, rom studenti konkretul qcevas asrulebs/ar
asrulebs. saswavlo mizani dakavSirebuli unda iyos Semdeg saqmiano-
basTan: aTvisebuli masalis CamoTvla, gaxseneba, dawera, identifici-
reba da a.S.
saswavlo mizani dakavSirebuli unda iyos raime konkretul piro-
basTan, romelSic swavlis Sedegi vlindeba. saswavlo mizanSi dakon-
kretebuli unda iyos, Tu ra pirobebSi, ra konkretuli xelsawyoebiT
da a.S. unda SeeZlos students konkretuli qcevis Sesruleba.
magaliTad, students, kursis dasrulebis Semdeg unda SeeZlos
konkretul ucxour avtomobilSi zeTis Secvla maswavleblis dax-
marebis gareSe.
saswavlo mizanSi aseve gansazRvruli unda iyos Sesrulebis done
anu ra doneze moeTxoveba students raimes Sesruleba; magaliTad,
skolis moswavlesa da meddis specialobis students anatomiis cod-
na erTsa da imave doneze ar unda moeTxovebodes. Sesrulebis donis
gaTvaliswinebiT saswavlo mizani SeiZleba amgvarad iyos formuli-
rebuli:
saswavlo kursis gavlis Semdeg students unda SeeZlos zeda da
16
qveda kidurebis yvela Semadgeneli Zvlis dasaxeleba qarTul da la-
testis Sedgena
Tinur enaze.
an saswavlo kursis gavlis Semdeg meddas unda moeTxovebodes pirve-
ladi daxmarebis gaweva zeda an qveda kidurebis motexilobis dros.
saswavlo miznebis taqsonomia
testis Seqmnisas pedagogma aucileblad unda gaiTvaliswinos sas-

wavlo miznebi, amitom Cven SemogTavazebT ramdenime avtoris mier
T av i 2
SemuSavebul saswavlo miznebis taqsonomias (ierarqias).
arsebobs saswavlo miznebis sami sfero: saswavlo miznebi kogni-
tur (anu SemecnebiT), afeqtur (anu emociur) da fsiqomotorul
(anu unar-Cvevebis) sferoebSi. samive sferoSi arsebobs taqsonomia
(ierarqia), romelic am sferoSi saswavlo miznebis organizebas axdens.
qvemoT mocemulia cnobili taqsonomiebis mokle mimoxilva.
saswavlo miznebi kognitur (SemecnebiT) sferoSi
ZiriTadad saswavlo miznebis formulirebaSi eyrdnobian benJamen

blumis mier SemuSavebul saswavlo miznebis ierarqias, romelic 1950-
ian wlebSi Seiqmna.
blumi da misi kolegebi (Bloom, Kra-
twohl & Masia, 1964) daexmarnen peda- kognicia - Semecneba, infor-
gogebs saswavlo miznebis Camoyali- maciis gadamuSavebis opera-
bebaSi. ciaTa nairsaxeoba.
xSirad moswavlis codnis Sefase-
bisas amowmeben imas, Tu ramdenad
daimaxsovra moswavlem garkveuli masala, maSin rodesac naklebi
yuradReba eTmoba masalis gagebas, misi ganzogadebisa da codnis gamo-
yenebis unars nacnob Tu axal situaciaSi, miRebul codnaze dayrdno-
biT mosazrebebis Camoyalibebas da msjelobas. amas mowmobda b.blumis
Tanamedrove mecnierebis (Fleming,M., & Chambers,B. 1983) mier Catare-
buli kvleva. maT gaanalizes 8 800 saskolo davaleba. aRmoCnda, rom
davalebebis 80 procenti amowmebda faqtebis da movlenebis mxolod
codnas. b. blumma ki SemogvTavaza modeli, romlis gamoyenebiT SesaZ-
lebelia studentis azrovnebis unarebis Semowmeba sxva doneebzec.
17
es taqsonomia saswavlo miznebis ierarqias kognitur (SemecnebiT)

sferoSi ganixilavs; is Sedgeba 6 donisagan, romelTagan yvelaze da-
bali codnis, xolo yvelaze maRalia Sefasebis done.
yovel dones Tavisi maxasiaTeblebi aqvs; cxril 1-Si mocemulia
blumis taqsonomia da doneebis konkretuli aRweriloba.
cxrili 1. blumis kognituri (SemecnebiTi) miznebis taqsonomia
safexuri donis aRwera

1. codna am doneze students moeTxoveba: naswavlis gaxsene-
ba, cnoba, terminologiis SerCeva da a.S.
swavlis Sedegis aRsawerad gamoiyeneba Semdegi fra-
zebi: gansazRvre, aRwere, CamoTvale, daawyvile,
daasaxele, amoicani, gamoyavi, gaixsene, SearCie, sax-
eli daarqvi; ra?, sad?, rodis?, rogor?, vin?.
magaliTi: students unda SeeZlos erTlebniani da
orlebniani mcenareebis CamoTvla.
am doneze students moeTxoveba: masalis gageba, in-

2. gageba terpretacia. magaliTad, cxrilebis, grafikebis, wy-
aroebis, masalebis Sedareba.
zebi: Seadare, aCvene, axseni, ganasxvave, gamoTvale,
Seajame.
magaliTi: students unda SeeZlos erTlebniani da
orlebniani mcenareebis Sedareba, maT Soris msgavse-
ba-gansxvavebis Cveneba.
am doneze students moeTxoveba: problemis gadaWra,

3. gamoyeneba adre naswavli masalis safuZvelze problemis Tu
situaciis axali kuTxiT danaxva da warmodgena.
zebi: gadaWeri, Secvale, gamoTvale, ganaviTare, or-
ganizeba gaukeTe, daakavSire, ramdeni?
magaliTi: students unda SeeZlos gamoTvla ra ra-
odenobis sagazafxulo Tesli iqneba saWiro 1 ha-ze
dasaTesad.
4. analizi am doneze students moeTxoveba: masalis gaanalize-

ba, tipuri Secdomis aRmoCena, an faqtebs, mosazre-
bebs, daSvebebs Soris gansxvavebis danaxva; kavSiris
damyareba ideebs, mosazrebebs, faqtebs Soris.
zebi: gaanalize, aage, daasabuTe, gamoyavi mizezi,
ilustrireba gaukeTe, daakavSire, daaskveni, ra-
tom?
magaliTad:students unda SeeZlos bolo 3 wlis
ganmavlobaSi konkretul regionSi xorblis mosav-
lianobis gaanalizeba da Cveneba diagramaze.
18
am doneze students moeTxoveba raime originaluris
testis Sedgena
5. sinTezi Tu axlis Seqmna; misTvis ucnobi problemis gadaWra,
informaciis gaanalizeba da axsnis moZebna.
zebi: aage, Seqmeni, formulireba gaukeTe, Seajame.
magaliTi: diagramaze mocemulia soflis meurneo-
bis sferoSo 2005-2006 wlis manZilze ganxorciele-
buli eqsportis da importis monacemebi; students
unda SeeZlos diagramis Sejameba da wlebis mixedviT
eqsportsa da imports Soris mimarTebis dadgena.
am doneze students moeTxoveba: meTodis, konkre-

6. Sefaseba tuli mosazrebis da a.S. Sefaseba, Tavisi mosazrebis
T av i 2
dasabuTeba, argumentireba.
zebi: Seafase, Seadare, daaskveni, gaakritike, daica-
vi, interpretacia gaukeTe, daasabuTe, rogoria Seni
mosazreba, eTanxmebi Tu ara?
magaliTi: students unda SeeZlos qveynis soflis
meurneobis sistemis analizi sul mcire or wyaroze
dayrdnobiT da saTanado daskvnebis gamotana.
maswavlebelma testis agebisas winaswar unda gansazRvros, azrovne-

bis romeli donis Semowmebas isaxavs miznad. yvelaze ufro gavrcele-
bulia taqsonomiis zeda safexuris testi, romelic ubralod afasebs
codnas da studentebisagan mxolod masalis gaxsenebas moiTxovs.
sakmaod martivia asagebad da yvelaze metadaa gavrcelebuli; magram,
studentisagan moviTxovT ara mxolod masalis gaxsenebas, aramed is-
eTi amocanebis Sesrulebas, romelic gulisxmobs sinTezis, analizis,
ganzogadebis da a.S. operaciebs. es doneebi unda gaviTvaliswinoT,
rogorc gakveTilis dagegmvis, aseve testis agebisas.
pedagogikaSi arsebobs saswavlo miznebis sxva sistemac; SemogTava-
zebT meijeris, grunlundisa da CeliSkovas mier SemuSavebul peda-
gogiur miznebs.
meijeris pedagogiuri miznebi
meijeris mixedviT (Mager.R.F, 1962) saswavlo miznebi gansazRvravs

Tu ras unda akeTebdes moswavle pedagogis miTiTebebis Sedegad. sas-
wavlo mizanze SesaZlebeli unda iyos dakvirveba.
meijeris pedagogiuri miznebis gamoyeneba sasurvelia maSin, rode-
19
sac xdeba konkretuli (mcire moculobis) codnis an unarebis Se-

faseba.
magaliTad, ganvixiloT ori pedagogiuri mizani:
1. moswavles unda esmodes darvinis evoluciuri Teoria.

2. moswavlem unda Camoayalibos darvinis ori kanoni da moiyva-
nos magaliTi TiToeuli kanonis sailustraciod.
meijeri Tvlis, rom meore mizani ukeTaa formulirebuli, vidre

pirveli. is aRwers imas, risi demonstrirebac unda moaxdinos mo-
swavlem, raTa gavigoT, Tu ra donezea masala gagebuli, ramdenadaa
miRweuli kursis mizani. ase formulirebuli mizani SefasebisaTvis
iolia.
pirveli formulireba ki Zalian zogadia da ar Seicavs zusti Se-
fasebis kriteriumebs. sxvadasxva
maswavlebelma SesaZloa Taviseburad Sefasebis kriteriumi - prin-
gaigos sityva èsmodes~ - esaa wesebis cipi, romlis mixedviT xdeba
formulireba Tu magaliTebis moyvana. raimes Sefaseba.
meijeri ki saswavlo miznebis for-
mulirebisas iyenebs iseT cnebebs,
rogoricaa codna, Sefaseba, gamoyeneba da miiCnevs, rom aseT SemTx-
vevaSi aRar moxdeba terminis araswori interpretacia.
kargad Camoyalibebuli mizani unda iyos mkafio da gasagebi.
kidev moviyvanT miznebis magaliTs.

1. moswavlem unda Targmnos martivi teqsti inglisuridan qar-
Tulad.
2. moswavlem unda Targmnos martivi teqsti inglisuridan qa-
rTulad leqsikonis gareSe. Targmani CaiTvleba Sesrulebu-
lad, Tu teqstSi ar iqneba daSvebuli 5-ze meti gramatikuli
Secdoma da Targmans ar dasWirdeba 20 wuTze meti dro.
meore formulireba ufro gasagebia, rogorc moswavlis, ise peda-

gogisTvisac. aq zustadaa gansazRvruli kriteriumebi, Tu ra SemTx-
vevaSi iqneba Targmani miRebuli.
20
grunlundi: ZiriTadi da specifikuri mizani
testis Sedgena
grunlundis (Grounlund, N.E, 1995) mier SemuSavebuli pedagogiuri
mizani SesaZleblobas gvaZlevs SevafasoT ufro didi odenobis in-
formacia da faravs ufro maRal kognitur dones (iTxovs miRebuli
informaciis analizsa da Sefasebas).
grunlundi ganasxvavebs ZiriTad da specifikur miznebs; avtoris
azriT, ZiriTadi mizani SemuSavebuli unda iyos swavlebis Sedegis
mixedviT. specifikuri miznis Camoyalibebisas aRwerili unda iyos
T av i 2
mosalodneli qcevis konkretuli magaliTebi, romlebic asaxavs Ziri-
Tad mizans.
magaliTad:
ZiriTadi mizani _ moswavlem unda icodes romantikosi poetebis

poemebi.
specifikuri mizani:
1. konkretuli moqmedebebi _ moswavles unda SeeZlos nawyvetis
wakiTxva romelime poemidan;
2. moswavlem unda Seadaros da Seafasos konkretuli poema sxva
poemebs.
meijeris meTodi kargia konkretuli codnisa da Cvevebis dauflebis

Sesamowmeblad. grunlundis meTodi ki efeqturia gagebis, Sedarebis
unaris Sefaseblad.
CeliSkovas (2002) mier SemoTavazebuli miznebi saswavlo saqmiano-

bis sxvadasxva donis mixedviTaa dajgufebuli.
pirveli done dakavSirebulia masalis cnobasa da mexsierebiT aR-

dgenasTan.
meore done nacnob situaciaSi, nimuSis mixedviT codnis gamoyene-

basTan.
mesame done ki moiazrebs codnis gamoyenebas ucxo situaciaSi.
21
mocemuli doneebis dawvrilebiTi aRwerisas SegviZlia Camovayali-

boT moswavlis mimarT konkretuli moTxovnebi.
5pirvel doneze studentebma unda icodnen terminologia, movlena-

Ta TariRebi, pirovnebaTa gvarebi, wesebi, Teoriebi, meTodebi, kri-
teriumebi. mocemul doneze codnis Semowmeba Semdegi davalebebiTaa
SesaZlebeli. unda dasaxeldes faqtebi, moxdes maTi gansazRvreba,
terminebisa da arsis dakavSireba, Tvisebebis CamoTvla.
meore done iTvaliswinebs faqtebis, kanonebis, principebis, krite-

riumebis, Teoriebis gagebas. codnis Sesamowmeblad gamoiyeneba dava-
lebebi, sadac moxdeba movlenaTa axsna, Sedareba, meTodebis swori
gamoyeneba, grafikebis, diagramebis, cxrilebis ageba. studentebma
unda axsnan movlenebi, Seadaron, daamyaron mizez _ Sedegobrivi kav-
Sirebi, gamoyon arsi, formulebis mixedviT Caataron gamoTvlebi,
aawyon raime sqemis mixedviTa da wesebis gaTvaliswinebiT, awarmoon
gazomviTi samuSaoebi, moaxdinon demonstrireba.
sabolood, mesame doneze saWiroa problemur situaciaze pasuxis

mofiqreba, eses dawera, hipoTezebis Camoyalibeba, sakuTari Tval-
Taxedvis, informaciis gaanalizeba, msjeloba Sesrulebuli samuSaos
xarisxze, problemis gadaWris gzis marTebulobaze, modelis Seqmna,
eqsperimentis gegmis SemuSaveba.
codnis samive donis Sesamowmeblad saWiroa sxvadasxva tipis tes-
turi davalebebis SemuSaveba.
rogorc vnaxeT, kognituri (SemecnebiTi) miznebis sxvadasxva klasi-
fikacia arsebobs; yvela maTgans Tavisi Zlieri da susti mxareebi aqvs,
Tumca maT aerTianebs is, rom saswavlo mizani unda iyos konkretuli,
dakvirvebadida SesaZlebeli unda iyos misi gazomva. pedagogs testis
Sedgenisas SeuZlia daeyrdnos misTvis misaReb klasifikacias.
saswavlo miznebi afeqtur (emociur) sferoSi
afeqturi taqsonomia ukavSirde-

afeqturi sfero – emociuri
ba adamianis emociebs, ganwyobebs,
sfero.
grZnobebsa da Rirebulebebs; is Seqmnes
22
blumma da misma kolegebma (Bloom, Kratwohl & Masia 1964). kognitu-
testis Sedgena
ri taqsonomiis msgavsad es ukanasknelic ierarqiulia da gamoxatavs
konkretuli adamiani an jgufi, rogor iRebs da iTavisebs ama Tu im
ganwyobasa da Rirebulebebs. taqsonomias didi mniSvneloba aqvs peda-
gogikaSi imis gasagebad, Tu ras unda moelodes maswavlebeli studen-
tebisagan saklaso garemoSi.
miReba (gacnobiereba) _ am done-

stimuli - nebismieri gare-
ze students moeTxoveba, sul mcire,
mo faqtori, romlis da-
T av i 2
stimulis cnoba. es pasiuri procesia;
naxva, mosmena an Sexeba aris
am doneze students unda hqondes
SesaZlebeli.
raimes mosmenis an gagebis survili.
reagireba _ am doneze studenti aqtiuria; students moeTxoveba

garkveuli arCevanis gakeTeba SemoTavazebul variantebs Soris; stu-
dents aqvs moqmedebis survili da am moqmedebis Sedegad siamovnebis
gancdis unari.
Rirebulebis gaazreba _ am doneze informaciis gadamuSavebis Sede-

gad adamiani iRebs da iTavisebs Rirebulebebsa da damokidebulebebs;
am doneze students aqvs sakuTari Sexeduleba movlenebisa Tu sagnebis
Sesaxeb, Tumca, SesaZloa, mas ar hqondes sakuTari mosazrebis saja-
rod gamoxatvis survili.
pirovnebis RirebulebaTa sistemis organizeba _ am doneze ideebi

ara marto gacnobierebulia, aramed Rirebulebis sistemis nawilic
xdeba; isini adamianis Rirebulebis sistemaSi mniSvnelovan adgils
ikaveben.
RirebulebaTa sistemis gaTaviseba _ am doneze studenti movle-

nebs aRiqvams da iqceva sakuTari Rirebulebebis Sesabamisad.
testuri davalebebis formulireba damokidebulia imaze, afeqturi

(emociuri) sferos ra doneze vgegmavT studentis Sefasebas. maswavle-
belma unda gaiTvaliswinos, rom gamocdilebis miReba xdeba ara erT-
baSad, aramed TandaTanobiT. Seabamisad, Sefasebisas is unda movTxo-
23
voT students, rac am droisaTvis mas ukve aTvisebuli eqneba.

magaliTad, samewarmeo saqmianobis kursis dawyebisas students Sei-
Zleba arc interesi hqondes da arc motivacia, rom es sagani safuZ-
vlianad Seiswavlos. amitom, swavlis dawyebisas ar iqneba swori mas-
wavlebelma students mosTxovos mewarmeobis Sesaxeb SefasebiTi eses
dawera. es davaleba SeiZleba ufro adekvaturi iyos wlis bolos,
rodesac students ukve gacnobierebuli eqneba am kursis mniSvnelo-
ba, Tundac dasaqmebisTvis.
amdenad, afeqturi sferos taqsonomia gvaZlevs sqemas Tu rodis
ra Sedegs unda velodeT studentisagan da Sesabamisad, rogor unda
SevafasoT is.
saswavlo miznebi fsiqomotorul (unar-Cvevebis) sferoSi
saswavlo miznebis fsiqomotoru-

li (unar-Cvevebis) sfero unar-Cve- fsiqomotoruli sfero -
vaTa SeZenazea orientirebuli; maTi unar-Cvevebis, moqmedebiTi
SeZena xdeba kunTovani moZraobebis sfero.
saSualebiT, romelic imarTeba fsiq-
ikis meSveobiT. fsiqomotoruli sferos taqsonomia Seqmna r. deivma
(Dave, 1970). es sfero moicavs faqtobrivad yvela qcevas: awyoba, Wra,
xazva, xatva, wera da a.S.
am taqsonomiis Seqmna yvelaze rTulia, vinaidan SeiZleba moicavdes,
rogorc kognitur (SemecnebiT), aseve afeqtur (emociur) komponen-
tebs. es taqsonomia Zalian mniSvnelovania profesiuli ganaTlebis
sferoSi.
fsiqomotoruli (unar-Cvevebis) sferoc organizebulia ierarqiuli
sistemis saxiT. martivi qcevebi taqsonomiis dasawyisSia mocemuli.
taqsonomiis zeda safexurebze qcevebi TandaTan rTuldeba da avto-
matizirebuli xdeba.
24
cxrili 2. saswavlo miznebis taqsonomia fsiqomotorul
(unar-Cvevebis) sferoSi
testis Sedgena
safexuri sferos aRwera
am doneze students moeTxoveba sxvisi moqmedebis miba-

imitacia Zva da gameoreba. magaliTad, iaraRis sworad daWera,
avtomanqanis saWis daWera da a.S
swavlis Sedegis aRsawerad gamoiyeneba Semdegi frazebi:
gaimeore, daakvirdi, mibaZe.
am doneze students uwevs garkveuli moqmedebebis Ses-

manipu- ruleba miTiTebebis, instruqciis mixedviT (werilobiTi
T av i 2
lacia an zepiri). magaliTad, ostati students aZlevs zepir
instruqcias xelsawyoebis gamoyenebasTan dakavSirebiT.
Seasrule, ganaxorciele, aaSene, aage.
am doneze students uwevs moqmedebis Sesruleba miTiTe-

sizuste bebis gareSe, damoukideblad. magaliTad, damoukide-
blad Carxva, burRva.
zustad Seasrule, daasrule, demonstrireba moaxdine.
am doneze students moeTxoveba axali amocanis, moTxov-

Cvevebis nis Sesasruleblad Cvevebis integrireba.
kombinireba swavlis Sedegis aRsawerad gamoiyeneba Semdegi frazebi:
gaaerTiane, Seajame, Seajere, Camoayalibe, koordinireba
moaxdine.
am doneze students moeTxoveba moqmedeba avtomatu-

natura- rad, cnobierebis monawileobis gareSe. magaliTad, av-
lizacia tomobilis marTva.
aage, marTe, Seqmeni, daazuste.
testirebisas gasaTvaliswinebelia, ra donis aqtivobis Sefaseba

gvinda; davalebebi, Sefasebis kriteriumi, formulirebuli unda iyos
fsiqomotoruli sferos donis Sesabamisad; taqsonomiis rac ufro
zeda safexurs miekuTvneba qceva, miT ufro rTulia is; Sesabamisad
icvleba Sesafasebeli davalebac.
arsebobs saswavlo miznebis fsiqomotoruli sferos ufro martivi
klasifikacia, romelic Seicavs martiv (qveda done), saSualo sirTu-
lisa da kompleqsur (zeda done) moqmedebebs. cxril 3-Si mocemulia
fsiqomotorul sferoSi saswavlo miznebis klasifikacia.
25
cxrili 3. saswavlo miznebi fsiqomotorul sferoSi
done maxasiaTeblebi
qveda done daxazva, dakavSireba-gacalkeveba, gameoreba, imitacia
saSualo Secdomis aRmoCena, damontaJeba, garemonteba,

done dayeneba
zeda done Seqmna, simulireba, gamokvleva, daproeqteba,

konstruireba
rac ufro zeda safexuris mizans isaxavs maswavlebeli, miT ufro

rTulia unar-Cvevebis gamomuSaveba. is did Zalisxmevas moiTxovs da
Sefasebis kriteriumebic gansxvavebulia.
2 . 2 . testuri proeqti
mas Semdeg rac zustad ganvsazRvravT saswavlo mizans, Semdegi

etapia testuri proeqtis Sedgena. testuri proeqti gulisxmobs zo-
gadi gegmis SemuSavebas, Tu ras vzomavT, ra tipis formats viyenebT,
ramdenad adekvaturia es formati, drois da adamianuri ra resursebi
gvaqvs da a.S. gegma maswavlebels exmareba darCes saswavlo mizanze
orientirebuli da amasTanave testSi sasurveli xarisxis sirTule
SeinarCunos.
kargi testis SemuSavebisaTvis testuri proeqtis ageba aucilebelia.
testur proeqts qmnis sagnis maswavlebeli an maswavlebelTa jgu-
fi. masSi unda Sevides Semdegi komponentebi:
1. Sinaarsi – testur proeqtSi unda Sevides im Temebis CamonaT-

vali, romlis Sefasebasac vapirebT da agreTve, CvenTvis mniS-
vnelovani miznebi.
2. kategoriebi _ gegmaSi unda aisaxos, ra unarebs da ra done-

ze vzomavT; SeiZleba testis garkveuli nawiliT vzomavdeT
codnis dones, Semdegi nawiliT _ analizs da a.S. testis age-
bamde unda vicodeT ra unarebs da ratom vzomavT, aseve maTi
wili (daaxloebiTi procenti) saerTo testSi. aseve unda gan-
isazRvros romeli donisaTvis ramdeni davaleba gvWirdeba.
26
3. testuri davalebebis raodenoba _ TiToeuli kategoriisaT-
testis Sedgena
vis unda ganisazRvros ra raodenobis davalebis SemuSaveba
gvWirdeba, imisaTvis, rom es kategoria sandod gaizomos.
4. TiToeuli testuri davalebis SesrulebisaTvis saWiro dro-

testur proeqtSi unda aisaxos ra dro sWirdeba TiToeuli
davalebis Sesrulebas; amis safuZvelze agreTve SesaZlebe-
lia testis SesrulebisaTvis saWiro drois gansazRvra.
T av i 2
5. asakobrivi jgufi, romelsac vutarebT testirebas; profe-
siuli ganaTlebis centrebSi SesaZlebelia swavlobdnen zrda-
srulebi an skolis moswavleebi; testSi gaTvaliswinebuli
unda iyos maTi asakobrivi Tavisebureba.
mosaxerxebelia testuri proeqtis ageba matricis (sqemis) saxiT; ma-

tricis mixedviT maswavlebels SeuZlia winaswar gansazRvros testis
Sinaarsi, testuri davalebebis raodenoba da maTi SesrulebisaTvis
saWiro dro; aseve Seafasos, ramdenad zomavs testi im codnasa da
unarebs, rac mas miznad hqonda dasaxuli.
ganvixiloT testuri proeqtis magaliTi kompiuteruli sistemebis
sferodan (ix. sqema1).
am SemTxvevaSi testis Sinaarsi gansazRvrulia Semdegi TemebiT: op-
eraciuli sistema Windows, saWiro informaciis moZieba Internet Explor-
er-is gamoyenebiT, eleqtronuli fostiT sargebloba Outlook express.
rogorc adrec aRvniSneT, kargia, roca testuri proeqti eyrdnoba
magaliTad, benJamen blumis taqsonomias. sqemaze 1 mocemulia benJa-
men blumis taqsonomiiT gansazRvruli unarebi: codna, Sefaseba da
gamoyeneba. testur proeqtSi unda ganisazRvros TiToeul am doneze
daaxloebiT ramdeni da ra tipis davaleba gvWirdeba.
magaliTad, pirveli sakiTxis, codnis donis, Sesafaseblad viRebT
5 daxuruli tipis davalebas, gagebisaTvis 7 davalebas da gamoyenebi-
saTvis 4 Ria tipis davalebas; davalebis tipis mixedviT vadgenT
TiToeuli davalebisaTvis saWiro dros; es sakmaod sapasuxismgeblo
amocanaa; ra dro dasWirdeba amocanis amoxsnas es damokidebulia amo-
canis tipsa da sirTuleze; magaliTad, 1 wT-is ganmavlobaSi SeiZleba
studentma upasuxos 2-3 daxuruli tipis kiTxvas, romelsac 2 pasuxi
27
aqvs; Ria tipis davalebis Sesrulebas, romelic mokle pasuxis Caweras

moiTxovs, SeiZleba studentma moandomos 1-2 wT; qvemoT mocemul
sqemaze testuri davalebebis SesrulebisaTvis saWiro dro pirobiTad
aris gansazRvruli;
sqema 1. testuri proeqti
codna gageba gamoyeneba sul
1. operaciuli 5 7 3 Ria tipis 16

sistema mravali arCev- mravali arCevi- 1 situaciuri (34%)
Windows iTi pasuxis Ti pasuxis davaleba
tipis davaleba tipis davaleba
4 wT 6 wT 10 wT 20 wT
2. informaciis 4 7 5 Ria tipis 17

moZieba Internet mravali arCevi- mravali arCevi- 1 situaciuri (36%)
Explorer-is Ti pasuxis Ti pasuxis davaleba
gamoyenebiT tipis davaleba tipis davaleba
3 wT 6 wT 11 wT 20 wT
3. eleqtronuli 4 6 4 14
fostiT WeSmariti- mravali arCevi- situaciuri (30%)
sargebloba mcdari tipis Ti pasuxis davaleba
Outlook express davaleba tipis davaleba
3 wT 5 wT 12 wT 20 wT
13 20 14 47
sul (28%) (42%) (30%) (100%)
10 wT 17 wT 33 wT 60 wT
amdenad, sqema 1 gviCvenebs, rom am testirebisaTvis SerCeuli gvaqvs

sul 3 Tema blumis taqsonomiis 3 doneze; studentma saerTo jamSi
unda Seasrulos 47 davaleba 60 wT-is ganmavlobaSi.
saerTod, testirebis drois gansazRvra mniSvnelovani sakiTxia; daw-
yebiTi klasis moswavleebisaTvis testirebis xangrZlivoba 45 wT-ze
meti ar unda iyos, sabazosaTvis es SeiZleba 1 sT-mde gaizardos; dam-
amTavrebel klasebSi da kolejebSi testireba SeiZleba grZeldebodes
2-3 sT, davuSvaT sakvalifikacio gamocdis dros; Tu maswavlebels
28
miaCnia, rom masalis srulad Sesafaseblad es dro arasakmarisia, um-
testis Sedgena
jobesia 2-3 testireba moawyos an masalis nawili mimdinare SefasebiT
Seafasos, vidre erTi xangrZlivi da damRleli testireba Caataros.
Semdegi, Zalian mniSvnelovani, sakiTxi aris davalebebisaTvis qu-
lebis miniWebis principi; msgavsi tipis davalebebs eniWeba erTnairi
qula, xolo sxvadasxva tipis davalebebis Sefaseba ar aris aucile-
beli erTnairi quliT.
rogorc ukve aRvniSneT, pedagogiuri testi unda amowmebdes cod-
nas sxvadasxva doneze, magaliTad, grunlundis mixedviT es doneebi
T av i 2
SeiZleba iyos: cnoba/aRdgena, gamoyeneba nacnob situaciaSi, codnis
gamoyeneba axal garemoSi. gTavazobT davalebebisaTvis qulebis mini-
Webis nimuSebs:
pirveli, dabali donis Sesabamisi davalebebis sworad Ses-

ruleba 1 quliT fasdeba.
_ araswori Sesruleba 0 quliT.
magaliTad, aseT Sefasebas viyenebT `WeSmaritia-mcdari~ ti-

pis testur davalebebSi.
meore donis davalebebi fasdeba 2 quliT.

_ Tu pasuxi srulyofilia aplikanti miiRebs 2 qulas;
_ Tu pasuxi arasworia, magram swori msjelobaa mocemuli
(Ria tipis davalebebis SemTxvevaSi) 1 qulas;
_ araswori pasuxi araswori msjelobiT _ 0 qula.
Sefasebis es forma gamoiyeneba Ria tipis davalebebis Sesa-
faseblad.
am SemTxvevaSi winaswar ganisazRvreba kriteriumebi, romelsac
unda akmayofilebdes msjeloba.
mesame tipis davaleba fasdeba 3 quliT.

_ swori pasuxi fasdeba 3 quliT;
_ swori pasuxi mcire SecdomebiT msjelobaSi, an araswori
pasuxi, magram sworad formulirebuli msjelobiT fas-
deba 2 quliT;
_ arasruli (dausrulebeli) pasuxi, swori logikuri msj-
elobiT fasdeba 1 quliT;
_ danarCen SemTxvevaSi iwereba 0 qula.
29
im davalebebisaTvis, romlebic Seicavs Ria kiTxvebs da saWiroebs

an msjelobas, an argumentebis moyvanas, winaswar aucileblad unda
SemuSavdes kriteriumebi, ra SemTxvevaSi CaiTvleba msjeloba, an
daskvnis gamotana sworad warmarTulad (dawvrilebiT ixileT eses
Sefaseba).
amdenad, Tu testi magaliTad 30 davalebisagan Sedgeba da TiToeu-
li donisaTvis 10 davalebaa gaTvaliswinebuli, pirveli donis dava-
lebebSi moswavlem unda daagrovos 10 qula, meore donis davalebebSi
20 qula, mesame tipis davalebebSi 30 qula.
sul gamodis 60 qula.
aqve aRvniSnavT, rom qulebis miniWebis es principi konkretuli
davalebis da miznis mixedviT SeiZleba Seicvalos.
2 . 3 . testuri davalebebis Sedgena
testi Sedgeba testuri davalebebisagan. efeqturi testis Sesaqm-

nelad Zalze mniSvnelovania testuri davalebebis swori SemuSaveba.
testuri davalebebi unda asaxavdes mTel naswavl masalas, magram
ra tipis Sinaarsi SeirCeva da ra formiT Camoyalibdeba testuri
davalebebi, umniSvnelovanesia testirebisaTvis. mniSvnelovania, rom
yoveli konkretuli testuri davaleba CvenTvis saintereso codnas
an unarebs zomavdes da amasTanave SesaZleblobas gvaZlevdes daskvna
gavakeToT konkretuli studentis momzadebis doneze.
arsebobs zogadi moTxovnebi, romelsac yvela testuri davaleba

unda akmayofilebdes:
testuri davaleba unda Seesatyvisebodes Sesafasebeli masalis

mniSvnelovan momentebs da ara trivialurs. testuri davaleba,
cxadia, garkveuli masalis codnis Sesafaseblad gamoiyeneba,
magram sasurvelia is pirdapir saswavlo masalidan ar iyos
aRebuli; aseT SemTxvevaSi SevamowmebT ramdenad kargad axsovs
students teqsti da ver gavigebT ramdenad gaazrebuli aqvs
mas masala anda ramdenad ganuviTarda Sefasebis unari.
30
testuri davaleba unda Seesabamebodes dones, ris Sesafase-
testis Sedgena
bladac is aris Sedgenili; testur davalebebSi unda aisaxos
mxolod is codna an unari, ris gazomvac aris dagegmili da
ara yvelaferi.
magaliTad, Tu gvinda SevafasoT ramdenad SeuZlia students
gansazRvros ramdeni standartuli zomis aguriT SeiZleba
1X1 m2 kedlis aSeneba, ise unda avagoT testuri davaleba,
rom es unari gavzomoT da ara sxva.
T av i 2
davaleba unda iyos lakoniuri, misi Sesruleba SesaZlebeli
unda iyos 3-5 wuTSi;
profesiul ganaTlebaSi testuri davalebis Sedgenisas unda

gaviTvaliswinoT, rom studentebi ara mxolod axal infor-
macias swavloben, aramed iviTareben unar-Cvevebsac. amitom
mniSvnelovania Sefasebis warmoeba testiT, romelic Seasru-
lebs rogorc swavlebis, aseve makontrolebel da diagnosti-
kur funqciebs.
testSi im raodenobis davalebebi unda Sevides, rom studen-

tebs mis Sesasruleblad Zalian didi dro ar dasWirdeT.
testuri davalebebis Sesadgenad maswavlebels unda hqondes

sakmarisi dro, raTa SesaZlebeli iyos maTi gadakeTeba anda
Secvla; sasurvelia testi 20-30 davalebisagan Sedgebodes.
magram testis konstruirebisas rekomendebulia 2-jer meti
davalebis Sedgena da Semdeg maTgan adekvaturi davalebebis
arCeva.
erT testur davalebaze pasuxi ar unda gamomdinareobdes sxva

davalebaze pasuxidan, Tumca maT SesaZlebelia aerTianebdes
saerTo mizani da konteqsti.
sasurvelia, rom erTi testi erTnairi tipis davalebebisa-

gan Sedgebodes. es aiolebs Sefasebis proceduras, Tumca
davalebis tipis SerCevisas unda gaviTvaliswinoT Semdegi
31
momentebi: gadaRla, rac testirebisas daSvebuli Secdomebis

erT-erTi mizezia, vinaidan testis Sevseba yuradRebis Zlier
koncentracias moiTxovs. amitom sxvadasxva tipis davale-
bebisagan Sedgenili testi naklebad monotonuria.
sasurvelia testuri davalebebi maswavlebelma SeimuSaos ko-

legebTan erTad. es ufro obieqturs gaxdis process.
testuri davalebis tipi da forma damokidebulia mizanze;

magaliTad, ganvixiloT erTi da imave sakiTxis Sesaswavlad
formulirebuli 3 tipis davaleba:
1. baiti aris informaciis sazomi erTeuli

a. WeSmaritia b. mcdaria
2. informaciis sazom erTeuls ewodeba ---------------.
3. qvemoT CamoTvlilTagan romelia informaciis sazomi erTeu-
li?
a. baiti b. vati
g. kelvini d. niutoni
maSin rodesac, pirvel da mesame davalebaSi studentma unda Semoxa-

zos swori pasuxi, risTvisac sakmarisia pasuxis cnoba, meore tipis
davalebaSi man Tavad unda gaixsenos da Caweros swori pasuxi.
maswavlebels SeuZlia testuri davalebebis eleqtronuli versiebi
Seagrovos da Seqmnas testuri davalebebis e.w. banki; am bankidan Ses-
aZlebelia yovel wels yvela kiTxva ara, magram, garkveuli kiTxvebi
gamoiyenos.
2.3.1 testuri davalebis tipebi
testuri davalebebi zogadad SeiZleba davyoT or did jgufad; pir-

vel jgufSi Sedis davalebebi, romlebic swori pasuxis agebas, Sedge-
nas saWiroeben, xolo meore jgufSi davalebebi, romlebic saWiroebs
swori pasuxis SerCevas; pirvel jgufs zogadad uwodeben Ria tipis
testur davalebebs, vinaidan maTi pasuxi winaswar ar aris mocemuli,
32
xolo meore jgufs _ daxuruli tipistestur davalebebs, vinaidan
testis Sedgena
maTi pasuxebi winaswaraa mocemuli da aplikants mxolod swori pa-
suxis arCeva moeTxoveba.
ufro konkretulad, arsebobs testuri davalebis ramdenime tipi;
esenia:
1. `WeSmaritia-mcdaria” tipis testuri davaleba _ daxuruli
tipis davaleba, saidanac moswavlem unda amoirCios erTi
swori pasuxi;
2. testuri davaleba mravali arCeviTi pasuxiT _ daxuruli ti-
T av i 2
pis davaleba, saidanac moswavlem unda amoirCios swori pa-
suxi;
3. testuri davaleba Sesabamisobis damyarebaze _ daxuruli ti-
pis davaleba, sadac moswavlem unda daamyaros kavSiri or
movlenas Soris;
4. testuri davaleba swori Tanmimdevrobis dadgenaze _ dava-
leba, sadac studentma CamoTvlili movlenebi an procesebi
unda daalagos swori TanmimdevrobiT;
5. testuri davaleba Ria daboloebiT _ Ria tipis davaleba, sa-
dac moswavlem damoukideblad unda daasrulos, Camoayalibos
pasuxi; es SeiZleba gulisxmobdes testuri davalebis das-
rulebas, an ufro didi moculobis eses daweras.
testuri davalebebis SerCeva damokidebulia sagnis Sinaarssa da
testirebis mizanze. profesiuli ganaTlebis sferoSi sasurvelia tes-
turi davalebebi imdagvarad iyos SerCeuli, rom zomavdes ara mxo-
lod faqtobriv codnas, aramed ufro maRali donis unarebsac.
qvemoT ganxilulia testuri davalebis tipebi.
`WeSmaritia-mcdaria~ tipis testuri davaleba
`WeSmaritia-mcdaria~ tipis testuri davaleba daxuruli tipis dava-

lebebis erT-erTi formaa, romelsac ori SesaZlo pasuxi aqvs. am
SemTxvevaSi studentma unda Seafasos mtkicebulebis WeSmariteba an
mcdaroba;
testur davalebas Tan axlavs instruqcia: `SemoxazeT swori pa-
suxi~.
33
rodis gamoiyeneba
`WeSmaritia-mcdaria~ tipis davaleba, Cveulebriv, maSin gamoiyene-
ba, rodesac didi moculobis masalis codna drois mcire monakveT-
Sia gadasamowmebeli da iseT debulebebs, mtkicebulebebs vamowmebT,
romelTac ori logikuri pasuxi aqvT.
aseTi tipis testebi sakmaod popularulia, rac ZiriTadad imiTaa
gamowveuli, rom advilia Sesaqmnelad da aseve naklebi dro sWirdeba
maT Sevsebas.
Zlieri mxareebi
o aseTi tipis testi Cveulebriv moklea da mis Sevsebas didi
dro ar sWirdeba; students 1 wT-is manZilze daaxloebiT 3-4
kiTxvaze pasuxis gacema SeuZlia;
o aseTi testi swrafi diagnostikis saukeTeso saSualebaa;
o advilia testze dagrovili qulebis daTvla.
susti mxareebi
aseTi tipis davalebebs aqvs Tavis susti mxareebi:
o swori pasuxis gamocnobis albaToba aris 50%; anu im SemT-
xvevaSi, Tu adamianma ar icis swori pasuxi da SemTxveviT
Semoxazavs pasuxebs, swori pasuxis gamocnobis albaToba
50%/50%;
o SedarebiT rTulia mtkicebulebaTa formireba, romelzedac
pasuxi mxolod `WeSmaritia~ an `mcdaria~;
o aseTi testuri davaleba ver zomavs maRali donis unarebs;
o miCneulia àdvil~ testad, romlis safuZvelze Zneli saTqme-
lia erTma studentma meoreze ramdenad kargad icis masala;
o sandoobisaTvis saWiroa didi raodenobis davalebebis Sedgena.
aseTi tipis davalebis Sedgenisas gasaTvaliswinebelia yoveli si-

tyva da aseve, ra mniSvneloba ideba masSi; terminebi ar unda iyos
orazrovani, romelsac sxvadasxva adamiani gansxvavebul interpreta-
cias gaukeTebs.
aseve, testi Sesamowmebeli teqstidan pirdapir amoRebuli debule-
bebisagan ar unda Sedgebodes; is unda Sedges teqstis gadamuSavebis
safuZvelze da studentisaTvis naTeli unda iyos davalebis konte-
qsti.
34
vinaidan aseTi tipis testze maRalia SemTxveviTi gamocnobis al-
testis Sedgena
baToba, codnis ufro obieqturad Sefasebis mizniT students Sesa-
Zlebelia sTxovoT axsna, ratom aris pasuxi araswori; es saWiroebs
damatebiT dros da ufro mcirericxovan auditoriasTan aris reko-
mendebuli.
rekomendaciebi:
T av i 2
yoveli davaleba unda iyos naTlad da gasagebad formu-
lirebuli;
davalebebi, winadadebebi unda iyos mokle da daaxloe-
biT toli sigrZis;
iseTi debulebebi unda SeirCes, romelic erTmniS-
vnelovnad mcdaria an sworia da ara raime xarisxiT
moicavdes orives;
debulebebi ar unda iyos Zalze zogadi da yvelafris mom-
cveli;
testSi unda Sevides daaxloebiT Tanabari raodenobis
mcdari da WeSmariti debulebebi; Tumca, aseve dasaSvebia
ufro meti mcdari, vidre WeSmariti debuleba gvqondes
(Sefardeba 60/40);
ar unda gamoviyenoT ormagi uarmyofeli debulebebi;
SemTxveviTi gamocnobis Sesamcireblad rekomendebulia
davalebaTa raodenobis gazrda;
testSi ar unda Sevides trivialuri sakiTxebi.
magaliTebi
1. A5 qaRaldis parametrebia 210X297 mm

a) WeSmaritia b) mcdaria
2. Rrma SeRebvis dros SesaRebi xsnariT iJRinTeba mTeli merqani
3. zondisa da kaTeteris dezinfeqciis dros gamoiyeneba
35
qloraminis 3% xsnari
4. cximebi citoplazmis struqturuli elementebia
testuri davaleba mravali arCeviTi pasuxiT
aseTi tipis davaleba ori nawilisagan Sedgeba: pirobis, romelic-

Camoyalibebulia SekiTxvis an mtkicebulebis saxiT da pasuxebis vari-
antebisagan, romelTa Soris moswavlem swori pasuxi unda airCios. sa-
varaudo pasuxebis raodenoba ZiriTadad oTxi an xuTia.
davalebas Tan axlavs instruqcia:
`SemoxazeT swori pasuxi”. sabolood testis gasaRebi –
xdeba pasuxebis Sedareba testis `ga- mravali arCeviTi pasuxis
saRebTan~ da swori pasuxebis mixed- testis swori pasuxebi.
viT qulebis daTvla.
rodis gamoiyeneba
testuri davaleba mravali arCeviTi pasuxiT gamoiyeneba maSin, ro-
desac gvsurs SevafasoT studentis momzadeba, faqtobrivi codni-
dan dawyebuli SefasebiT damTavrebuli. aseT davalebebs, ufro me-
tad, iyeneben maRal klasebSi an kolejebsa da institutebSi; dawyebiT
klasebSi gavarjiSebis gareSe, maTma gamoyenebam SeiZleba moswavle
daabnios.
Zlieri mxareebi
o mosaxerxebelia miznebis gasazomad yvela kognitur safex-
urze (codnidan _ Sefasebamde);
o didi moculobis masalis Semowmeba SeiZleba SedarebiT mcire
zomis testiT;
o qulebis miniWeba advili da obieqturia;
o pasuxebis SemTxveviTi gamocnobis albaToba mcirea.
susti mxareebi
o aseTi davalebis Sedgenas sWirdeba didi dro, gansakuTrebiT
maSin, rodesac gvinda maRali donis unarebis Sefaseba;
36
o rTulia pasuxebis formulireba;
testis Sedgena
o Tu testi yuradRebiT ar aris Sedgenili, SeiZleba erTze
meti swori pasuxi hqondes.
ganvixiloT testuri davalebis ZiriTadi maxasiaTeblebi qvemoT

mocemul magaliTze:
1. qimiuri sadezinfeqcio xsnaris gamoyenebis xangZlivoba aris:

a) 1 wami g) 7 dRe
T av i 2
b) 1 dRe d) 1 Tve
am testuri davalebis sawyis debulebas ewodeba piroba, romelic

SeiZleba ufro didi moculobis iyos an kiTxvis saxiTac iyos Camo-
yalibebuli; swor pasuxs ewodeba swori pasuxi, araswor pasuxski _
distraqtori.
testuri davalebis Zalian mniSvnelovani nawilia piroba; mis for-

mulirebamde unda vicodeT, ras mogvcems misi Sefaseba an ratom
aris misi formulireba aucilebeli; pirobas unda hqondes kargad
gamokveTili fokusi; students wakiTxvis Semdeg ar unda gauCndes
damatebiTi kiTxva ra igulisxmeba masSi an ra tipis informaciis mi-
wodebas iTxoven misgan.
testuri davaleba unda Seicavdes 2-4 distraqtors. testuri dava-
lebis distraqtori unda iyos imdeni, ramdensac testi iTvaliswinebs
da ara xelovnurad gazrdili an Semcirebuli. distraqtori ageba
xdeba ara SemTxveviTad, aramed raime logikis mixedviT, tipur Sec-
domebze dayrdnobiT, romelic SeiZleba studentma dauSvas.
magaliTad, davuSvaT students vaZlevT aseT amocanas
gamoTvaleT marTkuTxedis formis miwis nakveTis farTobi, romlis
sigrZe 10 m, xolo sigane 5 m aris. SemoxazeT qvemoT mocemuli pasuxe-
bidan swori pasuxi.
a) 49 m2 g) 51 m2
b) 50 m2 d) 52 m2
am amocanis swori pasuxia 50 m2; magram distraqtorebi arasworad

aris agebuli; ditraqtorebis SerCevisas ar aris gaTvaliswinebuli ti-
37
puri Secdomebi; vinaidan amocanis amosaxsnelad saWiroa gamravlebis

operaciis Sesruleba (10X5), amitom, sasurvelia sxva distraqtorebi
aigos Sejamebis, gamoklebis, gayofis operaciebis mixedviT. farTobi
xSirad erevaT xolme perimetrSi, amitom, distraqtorSi SeiZleba Se-
vitanoT perimetris pasuxi; anu arCevani SeiZleba iyos;
a) 5 m2 g) 30 m2
b) 15 m2 d) 50 m2
yovelTvis unda gvaxsovdes, rom mniSvnelovania pasuxebis sworad

SerCeva, naTlad da gasagebad formulireba.
pasuxebi unda iyos dalagebuli raime logikiT, anbanis mixedviT,
zrdis mixedviT da a.S.
ganvixiloT martivi magaliTi:

1. fesvi 4489 aris
a) 57 g) 47
b) 77 d) 67
am testis pasuxebi ar aris dalagebuli; umjobesia pasuxebi zrdis

mixedviT iyos dalagebuli:
2. fesvi 4489 aris

a) 47 g) 67
b) 57 d) 77
mravali arCeviTi pasuxis tipis davalebaSi SemTxveviTi gamocnobis

Tavidan asacileblad SeiZleba mivmarToT sxvadasxva xerxs; swori pa-
suxebis nomeri erTnairi sixSiriT ar unda meordebodes; magaliTad,
sxvadasxva davalebebis swori pasuxis nomeri yovelTviserTi da igive
ar unda iyos. testis sirTulis gasazrdelad, saWiroa distraqtorebis
raodenobis gazrda. miuxedavad imisa, rom zogjer sakmaod rTulia
distraqtorebis mofiqreba, sasurvelia, rom maTi raodenoba oTxze
naklebi ar iyos.
testuri davaleba mravali arCeviTi pasuxiT SeiZleba sxvadasxva
formiT iyos formulirebuli;
1. SesaZlebelia, mocemuli iyos kiTxva da students moeTxove-

bodes kiTxvaze swori pasuxis SerCeva;
38
kiTxva SeiZleba moicavdes uaryofiT formulirebas, rogo-
testis Sedgena
ricaa, ar gamomdinareobs, ar Seesabameba da a.S. magram ara
ormag uaryofas;
2. SesaZlebelia, davalebas hqondes ara erTi , aramed ramden-
ime swori pasuxi da students moeTxovebodes im erTaderTi
swori pasuxis moZebna.
3. davaleba SesaZlebelia Camoyalibebuli iyos msjelobis saxiT

da students moeTxovebodes mocemuli pasuxebidan SearCios
erTi pasuxi, romelic am mocemulobis logikuri gagrZelebaa.
T av i 2
magaliTad:
savaWro centrma gamouSva baraTi, romlis SeZenis SemTxvevaSi mis
mflobels SeuZlia erTi Tvis ganmavlobaSi saqoneli SeiZinos 5%-
ianifasdaklebiT. baraTis Rirebulebaa 25 lari. visac baraTi ar aqvs,
saqonels yidulobs fasdaklebis gareSe. baraTis SeZena.....
a) mizanSewonilia, Tu 1 Tvis ganmavlobaSi iyidiT 500 larze meti
Rirebulebis saqonels;
b) mizanSewonilia, Tu 1 Tvis ganmavlobaSi iyidiT 400 larze
naklebi Rirebulebis saqonels;
g) baraTis yidva saerTod ar aris mizanSewonili;
d) baraTis yidva yovelTvis mizanSewonilia.
4. davaleba SesaZlebelia mocemuli iyos ilustrirebuli sax-

iT da students moeTxovebodes pasuxis gacema ilustraciis
gaazrebis safuZvelze; es SeiZleba iyos sqema, naxati, grafiki,
cxrilida a.S; aseTi tipistesti mizanSewonilia gamoyenebis
da ufro maRali donis kognituri unarebis Sesafaseblad.
magaliTi:
xis asakis dasadgenad metyeveebi xis gadanaWerze arsebul wreebs
akvirdebian; ufro viwro rgolebi zamTarSi Cndeba, rodesac xis zrda
Senelebulia; gazafxulsa da zafxulSi warmoqmnili wreebi ki ufro
farToa; naxatze mocemulia xis ganakveTi, romelic zafxulSia ga-
keTebuli; ramdeni zamTari aqvs am xes gamovlili?
5. testur davalebaSi SeiZleba mocemuli iyos garkveuli situa-

cia, romlis gaazrebis safuZvelze unda gasces studentma pasuxi.
39
situaciuri davalebebi farTod gamoiyeneba profesiuli ganaTlebis

sferoSi; aseTi davalebebi efeqturia rogorc codnis, aseve unarebis
Sesamowmeblad; situacia imdagvarad aris agebuli, rom amowmebs stu-
dentis codnas praqtikul an eqsperimentul garemoSi.
magaliTad, mzareulisaTvis Sedgenil situaciur davalebaSi Sei-
Zleba SevamowmoT studentis momzadebis done, teqnologiuri proce-
sebis codna da a.S.
vinaidan, situaciuri davalebebi mniSvnelovania profesiuli gana-
Tlebis sferoSi, amitom am sakiTxs SedarebT detalurad ganvixilavT.
situaciuri testi ZiriTadad gamoiyeneba profesiuli kompetenciis
Sesamowmeblad. misi gamoyeneba xdeba sxvadasxva dawesebulebebSi garkveu-
li Tanamdebobis dasakaveblad (mag.:skolis direqtoris, mdivnis).
magaliTad:
warmoidgineT, rom Tqven fostis TanamSromeli xarT. davalebuli
gaqvT miRebuli werilebis racionaluri daxarisxeba. amocanis Sesas-
ruleblad unda airCioT saqaRaldeebidan an qaRaldis yuTebidan
romelime.
qvemoT moyvanili argumentebidan romelia swori?

a) werilebis daxarisxeba saqaRaldeebSi ufro swrafi
procesia;
b) werilebis daxarisxeba yuTebSi ufro swrafi procesia;
g) yuTebSi ukeT Cans daxarisxebuli masala;
d) saqaRaldeSi Cawyobili werilebis gadamuSaveba ufro iolia;
e) yuTebis gamoyeneba ar SeiZleba sawarmoSi fostis
gadasatanad.
situaciuri testis davaleba realuri saqmianobis Sesrulebis

unaris gamovlenazea orientirebuli. davaleba SeiZleba iyos ofi-
cialuri werilis, gancxadebis, brZanebis Sedgena (Tu es aucilebe-
lia konkretuli Tanamdebobis an kvalifikaciis misaRebad). mocemuli
tipis davaleba ise unda Sesruldes, TiTqos adamiani garkveul situ-
aciaSi, garkveul samsaxurebriv valdebulebas asrulebs.
situaciuri davaleba students saSualebas aZlevs argumentire-
buli pasuxi gasces davalebas. aseTi davalebebis amoxsniT studenti
40
emzadeba praqtikuli amocanis gadasaWrelad. situaciuri davalebis
testis Sedgena
Sesrulebisas studenti xsnis im amocanebs, romelic mas realuri sa-
muSaos dros mouwevs. aseTi davalebis gamoyenebisas mniSvnelovania
zustad iyos Camoyalibebuli instruqcia _ ra evaleba students, ro-
gor unda gasces pasuxi da a.S.
rekomendaciebi:
T av i 2
testuri davalebis piroba martivi eniT unda iyos formu-
lirebuli;
testuri davalebis piroba SeiZleba SekiTvis an debulebis
saxiT iyos Camoyalibebuli. savaraudo pasuxi SedarebiT
mokle unda iyos;
savaraudo pasuxebi unda iyos erTnairi sigrZis;
araswori pasuxi (distraqtori) ar unda iyos nawilobriv
swori;
davalebis piroba ormagi uarmyofeli mtkicebulebis sax-
iT ar unda iyos formulirebuli, es arTulebs davalebis
gagebas;
sasurveli ar aris Semdegi sityvebis gamoyeneba: `yvela“,
àrc erTi“, àrasdros“, `yovelTvis“. aseTi sityvebi
zogjer aiolebs pasuxis gamocnobas;
naklebad gamoiyeneba pasuxebi: ”yvela zemoT naTqvami“,
radgan uadvilebs gamocnobas im studentebs, romelTac
nawilobrivi codna aqvT sakiTxis Sesaxeb;
gamocnobis gasarTuleblad SesaZlebelia pasuxebs Soris
msgavsebis gazrda; aseve distraqtorebis raodenobis gaz-
rda (2-4);
distraqtorebi unda iyos homogenuri da daaxloebiT
Tanabari sigrZis, magram ara urTierTgadamfaravi;
pasuxebi anbanis, an raime logikis mixedviT unda iyos dal-
agebuli;
ar aris saWiro xelovnurad distraqtorebis raodenobis
gazrda;
testuri davaleba erT gverdze unda ganTavsdes; misi ga-
yofa sasurveli ar aris.
41
magaliTebi
1. orSriani iatakis dagebis dros ra sisqis garanduli ficrisagan

daigeba iatakis zeda Sre?
a) 15 mm b) 20mm g) 22 mm d) 27 mm
2. vTqvaT cnobilia, rom inflaciis saSualo tempi weliwadSi 10%

-is tolia (saSualo fasi izrdeba 10% - iT). Tqven gaqvT 4500 laris
Tanxa. Semdegi SemoTavazebebidan romels airCevdiT?
a) mTeli Tanxis 4 wliani investireba warmoebaSi, romelic yo-
velwliurad dagibrunebT 1200 lars;
b) Tanxis Senaxva;
g) 2000 laris ganTavseba sabanko angariSze 3 wlis ganmavlobaSi.
wliuri saprocento ganakveTi 11% - is tolia. xolo danar-
Ceni Tanxis Senaxva;
d) 1000 laris ganTavseba sabanko angariSze 3 wlis ganmavlobaSi.
wliuri saprocento ganakveTi 12% - is tolia. xolo danar-
Ceni Tanxis Senaxva.
3. ra zomis formebSi iReben betonis nimuSebs simtkicis dasad-

genad?
a) 10 X 10 X 10 sm b) 15 X 15 X 15 sm
g) 20 X 20 X 20 sm d) 25 X 25 X 25 sm.
4. romel kerZs umateben momzadebisas TeTr Rvinos?

a) xorcis b) Tevzis
g) bostneulis d) qaTmis
testuri davaleba Sesabamisobis damyarebaze
es aris testuri davalebis tipi, sadac studentma unda daamyaros

Sesabamisoba or elements Soris: testSi mocemul pirobasa da pa-
suxebs Soris.
mocemuli tipis davaleba aris daxuruli tipis davalebis modifi-
kacia, romelsac ramdenime arCevani aqvs. am SemTxvevaSi pasuxis arCe-
vani SezRudulia mimarTebis damyarebiT.
42
SesaZlebelia, pirobebisa da pasuxebis raodenoba iyos Tanabari,
testis Sedgena
Tumca SemTxveviTi gamocnobis Tavidan acilebis mizniT, sasurvelia
piroba iyos savaraudo pasuxebis raodenobaze naklebi.
rodis gamoiyeneba
aseTi tipis davaleba gamoiyeneba maSin, rodesac gvinda movlenebs
Soris kavSirebis codnisa da gaazrebis gadamowmeba.
aseTi tipis davaleba cxrilis saxiT aris xolme mocemuli. erT
svetSi mocemulia pirobebi, meore svetSi ki _ pasuxebi. tests Tan
T av i 2
erTvis instruqcia, ris gakeTeba evaleba students.
Sesabamisobis testi saukeTesoa, Semdegi tipis mimarTebebis dasa-
myareblad:
1. istoriuli movlenebi da TariRebi;
2. elementebi da simboloebi;
3. terminebi da ganmartebebi;
4. mTeli da misi Semadgeneli nawilebi;
5. mizezebi da maT mier gamowveuli Sedegebi;
6. iaraRebi, mowyobilobebi da maTi gamoyeneba/eqspluatacia;
7. problemebi da maTi gadaWris gzebi;
8. diagramebi, naxatebi da maTi interpretaciebi da a.S.
Zlieri mxareebi
o SesaZlebelia codnis gadamowmeba nebismier sferoSi;
o advilia aseTi tipis testebis qulebis daTvla;
o mosaxerxebelia aseTi tipis davalebebis gamoyeneba, rodesac
gvainteresebs faqtebs Soris asociaciis /kavSiris gageba;
o Tu testi sworad aris agebuli, dabalia swori pasuxis Sem-
TxveviTi gamocnobis albaToba.
susti mxareebi
o xandaxan is Seusabamoa studentebisaTvis, radgan martiv in-
formacias exeba;
o Znelia instruqciis formulireba;
o Znelia davalebebis formulireba;
o davalebebi fokusirebulia mexsierebaze da naklebad maRali
donis unarebze.
43
am tipis davalebis formulirebisas gasaTvaliswinebelia Semdegi

garemoeba: aseTi tipis davalebas sWirdeba gasagebi instruqcia; stu-
dentma unda icodes, ra evaleba mas, aqvs Tu ara yvela debulebas
erTi adekvaturi pasuxi, rogor unda moZebnos Sesabamisoba, miuTiTos
isriT, gamotovebul adgilze daweros pasuxis nomeri, sruli pasuxi
gasces da a.S.
magaliTad, aseTi tipis instruqcia ararekomendebulia `daamyareT
Sesabamisoba~;
sasurvelia instruqcia Semdegi saxiT iyos Camoyalibebuli:
`marcxena svetSi mocemulia samSeneblo iaraRebis funqciebi, xolo
marjvena svetSi iaraRebis saxelwodebebi; marcxena svetSi, pirobis
win, CawereT pasuxebis svetidan swori pasuxis Sesabamisi aso; pasuxebi
SesaZlebelia erTze metjer iyos gamoyenebuli~ .
pasuxebi unda iyos garkveulwilad homogenuri sferos mixedviT;
magaliTad, Tu testis erTi debuleba exeba buRalterias, meore ar
unda exebodes turizms, Tu maT Soris raime kavSiri ar aris.
magaliTad, ararekomendebulia aseTi tipis testuri davalebis ga-
moyeneba;
daamyareT Sesabamisoba:
1. wyali a. 1945
2. marili b. NHS
3. Seqmna periodulobis sistema g. NaCl
4. birTvuli bombi pirvelad gamoiyenes d. mendeleevi
5. amoniumi e. H20
aseTi testuri davaleba aadvilebs SemTxveviT gamocnobas, radgan

me-3 da me-4 kiTxva SesaZlebelia codnis gareSe gamoicnos studentma.
qvemoT mocemulia davaleba, romelSic homogenobis principi dacu-
lia da warmodgenilia detaluri instruqcia:
`marcxena svetSi mocemulia qimiuri elementebis saxelwodebebi,
xolo marjvenaSi _ simboloebi; maT win CawereT im qimiuri elementis
Sesatyvisi aso, romelic, Tqveni azriT, qimiuri elementis srul sa-
xelwodebas Seesabameba; yoveli pasuxi gamoiyeneT mxolod erTxel~.
44
................ 1. wyalbadi a. Au
testis Sedgena
................ 2. vercxli b. H
................ 3. TuTia g. Ag
................ 4. rkina d. Zn
................ 5. oqro e. Fr
pirobebis dawyobisas kargi iqneba garkveuli logikis gamoyeneba;

magram cxadia, ara ise, rom es swori pasuxebis gamocnobas exmare-
bodes.
T av i 2
radgan Cveulebriv teqsti ikiTxeba marcxnidan marjvniv mimarTu-
lebiT, amitom sasurvelia piroba, ufro vrceli msjeloba, eweros
dajgufebuli saxiT marcxniv, xolo pasuxebi _ marjvniv.
pasuxebi unda iyos erTmniSvnelovani da ara orazrovani; Tu pa-
suxSi weria magaliTad, diuma, unda davazustoT, romeli diuma igu-
lisxmeba, umcrosi Tu ufrosi?
rekomendaciebi:
davalebas unda axldes instruqcia, ra evaleba students,
SeiZleba Tu ara erTi da imave pasuxis ramdenjerme gamoy-
eneba;
ra formiT daamyaros mimarTeba pasuxebsa da pirobebs So-
ris _ daxazos, Caweros, Tu rogor;
testuri davalebis marcxena mxares Tavsdeba pirobebi,
marjvena mxares – pasuxebi;
sasurvelia piroba naklebi iyos vidre pasuxi;
yvela piroba unda iyos danomrili, xolo pasuxebi- asoe-
biT aRniSnuli;
pasuxebi da pirobebi unda iyos SeZlebisdagvarad mokle
da homogenuri;
gamoyenebuli ar unda iyos raime tipis miniSneba, rac swo-
ri pasuxis gamocnobas gaadvilebs;
testSi sasurvelia iyos 15 davaleba an ufro naklebi;
testuri davaleba unda ganTavsdes erT furcelze.
45
magaliTebi
1. marcxena svetSi mocemulia sxvadasxva sazomi erTeulebi, xolo

marjvenaSi _ maTi saxelwodebebi. marcxena svetSi yoveli punqtis win
CawereT aso, romelic marjvena svetSi mocemuli variantebidan swor
pasuxs Seesabameba:
................ 1. temperaturis sazomi erTeuli a. bari
................ 2. Zalis sazomi erTeuli b. baiti
................ 3. informaciis sazomi erTeuli g. vati
................ 4. wnevis sazomi erTeuli d. niutoni
................ 5. simZlavris sazomi erTeuli e. kelvini
2. marcxena svetSi mocemulia sakontrolo-sazomi xelsawyoebis fun-

qciebi, xolo marjvenaSi-maTi saxelwodebebi. marcxena svetSi yoveli
punqtis win CawereT aso, romelic marjvena svetSi mocemuli sakon-
trolo-sazomi xelsawyoebis swor saxelwodebas Seesabameba; yoveli
pasuxi gamoiyeneT mxolod erTxel:
........1. wyobis vertikalurobis
Sesamowmebeli xelsawyo a. Sveuli
........2. wyobis horizontalobis
Sesamowmebeli xelsawyo b. Tarazo
........3. wyobisTvis swori kuTxis
mimcemi xelsawyo g. gonio
........4. sigrZis sazomi
xelsawyo d. ruleti
........5. wyobis sisworis Sesamowmebeli xelsawyo e. SimSa
v. lari
z. samwkrivela
3. marcxena svetSi yoveli punqtis win CawereT aso, romelic mar-

jvena svetSi mocemuli operaciebis swor pasuxs Seesabameba:
................ 1. teqstidan fragmentis amoWra a.Ctrl+C

................ 2. teqstis fragmentis kopireba b.Ctrl+V
................ 3. teqstis fragmentis Cadgma g. Ctrl+X
4. marcxena svetSi mocemulia sxvadasxva elementebis naklebobiT

gamowveuli daavadebebis niSnebi, xolo marjvenaSi-elementebis saxel-
46
wodebebi. marcxena svetSi yoveli punqtis win CawereT aso, romelic
testis Sedgena
swor pasuxs Seesabameba; yoveli pasuxi gamoiyeneT mxolod erTxel:
................ 1. ziandeba Zveli foTlebi a. fosfori

da talRiseburi xdeba b. kaliumi
................ 2. xexilovani kenweros foTlebi g. rkina
xdeva Ria-mwvane an moyviTalo d. bori
................ 3. mcenare iRebs buCqis formas e. magniumi
................ 4. foTlis firfita yviTldeba, v. TuTia
T av i 2
ZarRvebi rCeba mwvane
`WeSmaritia-mcdaria~, Sesabamisobisa da mravali arCeviTi pasuxis

testur davalebebs `cnobis~ davalebebs uwodeben, radgan students
SeuZlia maTi warmatebiT Sevseba, maSinac, ki, rodesac ubralod pasuxi
ecnoba, Tumca isic SesaZlebelia, rom pasuxi ver gaixsenos.
testuri davaleba swori Tanmimdevrobis damyarebaze
testuri davalebis es tipi mimarTulia movlenebis, procesebis

Tanmimdevrobis codnaze. davalebaSi SemTxveviTi TanmimdevrobiT-
CamoTvlilia garkveuli moqmedebebi, procesebi, elementebi da stu-
dents moeTxoveba maTi garkveuli principiT dalageba. msgavsi tipis
davalebebs Tan erTvis Semdegi saxis instruqcia: `daamyareT swori
Tanmimdevroba.~
rodis gamoiyeneba
aseTi saxis davaleba im SemTxvevaSi gamoiyeneba, rodesac gvinda
gavarkvioT ramdenad kargad icis studentma garkveuli movlenebisa
Tu procesebis Tanamimdevroba. procesebs Tu movlenebs erTi swori
Tanamimdevroba unda hqondes.
Zlieri mxareebi
o aseTi tipis testuri davalebis Sesrulebisas xdeba ara mxo-
lod masalis gaxseneba, aramed analizisa da sinTezis opera-
ciebis gamoyenebac.
47
susti mxareebi
o yvela disciplinisaTvis rTulia am stilis davalebis Sedge-
na. zog mecnierebaSi saerTod ar mimarTaven mocemuli for-
mis testur davalebas.
rekomendaciebi:
SearCieT iseTi davaleba, romelSic Tanamimdevrobis
dacvas arsebiTi mniSvneloba aqvs;
testur davalebas gaukeTeT martivi da gasagebi in-
struqcia.
magaliTebi
1. daalageT cximmzomSi reaqtivebisa da rZis Casxmis swori Tanamim-

devroba
_ rZe _ gogirdmJava _ amilis spirti
2. qvemoT moyvanilia minanqris nakeTobis damzadebisas Sesasrule-

beli operaciebi; daalageT isini Tanamimdevrobis mixedviT
_ fondonis dadeba _ tixris dawebeba
_ tixris damzadeba _ nakeTobis gaprialeba
_ feris Cadeba _ nakeTobis gamowva
3. qvemoT mocemulia kerZebis CamonaTvali; rogori Tanamimdevro-

biT Sedis isini meniuSi
_ cxeli sasmeli _ tkbili kerZebi
_ sakonditro nawarmi _ cxeli kerZebi
_ civi sasmelebi _ xili
_ civi kerZebi _ wvniani kerZebi
48
testuri davaleba Ria daboloebiT
testis Sedgena
testuri davaleba Ria daboloebiT TviTon studentma unda Seav-
sos, daasrulos.
arsebobs Ria daboloebis testuri davalebis ori saxeoba:
pirveli, sadac unda Caiweros konkretuli, mokle pasuxi da meore-
sadac aplikantma damoukideblad unda Camoayalibos pasuxi, an dawe-
ros ese.
pirvel SemTxvevaSi pasuxi moklea – erTi sityva, cifri, simbolo;
T av i 2
ese ki aris testuri davalebis saxe, romelic vrcel pasuxs moiTxovs
(unda Caiweros msjeloba, sazepiro, an sulac mokle Sinaarsi).
Ria tipis testi studentebma SeiZleba Seasrulon jgufurad, klasSi;
ese moswavleebma SeiZleba daweron klasSi wignebisa da konspeqtebis
gamoyenebiT an maT gareSe, an daweron saxlSi. testis formis arCeva
damokidebulia testirebis mizansa da Tavad sakiTxze.
testuri davaleba Ria daboloebiT
rodis gamoiyeneba
aseTi tipis davaleba gamoiyeneba im dros, rodesac gvinda drois
mcire monakveTSi didi moculobis masalis codnis da nacnob situa-
ciaSi naswavli masalis gaxsenebis unaris Semowmeba.
msgavsi tipis davalebas standartuli instruqcia axlavs Tan _
`CasviT gamotovebuli sityva~ an `daasruleT fraza~.
Zlieri mxareebi
o advilia testuri davalebebis Sedgena;
o naklebia swori pasuxis SemTxveviTi gamocnoba;
o maT Sevsebas sWirdeba ufro mcire dro, vidre testur dava-
lebas mravali arCeviTi pasuxiT;
o efeqturad zomavs dabali donis kognitur unarebs;
o efeqturia Semdegi tipis kiTxvebze pasuxis gasacemad: `vin~,
`sad~, `ra~, `rodis~?
susti mxareebi
o naklebia davalebis sirTulis done, radgan pasuxi SezRudu-
lia 1-2 sityviT, amitomac testi ufro gaxsenebas zomavs, vi-
49
dre ufro maRali donis kognitur aqtivobas;

o Sefasebas sWirdeba didi dro.
aseTi tipis davalebis Sedgenisas gasaTvaliswinebelia, rom yvela

maTgani ise unda aigos, rom mxolod erTi pasuxi moiazrebodes; aseve
debuleba ise unda dakonkretdes, rom aplikanti TavisTavad mivides
swor pasuxamde an swori debulebis Caweramde.
ganvixiloT Semdegi magaliTi:
optikuri mikroskopi gamoigones ....................;
erTi SexedviT es kargad formulirebuli davalebaa, Tumca Sesa-

Zlebelia studentma sxvadasxvanairad upasuxos, daweros konkretuli
TariRi, saukune, adgili; am SemTxvevaSi studentis Sefaseba rTuli
iqneba.
Tu am debulebas davakonkretebT, davumatebT wels, an saukunes,
maSin zustad gvecodineba rasac viTxovT studentisagan da pasuxic
amis mixedviT Sefasdeba.
optikuri mikroskopi gamoigones .................... wels.
testSi gamotovebuli unda iyos mxolod ZiriTadi sityva(ebi); im-

deni sityva ar unda iyos gamotovebuli, rom winadadebis azri dair-
Rves da studenti ver mixvdes razea saubari; ena studentebisaTvis
maqsimalurad gasagebi unda iyos.
magaliTad, mizanSewonili ar aris qvemoT mocemuli testis gamoy-

eneba, radgan aq gamotovebulia ara sityva-gasaRebi, aramed mTeli
teqsti.
............................................................................................ ZiriTadi ferebia
sworia aseTi formulireba:

speqtris ZiriTadi ferebia ........... ., ........... da .........................
50
am davalebaSi dakonkretebulia ra ferebzea saubari da aseve ga-
testis Sedgena
motovebuli adgilebis mixedviT naTelia, rom davaleba moiTxovs 3
pasuxs.
rekomendaciebi:
ena unda iyos maqsimalurad gasagebi da araorazrovani;
rekomendebulia teqsti pirdapir aRebuli ar iyos masal-
idan, rac students masalis ubralod gaxsenebas Seuwyobs
T av i 2
xels;
sasurvelia gamotovebuli sityva iyos winadadebis bolos
da ara TavSi;
gamotovebuli unda iyos erTi an ramdenime sityva.
magaliTebi
1. soflis meurneobaSi mosavali (tonobiT) heqtarze iangariSeba

Semdegi formuliT .....................;
2. brma meTodiT klaviaturis aTvisebis ori meTodi arsebobs
..................... da .....................;
3. SeerTebas, romelSic namzadis iribi boloebi blagvia, rac
abrkolebs namzadis gadanacvlebas grZivi mimarTulebiT gaWimvisa da
kumSvisas, ewodeba .....................;
4. flemingma antibiotiki penicilini Seqmna ..................... wels.
ese
ese aris Ria tipis davaleba, romlis pasuxi Tavad studentma unda
Camoayalibos. arsebobs sxvadasxva saxis ese; ese, romelsac SezRudu-
li pasuxi aqvs da Sesabamisad SezRuduli pasuxis ese ewodeba; aseTi
ese tardeba klasSi da ar moiTxovs Zalian vrcel pasuxs; davalebis
Sesrulebis dro gansazRvrulia, magaliTad, 1 sT-iT; aseve arsebobs
51
ufro vrceli ese, romelic magaliTad, 10, 15, 20 gverds aRwevs. am

ukanasknels gavrcobili pasuxis eses uwodeben; rogorc wesi aseT
eses studentebi saxlSi weren da amisaTvis maT sakmarisi dro eZl-
evaT, magaliTad, 2 kvira,1 Tve da a.S. sakiTxis sirTulis mixedviT.
SezRuduli pasuxis esesaTvis SeiZleba, magaliTad, amgvari sakiTx-

is gamoyeneba: SemoTavazebuli ori Temidan airCieT erT-erTi da ga-
moTqviT Tqveni azri, ramdenad eTanxmebiT an ar eTanxmebiT mocemul
Tvalsazriss. axseniT Tqveni pozicia da Tqveni mosazrebebi daasabu-
TeT argumentebiTa da magaliTebiT. namuSevari ar unda aRematebodes
300 sityvas.
SezRuduli pasuxis ese gamodgeba Semdegi tipis davalebis Sesas-
ruleblad:
1. faqtebsa da movlenebs Soris arsebuli urTierTmimarTebis ana-

lizi;
2. poziciebis Sedareba;
3. mizezsa da Sedegs Soris mimarTebis damyareba;
4. hipoTezis formulireba;
5. problemis, sakiTxis susti da Zlieri mxareebis miTiTeba-gamo-
yofa;
6. sxvadasxva wyaroebidan miRebuli monacemebis gaerTianeba;
7. davalebis, moqmedebis, produqtis da a.S xarisxis Sefaseba
da a.S.
gavrcobili pasuxis ese gamoiyeneba im SemTxvevaSi, rodesac gvinda

movlenis an procesis Zlieri da susti mxareebis ganxilva garkveul
wyaroebze dayrdnobiT, Sedareba da a.S.
rodis gamoiyeneba
SezRuduli pasuxis ese ufro gamoiyeneba codnis, gagebis da gamoy-
enebis doneebis Sesamowmeblad, maSin roca gavrcobili pasuxis ese
gamoiyeneba sinTezis, organizebisa da Sefasebis mizniT.
SezRuduli pasuxis ese maSin gamoiyeneba, rodesac SedarebiT mcire
zomis masala gvaqvs Sesamowmebeli da drois resursi mcirea. gavrco-
bili pasuxis ese maSin tardeba, rodesac didi masala da maRali donis
unarebi gvaqvs Sesafasebeli.
52
eses Zlieri mxareebi
testis Sedgena
o amowmebs maRali donis kognitur (SemecnebiT) unarebs;
o advilia maswavleblisaTvis Sesaqmnelad;
o gamoricxavs swori pasuxis SemTxveviTad gamocnobas;
o pasuxis gacemaSi students aqvs Tavisufleba.
susti mxareebi
o rTulia Sefasebis obieqturobis dacva;
o rTulia Sefasebis kriteriumis SemuSaveba;
T av i 2
o Sefasebas sWirdeba didi dro.
eses daweras aqvs Tavisi specifika; is studentisagan moiTxovs ara

mxolod Sinaarsobrivi sakiTxis gadaWras, aramed pasuxis dasabuTebas,
pasuxis struqturirebas.
sxva yvela testuri davalebis msgavsad eses davalebac SeiZleba
kargad an cudad iyos Camoyalibebuli; Tu eses sakiTxi kargad aris
dasmuli, is unda zomavdes maRali donis kognitur (SemecnebiT) pro-
cesebs. anu students moeTxoveba axali problemis gadaWra, sakiTxis
analizi an sinTezi.
cudad formulirebuli eses testuri davaleba SeiZleba studenti-
sagan moiTxovdes mxolod masalis gaxsenebas, saxelmZRvaneloze iyos
orientirebuli da ar moiTxovdes sakiTxis gaazrebas da analizs.
eses Tema imdagvarad unda iyos formulirebuli, rom naTeli iyos
ra aqtivobas moiTxoven studentisagan; aseve unda hqondes garkveuli
CarCo, ra moculobis unda iyos pasuxi, 1 _ gv, 2 gv da a.S.da ramdeni
Teoriis, wyaros Tu mosazrebis mixedviT aris saWiro pasuxis gacema.
magaliTad, ganvixiloT aseTi sakiTxi: CamoTvaleT usafrTxoebis
meTodebi, romelic gamoiyeneba minanqris damuSavebis dros?
es cudad Sedgenili kiTxvaa, vinaidan mxolod sakiTxis gaxsenebas
da konkretuli pasuxis gacemas moiTxovs.
amis nacvlad SeiZleba eses kiTxva Semdegnairad CamovayaliboT:
SeadareT saqarTveloSi minanqris da tixruli minanqris damuSavebis
xerxebi warsulsa da TanamedroveobaSi; ra msgavseba da gansxvavebaa
am meTodebs Soris da riTia ganpirobebuli es cvlilebebi. Tqveni
mosazrebebi daasabuTeT argumentebiTa da magaliTebiT; namuSevari ar
unda aRematebodes 400 sityvas.
53
aq mniSvnelovania is, rom studentisagan moviTxovT analizs, orga-

nizebas, argumentirebas.
Tu studentebs gansaxilvelad vaZlevT iseT sakiTxs, romlis Sesaxe-
bac sapirispiro azri arsebobs, maSin students unda movTxovoT, da
cxadia misi naSromi unda SevafasoTara imis mixedviT, Tu ra pozicias
uWers igi mxars, aramed rogor asabuTebs sakuTar mosazrebas, rogor
gamoaqvs daskvna, an ra argumentebs aniWebs upiratesobas daskvnebis
gamotanisas.
magaliTad, soflis mosaxleobis axalgazrdebis nawili Tvlis, rom
asanTis fabrikis aSeneba xels Seuwyobs maTi soflis ganviTarebas, xolo
asakovani adamianebi fabrikis aSenebas ewinaaRmdegebian, radgan Tvlian,
rom es zians moutans garemos. romeli mosazrebaa TqvenTvis misaRebi
axalgazrdebis Tu asakovani adamianebis? moiyvaneT 2 argumenti.
rekomendaciebi:
eses sakiTxis Camoyalibebamde zustad unda ganisazRv-

ros ra tipis procesis Sefaseba igegmeba;
sakiTxi Camoyalibebuli unda iyos naTlad da gasagebad;
eses unda axldes instruqcia ras moiTxovT studentisa-
gan; ra moculobis teqsti, ra wyaroebze dayrdnobiT, ra
formiT unda Camoyalibdes;
unda dakonkretdes ra tipis detaluroba moeTxoveba
students, ra moculobis unda iyos pasuxi;
eses sakiTxi rekomendebulia daiwyos Semdegi sityvebiT:
Seadare, axseni, daasabuTe, moiyvane magaliTebi da a.S.
sakiTxi ar iwyeba Semdegi sityvebiT: ra, vin, rodis da
CamoTvale, radgan aseTi kiTxvebi moiTxovs mxolod ma-
salis gaxsenebas;
sasurvelia, students mieces saSualeba Tavad SearCios
sapasuxod sakiTxebi, magaliTad, 3 sakiTxi SemoTavaze-
buli 5 sakiTxidan, an 2 sakiTxi 4 sakiTxidan da a.S.
54
magaliTebi
testis Sedgena
1. axseniT da daasabuTeT msgavseba da gansxvaveba erTlebni-
ani da orlebniani mcenareebis gaRvivebas Soris; moiyvaneT
konkretuli magaliTebi; namuSevari ar unda aRematebodes
250 sityvas.
2. cnobilia, rom alumini Cveulebriv amindSi ar iJangeba, Tum-
ca mis saxuravad gamoyenebas garkveuli naklovanebebi aqvs;
gamoyaviT aluminis saxuravad gamoyenebis upiratesoba da
T av i 2
nakli; daasabuTed, ra unda gakeTdes imisaTvis, rom aluminis
saxuravis simtkice gaizardos; pasuxi ar unda aRematebodes
400 sityvas.
2 . 4 . testis sandooba da validoba
testi unda iyos validuri da sando, winaaRmdeg SemTxvevaSi tes-

tis safuZvelze Sefaseba ver iqneba obieqturi da Secdomebisagan
dazRveuli.
testis validoba
testis validoba _ gazomvis
testi validuria, Tu is zomavs xerxis Sesatyvisoba gasazom
im movlenas, ris gasazomadac gamoi-
movlenasTan.
yeneba. arsebobs sxvadasxva saxis
validoba, Tumca, aucilebeli ar
aris nebismier testTan dakavSirebiT yvela saxis validobis dadgena.
rogorc wesi, saWiroebisa da sakiTxidan gamomdinare, SeirCeva testis
validobis dasadgeni romelime meTodi.
arsebobs testis validobis Semdegi maCveneblebi. pirveli maCvene-

beli aris TvalsaCino (garegnuli) validoba. misi Semowmeba Sedar-
ebiT iolia. Tu testis garegnuli saxe Seesabameba im warmodgenas, Tu
rogor unda gamoiyurebodes testi, mas aqvs TvalsaCino (garegnuli)
validoba. amis gansazRvra moswavlesac SeuZlia. mag., ufrosklasel-
TaTvis miwodebul testSi SekiTxvebi ar unda iyos ise formulire-
buli, TiTqos is umcrosklaselTaTvisaa gankuTvnili.
55
validobis meore maCvenebeli aris Sinaarsis validoba. Sinaar-

sobrivad validuri testi unda Seesabamebodes saswavlo kursis an
gakveTilis Sinaarss. kargi testi unda moicavdes davalebebs yvela
ZiriTadi saswavlo miznis Sesabamisad. Tu kursis mizani moswavlis Sem-
ecnebiTi procesebis ganviTarebaa, maSin es testSi unda iyos asaxuli.
Tu saswavlo kursis 40% eTmoboda garkveuli informaciis gadacemas
da 60% praqtikuli davalebebis Sesrulebas, testi ise unda iyos Sed-
genili, rom misi 40% amowmebdes mocemuli informaciis codnas.
testis Sinaarsobrivi validobis Semowmeba arcTu ise iolia. is sa-

Tanado logikur analizs moiTxovs.
magaliTad, Tu qvemoT moyvanili SekiTxva masalis gagebis Semow-

mebisTvisaa gankuTvnili, maSin mas ar aqvs Sinarsobrivi validoba.
magaliTi: ramdeni tipis validoba arsebobs?

a) 1 b) 2 g) 3 d) 5
magram, Tu SekiTxvas Semdegnairad CamovayalibebT _ ratom aris Tval-

saCino validoba Zalian mniSvnelovani pedagogiuri testisaTvis?
maSin es SekiTxva validuria. aseTi tipis SekiTxviT SegviZlia ga-

varkvioT, Tu ramdenad aqvT gagebuli da gaazrebuli es masala mo-
swavleebs.
Sinaarsis validobis dadgena gansakuTrebiT mniSvnelovania peda-

gogiuri testis Sedgenisas. sxva tipis validobebisgan gansxvavebiT,
Sinaarsis validobas ar aqvs ricxviTi maCvenebeli. mis dasadgenad
saeqsperto Sefasebas mimarTaven. testis Seqmnisas Sinaarsis sferos
gansazRvris safuZvelze eqspertebi askvnian, Tu romeli davalebebi
unda iqnes arCeuli testSi CarTvisaTvis. amrigad, mniSvnelovania Se-
safasebeli sferos adekvaturi gansazRvra.
konstruqtiuli validoba – validobis mesame tipia, romelic mniSv-

nelovania fsiqologiuri testebisaTvis.
konstruqti am SemTxvevaSi aris Teoriidan aRebuli hipoTeza, rome-

lime pirovnuli Taviseburebis maxasiaTebeli. magaliTad, Teoria amt-
kicebs, rom maRali inteleqtis mqone adamianebi seriozulad ekidebian
56
saqmes da naklebad impulsurebi arian. amitom inteleqtis tests maSin
testis Sedgena
aqvs konstruqtuli validoba, Tu maRali inteleqtis maCvenebeli ka-
vSirSia impulsurobis dabal xarisxTan.
prediqtuli validoba – niSnavs imas, rom testirebisas miRebuli

rezultatebis safuZvelze Cven unda SegveZlos momavali qcevis an
ama Tu im saqmianobaSi efeqturobis winaswarmetyveleba. magaliTad,
Cven SegviZlia davuSvaT, rom Tu studentma kargad Caabara misaRebi
gamocdebi, is saswavlebelSic kargad gaagrZelebs swavlas.
testis validoba miiRweva testuri davalebebis validobis gazr-
T av i 2
diT; amisaTvis saWiroa, rom:
1. yoveli testuri davaleba Seesabamebodes gasazom codnasa da
unarebs;
2. debuleba ar Seicavdes Secdomebs;
3. distraqtorebi agebuli iyos logikurad, anu iseT alternativebs
moicavdes, romlis msgavsi Secdoma SeiZleba aplikantma dauSvas.
testis sandooba
testis vargisianobis meore auci-

testis sandooba _ testis
lebeli maCvenebelia misi sandooba.
Sedegebis mudmivoba tes-
sandooba gviCvenebs, Tu ramdenad
tis Catarebis droisa da
zusti sazomia testi da ramdenad
stabiluri Sedegebi miiReba (sxva Camtareblisagan damoukide-
faqtorebis ucvlelobis SemTxve- blad.

vaSi) testis sxvadasxva dros Cata-
rebisas. mas sxvanairad `sazomis
konsistentobas~ uwodeben.
Tu testis nawili an Tavad testi arasandoa, misi rogorc Sefasebis

Rirebuleba dabalia; mag., Tu inteleqtis testSi 170 studentma sa-
Sualod 95 qula daagrova da erTi kviris Semdeg 65, maSin mocemuli
testi sando ar yofila.
sando testis magaliTad SegviZlia aviRoT gamravlebis tabula. Tu

moswavlem keTilsindisierad Seasrula davaleba da kargi Sedegebi
miiRo, maSin mas meore dResac kargi Sedegebi unda hqondes. imisaT-
vis, rom Cven mier Sedgenili testi sando iyos, unda gaviTvaliswinoT
Semdegi faqtorebi:
57
I faqtori – gasazomi obieqtis arastabiluroba. swavlebis pro-

cesSi igulisxmeba, rom moswavleebi ukeT iswavlian masalas, daeufle-
bian romelime disciplinas. amitom sando testSi aucileblad unda
iyos gaTvaliswinebuli mosalodneli cvlilebebi.
II faqtori – SemTxveviToba. warmoidgineT testi, romelic 20 kiTx-

visagan
Sedgeba da masze SesaZlo pasuxi aris `WeSmariti~ an `mcdari~. masa-
lis arcodnis SemTxvevaSic sworad gacemuli pasuxebis albaToba aris
1:2; anu SesaZloa, adamianma sworad upasuxos davalebaTa 50 procents,
Tu is SemTxveviTi wesiT Semoxazavs pasuxebs. magram, aseve SesaZloa
bedma ar gagiRimoT da mxolod 3 SekiTxvaze gasceT swori pasuxi.
testis sandoobis gazrda SesaZlebelia SekiTxvebis raodenobis gazr-
diT. cdis pirTa did SerCevaze SemTxveviTobis gavlena mcirdeba.
III faqtori _ davalebaTa sirTule. saSualo sirTulis davale-

bebisagan Semdgari testi ufro sandoa, vidre testi, romelSic sx-
vadasxva sirTulis, araerTgvarovani davalebebia mocemuli.
IV davalebebis instruqciebi unda iyos araorazrovani, davale-

bebis pasuxebi ar unda Seicavdes miniSnebebs, rac gaaadvilebs swori
pasuxis gamocnobas.
2. 5. testuri davalebebis ganxilva da Sefaseba
sanam tests saboloo saxiT CamovayalibebdeT, sasurvelia yvela

testuri davalebis kidev erTxel gadaxedva, davalebebis sandoobasa
da validobaSi darwmuneba; gasakontrolebelia, xom ar Seicavs dava-
lebebi raime Sinaarsobriv, koreqturul anda lingvistur Secdomebs.
testSi miRebuli dabali qula ar unda iyos ganpirobebuli teqstis
gaugebrobiT da orazrovnebiT.
gansakuTrebiT mravali arCeviTi pasuxis testis SemTxvevaSi unda
davrwmundeT, rom distraqtorebi sworad aris agebuli; yvela dava-
lebaSi swori pasuxi erTi da imave asoTi ar aris aRniSnuli.
radgan rekomendebulia testze muSaobdes ara erTi maswavlebeli,
58
aramed maswavlebelTa jgufi, amitom sasurvelia, rom yvela maswavle-
testis Sedgena
beli damoukideblad afasebdes davalebebs da Semdeg xdebodes maTi
ganxilva.
testuri davalebebis Sesafaseblad SeiZleba sxvadasxva xerxis gamo-
yeneba; erT-erTi maTgania Sefasebis formis gamoyeneba (Rakow and Gee,
1987), romelic Semdegi skalisagan Sedgeba:
1. sruli Sesabamisoba
2. Sesabamisoba
T av i 2
3. nawilobrivi Sesabamisoba
4. Seusabamoba
5. sruli Seusabamoba
sqema 2.
5 4 3 2 1
1. students aqvs sakmarisi codna, rom tests upasuxos X
2. testSi gamoyenebuli terminologia Seesabameba X

Sesafasebel dones
3. winadadebebis sirTule Seesabameba Sesafasebel dones X
4. ganmartebebi da magaliTebi naTeli da gasagebia X
5. teqstis gagebisaTvis saWiro kognituri unarebi X

studentis kognituri donis adekvaturia
6. testis kavSirebi logikuria X
7. testuri davalebis Sinaarsi naTlad X

aris organizebuli
8. grafikebi, ilsustraciebi gasagebia X
9. kiTxvebi gasagebad aris dasmuli X
10. debulebebis Sinaarsi samizne auditoriisaTvis X

sainteresoa
59
maswavlebeli an maswavleblebis jgufi tests afasebs zemoT miTiTe-

buli skalis mixedviT; rac ufro met kiTxvaze viRebT maRal qu-
las, unda vivaraudoT, rom miT ufro sworad aris agebuli testuri
davalebebi; winaaRmdeg SemTxvevaSi unda moxdes testuri davalebebis
gadaxedva da xelaxla formulireba.
2. 6. testis saboloo variantis Sedgena
kargi testi mxolod testuri davalebebis SemuSavebas ar niSnavs.

mniSvnelovania testisaTvis saboloo vizualuri mxaris da struqtu-
ris micema.
testi unda Sedgebodes Semdegi nawilebisagan:

o Sesavali _ am nawilSi iwereba informacia aplikantis Sesaxeb,
rogoricaa: saxeli, gvari, specialoba, an saWiroebis SemTx-
vevaSi sxva piradi informacia.
testSi unda gamoiyos specialuri adgili am informaciis Sesa-

tanad.
o testis instruqcia testis Sevsebis procedurebTan dakavSi-
rebiT da Sefasebis kriteriumebi; yvela tipis tests unda
hqondes instruqcia, romelSic detalurad iqneba aRwerili ra
evaleba students, rogor unda gasces pasuxebi, ramdeni pasuxi
unda SearCios da rogoria qulebis miniWebis kriteriumi.
o testis ZiriTadi nawili testuri davalebebia.
testis yvela davalebas unda hqondes nomeri; testuri davale-

bebi unda iyos ranJirebuli; erTnairi tipis testuri davalebebi er-
Tad unda iyos gaerTianebuli, raTa aplikants mieces SesaZlebloba
`daxelovndes~ msgavsi tipis davalebebis SesrulebaSi. magaliTad, Tu
testi Sedgeba `WeSmaritia-mcdaria~ da `Sesabamisobis~ testuri dava-
lebebisagan, sasurvelia `WeSmaritia-mcdaria~ davalebebi da `Ses-
abamisobis~ davalebebi blokebad dajgufdes.
60
testuri davalebebi naklebad rTulidan ufro rTulisaken unda
testis Sedgena
iyos dalagebuli.
testuri davalebis piroba da pasuxebi ar unda iyos gayofili;
isini erT gverdze unda ganTavsdes.
testuri davalebebi erTmaneTisagan gamoyofili unda iyos.
daxuruli tipis testuri davalebis pasuxebi kodirebuli unda
iyos, anu yvela pasuxs unda hqondes Sesabamisi nomeri miwerili; Ria
tipis davalebebisaTvis gamoyofili unda iyos sakmarisi adgili pa-
suxis Casawerad.
T av i 2
testuri davalebebis swori pasuxebis ganawileba SemTxveviTi unda
iyos; anu swori pasuxebi erTi da imave cifrs an asos ar unda emTx-
veodes.
Tu testSi viyenebT vizualur masalas, ilustraciebs, diagramebs,
cxrilebs da a.S. is unda iyos gasagebi da advilad aRqmadi. vizua-
luri masala moTavsebuli unda iyos uSualod testuri davalebis
pirobis win.
kompiuterul versiaSi SesaZlebelia xmovani klipebis gamoyenebac.
mTlianad teqsti, iseve rogorc cxrilebi da grafikebi unda iyos
daformatebuli.
testi unda iyos dabeWdili da teqstis Srifti advilad aRqmadi;
rekomendebulia 11-12 Sriftis zomis gamoyeneba.
testis yoveli gverdi unda iyos danomrili.
SesaZlebelia, students evalebodes ara testSi pasuxebis Semoxaz-
va, aramed pasuxis furcelze pasuxis Sesabamisi nomris moniSvna; aseT
SemTxvevaSi tests unda hqondes pasuxebis furceli.
pasuxebis furceli SesaZloa Semdegnairad gamoiyurebodes (ix. sqe-
ma.3); es aris pasuxebis furceli mravali arCeviTi pasuxis testisTvis,
romlis yvela davalebas 4 pasuxi aqvs. sasurvelia, testis pasuxebi
erT gverdze iyos ganTavsebuli.
61
sqema 3. pasuxebis furceli
testuri pasuxebi
davaleba
1 a b g d
2 a b g d
3 a b g d
4 a b g d
5 a b g d
6 a b g d
7 a b g d
8 a b g d
9 a b g d
10 a b g d
sasurvelia, students swori pasuxis aRniSvna vTxovoT muqi mel-

niT, raTa arCeuli pasuxi kargad Candes.
testis saboloo variants unda hqondes testis `gasaRebi~ anu swori
pasuxebis CamonaTvali; cxadia, mas students ar vaZlevT; `gasaRebs~
maswavlebeli iyenebs qulebis dasajameblad.
mas Semdeg, rac testis saboloo saxes SevimuSavebT, testirebis
Catarebamde unda SemuSavdes garkveuli gegma _ ra raodenobis qaRaldi
dagvWirdeba, raTa TiToeul students Sexvdes testi; gasaTvaliswine-
belia isic, studenti testSi scems pasuxebs, Tu pasuxebis furcelSi
iniSnavs; ukanasknel SemTxvevaSi SesaZlebelia testis xelmeored gam-
oyenebac.
testisaTvis saboloo saxis micemisas, testis Sesafaseblad maswav-
lebelma SeiZleba gamoiyenos aseTi sqema 4 (Kubiszyn & Borich, 2003) an
Seqmnas misTvis mosaxerxebeli sxva sqema.
62
sqema 4.
testis Sedgena
# debulebebi diax ara
1. msgavsi formis debulebebi erTad aris dajgufebuli?

2. debulebebi dalagebulia martividan rTulisaken?
3. debulebebi erTmaneTisagan gamoyofilia?
4. davalebis debulebebi da pasuxebi erT gverdzea ganTavsebuli?
5. diagramebi, rukebida sxva damxmare masalebi davalebis win da
pasuxebTan erTad erT gverdzea ganTavsebuli?
T av i 2
6. davalebebis swori pasuxebi SemTxveviTad aris ganawilebuli?
7. iyenebT pasuxis furcels?
8. gaqvT blanki aplikantis saxelisa da gvarisaTvis?
9. gadaamowmeT Tu ara instruqcia, ramdenad gasagebia is?
10. gadaamowmeT Tu ara testi gramatikuli Tu stilisturi
TvalsazrisiT?
11. davalebebi ar Seicavs rasobriv da genderul miniSnebebs ?
Kubiszyn, T & Borich, G (2003).
TiToeul am punqtze sasurvelia dadebiTi pasuxi iyos mocemuli,

mxolod me- 7 punqti, romelic pasuxis furcels Seexeba, Tavad maswav-
leblis gadawyvetilebaze aris damokidebuli.
63
T av i 3 testis Catareba
testis Catarebamde maswav-

lebelma unda gaiTvaliswinos testis Sevsebis strategiebi, ro-
Semdegi garemoebebi: melic testirebamde unda gavacnoT
studentebs:
o ramdenad arian studente- o testis Sevsebamde yuradRe-
bi testirebisaTvis mzad. biT waikiTxeT testis saerTo
saukeTeso studentsac ki instruqcia da TiToeuli
SeiZleba gauWirdes testis nawilis instruqcia:
sworad Sevseba, Tu mas ara o akontroleT dro;
aqvs saTanado gamocdile- o kiTxvebze pasuxis gacemisas
ba. rekomendebulia stu- nu daicavT rigs; jer im kiTx-
dentebma icodnen testis vebs upasuxeT, romlis pasu-
efeqturad Sevsebis strat- xebSic darwmunebuli xarT:
egiebi. o gaiTvaliswineT kiTxvebis
o aqvs Tu ara yvela studentisa- qula; Seecade upasuxod ar
Tvis momzadebuli testi datovoT maRalquliani kiTx-
da pasuxebis furceli (sa- vebi;
Wiroebis SemTxvevaSi); ami- o testis Cabarebamde kidev
saTvis maswavlebelma tes- erTxel waikiTxeT pasuxebi.
tirebamde unda gadaam-
ravlos sasurveli raodenobis testi da pasuxebis furceli;
sasurvelia 1-2 zedmeti testis momarageba, gauTvaliswinebeli
SemTxvevisaTvis;
o ramdenad aqvs saklaso garemoSi sakmarisi sivrce, rom yvela stu-
denti ganaTavsos; sasurvelia, erT merxTan erTi studenti ijdes;
aseve, sasurvelia, rom testirebisas testebis 2 varianti mainc
gamoiyenos.
mas Semdeg, rac studentebi ganTavsdebian merxTan maswavlebeli maT

aZlevs testirebasTan dakavSirebul intruqcias. umjobesia, maswavle-
belma zogadi instruqcia waikiTxos yvelasaTvis, xolo davalebebTan
dakavSirebuli konkretuli instruqciebi Tan axldes davalebebs.
64
instruqciaSi miTiTebuli unda iyos testirebisaTvis gamoyofili
testis Catareba
dro da testis Sevsebis procedurebi; instruqciaSi xazgasmuli unda
iyos, rom yvela students eZleva testis Sesavsebad erTnairi dro.
testebis darigebisas maswavlebelma unda gaiTvaliswinos, rom im
students, romelic ufro adre iRebs tests meti dros aqvs samuSaod,
vidre bolo studentebs; amitom, instruqciaSi miTiTebuli unda iyos,
rom maswavlebeli arigebs testebs gadmobrunebuli saxiT da sanam
yvela studenti ar miiRebs tests da maswavlebeli ar miscems testze
muSaobis uflebas, studentebi ar iwyeben testebis Sevsebas.
T av i 3
upirveles yovlisa studentebs unda vTxovoT, pasuxebis gacemamde
gadaxedon tests, xom ar aris raime beWdviTi wuni, an aris Tu ara
testSi yvela gverdi.
sasurvelia, instruqciaSi miTiTebuli iyos, rom pasuxebis gadaweris
an studentebis urTierTdaxmarebis SemTxvevaSi studentebs daekisre-
baT saswavlebelSi miRebuli sanqciebi: magaliTad, klasis datoveba,
naweris argasworeba da a.S. am SemTxvevaSi maswavlebeli darwmunebuli
unda iyos, rom studentebma marTlac gadaiweres pasuxebi da is ar
cdeba.
studentebs mxolod saWiro nivTebis dalagebis ufleba unda mi-
vceT merxze.
maswavleblis movaleobaa testirebisas Seqmnas dadebiTi atmosfero;
studentebi ar unda grZnobdnen SiSs, stress; klasSi ar unda iyos
xmauri; wesebi unda gavrceldes yvela studentze erTnairad, raTa
moswavleebs hqondeT obieqturobisa da samarTlianobis gancda.
testis dasrulebamde 15, 10 da 5 wT-iT adre maswavlebelma unda
gaafrTxilos studentebi drois amowurvis Sesaxeb. drois amowur-
vis Semdeg yvela studenti wyvets testze muSaobas da maswavlebeli
agrovebs testebs.
65
T av i 4 testuri monacemebis
interpretacia
testis monacemebis interpretacia Sefasebis erT-erTi mniSvnelovani

etapia; tests swored imisaTvis viyenebT, rom SevZloT miRebuli Sede-
gebis safuZvelze studentebis Sefaseba.
Sefasebis obieqturobis mizniT rekomendebulia maswavlebelma ga
moiyenos Sefasebis e.w `brma~ meTodi; anu TiToeul nawers mianiWos
garkveuli kodi (cifri, ricxvi), moacilos tests studentis saxeli-
gvari da namuSevris gasworebis Semdeg kvlav moaxdinos kodis mixed-
viT namuSevrebis identificireba.
testirebis Catarebis Semdeg mniSvnelovania testis Sedegebis gac-
noba studentebisaTvis.
testis monacemebis analizisaTvis mizanSewonilia cxrilis Sedgena,
sadac SesaZlebeli iqneba TiToeuli moswavlisaTvisswori da aras-
wori pasuxebis aRniSvna.
magaliTad, sqemaze 5. mocemulia 10 studentis Sefaseba 20 kiTxvian
testze. cxrilis boloSi mocemulia studentebis saerTo Sefaseba,
romlis mixedviT vaskvniT, rom yvelaze dabali qula (10 qula) pirvel,
xolo yvelaze maRali qula (18 qula) meoTxe students aqvs.
studentebs vacnobT saboloo qulebs, magram Tu maT ainteresebT
sqema 5. qulebis matrica
studentis 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11
#
1 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 1
2 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0
3 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 0 1
4 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 1
5 1 0 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 0
6 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 1
7 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 0
8 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 0 1
9 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 1
10 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 1
N 7 7 7 7 8 8 5 8 8 7 7
% 70% 70% 70% 70% 80% 80% 50% 80% 80% 70% 70%
66
testuri monacemebis interpretacia
12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 swori
pasuxebi
1 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 10
0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 16
1 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 14
1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 18
0 1 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 12
0 1 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 14
1 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 14
1 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 14
1 1 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 16
1 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 14
7 7 8 8 5 8 8 6 6 142
70% 70% 80% 80% 50% 80% 80% 60% 60% 71%
romel davalebebze aqvT swori da mcdari pasuxebi, maT SeuZliaT

gaecnon konkretul davalebaze miRebul qulasac.
mocemuli cxrili SesaZleblobas iZleva ganvsazRvroT Tu konkre-
T av i 4
tuli davaleba moswavleTa ra procentma Seasrula sworad. cxrilis bo-
loSi mocemuli monacemebi sainteresoa maswavleblisTvis, skolisaTvis;
davalebebi, romelzedac maRali qulaa (Sesabamisad procentuli maCvene-
beli), gamoxatavs masalis ukeT aTvisebas, vidre dabali qulebi.
Tu konkretul davalebas sworad asrulebs moswavleTa 75%, ma-
Sin SegviZlia CavTvaloT, rom masala aTvisebulia. xolo Tu konkre-
tul davalebas moswavleTa umravlesoba arasworad asrulebs, maSin
aucilebelia klasTan erTad tipuri Secdomebis gaanalizeba. am Sem-
TxvevaSi 75%-ani zRvari gadalaxa Semdegma davalebebma: 5, 6, 89, 14,
15, 17 da 18. testuri davalebebi ar unda iyos sasurvel doneze Za-
lian martivi an Zalian rTuli; Tu yvela studenti 100%-iT asrulebs
tests, aseTi testi ar mogvcems studentebs Soris diferenciaciis
SesaZleblobas; meore mxriv, Tu verc erTi studenti ver asrulebs
tests, es imas niSnavs, rom studentebs es codna da unarebi aTvise-
buli ara aqvT; Tu Sedgenil tests asrulebs moswavleTa 70%-ze nak-
lebi, aseT SemTxvevaSi testi Tavidanaa gadasaxedi.
aseve maswavlebels ainteresebs Semdegi sakiTxebi:
67
ramden students aqvs saSualoze maRali qula, ra aris saSualo

Sesruleba, ra aris yvelaze maRali, yvelaze dabali da yvelaze xSi-
rad Semxvedri qula, yvela studenti warmatebiT asrulebs Tu ara
tests.
zemoT miTiTebuli qulebis damuSavebis gareSe, am sakiTxebze pa-
suxis gacema rTulia.
ganvixiloT sqema 6, sadac mocemulia imave 10 studentis qulebi;
Tu Cven qulebs davalagebT zrdis mixedviT, maSin advilad misax-
vedria ra aris yvelaze dabali da maRali qula; Cvens SemTxvevaSi
yvelaze dabali qulaa 10, xolo yvelaze maRali _ 18.
magram yvela, zemoT miTiTebul, kiTxvaze rom gavceT pasuxi, kargi
iqneba, Tu maswavlebels eqneba informacia centralur tendenciasa
da cvalebadobaze.
centraluri tendenciis sazomebia moda, mediana da SerCevis sa-

Sualo. centraluri tendenciis
sazomebis safuZvelze ufro ad- centraluri tendencia – qulebi,
vilia monacemebis interpreta- romelic yvelaze xSirad gvxvde-
cia. Cven centraluri tenden- ba da romelic uaxlovdeba tipur
ciis sazomebiT SeiZleba vnaxoT Sesrulebas.
ramdenad gansxvavebulia (meti an
centraluri tendenciis sazome-
naklebi) studentebis individu-
bia moda, mediana da SerCevis
aluri Sesruleba jgufis Ses-
saSualo.
rulebisagan.
moda – aris qula, romelic qulaTa ganawilebaSi yvelaze xSirad

gvxvdeba; magaliTad, sqemaze 6, moda aris qula 14, radgan es qula
yvelaze xSirad, kerZod xuTjer, gvxvdeba.
moda mniSvnelovania ara marto testisaTvis, aramed magaliTad, fex-
sacmlis fabrikisTvisac, raTa maT hqondeT informacia fexis yvela-
ze gavrcelebuli zomis Sesaxeb.
mediana – qula ganawilebaSi, romlis zemoT da qvemoT ganlagebulia

qulaTa toli raodenoba. mediana aris SuaSi mdgomi qula; magaliTad,
Tu sqema 6-Si, qulebs davalagebT zrdis mixedviT, da movnaxavT SuaSi
mdgom qulas, es iqneba mediana; am SemTxvevSi mediana aris qula 14.
68
SerCevis saSualo 1 – miRebul qulaTa jami gayofili qulaTa saer-

To raodenobaze. Cvens SemTxvevaSi saSualo aris 14. saSualo ariTme-
tikuli yvelaze kargad ajamebs monacemebs.
centraluri tendenciis sazomi mniSvnelovania ara rogorc, mxo-
lod, garkveuli sidide, aramed is gviCvenebs Sedegebis meryeobis ten-
denciasac.
sqema 6.
studentis testirebisas qulebi dalagebu- raodenoba/
# miRebuli qulebi li zrdis mixedviT sixSire
1 10 10 1
2 16 12 1
3 14 14 5
4 18 16 2
5 12 18 1
6 14
7 14
8 14
9 16
10 14
jami 142 142 10
T av i 4
moda = 14
mediana =14
saSualo ariTmetikuli = 14
mniSvnelovania ara mxolod centraluri tendenciis sazomis codna,

aramed cvalebadobisac, romelic gviCvenebs, Tu ramdenad gansxvavde-
ba qulebi erTmaneTisagan da centraluri tendenciis sazomebisagan.
monacemTa erT-erTi mniSvnelovani cvalebadobis sazomia standar-

tuli gadaxra2. rac naklebia standartuli gadaxris mniSvneloba, miT
naklebad gansxvavdeba qulebi erTmaneTisagan da saSualosagan.
sqema 6-is mixedviT standartuli gadaxra aris 2.20, rac dabal
cvalebadobas gviCvenebs; anu ara gvaqvs Zalian maRali da Zalian
dabali qulebi, romlebic mkveTrad gansxvavdeba saSualosagan.
1 X
M= N sadac, X aris calkeuli qula N – qulaTa saerTo raodenoba ∑ – jami
∑ (X-M)2
2
SD = , sadac, SD aris standartuli gadaxra, X – calkeuli qulebi,
N
M – saSualo ariTmetiuli, N – qulaTa saerTo raodenoba, ∑ – jami
69
centraluri tendenciis sazomebi da cvalebadobis sazomi sWirdeba

maswavlebels studentTa Sesrulebis Sesajameblad. studentebisaTvis
konkretul testze dagrovili Sedegebis gasacnobad centraluri ten-
denciis da standartuli gadaxris gamoTvla ar aris saWiro.
Cvens magaliTze, monacemebs aseTi interpretacia SeiZleba gavuke-
ToT:
testSi miRebuli yvelaze dabali qulaa 10, xolo yvelaze maRali
18; orive qula TiTo studentma miiRo; verc erTma studentma ver
miiRo maqsimaluri qula _ 20; studentebis qulebis saSualo aris 14
qula; saSualoze dabali qula miiRo 2-ma studentma, xolo maRali _
aseve orma; testis 20 davalebidan moswavleebma dasZlies 8 davaleba
(is davalebebi, romelzedac studetebis 75%-ma sworad upasuxa).
gasaTvaliswinebelia, rom Tu studenti testSi iWreba, es SesaZlebe-
lia Semdegi mizezebiT iyos ganpirobebuli: an studenti ar moemzada
saTanadod, an misTvis maswavleblis mier axsnili masala gaurkveve-
lia, an testi ar Seesabameba codnis dones; yvela SemTxvevaSi maswav-
lebelma Sesabamisi zomebi unda miiRos problemis gadasaWrelad.
eses Sefaseba
erT-erTi mniSvnelovani sakiTxi aris eses Sefaseba, rac ufro Zne-

lia, vidre daxuruli davalebebis Sefaseba; erTsa da imave sakiTxze
daaxloebiT erTi da imave moculobis pasuxSi SeiZleba davweroT
maRali an dabali qula; amitom, saWiroa rac SeiZleba kargad movaxdi-
noT davalebis formulireba, rom Tavidan aviciloT sakiTxis gagebas-
Tan dakavSirebuli problemebi da aseve SevimuSaoT eses adekvaturi
Sefasebis kriteriumebi.
eses Sefaseba damokidebulia imaze, Tu ra tipis unarebs da ra
tipis eses vafasebT; Sefaseba SeiZleba icvlebodes martivi procedu-
ridan ufro rTul proceduramde; Tu eses SezRuduli pasuxebi aqvs,
SeiZleba martivi formis Sefasebis skalis gamoyeneba;
magaliTad, rogorc es me-3 TavSia miTiTebuli;
_ Tu pasuxi srulyofilia, aplikanti miiRebs 2 qulas;
_ Tu pasuxi arasworia, magram swori msjelobaa mocemuli
(Ria tipis davalebebis SemTxvevaSi) - 1 qulas;
_ araswori pasuxi araswori msjelobiT Sefasdeba 0 quliT.
70
am SemTxvevaSi winaswar isazRvreba kriteriumebi, romelsac unda

akmayofilebdes msjeloba.
saerTod, eses Sefasebisas maswavlebeli unda Seecados, Tavad ki ar
Camoayalibos swori pasuxi, argumenti an midgoma, aramed students
misces sakmarisi informacia imisaTvis, rom man Tavad Camoayalibos
pasuxi.
gavrcobili pasuxis esesaTvis, romelic miznad isaxavs maRali do-
nis kognituri unarebis Sefasebas,SeiZleba Sefasebis ufro rTuli
sqemis gamoyeneba.
ganvixiloT gavrcobili pasuxis eses Sefasebis erT-erTi sqema (Tuck-
man, 1975); ese fasdeba3 ZiriTadi komponentis mixedviT: Sinaarsi,
organizeba da procesi; es eses Sefasebis erT-erTi farTod gamoy-
enebadi meTodebia.
ganvixiloT Sefasebis TiToeuli komponenti:
Sinaarsi _ asaxavs, Tu ramdenad sakmarisi codna, informacia aqvs

students saWiro operaciebis gansaxorcieleblad; am komponentis Se-
fasebisas Zalian mniSvnelovania SevafasoT, ramdenad relevanturia
warmodgenili masala dasmuli sakiTxis mimarT.
T av i 4
magaliTad, davuSvaT students moeTxoveba 3 wyaroze dayrdnobiT
raime sakiTxis ganxilva; unda mivuTiToT kriteriumSi rogor Sefas-
deba namuSevari- TiToeul swor wyaroze, davuSvaT, 1 qulis miniWeba,
qula ar daakldeba gramatikul Secdomebze, samze meti wyaros dasax-
elebaze qula ar moemateba da a.S.
Tu gvainteresebs, magaliTad, ramdenad aTvisebuli aqvs students

axali terminologia, maSin Sefasebis kriteriumSi unda aisaxos ramde-
nad flobs studenti bazisur koncefciebs, iyenebs maT da gamoyofs
mniSvnelovan principebs.
qvemoT moyvanilia am komponentebis Sefaseba 3 punqtian skalaze,
sadac 0 qula niSnavs yvelaze dabal (e.i. studenti saerTod ver
flobs bazisur koncefciebs da saerTod ver iyenebs terminologias),
da 2 qula yvelaze maRal (e.i. studenti srulad flobs bazisur kon-
cefciebs da srulad iyenebs terminologias) Sefasebas.
71
komponentebi 1 2
1 bazisuri koncefciebis floba X
2 terminologiis sworad gamoyeneba X
3 mniSvnelovani principebis gamoyofa X
sul 5 qula
yvela komponentze dagrovili minimaluri qulaa 0, xolo maqsimal-

uri - 6; Cvens SemTxvevaSi Sefasebis qula aris 5, rac sakmaod maRali
Sefasebaa.
organizeba _ niSnavs aqvs Tu ara eses struqtura, e.i. Sesavali,

ZiriTadi nawili da daskvnebi. es Zalian zogadi struqturaa, Tumca,
maswavlebelma SeiZleba Semoitanos damatebiTi kriteriumic, magali-
Tad: axlavs Tu ara eses daskvnebi, rekomendaciebi, gamoyenebuli wya-
roebi.
magaliTad, organizebis komponentis Sesafaseblad SeiZleba gamovi-
yenoT Semdegi sqema; eses struqturis 3 komponents - Sesavals, ZiriTa-
di nawils da daskvnas- vafasebT Semdegi sqemis mixedviT:
0- saerTod ar aris;
1- nawilobriv aris gamokveTili;
1- srulad aris gamokveTili da Camoyalibebuli.
komponentebi 0 1 2
1 Sesavali X
2 ZiriTadi nawili X
3 daskvnebi X
sul 6 qula
minimaluri qulaz 0, xolo maqsimaluri - 6.

Cvens SemTxvevaSi eses organizebis komponents miniWebuli aqvs 6
qula, rac maqsimaluri Sefasebaa.
72
procesi - es Zalian mniSvnelovani kriteriumia da gviCvenebs, Tu

ramdenad avlens adamiani im unars, ris gazomvac gvinda. magaliTad,
problemis gadaWra, argumentis Camoyalibeba da a.S. SesaZlebelia mas-
wavlebelma eses specifikidan gamomdinare Seafasos sxva unarebic.
procesis komponentis Sesafaseblad SegviZlia gamoviyenoT igive
3 safexuriani Sefaseba, sadac 0 gamoxatavs yvelaze dabal Sefasebas
(e.i.sruli Seusabamoba, alogikoba da a.S.) da 2 yvelaze maRal Sefase-
bas (e.i. sruli Sesabamisoba, logikuroba da a.S).
komponentebi 0 1 2
1 problemis gadaWra
Sesabamisoba X
logikuroba (Sinagani konsistentoba) X
originaloba X
2 argumentis Camoyalibeba
T av i 4
sizuste X
logikuroba (Sinagani konsistentoba) X
originaloba X
sul 9 qula
am SemTxvevaSi minimaluri qula SesaZlebelia iyos 0 da maqsimaluri

- 12.
am SemTxvevaSi eses procesis komponents maqsimaluri 12 qulidan
miniWebuli aqvs 9 qula.
eses Sefaseba mxolod qulis daweriT ar Semoifargleba; rekomende-

bulia eses axldes komentarebi, romelSic asaxuli iqneba studentis
73
namuSevris Zlieri da susti mxareebi. komentaris meSveobiT studentma
unda miiRos eseze ukukavSiri, romelic SesaZlebelia gaTvaliswinebu-
li iyos samomavlod; komentari unda asaxavdes gansxvavebas studentis
amJamindel Sesrulebasa da sasurvel Sesrulebas Soris; komentarebma
xeli unda Seuwyos swavlas da studentis samomavlo miRwevebs.
maswavlebeli unda Seecados, studentis individualuri naSromi-
dan gamomdinare, garkveulwilad daabalansos komentari, magaliTad,
gamoyos 1-2 dadebiTi da uaryofiTi komentari.
74
terminTa ganmarteba
afeqti _ emocia.
afeqturi taqsonomia _ taqsonomia, romelic aRwers emociebs, grZno-

bebsa da Rirebulebebs.
gavrcobili pasuxis eses _ ese, romelic vrcel pasuxs moiTxovs.
distraqtori _ mravali arCeviTi pasuxis testis araswori pasux(eb)i.
ese – Ria tipis davaleba, romelic vrcel pasuxs moiTxovs.
klasifikacia – msgavsi Tvisebis mqone sagnebis, movlenebis dajgufeba.
kognicia _ Semecneba, informaciis gadamuSavebis operaciaTa nairsaxeoba.
konstruqtiuli validoba _ testis Sedegebis Sesatyvisoba im Teori-

asTan, romlis safuZvelzecaa Sedgenili testi.
kriteriuli validoba _ testis Sesatyvisoba sxva saxis informaci-

asTan da winaswarmetyvelebis sizuste.
kriteriumze orientirebuli testi-testi, romliTac vafasebT ram-

denad kargad asrulebs studenti garkveul saqmianobas da
vadgenT, ra codnas flobs kriteriumTan Sedarebis gziT.
kurikulumi _ saswavlo gegma.
mediana _ qula, romlis zemoT da qvemoT ganlagebulia qulaTa toli

raodenoba.
mimdinare testireba – testireba, romelic saswavlo procesis mim-

dinareobis Sesafaseblad gamoiyeneba.
misaRebi testireba _ testireba, romelic gamoiyeneba studentebis

saswavlebelSi Caricxvis dros.
75
moda _ qula, romelic qulaTa ganawilebaSi yvelaze xSirad gvxvdeba.
normaze orientirebuli testi _ testi, romlis safuZvelze SesaZle-

belia konkretuli studentis monacemebis Sedareba normas-
Tan.
pedagogis mier Sedgenili testi _ davalebaTa erToblioba, romlis
meSveobiTac mowmdeba studentis codnis done, mis mier pro-
fesiuli unarebis floba.
reprezentaciuli SerCeva _ Sesafasebeli jgufis mini-modeli misTvis

damaxasiaTebeli yvela parametris mixedviT, mag., rogoricaa
asaki, sqesi, profesia da a.S.
sakvalifikacio testireba _ testireba, romelic tardeba swavlis

garkveuli etapis dasrulebis Semdeg.
saswavlo mizani _ swavlebis procesis aucilebeli komponenti, ro-

melic gansazRvravs Tu ra unda viswavloT da Semdeg, ra
unda SevafasoT.
situaciuri davalebebi _ davalebis tipi, romelSic aRwerilia garkveu-

li situacia da am situaciaze pasuxis mixedviT mowmdeba stu-
dentis codna praqtikul an eqsperimentul garemoSi.
standartuli gadaxra- gviCvenebs, ramdenad gansxvavdeba qulebi erT-

maneTisgan da saSualosgan.
standartizebuli testi _ profesionalebis mier Sedgenili testi,

romelic eyrdnoba normas anu garkveuli jgufisaTvis sa-
Sualo maCvenebels.
stimuli _ nebismieri garemo faqtori, romlis danaxva, mosmena an

Sexeba aris SesaZlebeli.
swavla _ axali informaciis, codnis, Cvevebis, damokidebulebebisa da

ganwyobebis SeZena.
76
swavlis Sedegi _ ganacxadi imis Sesaxeb Tu ra icis da ris keTeba
SeuZlia students swavlis dasrulebis Semdeg.
taqsonomia _ klasifikacia, romelic obieqts Tu movlenas aRwers

martivi kategoriidan rTulisaken.
testi _ davalebaTa erToblioba, romelic moswavlis codnisa da unar-

Cvevebis Sesafaseblad iqmneba.
testireba _ cdas, gamocdas niSnavs; esaa Sefasebis procesi testis

safuZvelze.
testis gasaRebi _ testuri davalebebis swori pasux(eb)i, romelsac

qula eniWeba.
testis sandooba _ anu testis rezultatis mudmivoba, romelic

gviCvenebs, Tu ramdenad miiReba erTi da igive Sedegi testis
erTi da imave SerCevaze drois mokle SualedSi Catarebisas
da/an sxvadasxva mkvlevris mier Catarebisas.
testis validoba – gviCvenebs, Tu ramdenad zomavs testi im movle-

nas, ris gasazomadac viyenebT mas.
testuri davaleba _ davaleba, testis Semadgeneli komponenti.
testuri davalebaRia daboloebiT – Ria tipis testuri davaleba,

romlis pasuxic TviTon moswavlem unda Seavsos, daasrulos.
testuri davaleba mravali arCeviTi pasuxiT _ davaleba, romelic

Seicavs SekiTxvas an mtkicebulebas da pasuxebs, romelTagan
aplikanti irCevs swor pasuxs.
testuri davaleba swori Tanmimdevrobis damyarebaze _ testuri

davalebis tipi, romelic mimarTulia movlenebis, procesebis
Tanmimdevrobis codnaze.
77
unar-Cveva _ unarebi, romelic ZiriTadad naswavlia da wvrTnis Sede-
gad aris ganviTarebuli.
fsiqomotoruli sferos taqsonomia – taqsonomia, romelic moicavs

unar-Cvevebs.
Ria SekiTxva _ SekiTxvis tipi, romlis pasuxebi winaswar gansazRvru-

li ar aris da is Tavad aplikantma unda Seadginos.
SezRuduli pasuxis ese _ ese, romelic mcirezomis pasuxs moiTxovs.
SerCevis saSualo – miRebul qulaTa jami gayofili qulaTa saerTo

raodenobaze.
Sefaseba _ dakvirveba studentis miRwevaze da daskvnis gakeTebas misi

Teoriuli da praqtikuli momzadebis Sesaxeb.
Sefasebis kriteriumi _ principi,romlis mixedviT xdeba raimes Se-

faseba.
Sesabamisobis testuri davaleba – davalebis tipi, sadac studentma

unda daamyaros Sesabamisoba or elements Soris: testSi mo-
cemul pirobasa da savaraudo pasuxebs Soris.
centraluri tendencia _ qulebi, romelic yvelaze xSirad gvxvdeba

da romelic uaxlovdeba tipur Sesrulebas.
centraluri tendenciis sazomebi _ moda, mediana da SerCevis

saSualo.
`WeSmaritia-mcdaria~ tipis testuri davaleba _ daxuruli tipis

davalebis erT-erTi forma, romelsac ori SesaZlo pasuxi
aqvs `WeSmariti~ da `mcdari~.
homogenuri (anu erTgvarovani) pedagogiuri testi _ testi, romelic

mxolod erTi sagnis davalebebisagan Sedgeba.
heterogenuli (anu araerTgvarovani) pedagogiuri testi _ testi,

romelic ramdenime sagnis davalebebisagan Sesdgeba.
78
gamoyenebuli literatura
1. ganmartebiTi leqsikoni ganaTlebis specialistebisaTvis. erovnu-

li saswavlo gegmebisa da Sefasebis centri. Tbilisi 2007 weli.
2. rogor movemzadoT pedagogTa saserTifikacio gamocdebisaT-
vis: profesiuli unarebi. gamocdebis erovnuli centri. Tbilisi
2008.
3. Кондаков И.М., Романюк Э.И., Сорокина О.Л., Шишлянникова Л.М.
Разработка тестовых заданий для анализа знаний студентов.
4. Челышкова М.Б. Теория и практика конструирования педагогических
тестов: Учебное пособие. М.: Логос, 2002.
5. Аванесов В.С. Основы педагогической теории измерений // Педагогические
измерения, 2004, №1.
6. Аванесов В.С. Педагогическое измерение латентных качеств // Педагогическая
диагностика, 2003 , №4.
7. Анастази А. Психологическое тестирование. В 2-х. кн. М.: Педагогика,
1982
8. Бурлачук Л.Ф., Морозов С.М. Словарь-справочник по психологической
диагностике. Киев: Наукова думка, 1989
9. Ги Лефрансуа.(2003). Психологиядля Учителя.Москва, Олма-Пресс.
10. Amastasi, A., & Urbina, S. (1997). Psychological Testing (7th ed). Upper Sad-
dleRiver, NJ: Prentice-Hall.
11. Angelo, Th., & Cross, K. P. (1993). Classroom Assessment Techniques. San-
Francisco: Jossey-Bass Publishers.
12. Assessmentin Secondary Vocational Education and Training (2005),Minis-
try of Education and Sports Republic of Serbia, Vocational Education and
Training Reform Programme,Belgrade.
13. Butler. S.M, & McMunn. N.D. (2006).A teacher’s Guide to Classroom Assess-
ment. Jossey-BassA Wiley Imprint.
14. Frankland. S. (2007).Enhancing Teaching and Learning through Assessment; De-
riving an Approriate Model.Springer.
15. Ginnis, P.( 2002). The Teacher’s Toolkit: Raise Classroom Achievement with Strat-
egies for Every Learner. Cambridge University Press.
16. Kubiszyn, T., & Borich, G. (2003). Educatioal Testing and Measurment: Class-
room Application and Practice. JOHN WILEY & SONS, INC.
17. Linn. R.L. (1983). Testing and Instruction: Links and Distinction. Journal of
79
Educational Measurement. 20(2).
18. Loewenthal, K. (2001). An Introduction to Psychological Tests and Scales
(2nd erition). Psychology Press.
19. Stiggins, R.L. (1985). Amproving Assessment where it Means the most: In
the Classroom. Educatonal Leadership, 43 (2).
20. Thompson, J.G (2007). The firs-Year Teacher’s Survival Guide- Ready-to-Use
Strategies, Tools & Activities for Mesuring the Challenges of Each School Day
(second edition). John Wiley & Sons.
21. Wiggins, G. (1998). Educative Assessment: A Practica Guide for Desiing Assess-
ment Instrument. San Francisco. Jossey-Bass.
veb-gverdebi
22. Bloom’s Taxonomy

http://www.skagitwatershed.org/~donclark/hrd/bloom.html
http://www.officeport.com/edu/blooms.htm
http://www.learningandteaching.info/learning/bloomtax.htm
23. Bloom’s taxonomy –learning domains
http://www.businessballs.com/bloomstaxonomyoflearningdomains.htm
24. Suggested Test Writing Guidelines: A Check List
http://www.envirothon.org/education/testwritingguidelines.pdf
25. Testing
http://www.au.af.mil/au/afiadl/curriculum/guide/unit5.htm
26. Donelan, S. Writing Good Test Questions
http://www.wemjournal.org/wmsonline/?request=get-document&issn=1080-6032&
volume=013&issue=01&page=0066
27. How to Write Tests
http://www.uleth.ca/edu/runte/tests/
80
SeniSvnebisaTvis (1)
.......................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................
81
(2)
.......................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................
82
(3)
.......................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................
83
(4)
.......................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................
84

Rogor Shevadginot Pedagogiuri Testebi 20052011

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

You might also like

Rogor Shevadginot Pedagogiuri Testebi 20052011

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Rogor Shevadginot Pedagogiuri Testebi 20052011

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

n o T

wignze muSaobdnen: simon janaSia

mxatvari-dizaineri buba oCiauri

damkabadonebeli qeTevan gogava

teqnikuri redaqtori nino TevdoraZe

erovnuli saswavlo gegmebisa

terminTa ganmarteba .................................................................................. 75

gamoyenebuli literatura ...................................................................... 79

saxelmZRvanelo SemuSavebulia avtorTa jgufis mier

saxelmZRvanelos mizania saxelobo ganaTlebis maswavleblebs daex-

Sefaseba swavlebis procesis mniSvnelovani nawilia.

pedagogiuri testireba (diagnostika) imdenive wels iTvlis,

1. 1. ra mizans emsaxureba testi?

testi gamoiyeneba pirovnuli Taviseburebebis, inteleqtualuri

standartizebuli testebi profesionalebis Sedgenilia. mis Sedge-

ekonomikuri da a.S faqtorebi. ma-

studentebis daaxloebiT 80% testSi mocemul davalebebs sworad

pedagogis mier Sedgenili testebi

pedagogebis mier Sedgenili testi aris davalebaTa erToblio-

pedagogis mier Sedgenili testi (SemdgomSi amgvar testebs pedagogi-

1. homogenuri (anu erTgvarovani) da heterogenuli

homogenuri (anu erTgvarovani) pedagogiuri testi mxolod erTi

heterogenuli (anu araerTgva-

denime sagnis davalebebs moicavs. gramis Semadgeneli nawili, ro-

amitom, mis SigniT SesaZloa Se- melic Sedgeba monaTesave Temebis

diodes ramdenime homogenuri an sagnebisagan.

mimdinare testireba gamoiyeneba saswavlo procesis mimdinareo-

Semajamebeli testi gamoiyeneba SedarebiT didi moculobis masa-

misaRebi testireba _ gamoiyeneba studentebis saswavlebelSi Caricx-

sakvalifikacio testireba tardeba swavlis garkveuli etapis das-

1. 2. pedagogiuri testirebis funqciebi

pedagogiuri testireba pedagogiuri kontrolis saSualebas warmoad-

diagnostikuri funqcia Tavad kontrolis arsidan gamomdinare-

swavlebis funqcia. testireba maswavlebels SesaZleblobas aZlevs

maorganizebeli funqcia. es funqcia vlindeba testirebis gavle-

aRmzrdelobiTi funqcia. kargad organizebul pedagogiur kont-

testirebis Zlieri da susti mxareebi

testirebas, rogorc Sefasebis meTods, Tavisi Zlieri da susti mxa-

testirebis Zlieri mxareebi

testireba Sefasebis xarisxiani da obieqturi meTodia; obieq-

testirebis susti mxareebi

kargi testis SemuSaveba xangZlivi da Sromatevadi procesia;

testis Sedgena procesia, romelsac kargad dagegmva, sistematuri

testis SemuSaveba moicavs Semdeg ZiriTad safexurebs:

1. saswavlo miznebis formulireba;

2. 1. saswavlo miznebis formulireba

testis Sedgenamde formulirebuli unda iyos sagnis saswavlo miz-

saswavlo miznebis taqsonomia

testis Seqmnisas pedagogma aucileblad unda gaiTvaliswinos sas-

saswavlo miznebi kognitur (SemecnebiT) sferoSi

ZiriTadad saswavlo miznebis formulirebaSi eyrdnobian benJamen

es taqsonomia saswavlo miznebis ierarqias kognitur (SemecnebiT)

cxrili 1. blumis kognituri (SemecnebiTi) miznebis taqsonomia

safexuri donis aRwera

am doneze students moeTxoveba: masalis gageba, in-

am doneze students moeTxoveba: problemis gadaWra,

4. analizi am doneze students moeTxoveba: masalis gaanalize-

am doneze students moeTxoveba: meTodis, konkre-