Konitet Redakcyjny Sonar Dapeoxows |ANonz Géasat Kavazce Geaowsst onsen Grassaczne ‘Avrora Kauss Cumaw Kousza obax PaszxOWKt Jay Saou Stunna Stave rovosniasy ana Sess ‘asorzt Witzcxt Snomuse Zacarenset 2ascarw Z2koWS, 04 Komitetu Redakeyjnego udsjeny do rak Catelsikw serie dani Eltron Teformatya- ‘TeleLomuaitaja” jako mstaw podrgeaiw akademictch Dracanacroneh dla student tech Hernkw stdidw —cektoniki inforaayXt | tlekomsibagh tr wybeych ueealch technicayeh, ‘Usazuc sg w te} erik pode 4 agodse ze rlormownym Dpropramani ‘yeh Keroskw studi, Sera Elktronistafonsyia- ‘elokomuallasa” jet reslizowana pry wopolpacy Wydanebw = Zero Dydaktgeano-Wyebowaverymi ‘Minsterstea Nauki, Sekolicwa Wykiepo | Teknik oar Srdowiskami konpa ueadalprowadzaqeh te Brunk studi, Sein tn jut Kotymon§romzezeiom pedo wydavsayeh sei Matematyka Wojciech Zakowski czesel Widanie diewigte zmieaione@eormmor st mOswncrvn nutoweTESONCEN Fm i PIS TRESCI PRZEDHOWA DO WYDANIA PIERWSZEG0, DRUGIEGO Vczwaareco om 7 PRZEDMOWA DO WYDANIA BZIEWIATEGO om 9 SS 1 wisponosc: wstePne room tt It Woeesaeas do mamma 12 hae marl w tach epee 13 Dataaae 13 Proaty kate | rena 1h hte yen i] Poche Been eee RACHUNEK ROZNICZKOWY FUNKCII JEDNE) ZMIENNE| ore 61pis totes ‘ as a “Trae de Tyo rat yarn ys) eaten ‘aro jee | art sajon atm pes ‘yn t wie wien fh Pat pale Asem ee ast ‘Weber a RACHUNEK CALKOWY FUNKC}I JEDNE) ZMIENNE) 17 a Increase cl amon ‘Mund cd emcrenteT “wiser pssivove etanks callous is inns (Gone pe cs owas pes peeanignts Gitome fens emg) ‘sian as Raa ‘Zac pote el cman rabies may cazonanaa (itn Stone UTERATURA, on 51 SKOROWIDZ AZECZOWY on st PRZEDMOWA DO WYDANIA PIERWSZEGO, DRUGIEGO | CZWARTEGO. Kita t stanow perma cé pore matematy la sade vai lebron. Zaviea ona algo wisdom x makes Jogi lemeaty nau zhorach i Tunkiach oraz zat rackunls Sicko ‘ealtowego fk jen} anionn. Zarsnao pod wzuliem well jk § po wralder formy podegcaik en cdbiga sles of dotehcasovego wpkda matenntyh nx poltachaitach, \W szeepnostrwrécoo wiging nit zarvyeza)avage ba Wademotel x podsaw maten=iji. Wiadomoi! te bowiem, x wz ne ih ogGhy starater, motan wykorzsat aie tylko w matemstyee, lee ake w wil Inngch didsnsch suki Zaposmans si 7 semestn lop wyetemtyae {Cueva stosomang w prakye lope intucing ns tee ee jet ‘parte wniskowante (io zseey wypromdanie wos 2 pessane) arakteysteme dia walsh sath dadakeyinyeh. SymbolknJogicna ‘tin ponato deisowanienowsch poe | zapiswanie teach, 132 yk poocey ai zarae nase ip do dostteceiepreyyinego, 8 Jednorsnie zis, wyrazania my Poniewadpodreznik en ma shiyé kvtaiy ppatyeh maser inte, polodono day mack ma interpret pometyeae i fiyeze Umprowadzonjeh oj Inept ake law towiem prynvaanie ‘obie noe windomoii wlan race tye, dla idyeh mstematya Js Sedo, «nie cele. Osttecanyn iadctmem te, «zy pezabiany Imaal etl nati zozaminy i ey student po korea mabye) widzy w pra, jt alewatliie Berl w rorniqzyanin ada, tego wales podria ale nie tho tere loss tk?e wide ‘oxwiganych w (kil ppnow, Po kabdym parr wmiezron0 ‘ponadto tematy éwicne, a mianowicle pytanin Kontrol 1 teothPravinone do wpdote pease, drip eevargs oy Widaje sig eda temu podrcalk ten okate sg pomoeny €o agiein dvd zasdnicnyeh clbw, Icy shly matemaya ag ‘wau) verti tchlczg. Pierwuys 2 ni Jt umietoleSidepo ormulonania mpi i poprewneso wniascvaia, dug salto ‘eet matematyeenych peryaatayeh w aauhachteccayeh zane pramy w prepiovadzanie raey rede acho, Zasjomos leatry stadionanego praedmits | igo korean Haiuek stanowievoity,lecztarzo watay roa} Wiedsy. 2 toe wae ae notes wigepoprsé na eden Iho posite aye oprowadea to do ale wskaansgo ephctissadiém, Diego ay hea oma jest pode aps zaleane Meratry, obey lsat popalirn- fsuulove, zbiory zaGad | podrcaaltabademice. Ceyenixrorpocysinystula wyszepowinien alam sobie sprang # ep, ta porsanie mute ale prychodz two, wymagn sys cote 4 wytenaei W aadnym praypadk ae nly zheng cbwiowyan iepowodenien, Lice tonaryizy eo pryewnunta ste Doves fradoego i otsrecgo mute, fsx tley tysemstyenie | wpe Brcomaé, Do zrcamienia tre tego pol nesbna jot nse obra msjomoté mateamtyAl w zaltee programe skal fel Pecmivam sg do obovgaka podsigkowsna Komictoni Redakejemme Podreckéw da Wye een, w screens profescron? Anircowi Génkiems, protcorowlJerems Onowakcmu | pofisoronl Stanistsnon! Stic, 22 powierele ti autrswa tgs Som odicei matenatyi Piste tkte wast podsioanie reesorowi Wlanowi Pavesbcms 4 Foliechiki Gini oraxprofesoroyi Zbisiewowi Zcdnems ftyatu Matematyki PAN za lene, ceo da msl wag ad, Ke wily mi estteaneopracowane teas. Oldie sown podzghowania, flea sig Kolgom moim 2 Katedry Matos." Plea ‘Warsanki & missowiciemtglsemi Greeoraon! Deconcom 4 maison: Jlsaowi Keasow, Htrzy po tapomani sie 2rekopse Prwdstavil moje spstrabenia i spramdziedpomiade! do cadet, ‘obseieoenarc, w drugin wai tego podzita wpromleat reaceas ‘miany 1 urupebsienin. Duta pomee olazlt mi pay ty Kaley Katey ‘Matenstghs .E" ma Wyézele Eeatroiki Poesia Waranshig): ‘master Anna Zakomla, dcent Wala Leki, doktor renee Nabil, Imaghter Kasinirz Banach oraz giver Andra) Sinic-Rola, Peeaza ‘i Oni wile wikneh una. oruz wy nike poli. Na now, era eric telatdw sayy tld, er walpie, moje dabwinderenie. brute w onatich tach podezs prowadrenin wyltndow w Poiechice Primero de wydanspiermseg eupge, comarge | dents ° 'W cxvariom wydanio tego podegcznla rénigrm ig nace 0d wy Poprsénch, wraleniono zmsny w programie matemaski na wyilagh ‘etroii,wproradzooe na sete nn w propamach sh! fedsich, W avigzk 2 tym mopsino od nova, skgcon0 hb ussite wide prt uteri, Dorey 10 steepnot rendria piermzeg. Do zozminla frei tego podrgcsta Konecana Jet w anak tn dobre zajomold ‘matematkiw zaresie nowego program lneum opSioksrtslceg Wanstieneebydne windomesc tego sakes indaa zleé np w lait Ro Later 1 W. Zahowsteno: Matematyka, kos Prajgotowawery na nyse weenie webct”, mya) gesez WNT. Wiech Zakonald PRZEDMOWA DO WYDANIA DZIEWIATEGO Driewntewydanie tepo pergcai raise w istotay sped wpdah Dopetdnich. Zaacma cost teats rota napsana ed sows, Daley fo 1 serepsnos ronda zawiejqcgo wiadomase © chaterze odstawowym oraz Teenych fagmentéw rahunke ssickoweso Feathonege, kre zostly we bardze nowocztne nit W wydnich Dopradnies. Ponadto dodano wie nowyeh mda 2 cdpowinsnms, do fasotsihncgo rorxiqzaia Greegors, Decne Wojcech Zatowakd1 WIADOMOSCI_ WSTEPNE Prion mem Jt dn wiv pmeh me abe syeh Wie tach pot mp peak prt, snc Ta, aol a * bison nats hve fm pentose ano Jotowh ws» praise, Drop ovat osm terval dtvndr onan sae je haope opp ‘ty tale ga ay myopia Sfdiang ceria ny of llc nda, Float eel ‘Aon Sat (1725-190 dal tens was pan! Temi cower ‘so ba aban ae i ot lay rg "ee ca tei Cheval reporatonee mages jl sage rr et wnt (wid, ign amy ‘issn | ataeatiem arm posts W esd pont ‘AKIN ete gem, Maen ty seve myn pl Aelia mu notary ‘yok prom lay mye jl cheateyzoval nyc tt rg a ermal ol es gem tg ‘pre olan do mada whine snte poe! omelets Anionic: systema waloskows susad plerwotnyeh Pee ‘ai stn bodona oki (¥w'pac) nabunnnym ie Renee Shee, ny gro log patra ncn slaan do ‘uh io anny at atta ye "uid tive weet al poems roti suey 4: ig moan w onstveleDloany ee a ich4, Wrodmete wategne 2 ‘oraz tem. peiti— cot twedzei, Kt peat ber domed. Kae ine ‘olde Jot » peometi eterna} oblige, cyl adlinionane z= pomocn oj perwotyeh (emosedni, badd ct peedio — pops pois. jut ‘ltllins). Kade twice, nie bece pein, jet Wlonedsions, Poy ‘xym w dowedsie mozaa powulyvee se mlqenie ba pevah | twircenia ‘wonoduione poprsiao ‘Shem geome zudovany prez Buble bl pierw2g aksjoma- tyczng teoria dedukeyna. Akyomatan! cori nazywany tvierae- tia presite w lt owed. Taine deteyno, jt el rorn obra ‘ica sek roramowaninrwanegn dow ezenem eh wyprowadseniem ect mse po lncnse wypronadzene). “Acaolvik matematha jot: ne otyrry nena decode opie eos alajonsycne wa domo kd othe cpean ni eh ovo ‘Do chili chen wile dyuylinom matematycnym mada pot tor Alajomaiyenyeh. W szzgGloi! kolo rok 1690 matemapk log wlsk ‘Grins Peawo (185-1932) abudonal tak tore rye Fez nara yeh ntonast wacleseny lop poi AL Tax (4. 1902) 2bodewal {sore skjomatyenns di rytmagh ecb eceywisyeh (Opn ac bore tori alajomatyzna chralteryye fm, poi 4 poe wodetnione poeta perwote, tye ne obeslamy, solr at 5 tvledaet 4 wyodrebione alsjomaty, tye nie dowodziny. Rozw tort Aime hen ddeet ont drench we ‘anda went pojen prwotne jak | wnt hapmaty,anowige fax. alyjomate, a tol akjomaiyeng wytanie wymerine, W akon {ge er wtp went peje perntae. Alsjomaly opie peawowe lacnote eh poe, onwatng, fe ksomatyzig emg yseplingmatemstyer, tz. mdse Jei post tor alsjtgeen mntns to ie W 12x) spose, pay eat ull pik plewotnyh | skjomatsn, W tn pos ple rate ‘a perwotnew Jedayn ula tori mode niet plervatne w nny je, {wie wymagn okrelenin, Pode terdzeaie pay a aljomat w ey ‘stort ode le y6shjonate, ese tenuis masa owed, ‘fy peayminy non sejmatyg- W tym sees motna mw Senco Alsomatpeaych jen} dyeliny matematyzne ‘Azalza systema ables, tedgcegoprawzorer test lsomatyeze = soil rd matey nove horrony Seaegtne wang rol oGepral aly V pewalk Buxligess: W pls wyonaceo prs rota le egy a epi A tiie kid Jona prose prechodva rae: A 4 mle rican ‘uate ten pew x alsjomatykh or evan 1.1. Wpromasrene do matey s ‘ome a. 2 ale mozza go wypronadnié2alsjomaty geomet abot) ‘Ocrywiti, nie wiedmnie avon absolute jet terdzeiem geomet eutldesome ale nie an od ‘Uruptie akomalig pom abl jakimé nowy penile, tee spzeane) 2 V pewalee Eudes, otzymajeny jog geomet eck "Na pri, uropeniaie slajomsyke comet aboot tem. pe wa kiom Lobaczemskie#o: W pases wyevacone repose ne eae nan pak Ane co maj die prt poets proce Ale praca | tree junn 2 sonst ieudemmeh,opacowang zr matey roslego Mixowh Loaacarwscizo (193-1859 | sisaletaie of nigo— raze matey wesieicgn JaNos Bova (1802-1867) Do eh obee) powstal jeez wile emyeh geomet ieudesongch, a jedn x ih, nbudor trans pace matey astackiogo Beasesxon Rann (16261860, star ‘ovis formal podstave cor wglnoic ALaERTa Ena (19-1955 Prey geome wader fm, So mona badowas taki owe rane ake ‘genic alsjomn}cne oie atmatyene tee doseage ‘go punk widzein Neodprseproychodra tum myisowaEnana ae tosigstal, 22 matemayla, prodult mys uae milena of dotwindzeity {ak wap pase do Sita realngo?” 'Ne pocztha XX w. ewig te badaia meanatemateen doen hicnoll ach tor alsjomstezyeh est rsa socal, 2 aby mie © ele eo, route paz to ide Wei lama | wy ‘yc nich waloab (twee), treba print wyrunie wymisa ro Topica, jokin postguany ig w dowd, cys pos reply minkowana, “Teoch alajornyess cla Rr realy wniovkowaniazsaly wade spree zane zy sig era yformalzomon. Tala tori jt malonate Sr tort mulenatenns. W obreic teh sformalinnane) motaa mode twierze 21 pomoca macy. Subisttyeny ery ing jst tn otter selina ‘Drvcma wazaynwlasinolcan alan sie do sfrmalzomanyeh slasjomateenyn a esprsemois mapas. Teoria et praca jal lems woe takch dish twedn, arch edn jt prscete Gage ‘Teoria jt toma spc, jl ide wyatone we eminac dane Oza gee lub sapere tego nnn — jest verdana] wig, etal 9 aj jdno 2 ch za jet akjomatem abo wniskem z absjoaaldm oat er il gly jet w jg camach ovine. ‘eo, jak jst ayy ea aturalny, nie ofan pods Gowods nie- sracanok, 9 Ky ne korea senor, Pobale1 Wiel toe u 12, priya ber sastzete—jak slg to awyhlecyni— nespenenoi arytoetki Tah rcezywieych, to potrafiny jt wlowodni aiepracamat pometri ele evone ira eds Sto tm, wldne dowodymepaccma Wiest tor matemsyezayeh sino teri nemipeoe Tak et rykld aryenetja eb antralnye. Wapécesy mats) gi tstich ‘Ker Gott or 1505) wyksal, do keadameprzcmna tea savin are seep lea saturalayeh est nezpsinn, pono, esilive Jost pods owodsnispreeene kate] take) teri pray wen ghee ed, sma nie powaljesig ma walwolting teri. Dela aan tor mate ‘mlyezyeh doprowadal wge do esongi ch atralnchaidoshonloe ‘spomany tu ease 2 w odcesenia do tor frmalizowane mots sprecyona rater lowa don, Kiley pale yew smaezeia ‘anja Cylon! pzyjtym w jeykn matematscxym. Meni poslono, dona enerznin tor aformalzowane) jot to Jeg yrodowSd sesacy it to alsjomatw 1 spezqdzony na pedstawiesprecyzovanyeh dat eo regu ‘wicsowanin ‘Matematyawspélzesma diel sie umowsie na wide dscyplin do tye alba mins seers, naan viatomayema {gma enalipecns. Pode Sat) ych dseypin tow pen tere asjomatyeze. Na pez tors Tab raecrywistyehtanow podstaweanalizymatematycan, Ponto we WZ) ich dpyplinch matomatjezyeh ice amcor maa pola ety er ‘nmol aco o aborech) oan pace matemalykneiekiego GtoncA Groots (1845-1918, rz clement nih maton) pec hovane pease ‘itemayka angesbego Gionaca Boou’s (1815-1968, Prajsiemy teraz do wstgmnegn oméviena ro matenatyil w iaayeh assoc, 1 azezrInte ma w interenjgeyeh Coytesba mane Fzyemyeh chai: nich lof nlemleck oa Kaver (1724-1500) pel. W katie wed 0 dvi et yo tle prewdzve) wiry, le jest W i) mater lent anit Francine Bacon (151-162) pal natomit tl we turze wile zane, Kérch nie meine ani dose 2 wysarajen, lta ‘oli al prantaitdostatecne ano, ai worn dorama nani ‘ee pomoey 1 intrwenc tema Zistsowanie matemstyi do Dalah pryrodniench—w erokia to slowa muczenin~motna pois na éva etapy. Plrwzy 2 nih, to Buds modelu mutematyeznego’rorwataneg swka. Natura Zvi nie ‘es ry tym isons, np, mote by nim rrtadowaleRondesatora w abode ‘avlerjgm ops inkeyoZ,wpoaie i help wphem peyton ily in, Ne mol matematyczny shld ie e¥yhlesownan, pate 12, tole tema w naka faysnyh 8 ke, stwietzone Gowindcranie pongzanin i zalenolcl migdey mia estpueyeh w bday mika will cease} mow, model smuenatyeay oi w sposdb peyblitons, ee rw ipa, te cechy pola pay fayeznych rgdrcych modelonanyn zawiem, 6D MW a peoetieg owiska uvabamy ma podsawle doswindcn a dominsaey. Oxy ike, ca jedoap sjawiskafyemego motia bidowaé dae mvc, wwegie niatce moi ob wie) och zespolu pra figemgeh rzadacych badanyn ae widen. W modelich takich mga ysteponsé rine pied matenujeze, ‘Bova pis, Taeba pty a mtu oegdnii acyl afk ma pe ‘mee, a zadowaa itaim je obrare, dy zuwlers jak ji ig ‘tap drop polegh ma poddniuzoudowanepo model oles roenae ‘went matemstyeznemy, kre porwala wysnuvat yaidk majce esto ona ongeh rnd, O15! rGwnanla te mogysagsrowal isla leh wien ‘migézy miruml wilt aycaneh i abich avis, Are upratnio nie Dsly tvirdzae dotwicrali, Jezel via te ny od awk ati mast Potwierdcone dlwisdeaiem, to maton més o edkryachfyeznyeh doko zanyeh 2 pomocy matematy “Knycanym prayladen takego wale oly, algae wk wplyw a sozn6j el wipékesne) ecaii, yloodkyse per materia | Rig tmlclkiegoJousa Cuznea Maxwatca (131-197) gis fal ebktomapie ‘ycag,potwiertzongo nastepiedandane.Ofkryce to atl dokonane 1 pomocy formalasgocezumoaniaprospromudzbseg pace Maxell, At) poddal proceso wnioskowania model matematery.aawik lktyeanyeh magoetjerayeh, opraconany ma podtawe dowd fyi hemi angle ego Micsaua Faxanaya (11-1860. Miva inh aa le Wie arch watches, w Hoch mice nutenaij blo domes. ‘Poniemad model matenstyeny badanego ash stsnowi ko prayblany ‘oni zpol paw fies rqdzeych tym zewiskem, wie ally wna ‘saturn, 2e wna trymane x tego mods be ake how Pye ‘andne zdtwindzeiem. Trak edna rans be scat, fea 180 ‘ej zaninoi,rgdnol!peodaktaotzyanego 2a omnes rman male: ‘yemeqo 2 diadreniem, ne jet w ople zana. Nie wi co est pay {e)zgooicicho medemy si dom 2 rorumowaieelowiks, Kt hae toalo signa obserwacuch pezeed, oe odbiega od ie w yeh walodach, ‘A oto chasakenuiyema mypowied# doycaca tego iteenacego mgsdnent oshadeja od grupy wplzzsayeh mite machodncetropehh, Wye: eh pod paeniem Nicouas BOuRAAI: Jet nizoral 38 mole orotni a sce nerozumil apa, w jh pos sign ate ‘pki zy zastosowanie w peak, jg NtRoltaminesnych tu way pki dotwis i Jedyaym kry atematycenyeh jest ‘emis. Zasaceany joke cho popamnoe inlerpe>13, w tka pry ktadon. pope, ig wai roe re yin natn Chon ry nt en om an un nea an w a Rows matey odbywi sf satel azo eae | mal, fen tt romain rena Bross move, Key pol wile matenatieny, Praca a ‘ary sc ac Perry im wy 1s ty byt om spat hee fee Ron sv Kame! me (1095156) aye oom my eit hs ws rs Kontak monet, ; = neon per, en pti rs 2 li oii parr By, (on lo io ust a aa Polthinat pone? at mre dren pao Pow en mat Wa pois nae ‘tie poke menage, Lrg ne salizamy do po pmaaychy ‘eh rt rye 1h yy ot poi 2 ‘mg sdfhionant labret ee "Delt eds Mek dfncje myst poy a pom symbol matematyer Meee ica Aye hub opcnye, Ne pry Near Jo tna potei o wyladaikn 0, Define t zapimjemy zwykle ‘sot ssinlcep wari wyminione w clei defnilggon, one oy {En dovay tylko obit spetayeh ware mane ‘Termin estendonalaé pochoda os elsendre— rompers Symbol og” cvtamy: a sig ini, Ne ryt Warunk wymisionew clone dfssgeym aaeyruny wane ‘txotrconmi dl okelanego pon: tanomig on joannaicny ip ‘Sie Pen ee Polaie dense matanulywaé sw lab sym Pohny a ect nan Cyto defini open ay b> Opery at moa frloeoew ary seth tava > Oi I, korea pray tym z gel rSmowaéndel seo orn, papedtu pny wring ee © St ee eed 8 Defi stains i jlncgo sani may sige Patni tak antowan nly rome w en sons, te mmole x = eb ‘etal wpromavane® pj toto, to modun fakes, Pp faleaprenban icon aateaapgt pear tev. fic eveyone, adi Lis 2d, ckelgenyh ape ‘esa jot wi logan by b> Opry posta oe > Oy 1) acini einen «=, patos rb le jest ym layne, yb Pay a ronnomatnold, blacn bene1. Wiodomotet watepne 1” ‘bu je exon jst taka sma to poral pod wat ogg con ole: Innego na podstreansjeroii wrt Voge) define, [Nak pode, w kad dfnicl dtiniendu ni by nye oe Ahilone of dfnine. Stel defied wonpae n dfsens, Yo defn ‘jst popes (tv. doe Kol, np. ler part saya aka lesb ‘es jot psy), Zanvatny wie, define w matey jt ering, 2n8y al ‘use ice ae anarenem okrenego termi (nae) w mew posaceag ‘cei, waazany jt dna ped tym wadeem wlacny um eowiezenta 2 Co es wid charts prac P Cy ade ba ds soe bs rot = Stes w GA hw sea 3. Pell le kind hunker es {tana de opened ace a 4 Pade mai | ie wing tra oj sir pracdmiotw oraz pele noleniy do shirt prnimnjeny 2a ria peroneal praednot a mty do story to psmny aed { mdi, te pedmit a jet elamewten shor A, Jee proedot« ne fst ‘dementem stionu 4, to pie oe isch Itery N, Wi R omaecifofpowiedlo: shige winstich Tie2b) Bsturalnych, shir vuyich Ilezb wymiernyeh | aide wept Hi liezdrzecrywistych. Woncm! 4eN, 1H, eM, 2eR, V26W, Ver. Weieliac A1b 64, to siwnotée {eo sumego clement. Rwncié lesen thors jt ewoma: a= rns IDE! (= 8) b=) Bechale: [a b) 9 (b= om (a = 0) Bey ‘bie okrettumy wymienijge wszysthie jen elmenisIb pods marunahy Méryspenisa wsyste (yo) slenenty te sor, Ospowiciaio do sponta okra} roc shiory craters go sym toms {iti 44) —zbideshozony, k—beba slementin, > 1 hp feo) the canara waranek eral dan sie, No ook (3,5, 1) et ation sony etch send: 3 5118 fe rennet 1) it it soe: aldo lo we oie, en ato gh {ative ey ‘bir, do KtSego ne mulety 2aden clement, mzywamy :Berem pty 1 omaczany 8 Ne roid is wath prow cya mana +1 0a ay ‘ston each alice ote fn ents Lo jokladale jeden sblse pusty Zaniast shir mévimy tt — ree okoliznolci~ mmogai, Ha osina eb przestcn. want arin Det, Ménimy, 226A jest ry sion Bi pszay a-2 Jel ky lames sboe je clement Na pod fs xeNAx© 6) (3 Jeli sbi ie jest ny sbioron Bo pszany A 4, rials va aech. Nie be dane da zhiory: Ai. Preyponinasny kris suny 4 UB loca AB, ora btiey 4B yeh zborbw Det 2¢ (4B) {lee 4) v (ee BY) Do bioru 4 aalta wigs wept kote elemeniy, kde alta do ors 4 lab do sbi Det, cB) [(064) (088) Bo abioru do mule wige wzyikie | tho $e chert, ve nakby Jedncceie do abiora | do his—_— ne 4 ” Dh eekind sven pave Meno advo cin J (he, ity coma joe tw 4 By C-Wya h re ALCBUCh el PABLC foe valoda enya wae es (AaBuG [Na rysunku 1.2 praestaiono interpetce geomet een rma 13) WO Iterpretcis praw (1) 1 12) wyikn Pezpoteno 7 okseea dade nla | mtozeia bond (gaee 1% 1D, ei ot nom 3,482) Ibm Nr som 9 lo ams Nj ren [Nike 4 bye dowalaym 2borem, Zamist a a a CO Nu psu 11 praedstanono tev. dlagrany Venn, isin orelone 2a aan nn slorac,interpetonanjeh ako trex kl Trea 0 rg ‘dug protein ie 4, stoma tran 0 beg prerywanym pez ‘naar “Wprowadione ween pogi bioru pastgo aspewaia w kay pada mykoonnosé note | odkmonssia zor, Pens. Nach 7 omaca sbi shire RW, le mic vomit May ean MW = 8 ae ROFL = 0 2% okra réwnot {doilad na sbiorach, nya man prawa rachunku zbiocéw: reemionodé dedawenia UB = Bud wu romieonolé maotenia: ANB = Bd a Nnemoié dodawanis: (AUC = AU(BLC) a. utluc=AiBuc) Wndyoc=Anrc) Won tinertone) njucmAocnieud) 1a Taxa. Wstaym poitciem jest suwiranie sc biora w zhorne, eal lots, ktdegozmaceamy symboiem = Def, Ac Bo (eed c) etal AB, 0 A azywany podeinem ora B, 6 Brasywamy nal tem alors Ai yinnny BA; op. NW, We (,1,2} © itp ‘Die pty 9 jet podstore habdepo shoes, 2% ohreheni ak reno shor wb, 2 Ae BelAc Dawe ay a eel Ac Bi A # B, to oarywamy podzorem wasn sions B. Tnklurje jst proelodi, (a. prawasina jest impSkaia [de maweci~ace ay eel side ne avers sig w bioree By to pie A Bp. We. Dopeaeniesbior, Przyputény, 20 wsystbe blrycezpatrane prone ts w pewtym zagadsieis 1 podzhioramijenego ustlncgo ier, Ke) funaceymy U. Katy sozpatrywany prez mas 2 Ama wig fe Wikive, acu. anol mse? nya = A) 2: manny wt pt pr lin) sie Se ria, he cre (AU B)nC = (Are(BOC) a ‘wrimbolem 4” = aPC = (MOB) a aau-4 oe ow,ee ee 15, we i ul 2 [Naps pine U = R(R—shiée mastic Kes cet (y=, Wa Bw Nactyunka 13 stowage poke dopa sbior ry BA emtczesia 9 wt sie oop bre al age, ens tem i 2 Usa ib aan on este Vn eo 2 edna dD Rasa, (Tee (Ama h 9 fndae a4. 8 a anmocicn f oy 3, Ure rw na dari Ye rand Mero un atresia eon Behl aA 8) Add = Ahn nn mle 1 Rts tone il rant tr 2 nme hai) thud a on ea a eee Om, nstann, 9 tomea ” eee ADRES Mir A= ON, B= L240) Za «4am | 7, Mec! ~ 02.343} ie sn Zl dpe Ne 3 9 ceiveetdgmemt me a ee eee 9 Vadis ma 6: Nn 10) (een +2 Otert &. 9andone, ot iar. 6 9 (012.448) 9 OER. 9 0, OBS. 2a DBs BD Co Oa PRODUKTY KARTEXARSKIE| RELACHE Symbol (6.8) (6) crane fen sam ie aida i x dh el sent a. 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Do whee lay te yk te punky <9) pasacryeny, la ky trzymnjeny méworat rtige nyehheteenineshee nel nasa ( tr done Dats Retace¢ < Xx ¥ nazynany precio wey i tylko weds, ay vearunki ry pes impiajg warunk age dla kab toch element 904 zhiors X. “apisemy to symboicic AA \teoreeno, ) eed) eel 029 Nile ic rnc og ¢ Ro ke msn Renci2.3 #5154 3 nora 3 Det Relic @ XX, KiSe jet Jdaoceaie zorotoa, symetrycing ‘prschoia anyway rela rntowatnleiDnemy aac symbole 2 eect omnia lyme rac nt Intron ine we ac ta ae isch» bei dowelag elcg réwnomadnole w sbiore X' 8 Anateg ements xo Xnlech e] omagcaa ze eh wrzkch deme 9 © re pout 2*w rac rontomttaic, Zaten 3 date B= ex ems} a DNoewerny 128) oi fe] muzyka estate reac ~,mymnczong pee lement | Kasy abseakgli telah rSwapwatnotel = wyzacione pre ine ee rmaty sqatbo ¢6wne, abo rozigczne Powstve rorwataia poowaljasformulovas twcrzeie,rmane bro hb casa ouyftaglslnenton rSwnowatnyeh Tw. 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Eanes 6X poe wl eet 0 ‘edi wey el ot dink "uote at nc a, mi ttc ch eh onal, te W jenn so on alent) “ena sine pal et ors ni orl el Def. Rel, tin jot jednoczesnie rein prechodela, antye ‘ymetyemai spl W 2a X,nazywamy laa Snow preach ‘Nistudao sprang jest dicisem y, rorvatann w ete ‘wim pray, jet rela Unione pozadkujea zhi. wy a a9 emtezenta ant rman in rao (4 (10 = 2 Pa ie Dc sama, ei ay debe om deo 2 ch X= (680) W tia ora o> (Ba 0,040) 1 (naa C0) retain— "s “al ig ona wh Women la gwen eine ese 4: Mec X= tbls Ym 4.2). Obey gs = Y mae! = 0,2) = kae.30) 25 (ayn, a.0.0,0) elicit sare BH Se i Fie AT Grbac oa by > je mie of 3) nahet sen * Os im. Poe wench cea Ymme ee * "8 Podabiée waryitkich elementéw dodatnick oznuceamy 2. “a Poljeny da tease xu Aeevectesriy XW. Oe rn0en=06x-y ‘Absjomaty XIU i XIV wigs rele & x dodavanim | meotniem Opie sigma skjomatach TXIV vdowodainy peykiadone, d DL @ 0 a DOWOD. Nigh 401 2). Da beg 4.968 ot Nila 2 “a> 01 pe > Sado ene BT 8609 = 0 y4(-9) (be arte ‘tors: ae taj I oven» acd Wpromzon dotycas asjomaty LXIV wysarrale do sadomain ‘may lcd aymiemysh, le le wat do abedewania antec ‘scawisiych. Na ped akjomaty te ne wysarcay do donoda {ahr dodo, dake) x-x = 2, cox? = 2 Olsen ba Masieacjimeyh iced eczyistyeh wy pry jose snag vas ee © laden demensie MER spcsisnesm nowy warask md gran shin Zz gry. Pople bce is opraniaoaeg «gy anane ‘ako itn. Obcne wpeonsalisny to peje w dain ‘Bion, nezaleane of lntepretagh element more B. cee te in \\f k-e, camem amg 9-74—— » Sm ln a ea Hae iar (Jes (hens ee oc + watts 3 nt Spacey ir Semone Waal sonora ot t,o Ee Sa-Zou 1 Ly rye x mnyeuny era, el apd per aa Savas age iced cee oo oats Pearse i arene oho See Se Go a erie ot stn yt a a 1 ha mel cnc aby oe walt aie Dado D Mela 0 “Mersil, @ Crerede pled a ena nent 9 [l= /l an reo, @ ett cttin veo 9 f= [ear ra0 @ acne lense 9 paride 0 li 1 wnt mY 1, eens 9 ERT gts 9 eset he in temic ey WS xbt Lo aide © tice, omeoting 9 iternae 9. Up sane YP FIORE YF 2 Nich 41 bl ema rg! a. Wyn isa # kh etbtett oe ime a ators Test al Bt ta te storm aca WMD cin 0 crmuiiicara, ca] ® aise, 9 Cai tay 22. eee, ynhtnlaeseic some: 2) cox OD 1 sites 3 St Nonpoet mse atu) pay, coca ween: 2) (3:1, 0:9, 9 ibe OB) Gem 80:0. 8) SUED 5a wait fs tiad | amet yaaa kvm mea pane seem pein en se poi 8 a Beet, 9 ede Ued, A Obe:D— Sid, 819 © Ov 26, Nich Zc ens he ia Pak ryan ton ane ‘bic, tags > © see pts Z mie saat SOB. ‘Ue tata or st une ners ab Perea) a st pen capi pet 1. ayant pon pei slr etc ns be “jp pens eas (pant apn Soe Zw 7 vty vant pee pense? 3%. Ze by io ah pak to ren sei, may em svc sie Not pt tb yh robe ee Ce 2 BS a staan Ziad w ensign tng dee 214 Gani one ae som Foo capa meat automo aye sty ne pile womens thom, Nae 1) dots pomot tay Wen pat weiss sem a fm mem ot ii tei women, Naz pl bat es ‘own spas se tong cht eens” 16 Udowoda gas ioe eros oar > ie nin dss ma > 3 ta 16-1 08%, 40 onmiisr inn Sey Sto Se momo g, wire Sew mak ma et m9 omny VER DE KOVERR CER OYOSIE IO OAH 610— Oe 9 (er)ebe-J} 9 crc m ansaec ssa scfm Sotto een SU 2g FO hans 10 w oamtive 22 9) Ta, » aot oa, 226) 8, Beam Bt le seth mah oto 2s” na Z te ik a) Hs HS ee me le Koc em ech bedi dane funk 2X Yahi a © X. Dek. ise ware okie pryimaje funk fo ablorze A muzywamy tracem shoew 4 omaceany symbolem f, Oi iil ronxese [icc be dane dma neparte biory 3 ¥. Del.” Méviny, tena zlorze Xiest olretlons fink fo wartoeiach w Many zat aoe MA) = (foe ¥: x04} 148) EON ‘bigs (00 mazywamy praeciniidting funk omaceamy pene Rf Ire ylkowidy iy kstdenuclemestowix©X prryporzadkowam Zypdsie 21.48 tateny apie none Jesnoenacaae demet ts) ¢ Y, Rf= (fia) ¥: xe Dp) bie Xozyvamy dong fanksi i oxnaczamy 0f Kady oe EX nezymaiy epumowen funk f 3 f(s) ¥ aayamy wonnieg to lei Rf ¥, wis ela by eloment abira ¥ ist pryporsadhoe Fal argument ‘many co mais jednemn elementowsdxndsiny to ming, 2 Tne Funke /pisyjemy some Iwaorowuje aie X na zie Y. Xassya sey so tase YM), vex i Ponies ters x prezenie w apse unk Aaah 0:2, Wt fay =, Pi kt fh | rota 1. Ne ede de pgm tertemte at tt acd eer ea iret, Terminy zmioma niesaicina i omen zletna owszrchale u2y ye g |W Zustosowaniach matemstyki w fi to bowiem sig adarza, #e 2 mia mg w= <4 onus R= toni te js. Casto bowie gna, de wear 0~ (hs YE) ons ay ae feria oc ae cia zmiennej nie: ne 2. {-s0, a) uzywamy fuk J aedkonane do zit Ai canacany symbole A Drie forks ff, meywany 1 Swaymi windy | Olko wey, gy Df = Xt Die -f0) ‘prin eo tb mcr ksh a sey py tm f= fb fi) = fh 6X. Free Pr po ts net hm i Tol abe ag 4» ¥ te cere fh = (en eX Ky MAKEN) a)a a (Gor. warunki (1.2) (128), fa os, Janda fslcs @ ¢ X% ¥ obetla einzaacnle hj fe X-+ Yak, 20 Av-f0=201 wig fonksje maton tabtowad joke Frei. ons w wir tym do prayktadw ast. 24 W pega 1 ro ‘du e, wyroaces Tanke fs XY, niiomany, sSwoodcami: fx) 9 Sls) = Js isles) = yy W penta 2 engi eg wyratesfutkse Re 995 fle) = lx eR. Punks fs: R, - Rodwzore nie eh dodatuch a Bigs Lab rays tant S88) cel eo peri ten i sinoms pre ay funkejami rzeezywistymi jedae) zm: ap olreslone martole!lcshowe. W pea funy = oeste-1) ‘jeezy pdsbioren jt pnd (1; 2). Zaps» = logue) at i roaumist jako y = ogse—D, x (1:2) ‘Tak roman ditrog (funk lslloas) wane) aazyweny ‘isch bed dane de foe! My -+ Rl: A+ RAR OK #9. Fenkse Pafeee), xeX or Prfe-aeh reXnk, Pax, reX OX, aywamy sing rnin ora loco funk fi gi oxnacamy ofpowi so symbolani f+g,f-g oraz fog. Pad, Jel dla batdego 0X, 6) #0, to funkse A a yf, remo, Be ct heey ee Wires fmeG.Funkjelsbows modoniateretowas spot spores cv. wpras fant W tym ca amisaseamy a played ‘erie prostopaile oi lkzhowe O11 OY 0 ‘9p sano any Cayaiow kad ia coal es etal na sich ch Jet wtlona wiploa Joost dugotito taki wind wopstaeaych arswamy lad prostatqeymKartesiioin, Na paccryEnie ‘azncramy basepaie puaty 0 wspbegdaych (,f09), tbc id, yx payale wae wart x didnny ff, Stenowiwykresfuntg, 2m sporzgdeany pezylitony wykzes fuk, eae lice Kita zenatzonyeh je pankt Sete lad wpdlrzenyeh sada sg > éwéch prostapnlych do ste os, ‘bs Kitch peace rine Jedaostitegotl, to tiled tak nya aden _pratokatnym wspSanyeh (ne tazywamy go ja jada hts). cami, wrkres tj same} fonk y= f(e,3-€A w eSych alddach spstzeayeh et r2ay (17 Pines shlad OXY teiemy romiat w tym podeecznita wylcanie wad rostkatny, niece) za paagiaé sg Opieny ulledem prostotay Esteem Zauyainy, 2 wyles funk f+ A> ¥ pokeywa sig x wykreerm flag © © AXY pryporsydkowane) fei fz pommey rowed! (150). onksa sleoma. Nich bet dane dvi fenksi ft X> Yona g: TZ, pray ey R/c T.Kadiem eleneatowi x © X steny pogporeadbowse 02 Kindnie jeden clemetze7z,taki2e = fa), Funke fig wymacala, tige now fankee A: XZ, oltetlony wnat Ae) ~ sien as lj arya fk ton Ib purports fig, oem amy symbolem go Funke /mazywa byciemy fnkce womgrsg, «fuse inka zm era spepaye gf. 7 etic many Lene = goonZs) pxyayny soppy / bemy ronnie ounaraé yaa), vex Peat, Noch = coe ia) =, Woman (18+, £8 oe RY = Dr = Bhs mien 90» 0 ame 9 = e909 ene Nes 1) = 2.40) =n. Woncae ft-> Rp = Bese We Siow Dp wena l/s, tel fan slodoma het una wonetrany pewoe ing enki eo mot gona nazyvas unk cron hcg. Ont ata funk (n— Deira afoang 2 pawns asks orem fale wren phon din n= 3, ‘akc rimonarticions, Nish bse dan inks ft X-+ Yi dc Del, Funke fnszymamy rétnoariadcion oa shore A windy b ety, ly La taf) #059 a. Jeli = X, to camiast méwit: Fake rtnomartotcions na se) id éwimy hth: Fake rétowertocona Protas, Fak orton we = = a sy a romain me rca 9 je ann Gb ‘i 0m indey pon (iF = C2 ‘en ket wre Y= <0 tomas Famke otmots. Niech f: X-+¥ 1 R/= ¥, Jest fj en artoiiowg, o odvaorowse bie X on abit ¥ wala dca, a orm, 28 réwsict katy clement €¥ peaporsdiomany zatat ‘etnemu slemetavi x (os 1.) Moteny stem ore fig hs ¥-+ a Kndemu clenentowi xe ¥ clement yO tll, do ti cial 6 Otrcom w ten spou8 ma pomoct fuk «Stnowarakione] funk hnasy- remy Jeni rong dof onnazanysynbolem J! sen PPM 76 ft ten a9 = V9 hve czy fk odroton do funk jr réwna fen wie Aen Punk iJ staaowia pare fin wanennie oda Podleesamy, 2 fuksja odwiotm fsiywany akedy w odisenin do fuakieebowyehterminyodwrotot ua to poe Ste, Zak 1", yutputey symbelu funk edwrote, jet moma {ae onacza ema Pot. ‘Wymacaanie praktyene func odwrote do funk dane wyaisimy rate peaybncrie. Nich fs) = 2°41, x (050), Panky ft (2050) +22) jst rdanowartasiowa | RF = (1542). Zam etal fai odweoan 12 (1; 40)» (= asp Sad 4G) = VET, x 061; + Uwagn, Rowiae tad #6; +) smi (1.59) a riod ‘wey tobi ar) hee may (= 0 [ise © 39 €¥; pay caym X et dlesing, Y zal pracwsidsag| evng fnigi rStnomatscows) - Many Wonca Jon fe x6 =) Zauvainy, 0 siory Xi ¥ samen se soln, ely mint funk f oaparaemy fhe Zor we oa ih la dls poe unk fit, ‘atomistlitery, Kidym eonacramy zene (ele zltnn re tte, Z teyo wisledu motony np. powieidet, e Tankeja odwrotna. do aki y= fe) —r6dnomarotciony) na tozinie X 1 msec panini. dking ¥—jest funkeje x =/-*Q) olzeilom ma diotzine Y | masa racing X, cy ede jest mia funke)a w=/-"G) olvellont 0, jest réwaowatna Koniunkei dwéch wy smote cae fos 19> —m a ene eel w (8) sant warns YO] cmaruntcons = 5! ont! Lawes» act I srr it mens nn <3 1 1 Seal dt (snap sols moc fi)

f009 om ‘Del, Funke f nuzywamy porsyuig na zbiore B wiedy, i tylko wiedy, _ Acrennsy=5-9 a are ke» = a a del defn (1.49 masta serdmnotémoean fx) > fs) nerno- sha Ce) > fe to otezymy warunk carateyzjey funk 2a Ne ped me 0 = #0) = cits =o ap renee re Acie natura a oii ‘Ne ymake 111 polaneadpowadie nterpece seomstryes. oti 1.6) wit 20 OY jt osm hes Lad asdn fic rune na slre Xft xy nema 5 aris. vee (ce tensor) Podbal aa fr alma py sre Dale Punks fnazywamy npr icone ma tym abr.Dele Punic /aazymamy montonong na ziorseR wel ilko aly stra tym abione siematejace lb niceesnacn, sm is NN ne mle naan) fn lle man Be aa ay ee es A or netro-nebosesn =f) dar atta ead ss aa Bieler ae aoe te mae ee I as Baal nemernita ee peepee De, Ue fone crn td fxcccn » Ae ats Sa rere fat ec Aornesaein=r0) q hg tesbewy.Z nai w cole pangtamy, te fake faa diting ie eee ty ret 45 2 mii oe ol a Be pos) Repti mccaleiaha ea! mine instance ean rea Asn of ot en Steen of Rai sealing Sa eae enw eke bron ers ¥ wie no fetal bm i to snynay pp otroorecnamese PT? | Beate rpms royce wonky all I eh cant porn. ces es acer keen pn fl) m i tine a Sat a ‘m,n, nontnicrm 4 aeoGiag tcn. Ne aa et Funke /oarnny tres nine Belo wed, {omit nwo cage arto caps iepriween,2- se oe on om he tne Nea ch seton wesjenme pcaych Ryka inert ome Sn fink i pete somuhjem ein an crniones hy oss ton some bres pk we Re Pe eo. ais a vay pany Mey ho ny, By VAasw (166)Foon pet dni ome sc mn et 3 ta my msec Prue ees te haere Dal Che) many ram ws why ak tn pie Nos i Sie: xe or iin, ne ot oye ar Doemesean 0 > Phat y Osmrars a Ned) ex aw) Aimy, ot sto pom yma a =f 408 Dy cet soriay ewe satires) ak ta Me nronesone mc efaset ft Ea Py ear Fats esos fc ech en cl so fh Pp 2 Duna 269; ma ptm sen yet, O40) te ae itil 1eCmite) es die 1.80 et pricy ey (= 3) rap tpl aie as nn 9; te aay ele Wideiny wies tt sama fouls mite misé r64ne pemtsawlenis porametrcene. 2 praestawieinparametycnego funk k korytamy caso wens, iy fuji g yeas sg post nna ls fen he any take, 1» prosego waora. 1a prokd fonksje x ~ sat,» = Lcost, © (~<0; +c) sanowia — ‘ik sig oazaje~ practice paramseyenefunkoh F: RR (ye, LD, Batomlsst proporeydkowanieedas tt fou aie das wor 2adayen prot wear. 5 ‘Kray prsdstawion mary 113 nasywn eel, Po moto pete trey Ha ies st | 2 Es Zany i a 42 a ar lal Jan cre tla 3p eae ea Ne nueyvamy katdy ie X,eérem pray (0) sie,a Oe a — 4, Spr wy fn adaware ae pe ss Hs pov ym yas OD 2 (acy =a.) 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