SOLID-SOLID

SEPARATION
Noer Abyor Handayani
OPTICAL SORTIR
OPTICAL SORTIR (1)
❑ Basis : difference in optical properties
❑ Optical properties : colour, light
reflectance, opacity, electrical
conductance, and fluorescence excited by
ultraviolet rays or x-rays
❑ Principe: With appropriate sensing, the
particles in a moving stream can be
sorted by using an air jet or other means
to deflect certain particles away from the
mainstream
Video :
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7hwL0_NsBU4
 OPTICAL SORTIR (2)
In a typical optical sorting installation, the mixture of
particles is fed from a hopper onto a vibrating feeder.
The solids then enter a troughed conveyor belt and align
the flow and cause the particles to be projected in a
continuous stream along their free-fall trajectory. They
are viewed in midair during fall through an optical
chamber by a series of cameras arranged to view the
entire surface of each particle. The color or reflectivity
of the surface of each particle sets up a characteristic
voltage pattern in the output circuit of a light-sensing
photomultiplier. The patterns are analyzed electronically
and compared with a preset reflectance level. When
appropriate, a reject signal delayed electronically will
activate on air jet to deflect a particle from the main
stream.
https://www.satake-europe.com/optical-sorting/principles-of-
optical-sorting
 SCREENING(1)
❖Basis : difference in sizes
❖Principe: Material that remains on a given
screening surface is the oversize or plus
material, material passing through the
screening surface is the undersize or minus
material, and material passing one screening
surface and retained on a subsequent surface is
the intermediate material. the final portions
consisting of grains of more uniform size than
those of the original mixture.
❖Equipment: Grizzly screen, Revolving screen,
Shaking screen, Vibrating screen, Oscillating
screen
SCREENING(2)
 SCREENING(3) -
GRIZZLY SCREEN
berupa papan papan panjang dengan screening berupa perbedaan jarak antara
papan
These consist of a set of parallel bars held apart by spacers
at some predetermined opening. Bars are frequently made
of manganese steel to reduce wear. A grizzly is widely used
before a primary crusher in rock- or ore-crushing plants to
remove the fines before the ore or rock enters the crusher.
It can be a stationary set of bars or a vibrating screen.

STATIONARY GRIZZLIES
The slope, or angle with the horizontal, will vary between
20 and 50°. Stationary grizzlies require no power and
little maintenance. It is, of course, difficult to change the
opening between the bars, and the separation may not
be sufficiently complete.
Stationary grizzlies
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=u-gWKU4OACY&pbjreload=101
 SCREENING(4) -
GRIZZLY SCREEN
lebih akurat daripada stationary grizzlies karena ukurannya dibedakan tiap stagenya
FLAT GRIZZLIES
These, in which the parallel bars are in a horizontal plane,
are used on tops of ore and coal bins and under unloading
trestles.
This type of grizzly is used to retain occasional pieces too
large for the following plant equipment. These lumps must
then be broken up or removed manually.
VIBRATING GRIZZLIES untuk meningkatkan efektifitas (memperpanjang waktu
kontak partikel dengan screening)
These are simply bar grizzlies mounted on eccentrics so
that the entire assembly is given a back-and-forth
movement or a positive circle throw.
Vibrating grizzlies
SCREENING(5) -
REVOLVING SCREEN
REVOLVING SCREENS, OR TROMMEL SCREENS,
once widely used, are being largely replaced by
vibrating screens. They consist of a cylindrical
frame surrounded by wire cloth or perforated plate,
open at both ends, and inclined at a slight angle.
The material to be screened is delivered at the
upper end, and the oversize is discharged at the
lower end. The desired product falls through the
wirecloth openings. The screens revolve at
relatively low speeds of 15 to 20 r/min. Their
capacity is not great, and efficiency is relatively low.
SCREENING(6) - MECHANICAL
SHAKING SCREEN
These screens consist of a rectangular frame
which holds wire cloth or perforated plate and is
slightly inclined and suspended by loose rods or
cables or supported from a base frame by flexible
flat springs. The frame is driven with a
RECIPROCATING MOTION. The material to be
screened is fed at the upper end and is advanced
by the forward stroke of the screen while the finer
particles pass through the openings. In many
screening operations such devices have given way
to vibrating screens.

VIBRATING SCREEN
https://www.911metallurgist.com/blog/vi
brating-screen-working-principle
Shah 2018
SCREENING(7) -
These screens are used as standard practice when large
capacity and high efficiency are desired. The capacity,
especially in the finer sizes, is so much greater than that of
any of the other screens that they have practically replaced
all other types when efficiency of the screen is an
important factor. Advantages include accuracy of sizing,
increased capacity per unit area, low maintenance cost per
ton of material handled, and a saving in installation space
and weight.
Mechanically vibrated screen
Electrically vibrated screen
SCREENING(8) -
GYRATORY SCREEN
These are boxlike machines, either round or
square, with a series of screen cloths nested
atop one another. Oscillation, supplied by
eccentrics or counterweights, is in a circular or
near circular orbit. In some machines a
supplementary whipping action is set up. Most
gyratory screens have an auxiliary vibration
caused by balls bouncing against the lower
surface of the screen cloth.
produknya yang paling besar
SCREENING(9) - FACTORS

Method of feed Vibration amplitude

Screening surface Noise and safety
Angle slope Direction of rotation
Screening surface
 WET CLASSIFICATION
WET CLASSIFICATION is defined here as that art of separating the solid particles in a mixture
of solids and liquid into fractions according to particle size or density by methods other than
screening.

In general, the products resulting are (1) a partially drained fraction containing the coarse
material (called the underflow) and (2) a fine fraction along with the remaining portion of the
liquid medium (called the overflow).

TYPE
1.Gravitational : sedimentation and hydraulic classifier
2.Centifugal
WET CLASSIFICATION

berdaarkan beda densitas dan ukuran

DRY CLASSIFICATION

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0TwJLS_Bars
 JIGGING
A JIG is a mechanical device used for separating materials of different specific
gravities by the pulsation of a stream of liquid flowing through a bed of
materials. The liquid pulsates, or “jigs” up and down, causing the heavy
material to work down to the bottom of the bed and the lighter material to
rise to the top. Each product is then drawn off separately.

Piston
 JIGGING Weakness ??

Mixed dry ingredients

Discharge 1 (fine materials)

Jigging motion

Discharge 2 (coarse materials)

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RDgZtTEhMVk
 DENSE MEDIA SEPARATOR
Dense-media separation, also known as heavy-media or sink-float processing, is an
adaptation of the common laboratory procedure for separating solids of differing
specific gravities by immersing them in a heavy liquid of specific gravity intermediary
between those of the solids, thereby causing the lighter particles to float while the
heavier sink. However, in dense-media separation, the parting liquid is produced by
dispersing relatively fine-grained solids of a high specific gravity in water and
maintaining this pulp in suspension by light agitation. The method is very effective and
can be used to separate solids with differences in specific gravity of as little as 0.005.

It is often the only process needed for the removal of deleterious wastes from coal. The
method is used extensively for beneficiating ore minerals, and it is finding increasing use
for the processing of shredded automobile scrap and for the recovery of values from
solid municipal waste.
DENSE MEDIA SEPARATOR
MAGNETIC SEPARATOR
Any particle introduced into a magnetic field will
become magnetized to some extent and act as a
magnetic dipole. Depending on the magnetic
characteristics of the material, it can be classified as
ferromagnetic, paramagnetic magnetically
attracted), or diamagnetic (repelled by a magnetic
field). Ferromagnetic substances (e.g., iron, nickel,
and cobalt) may be permanently magnetized and
have strong magnetic moments per unit volume.
Paramagnetic substances are further classified as
strongly or weakly magnetic according to the
strength of the magnetic moment produced per unit
volume in the external magnetic field.
MAGNETIC SEPARATOR
 GROUP ASSIGNMENT
10 GROUPS : Outline report:
1. Industri semen (2) a. Nama alat
2. Industri makanan (2) b. Gambar alat dan bagiannya (gambar
3. Industri minuman (2) tulis tangan dan scan)
4. Industri petrokimia (2) c. Prinsip kerja, jenis material, dll
5. Industri farmasi (2) d. Fungsi alat berkaitan dengan industri
masing-masing
• Report (pdf)
• Presentation (ppt) : 15 min for presentation, 5 min 1 hari presentasi 5 kelompok
for Q n A

Outline report :
1. Description
2. Storage
3. Transportation
4. Separation
5. Mixing